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    The Romantic era in music spanned from the 1820s to 1900s. This period saw major developments including a focus on emotion and individuality in music, as well as nationalism. Musical forms became more complex and expressive with features like extended development sections, complex rhythms, and dramatic dynamics. Important genres included opera, art songs, character pieces for piano, symphonic poems, and concertos that highlighted the virtuosity of soloists. Composers in Germany, Italy, France, and Russia made significant contributions to music during this era.

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    The Romantic era in music spanned from the 1820s to 1900s. This period saw major developments including a focus on emotion and individuality in music, as well as nationalism. Musical forms became more complex and expressive with features like extended development sections, complex rhythms, and dramatic dynamics. Important genres included opera, art songs, character pieces for piano, symphonic poems, and concertos that highlighted the virtuosity of soloists. Composers in Germany, Italy, France, and Russia made significant contributions to music during this era.

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    180 views4 pages

    Romantic Era

    Uploaded by

    Edfeb9
    The Romantic era in music spanned from the 1820s to 1900s. This period saw major developments including a focus on emotion and individuality in music, as well as nationalism. Musical forms became more complex and expressive with features like extended development sections, complex rhythms, and dramatic dynamics. Important genres included opera, art songs, character pieces for piano, symphonic poems, and concertos that highlighted the virtuosity of soloists. Composers in Germany, Italy, France, and Russia made significant contributions to music during this era.

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    ROMANTIC ERA (ca.

    1820s 1900s) The word romantic came from romance, the translation of the French word roman a long narrative HISTORICAL BACKGROUND French revolution (1789-1799) US Civil war (1861-1865) End of Napoleonic wars (1804-1815) created confusion and poverty Industrial revolution Population expanded, people flocked to the cities Development of musical instruments CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PERIOD The Romantic era is often referred to as a revolt against the artistic and philosophical principles of the previous century. Music of the era is imaginative, revolutionary, emotional, full of contrasts and strongly individualistic Hallmarks of the era: love, freedom of form and spirit, individuality, originality, nationalism Depiction of emotion A fascination of the supernatural and sinister Interest in nature Music was also inspired by literature

    MUSICAL DEVELOPMENTS Greater tension and stronger climaxes in music The flourishing of the virtuoso composers The opening of music conservatories Music was brought to large concert halls Music became a lucrative business Choral societies were formed Music was included in public education Music festivals proliferated Instruments were more accessible and cheap Printed music became cheaper Musicians rarely stayed in one country to compose and perform Germany and Austria produced numerous composers and attracted foreign students and performers Italy dominated opera. Paris and Russia became opera centers too. A number of women composers were recognized America was still an importer of musician.

    ELEMENTS OF ROMANTIC MUSIC 1. MELODY - melody ranges from short to long, flowing, singable and lyrical. Phrases were less balanced - increased chromaticism 2. RHYTHM - greater complexity, contrasting rhythms, irregular patterns - use of syncopation - tempos are specific with the use of metronome markings - the use of crescendo, riterdando and accelerando - tempo rubato means borrowed or stolen time. (the time taken from the beat is repaid later) 3. HARMONY - increased dissonances creating greater tensions, dissonant chords on strong beats - harmonic resolutions were delayed - tonalities are weakened with chromaticism - frequent modulations 4. TEXTURE - homophonic texture (one melody dominates over an accompaniment) remained - accompaniment patterns are complex - use of counter melodies and sometimes polyphonic texture as in the fugue 5. TIMBRE - piano is the principal keyboard instrument - greater use of percussions - growth of the orchestra 6. DYNAMICS - more dramatic - louder levels of sound 7. FORM - classical forms continued but more complex - development sections are longer - free- forms (or through-composed) became popular ROMANTIC VOCAL MUSIC 1. Opera Germany became an operatic center with composers such as Weber and Wagner Italy dominated by Rossini, Verdi, Puccini. France produced the operas of Berlioz and Bizet. Russia produced works by Tchaikovsky and the Russian Five light opera intended for the general masses that includes speaking dialogues

    2. Operetta

    3. Song

    Exponents: Johann Strauss, Jaques Offenbach, Arthur Sullivan This theater form led to the musical comedy or simply musical the 19th century was the age of songs Lied is the German term for song (lieder - plural form) Composers of lieder includes Schubert, Wolf, Schumann, Brahms composition of masses continued especially the Requiem ROMANTIC INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC

    4. Mass

    1. Concert Overture

    a one-movement independent piece for orchestra Evolved out of the operatic overture Frequently inspired by literature music for possible inclusion in the performance of a drama Likened to film music or background music for film the term is applied to instrumental music inspired by a non musical idea Types of Program Music

    2. Incidental Music 3. Program Music

    a. Symphonic Poem or Tone Poem

    a 1 movement piece for orchestra longer than the concert overture. It consists of sections distinguished form one another by differences in mood, instrumentation, thematic material, rhythm, or by any technique devised by the composers fertile imagination. This is introduced by Franz Liszt. has multi movements arranged according to programmatic principles. Berlioz was the leading exponent.

    b. Program Symphony

    4. Concerto

    most romantic concertos retained the traditional 3 movements It is the vehicle of the virtuoso. More lyrical melodies and high level of technique is required Cadenzas were written out by composers Concertos for different solo instruments were produced. moved out from private chambers to the concert halls More intimate and sensitive kind of playing Heavier texture and very demanding technique and musicianship sonatas continued to be composed but in a more complex form Other forms flourished such as: fantasy, ballade, nocturne, etude, impromptus, berceuse, barcarolle, rhapsody, etc.

    5. Chamber Music

    6. Piano Solo Music -

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