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  • IB Physics SHM Revision

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    Henry Winckle
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    Oscillations can occur in pendulums and masses attached to springs. Simple harmonic motion (SHM) is defined as acceleration directed towards and proportional to displacement from the mean position. Key terms include displacement, amplitude, frequency, time period, phase, angular frequency, damping, natural frequency, forced oscillation, and resonance. Waves can be transverse, with amplitude perpendicular to direction, or longitudinal, with amplitude parallel to direction. Wave characteristics include wavelength, wave speed, intensity, superposition, and reflection at boundaries.

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    My personal revision notes for IB chapter 4 SHM physics.

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    Oscillations can occur in pendulums and masses attached to springs. Simple harmonic motion (SHM) is defined as acceleration directed towards and proportional to displacement from the mean position. Key terms include displacement, amplitude, frequency, time period, phase, angular frequency, damping, natural frequency, forced oscillation, and resonance. Waves can be transverse, with amplitude perpendicular to direction, or longitudinal, with amplitude parallel to direction. Wave characteristics include wavelength, wave speed, intensity, superposition, and reflection at boundaries.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    222 views2 pages

    IB Physics SHM Revision

    Uploaded by

    Henry Winckle
    Oscillations can occur in pendulums and masses attached to springs. Simple harmonic motion (SHM) is defined as acceleration directed towards and proportional to displacement from the mean position. Key terms include displacement, amplitude, frequency, time period, phase, angular frequency, damping, natural frequency, forced oscillation, and resonance. Waves can be transverse, with amplitude perpendicular to direction, or longitudinal, with amplitude parallel to direction. Wave characteristics include wavelength, wave speed, intensity, superposition, and reflection at boundaries.

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    Examples of Oscillations: A pendulum, a mass attached to a spring attached to a surface that oscillates back and forth.

    SHM definition: Acceleration is directed towards and proportional to the displacement from the mean position. Defining equation: a=-w2x Definitions: Displacement (x): Distance from mean position. m Amplitude (xo): Maximum displacement. m Frequency (f): Oscillations per unit time. Hz. 1/t Time period (t): Time taken for one complete oscillation. s. 1/f. Phase: In step, in phase. Deg. Angular frequency: Frequency in radians. 2pif or 2pi/t. w. Damping: Dissipative force opposite to direction of motion of particle Normal damping: Passes through the equilibrium line. Critical damping: Does not pass through equilibrium line. Ex. Car shock absorbers. Natural frequency: Normal vibration Forced oscillation: External force applied causing change in frequency. Resonance: Natural frequency is equal to the driving frequency. Oscillation plus extra amplitude. Wave pulse: Single oscillation Continuous wave: Succession of individual oscillations Transverse waves: Amplitude at right angle to direction. Light. String. Longitudinal waves: Amplitude parallel to direction. Sound. Slinky. Wavefronts: Parts of a wave moving together. Rays: The direction of energy transfer of a wave. Crest: Max height, Transverse wave Trough: Min height, Transverse wave Compression: Bundled together, Longitudinal wave Rarefaction: Far apart, Longitudinal wave Wavelength: Shortest distance between 2 in phase points (crest -> crest) Wave speed: The speed at which wavefronts pass a stationary object. Intensity: Power per unit area. Intensity is proportional to Amplitude squared. Displacement-time graph: One position on a waves movement in time Displacement-position graph: The position of many points, stopped in time. Superposition: When two waves meet the resultant displacement is the sum of the individual displacements. Constructive superposition: When two waves are in phase (0 step difference) Destructive superposition: When two waves are 90 out of phase.

    vo=v maximum ao=a maximum x0=x maximum

    All electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed in a hard vacuum. Wavelengths of common electromagnetic waves. Radio Microwave Infrared Visible Ultraviolet 3 -2 -5 10 10 10 0,5x10-6 10-8

    X-ray Gamma ray 10-10 10-12

    vmax at equilibrium amax and xmax at max displacement. Epmax at max displacement Ekmax at mean

    Resonance: Amplitude affected by degree of damping (more damping, less amplitude increase). Amplitude affected by comparative values of natural and driving frequencies. Wave characteristics: All waves transfer energy. No net motion in medium. All waves involve SHM motion. Transmission of waves: Free end: Reflected Fixed end: Reflected and inverted Wave meets boundary, partially reflected partially refracted. Angle of incidence = angle of reflection

    i = angle of incidence r = angle of refraction n = refractive index

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