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  • ENG 102 - 9AM: Ramage Chapter 5: Using Evidence Effectively Ramage Chapter 6: Moving Your Audience

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    This document summarizes key chapters from Ramage about using evidence and moving an audience. Chapter 5 discusses criteria for effective evidence use, including sufficiency, typicality, accuracy and relevance. It also covers different types of evidence. Chapter 6 reviews appeals to logos, ethos and pathos and how to establish credibility and engage emotions to move an audience. It defines kairos as the timing and appropriateness of an argument.

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    9amEng 102 Ramage Chapter5and6 Smarted

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    9amEng 102 Ramage Chapter5and6 Smarted

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    This document summarizes key chapters from Ramage about using evidence and moving an audience. Chapter 5 discusses criteria for effective evidence use, including sufficiency, typicality, accuracy and relevance. It also covers different types of evidence. Chapter 6 reviews appeals to logos, ethos and pathos and how to establish credibility and engage emotions to move an audience. It defines kairos as the timing and appropriateness of an argument.

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    162 views21 pages

    ENG 102 - 9AM: Ramage Chapter 5: Using Evidence Effectively Ramage Chapter 6: Moving Your Audience

    Uploaded by

    jeanninestanko
    This document summarizes key chapters from Ramage about using evidence and moving an audience. Chapter 5 discusses criteria for effective evidence use, including sufficiency, typicality, accuracy and relevance. It also covers different types of evidence. Chapter 6 reviews appeals to logos, ethos and pathos and how to establish credibility and engage emotions to move an audience. It defines kairos as the timing and appropriateness of an argument.

    Copyright:

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    Ramage Chapter 5: Using Evidence Effectively Ramage Chapter 6: Moving your Audience

    ENG 102 9AM

    Ramage Chapter 5: Using Evidence Effectively

    ENG 102

    STAR CRITERIA:
    GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR USING EVIDENCE PERSUASIVELY

    Sufficiency Typicality Accuracy Relevance

    STAR CRITERIA:
    GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR USING EVIDENCE PERSUASIVELY

    Sufficiency The more contested a claim or the more an audience is skeptical, the more evidence is needed Dont make argument overly long and tedious with too much evidence Word your claim so that audience supports it

    STAR CRITERIA:
    GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR USING EVIDENCE PERSUASIVELY

    Typicality Evidence should be typical and representative rather than an extreme instance

    STAR CRITERIA:
    GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR USING EVIDENCE PERSUASIVELY

    Accuracy Evidence cant be used ethically unless it is accurate and up-to-date Evidence cant be persuasive unless the audience believes in the writers credibility (ethos)

    STAR CRITERIA:
    GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR USING EVIDENCE PERSUASIVELY

    Relevance Argument: I deserve an A because I worked exceptionally hard. Provides evidence of how hard he worked, but not why he deserves an A.

    KINDS OF EVIDENCE
    Data from Personal experience

    Insufficient (hasty generalization), not typical, not adequately scientific or verifiable


    Flaws in how observations were conducted, showing how data are insufficient, inaccurate, or nontypical Raise doubts about research methodology, questionnaire design, or typicality of interview subjects Raise doubts about sufficiency, typicality, or relevance

    Observation/field research

    Interviews, questionnaires, surveys

    Library or internet research

    KINDS OF EVIDENCE

    Testimony

    Question credentials of source, show sources bias, or quotes a countersource Question methods, research design, interpretation of data
    Show implausibility of scenario or offer an alternative scenario Point to different values or outline different consequences

    Statistical data

    Hypothetical examples, cases, & scenarios

    Reasoned sequence of ideas

    CHECKLIST FOR BRAINSTORMING SOURCES OF EVIDENCE

    What personal experiences have you had with this issue? What details from your life or the lives of your friends, acquaintances, or relatives might serve as examples or other kinds of evidence? What observational studies would be relevant to this issue? What people could you interview to provide insights or expert knowledge on this issue? What questions about your issue could be addressed in a survey or questionnaire? What useful information on this issue might encyclopedias, specialized reference books, or the regular book collection in your university library provide?

    CHECKLIST FOR BRAINSTORMING SOURCES OF EVIDENCE


    What evidence might you seek on this issue using licensed database indexing sources for magazines, newspapers, and scholarly journals? How might an Internet search engine help you research this issue? What evidence might you find on this issue from reliable statistical resources such as US Census Bureau data, the Centers for Disease Control, or Statistical Abstract of the US?

    Ramage Chapter 6: Moving your Audience

    ENG 102 1PM

    REVIEW LOGOS, ETHOS, & PATHOS


    Logos Focuses on the quality of the message Focuses on the internal consistency and clarity of the argument and on the logic of its reasons and support Ethos Focuses attention on the credibility of the writer Conveyed through the writers investment in claim; through fairness when considering alternative views; through tone, style, grammar, mechanics, & citations Pathos Focuses on values and beliefs of intended audience Emotional appeal

    HOW CAN ONE CREATE EFFECTIVE ETHOS?

    Be knowledgeable about issue Be fair Build a bridge to the audience Demonstrate professionalism

    HOW CAN EFFECTIVE PATHOS BE CREATED?

    Use concrete language Use specific examples & illustrations Use narratives Use words, metaphors, and analogies with appropriate connotations

    WHAT IS KAIROS? Timing, appropriateness, and proportions of a message A letter to the editor of a newspaper only has a one or two day window before a current event becomes old news

    IN-CLASS ACTIVITY

    Listen to Seusss Butter Battle Book 1. As you analyze the argument from the perspective of kairos, answer the following questions: a. What is the motivating occasion for this argument? That is, what causes this writer to put pen to paper or fingers to keyboard? b. What conversations is the writer joining? Who are the other voices in this conversation? What are these voices saying that compels the writer to add his or her own voice? How was the stage set to create the kairotic moment for this argument? c. Who is the writers intended audience and why? d. What is the writers purpose? Toward what view or action is the writer trying to persuade his or her audience? e. To what extent can various features of the argument be explained by your understanding of its kairotic moment? 2. Now analyze the same argument for its appeals to logos, ethos, and pathos. How successful is this argument in achieving its writers purpose?

    FOR FRIDAY

    Definition Essay Rough Draft

    Read Hacker Chapters 8 & 36

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