Manual Fluke Biomedical 175
Manual Fluke Biomedical 175
Users Guide
07/07
Notices
All Rights Reserved
Copyright 2007, Fluke Biomedical. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language without the written permission of Fluke Biomedical.
Copyright Release
Fluke Biomedical agrees to a limited copyright release that allows you to reproduce manuals and other printed materials for use in service training programs and other technical publications. If you would like other reproductions or distributions, submit a written request to Fluke Biomedical.
Technical Support
For application support or answers to technical questions, either email [email protected] or call 1-800-648-7952 or 1-425-446-6945.
Claims
Our routine method of shipment is via common carrier, FOB origin. Upon delivery, if physical damage is found, retain all packing materials in their original condition and contact the carrier immediately to file a claim. If the instrument is delivered in good physical condition but does not operate within specifications, or if there are any other problems not caused by shipping damage, please contact Fluke Biomedical or your local sales representative.
Return Procedure All items being returned (including all warranty-claim shipments) must be sent freight-prepaid to our factory location. When you return an instrument to Fluke Biomedical, we recommend using United Parcel Service, Federal Express, or Air Parcel Post. We also recommend that you insure your shipment for its actual replacement cost. Fluke Biomedical will not be responsible for lost shipments or instruments that are received in damaged condition due to improper packaging or handling. Use the original carton and packaging material for shipment. If they are not available, we recommend the following guide for repackaging: Use a double-walled carton of sufficient strength for the weight being shipped. Use heavy paper or cardboard to protect all instrument surfaces. Use nonabrasive material around all projecting parts. Use at least four inches of tightly packed, industry-approved, shock-absorbent material around the instrument. Returns for partial refund/credit: Every product returned for refund/credit must be accompanied by a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number, obtained from our Order Entry Group at 1-800-648-7952 or 1-425-4466945. Repair and calibration: To find the nearest service center, go to www.flukebiomedical.com/service, or In the U.S.A.: Cleveland Calibration Lab Tel: 1-800-850-4606 Email: [email protected] Everett Calibration Lab Tel: 1-888-993-5853 Email: [email protected] In Europe, Middle East, and Africa: Eindhoven Calibration Lab Tel: +31-402-675300 Email: [email protected] In Asia: Everett Calibration Lab Tel: +425-446-6945 Email: [email protected]
Certification
This instrument was thoroughly tested and inspected. It was found to meet Fluke Biomedicals manufacturing specifications when it was shipped from the factory. Calibration measurements are traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Devices for which there are no NIST calibration standards are measured against in-house performance standards using accepted test procedures.
WARNING
Unauthorized user modifications or application beyond the published specifications may result in electrical shock hazards or improper operation. Fluke Biomedical will not be responsible for any injuries sustained due to unauthorized equipment modifications.
Manufacturing Location
The 175 Electrical Safety Analyzer is manufactured in Everett, Washington by Fluke Biomedical, 6920 Seaway Blvd., Everett, WA, U.S.A.
Table of Contents
Chapter
1
Title
Page
1-1 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-6 1-7 1-10 1-11 2-1 2-3 2-4 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-6 2-7 2-8 2-9 2-10 2-10 2-10 3-1 3-3 3-3 3-3 3-4 3-4 3-5
Introduction and Specifications.............................................. Introduction .......................................................................................... Simplicity.......................................................................................... Versatility ......................................................................................... General Safety Considerations.............................................................. Symbols ............................................................................................ Warnings and Cautions ..................................................................... Key Features ......................................................................................... Instrument Familiarity .......................................................................... Specifications........................................................................................ Accessories ........................................................................................... Operation .................................................................................. Preliminary Steps.................................................................................. Preparing the Analyzer for Use......................................................... Verifying the Power Outlet Connections .......................................... Measuring Line Voltage ....................................................................... Measuring Device Current.................................................................... Measuring Chassis Grounding Resistance ............................................ Measuring Leakage Current.................................................................. Ground Leakage Current................................................................... Chassis (Enclosure) Leakage Current ............................................... Point-to-Point Measurements................................................................ Leakage Current................................................................................ Resistance ......................................................................................... Maintenance and Service ........................................................ Maintenance.......................................................................................... Avoiding Damage ............................................................................. Cleaning............................................................................................ Service and Calibration......................................................................... Packing Instructions.......................................................................... Shipping............................................................................................
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List of Tables
Table
1-1. 1-2. 1-3. 1-4.
Title
Symbols ................................................................................................ Components and Controls of the Analyzer ........................................... Standard Accessories ............................................................................ Optional Accessories ............................................................................
Page
1-4 1-8 1-11 1-12
List of Figures
Figure
Title
Page
1-1. Fluke Biomedical 175 Electrical Safety Analyzer ................................ 1-7 2-1. Block Diagram of a Typical DUT......................................................... 2-3
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Chapter 1
1-1
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1-2
Introduction
The Fluke Biomedical 175 Electrical Safety Analyzer, hereafter referred to as the Analyzer, is a portable instrument used for the evaluating the basic electrical safety of electrical systems, medical devices and physiological instrumentation. Its compact handheld size makes it an ideal addition to a service technicians or engineer's toolbox for that after-service test, as well as serving as a bench top instrument for the laboratory.
Simplicity
The Analyzer is simple to use. A single master function switch, directly labeled with the test to be performed, leads the user through a complete measurement procedure. A single range meter for each measurement avoids potential erroneous readings. The Analyzer utilizes simple, yet sophisticated, electronics for true-rms measurement of current and voltage. Input impedance uses the AAMI ES11993 or IEC 601-1 test load to compensate for high frequency components in the measurement. Resistance measurements are made with a four-wire Kelvin bridge to eliminate errors due to cable length and connector resistance.
Versatility
Unique to the Analyzer is its capability to make a broad range of point-to-point measurements. These include leakage current and/or voltage gradients and resistance between two points. Thus the Analyzer provides the additional versatility for evaluation of electrical systems, system installation, separate components, transducers, and conventional leakage current measurements. Note For point to point measurements, optional accessory cables must be purchased.
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Symbols
Table 1-1 describes the symbols used in association with this instrument.
Table 1-1. Symbols Symbol W X Y Description Important information; refer to manual. Hazardous voltage Hazardous voltage Do not dispose of this product as unsorted municipal waste. Go to Flukes website for recycling information. IEC Measurement Category I CAT I equipment designed to protect against transients in equipment on circuits not directly connected to MAINS. Under no circumstances should the terminals of the Analyzer be connected to any MAINS voltage.
~
CAT I
1-4
XW Warning
To avoid possible electrical shock or personal injury, follow these guidelines: Disconnect all patient connections before connecting the device to be tested to the analyzer. Continued connection may jeopardize patient safety by possible application of measurement currents. Ensure the mains installation current rating is adequate for the device under test to avoid overloading the mains installation.
W Caution
To avoid possible damage to the Analyzer, follow these guidelines: Perform the dual lead leakage test only with an optional black test lead with the clamp with the red insulation (Fluke Biomedical part numbers 2392448 or 2231563) in the jack labeled DUAL. Using a black test lead with the clamp with the black insulation in the DUAL jack may result in a blown internal fuse and false readings of 000 to 002 A, requiring the unit to be returned for servicing. Ensure that the power requirements for the DUT are within the capabilities of the Analyzer, labeled as 15 A at 120 V ac and 10 A at 240 V ac. The Analyzer requires that adapter cables match the appropriate connector for line voltages other than 120V. Do not leave the device under test connected and drawing high load current for extended periods. The Analyzer is not designed for continuous measurements and may overheat.
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Always pause in the off (middle) position when switching polarity from normal to reverse. Inductive loads of the device under test may create high voltage transients when trying to reverse the direction of current flow instantaneously.
Key Features
Power line integrity Line voltage Instrument current Grounding resistance via 4-wire method Ground leakage current Enclosure (chassis) leakage current Voltage gradients Device-to-device resistance Device-to-device leakage current True-rms measurement
1-6
Instrument Familiarity
The Analyzer is shown in Figure 1-1, and Table 1-2 describes its labeled components.
1 2 7
O OK UTL ET
9
1 ELE75
R PO EV L
CT RIC
AL
SA
FE TY AN A
LYZ ER
3
12 TS OL 0V 15 AM P OP EN RE
15 TYPA 250 ET V
10 12 11
AL DU
CH
AA MI
D D GN SE O CL
AS SIS
D GN EN OP ET TL AL OU RM
6 5 4
fdx01.eps
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Users Guide Table 1-2. Components and Controls of the Analyzer Label Name Power Cord Function Supplies power to the Electrical Safety Analyzer and to the device under test (DUT); the measurement circuits are energized when the power cord is plugged into an outlet. There is no on/off switch.
Outlet Indicators Verify the polarity and wiring of the outlet to which the Analyzer is connected; only correctly wired outlets should be used. Not applicable to isolated power systems Test Receptacle Supplies power to the DUT; this outlet is powered if the OUTLET switch is set to NORMAL or REVERSED and the NEUTRAL switch is CLOSED. Outlet Switch If in the center off position, there is no power to the device under test receptacle. This switch permits testing with both NORMAL (forward) and REVERSED polarity of the line. It is recommended that the switch be paused in the center OFF position before changing polarity.
W Caution
To avoid possible damage to the switch and to avoid blowing the internal pico fuse, pause the three-position switch in the OFF position.
Neutral Switch
Permits making leakage current measurements under the OPEN condition as required by UL and IEC Permits opening the ground to the device for leakage current measurements
Ground Switch
1-8
These are line V ac, instrument current, grounding resistance, ground (internal) and chassis (external) leakage currents. A DUAL position is provided to measure leakage current between two points or ground wire resistance between two points.
H I
Selects either AAMI ES-1 1993 or IEC 601-1 input impedance and frequency response of all leakage current measurements This is a large, inch, high-contrast LCD, 3digit display of the measured parameter. This will read up to 1999 with decimal points added where required. Provides the DUT receptacle overload protection Provides the means for inputting the chassis cable with its clip for connection to the DUT chassis or enclosure The chassis ground resistance is measured with the FUNCTION switch in the RESISTANCE position, and the chassis leakage current is measured in the CHASSIS position.
J K
Dual Connector
Used to make point-to-point measurements with optional leads available for purchase For leakage and voltage measurements, the black cable with the clamp with black insulation is attached to the CHASSIS connector, and the black cable with the clamp with red insulation is connected to the DUAL connector. For point-topoint resistance measurements, the black cables with the clamps with black insulation are attached to the DUAL and CHASSIS connectors.
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Specifications
The following are specifications for the Analyzer.
Line Voltage
Range ..................................................................... 90 240 V ac 50/60 Hz Accuracy................................................................. 3 % of reading, 1 LSD
Load Current
Range ..................................................................... 0 19.99 A Accuracy................................................................. 5 % of reading, 1 LSD
Ground Resistance
Range ..................................................................... 0 2.00 Accuracy................................................................. 1 % of reading, 1 LSD Range ..................................................................... 2.01 19.99 Accuracy................................................................. 3 % of reading, 1 LSD Current source........................................................ 10 mA dc Type........................................................................ 4-wire bridge
Leakage Current
Range ..................................................................... 0 1999 A Accuracy: DC and 25 Hz to 1 kHz....................................... 1 % of reading, 3 LSD 1.0 kHz to 100 kHz ............................................. 2.5 % of reading, 3 LSD 100 kHz to 1 MHz............................................... 5 % of reading, 3 LSD Type measurement ............................................ True rms Impedance.......................................................... 1000 , AAMI ESI 1993, or 1000 , IEC 601-1
Current Capacity
Line 90 to 140 V ac ................................................ 15 A; max. on time 10 min Line over 140 V ac ................................................. 10 A
1-10
Current Consumption
ESA 175................................................................. 0.1 A @ 120 V 60 Hz
Environmental
Operating Temperature ......................................... 15 40 C Storage Temperature............................................. -20 50 C Relative Humidity................................................... 80 % max. at temperatures up to 31 C, decreasing linearly to 50 % at 40 C Mains voltage range .............................................. 90 to 240 V ac
Accessories
The following are accessories for the Analyzer. To order, contact your Fluke Biomedical equipment dealer and use the Fluke Biomedical part numbers provided. Table 1-3 lists standard accessories shipped with the Analyzer; Table 1-4 lists optional accessories.
Table 1-3. Standard Accessories Description Users Guide 8-foot black cable with large clamp with black insulation Quantity Shipped 1 1 Part Number 2185754 2392409
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Users Guide Table 1-4. Optional Accessories Description 8-foot black cable with large clamp with black insulation (used for dual lead resistance) 16-foot black cable with large clamp with black insulation 8-foot black cable with large clamp with red insulation 16-foot black cable with large clamp with red insulation Soft carrying case 220 V Adapter kit Part Number 2392409
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Chapter 2
Operation
Contents Preliminary Steps ......................................................................... Preparing the Analyzer for Use ................................................ Verifying the Power Outlet Connections.................................. Measuring Line Voltage............................................................... Measuring Device Current ........................................................... Measuring Chassis Grounding Resistance ................................... Measuring Leakage Current ......................................................... Ground Leakage Current .......................................................... Chassis (Enclosure) Leakage Current....................................... Point-to-Point Measurements....................................................... Leakage Current ....................................................................... Resistance ................................................................................. Page 2-3 2-4 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-6 2-7 2-8 2-9 2-10 2-10 2-10
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Preliminary Steps
The Analyzer measures electrical parameters, as described below. These voltages and currents are a natural phenomenon, and their presence within reasonable limits does not constitute a hazard. However, it is necessary to measure their values to determine if there is a significant change from previous measurements or from the device specifications. Figure 2-1 is a block diagram of a typical line-operated instrument with patient connections. All measured parameters are labeled, and the following topics are keyed to the labels in the diagram.
CL ZI
IL
IA
II
IP
Enclosure
Earth
fdx02.eps
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2.
Plug the Analyzer into a properly rated power outlet. The Analyzer is equipped with a hospital-grade power plug. Grounding reliability can be achieved only when the Analyzer is connected to an equivalent power receptacle marked "Hospital Grade." Grounding is important for personnel safety and when making some of the tests offered by the Analyzer. Do not circumvent this step for any reason.
OK
Correct wiring
Reverse polarity
Open ground
Open hot
Open neutral
Hot / ground reversed
2-4
Operation Measuring Line Voltage Note Review all power outlets that do not indicate "correct wiring" and have them corrected by a qualified electrician. If the line is found faulty, correct the problem before proceeding. If the line checks OK, plug the device to be tested into the Analyzer's line receptacle.
W X Warning
To avoid electrical shock due to faulty DUT, DO NOT touch the metal chassis, any accessible conductive part, or terminal of the DUT with mains power applied until all applicable tests have been completed and the product is verified as compliant. Keep fingers behind guards on supplied test accessories and/or remove power from the DUT before making necessary connections.
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2.
With the OUTLET switch in the NORMAL position and the DUT turned on, the meter continues to display line voltage, but under the load of the device being tested. Depending on the device's operating current and the electrical supply wiring, the voltage differential may be significant. Check the value under load against the device's ratings to ensure that the actual value remains within prescribed limits. An excessive drop may indicate that the current carrying capacity of the line is insufficient to maintain the required voltage.
3.
Operation Measuring Leakage Current the GROUND wire in the power cable and is directly proportional to its length.
XW Warning
To avoid possible electrical shock or personal injury, run this test before any other test that might place potentially hazardous voltages and currents on the chassis of a miswired or broken device. To measure chassis grounding resistance: 1. Connect the standard cable (supplied with unit) that has a black cable with the clamp with black insulation to the CHASSIS connector on the front panel of the Analyzer. Clamp the clip of the cable to the DUT exposed chassis or the enclosure, if conductive. Resistance is measured between the clip on the black chassis cable and the grounding pin receptacle of the Analyzer. Ensure that bare metal is reached and that both jaws of the clip are in contact with the chassis. Metal labels or incidental conductive hardware should not be used for this test. If a non-conducting enclosure is used and no chassis is readily accessible, a safety ground terminal can be used. 3. Once connection is made, rotate the FUNCTION switch to - RESISTANCE and read its value directly from the meter in ohms, up to 19.99 . Note The OUTLET switch should be in the OFF (center) position for this measurement.
2.
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W Caution
To avoid possible damage to the Analyzer, always pause in the off (middle) position when switching polarity from NORMAL to REVERSE. Inductive loads of the device under test may create high voltage transients when trying to reverse the direction of current flow instantaneously.
2-8
1.
W Caution
To avoid possible damage to the Analyzer, always pause in the off (middle) position when switching polarity from NORMAL to REVERSE. Inductive loads of the device under test may create high voltage transients when trying to reverse the direction of current flow instantaneously.
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Point-to-Point Measurements
The Analyzer provides the capability of making point-to-point leakage current resistance measurements between selected points, otherwise known as a duallead measurement. Note Additional optional accessory cables must be purchased to perform these tests.
Leakage Current
Leakage Current between two points is also measured for permanently installed equipment as additional verification of the integrity of the installation. These measurements are equivalent, as the relationship between volts and current across 1,000 is one mV per A. To measure leakage current between two points: 1. 2. Isolate the measurement circuit from ground; do not plug any device into the Analyzer's receptacle. Connect the black cable with the clamp with black insulation to the CHASSIS connector and the black cable with the clamp with red insulation to the DUAL connector. Set the FUNCTION switch in the DUAL position. Clip the two cables to the two points for which the leakage current is to be measured. The meter displays the leakage current between the two points to 1999 A. The number displayed is also the voltage gradient in millivolts between the two points based on a volt meter with an input impedance of 1000 .
3. 4.
Resistance
Resistance measurements between two points are made to verify the integrity of permanently installed equipment whose ground cannot be broken to measure the chassis leakage current. These are usually high-power devices that can have high leakage currents and depend on the bonding of all chassis to a common point for safety.
2-10
Operation Point-to-Point Measurements To measure resistance between two points: 1. 2. 3. Disconnect any device attached to the Analyzer instrument receptacle. Turn off any electrical devices to be tested. Connect two black cables with clamps with black insulation to the CHASSIS and DUAL connectors, and clip onto the two points to be measured.
4. 5.
Set the FUNCTION switch to - RESISTANCE, and the display will show the resistance between the two points. To compensate for possible dc components in the leakage current flowing between the two points, reverse the two clips and average the readings.
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Chapter 3
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Maintenance
The Analyzer requires little maintenance or special care; however, it is a calibrated measuring instrument and should be treated as such. The following describes how to maintain the Analyzer.
Avoiding Damage
Do not drop the instrument or subject it to any mechanical abuse that could cause a shift in the calibrated settings. W Caution To avoid damage to the Analyzer or adverse affects on its performance, do not expose the system to temperature extremes. Ambient temperatures should remain between 15 C and 40 C.
Cleaning
Clean the exterior of the Analyzer occasionally with a cloth dampened with a mild detergent solution. Take care to keep liquids out of the device. W Caution To avoid damage to the Analyzer or adverse affects on its performance, clean it only with a clean, lint-free cloth dampened with a mild detergent solution. Do not spray liquids on or immerse the unit. Carefully wipe down the cables and inspect them for damage and deterioration of the insulation. Check the cable connections for integrity of the cable clamp and strain relief.
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Packing Instructions
If repairs are required, return the Analyzer to the factory or the nearest service center, as follows: 1. 2. Before returning the Analyzer for factory service, contact the Fluke Biomedical Service Center for a required Return Authorization Number. Provide the following information: 3. The Analyzer serial number The specific steps that reproduce the problem A daytime phone number Your name/company A fax number (if available)
Pack the instrument carefully, using the original packing materials. If the original packing materials are not available, refer to Return Procedure for a list of preferred materials or contact Fluke Biomedical for
3-4
replacement packing. Failure to pack the instrument properly could void your warranty.
Shipping
1. Place the Return Authorization Number in a prominent place on the outside of the packing box, and refer to the number in any correspondence with Fluke Biomedical Service. Enclose your return address and Return Authorization Number. Insure the unit for full retail value and ship to the nearest Fluke Biomedical service center.
2. 3.
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Appendices
Appendix A
Title
Page
Abbreviations............................................................................... A-1
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Appendix A
Abbreviations
Abbreviations
The following list includes abbreviations used in this document.
A ANSI AAMI BLU BPM dB C CQM DMM DUT EEPROM ECG ESU EUT F GRA GRN Hz ampere American National Standards Institute Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation blue (color) beats per minute decibel degrees Celsius (centigrade) Contact Quality Monitor digital multimeter device under test electrically erasable PROM electrocardiograph or electrocardiogram Electrosurgery Unit equipment under test degrees Fahrenheit gray (color) green (color) hertz
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Users Guide in J k kg kHz k lb LED LCD M MHz M m m mA mm mV p-p REM s YEL A V inch Joules kilo (103) kilogram kilohertz kilohm pound light-emitting diode liquid crystal display meg(a) (106) megahertz megohm meter milli (10-3) milliampere millimeter millivolt peak-to-peak Return Electrode Monitor second yellow (color)
-6 micro (10 )
A-2