Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Objectives
Review of Autism Spectrum Disorders Discuss best practice in ASD diagnosis Review R i components t of f a multidisciplinary ltidi i li evaluation Age related issues in assessment Red Flags g
Autistic Disorder
Difficulties with social interaction. Difficulties with communication. Very limited pretend play play. Occurs prior to age three years. Often have stereotyped behaviors behaviors. May have restricted interests and activities. Subgroup may have experienced regression.
Asperger Syndrome
Difficulties with social interactions interactions. Presence of communication issues, but more subtle than those seen in autistic disorder. Restricted R t i t d interests i t t and d activities. ti iti Intelligence ranges from average to well above average.
PDD-NOS
Diagnosis made when a child does not meet the criteria for a specific diagnosis (Autism Asperger). (Autism, Asperger) There is generally a severe and pervasive impairment in communication social interactions, communication, interactions or restricted interests.
Best Practice:
Psychology
Inflexibility with routines and difficulty with transition Motor Mannerisms (hand flapping, rocking, spinning, complex body movements, finger flicking, twisting) Fascination with parts of objects
Cognitive Measures
Stanford Stanford-Binet Binet Intelligence ScaleScale Fifth Edition
Age 2+
Leiter-R
Non-verbal test of intelligence
Behavioral Checklists
Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist Achenbach Teacher Report Form Anxiety, A i t Depression, D i ADHD measures as needed
Conners Parent Rating Scale- Revised: Long Version, Screen for Anxiety Related Disorders, Beck Youth Inventory Inventory, Child Depression Inventory, Youth Self Report Form
Communication
Receptive & Expressive Language Skills: Wh t are we l What looking ki for? f ? General language level Strengths and weaknesses Split S lit in i receptive ti and d expressive i language l skills
ASD: often higher expressive language skills than receptive language skills
Receptive & Expressive Language Skills Measures Preschool Language Scale Fourth Edition (Ages birth to 6 years, 11 months) Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals Preschool 2 (Ages 3 years years, , 11 months) ) to 6 y Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test Fourth (Norms for ages g 2 years, y , 6 months Edition ( to 90 years)
Lack of appropriate gaze; warm, joyful expressions with gaze; lack of recognition of mothers voice; disregard for vocalizations, yet keen awareness of f environmental i l sounds; d delayed d l d onset of f babbling b bbli past 9 months; and decreased or absent use of prespeech gestures (Johnson & Myers, 2007)
Referral
Discuss concerns with family Recommend follow-up with pediatrician Evaluation E l ti with ith multi-disciplinary lti di i li team, t if appropriate
References
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). ed ) Washington, Washington DC: Author. Author Goldstein, S., Naglieri, J. A., & Ozonoff, S. (Eds.). (2009). Assessment of autism spectrum disorders. New York: The Guildford Press. Johnson, C. P., Myers, S.M., & The Council on Children with Disabilities. (2007). Identification and evaluation of children with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics, 120, 1183-1215. Koegel, Koegel L. L K., K Koegel, Koegel R., R & Smith, Smith A. A (1997). (1997) Variables related to differences in standardized outcomes for children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 27, 233-243. Ozonoff, S., Rogers, S. J., & Hendren, R. L. (2003). Autism
Resources
Autism Society y of America
www.autism-society.org Click on Resources then Downloads
Resources
Ohio Center for Autism and Low Incidence Disorders
www.ocali.org www ocali org Click on Resources
Questions?