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  • PC Graph Rational Function

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    Hector R.
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    The document outlines how to graph rational functions of the form f(x)=p(x)/q(x) and describes that the x-intercepts are the real zeros of the numerator p(x), there are vertical asymptotes at the real zeros of the denominator q(x), and the graph will have a horizontal asymptote if the degree of the numerator is less than or equal to the degree of the denominator. It also provides examples of graphing specific rational functions where the degree of the numerator is less than, equal to, and greater than the degree of the denominator to illustrate the different characteristics and behaviors of the

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    Notes by Dr. David Archer teacher of Calculus at Andress High

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    The document outlines how to graph rational functions of the form f(x)=p(x)/q(x) and describes that the x-intercepts are the real zeros of the numerator p(x), there are vertical asymptotes at the real zeros of the denominator q(x), and the graph will have a horizontal asymptote if the degree of the numerator is less than or equal to the degree of the denominator. It also provides examples of graphing specific rational functions where the degree of the numerator is less than, equal to, and greater than the degree of the denominator to illustrate the different characteristics and behaviors of the

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pps, pdf, or txt
    367 views8 pages

    PC Graph Rational Function

    Uploaded by

    Hector R.
    The document outlines how to graph rational functions of the form f(x)=p(x)/q(x) and describes that the x-intercepts are the real zeros of the numerator p(x), there are vertical asymptotes at the real zeros of the denominator q(x), and the graph will have a horizontal asymptote if the degree of the numerator is less than or equal to the degree of the denominator. It also provides examples of graphing specific rational functions where the degree of the numerator is less than, equal to, and greater than the degree of the denominator to illustrate the different characteristics and behaviors of the

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pps, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    Gra ph ing

    a
    Ration al Func tion

    MATH PR OJECT
    GRAPHING RATIONAL FUNCTIONS
    CONCEPT
    GRAPHS OF RATIONAL FUNCTIONS
    SUMMARY

    Let p (x  ) and q (x ) be polynomials with no common factors other 


       

    than 1.The graph of the rational function

    p (x ) a m x m + a m – 1x m – 1 + … + a 1x + a 0


    f (x ) =           =
           

    q (x )
     
    b n x n + b n – 1x n – 1 + … + b 1x + b 0
           

    has the following characteristics. 

    1. x ­ intercepts are the real zeros of p (x ) 
     

    2. vertical asymptote at each real zero of q (x )  

    3. at most one horizontal asymptote
    GRAPHING RATIONAL FUNCTIONS
    CONCEPT
    GRAPHS OF RATIONAL FUNCTIONS
    SUMMARY

    p (x ) a m x m + a m – 1x m – 1 + … + a 1x + a 0


    f (x ) =           =
           

    q (x )
      b n x n + b n – 1x n – 1 + … + b 1x + b 0
           

    3. at most one horizontal asymptote at each zero of q (x )   

    • If m < n, the line y = 0 is a horizontal asymptote. 

    am
    • If m = n, the line y =        is a horizontal asymptote. 
     

    bn  

    • If m > n, the graph has no horizontal asymptote. Its end 
    a m  x m – n .
       behavior is the same as the graph of y =         

    bn  
    Graphing a Rational Function (m < n)

    Graph y = 4 . State domain


    x 2 + 1 and range.
    SOLUTION

    The numerator has no zeros, so there


    is no x-intercept.

    The denominator has no real zeros, so


    there is no vertical asymptote.

    The degree of the numerator (0) is less than the degree of the
    denominator (2), so the line y = 0 (the x-axis) is a horizontal asymptote.

    The bell-shaped graph passes through (–3, 0.4), (– 1, 2), (0, 4), (1,2),
    and (3, 0.4). The domain is all real numbers; the range is 0 < y ≤ 4.
    Graphing a Rational Function (m = n)

    2
    Graph y = 3x .
    x2 – 4
    SOLUTION

    The numerator has 0 as its only zero,


    so the graph has one x-intercept at (0, 0).
    The denominator can be factored as
    (x + 2)(x – 2), so the denominator has
    zeros at 2 and – 2. This implies vertical
    asymptotes at x = – 2 and x = 2.

    The degree of the numerator (2) is equal to the degree of the denominator (2),
    am
    so the horizontal asymptote is y = = 3.
    bn
    Graphing a Rational Function (m = n)

    2
    Graph y = 3x .
    x2 – 4

    To draw the graph, plot points between


    and beyond vertical asymptotes.

    x yy
    To the left of –4 4
    x = – 2
    –3 5.4
    –1 –1
    Between x = – 2
    and x = 2 0 0
    1 –1
    To the right 3 5.4
    of x = 2
    4 4
    Graphing a Rational Function (m > n)

    2
    Graph y = x – 2x – 3 .
    x+4

    SOLUTION

    The numerator can be factored as ( x – 3)


    and ( x + 1); the x-intercepts are 3 and –1.

    The only zero of the denominator is – 4, so


    the only vertical asymptote is x = – 4 .

    The degree of the numerator (2) is greater than the degree of the denominator (1),
    so there is no horizontal asymptote and the end behavior of the graph of f is the
    2 –1
    same as the end behavior of the graph of y = x = x.
    Graphing a Rational Function (m > n)

    2
    Graph y = x – 2x – 3 .
    x+4
    To draw the graph, plot points to the
    left and right of the vertical asymptote.

    x yy
    –12 – 20.6
    To the left of
    x = – 4 –9 –19.2
    –6 – 22.5
    –2 2.5
    0 – 0.75
    To the right of
    x = – 4 2 – 0.5
    4 0.63
    6 2.1

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