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  • Annular Velocity

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    Miguel Velazco
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    Annular velocity is the speed of fluid flowing up the annulus between the drill pipe and the borehole wall. It must be high enough to transport cuttings from the wellbore, but not too high to avoid causing hole damage. Annular velocity is affected by factors like mud properties, pump rate, borehole diameter, and drill pipe diameter. There are formulas to calculate annular velocity based on these factors.

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    Annular velocity is the speed of fluid flowing up the annulus between the drill pipe and the borehole wall. It must be high enough to transport cuttings from the wellbore, but not too high to avoid causing hole damage. Annular velocity is affected by factors like mud properties, pump rate, borehole diameter, and drill pipe diameter. There are formulas to calculate annular velocity based on these factors.

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    372 views4 pages

    Annular Velocity

    Uploaded by

    Miguel Velazco
    Annular velocity is the speed of fluid flowing up the annulus between the drill pipe and the borehole wall. It must be high enough to transport cuttings from the wellbore, but not too high to avoid causing hole damage. Annular velocity is affected by factors like mud properties, pump rate, borehole diameter, and drill pipe diameter. There are formulas to calculate annular velocity based on these factors.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    Annular velocity is the speed of fluid moving up the annulus and it must be high enough to transport cuttings generated

    while drilling from the wellbore. However, if the annular velocity is too high, it can create hole wash out and excessive equivalent circulating density.When the drilling mud is circulated through a system, the moving speed is lower at location where the cross section area is bigger. Conversely, when the fluid flows through the small cross section area, the annular velocity at that point is higher. The cross section area around drill collar and BHA has the smallest area so the annular velocity is the highest.

    (Annular velocity around drill collar and BHA) On other hand, the area around drill pipe has the biggest cross sectional area, hence, the speed of fluid around the drill pipe area is smallest.

    (Annular velocity around drill pipe) The annular velocity around drill pipe must be used to determine if it is good enough for hole cleaning because it is the lowest velocity in the wellbore. If the annular velocity around the drill pipe is good enough for hole cleaning purpose, it will definitely be sufficient for hole cleaning around drill collars, BHA and tool joints. If you have some formations which can be easily washed out, you need to look at the annular velocity around drill collars, BHA and tool joints. The size of drill collars and BHA should be reduced if the flow rate can cause excessive wellbore erosion. To adequately transport the cuttings from the wellbore, the annular velocity is affected by mud properties, rate of penetration, mud types, formation types, hole angle, size of cuttings, etc. A formula for the annular velocity in an oilfield unit is shown below:

    Where

    Va = annular velocity, ft/min Dh = hole diameter, inc

    Q = flow rate, gallon per minute Dp = outside diameter of drill pipe, inch

    Annular Velocity (AV) is how fast of fluid in annulus is traveling. Three main factors affecting annular velocity are size of hole (bigger ID), size of drill pipe (smaller OD) and pump rate. This post will show you how to calculate annular velocity in feet per minute with different formulas. Formula#1: Annular velocity (AV) in ft/min Annular velocity in ft/min = Flow rate in bbl/min annular capacity in bbl/ft Example: Flow rate = 10 bbl/min Annular capacity = 0.13 bbl/ft AV = 10 bbl/min 0.13 bbl/ft AV = 76.92 ft/mim Formula#2: Annular velocity (AV) in ft/min Annular velocity in ft/min = (24.5 x Q) (Dh2 Dp2) where Q = flow rate in gpm Dh = inside diameter of casing or hole size in inch Dp = outside diameter of pipe, tubing or collars in inch Example: Flow rate (Q) = 800 gpm Hole size = 10 in. Drill pipe OD = 5 in. AV = (24.5 x 800) (102 52) AV = 261 ft/mim Formula#3: Annular velocity (AV) in ft/min Annular Velocity in ft/min = Flow rate (Q) in bbl/min x 1029.4 (Dh2 Dp2) Example: Flow rate (Q) = 13 bbl/min Hole size = 10 in. Drill pipe OD = 5 in. AV = 13 bbl/min x 1029.4 (102 52) AV = 178.43 ft/min You also can back calculate how much flow rate you want for desired annular velocity in feet per minute as per following formulas. Flow rate required in gpm = (AV in ft/min) x (Dh2 DP2) 24.5 AV = desired annular velocity in ft/min Dh = inside diameter of casing or hole size in inch Dp = outside diameter of pipe, tubing or collars in inch

    Example: Desired annular velocity = 120 ft/mm Hole size = 10 in Drill pipe OD = 5 in. Flow rate required in gpm = 120 x (102- 52) 24.5 Flow rate required in gpm = 367.4 gpm Moreover, you can calculate strokes per minute (SPM) required for a given annular velocity in feet per minute as well. The idea is to use the formula above and devided by pump output in bbl/stk. Lets review the fomula. SPM = (AV in ft/min x annular capacity in bbl/ft) pump output in bbl/stk AV = desired annular velocity in ft/min Example Desired annular velocity in ft/min = 120 ft/min Dh = 12-1/4 in. Dp = 4-1/2 in. Annular capacity = 0.1261 bbl/ft Pump output = 0.136 bbl/stk SPM = (120 ft/mm x 0.1261 bbl/ft) 0.136 bbl/stk SPM = 111.3 spm

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