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C-Dot Max
C-Dot Max
INDEX
C-DOT MAX 1
C-DOT SBM/MBM
Chapter1
C-DOT MAX 2
1.2. BASIC GROWTH/BUILDING MODULES
C-DOT DSS MAX exchanges can be configured using four basic modules (Fig.
1.1)
• Base Module
• Central Module
• Administrative Module
i) BASE MODULE
The Base Module (BM) is the basic growth unit of the system. It interfaces
the external world to the switch. The interfaces may be subscriber lines,
analog and digital trunks, CCM and PBX lines. Each Base Module can interface
upto 2024 terminations. The number of Base Modules directly corresponds to
the exchange size. It carries out majority of call processing functions and, in
a small-exchange application, it also carries out operation and maintenance
functions with the help of the Input Output Module.
In Single Base Module (SBM) exchange configuration, the Base Module acts as
an independent switching system and provides connections to 1500 lines and
128 trunks. In such a configuration, the Base Module directly interfaces with
the Input Output Module for bulk data storage, operations and maintenance
functions. Clock and synchronization is provided by a source within the Base
Module. It is a very useful application for small urban and rural
environments.
With minimum modifications in hardware through only one type of card, a
Base Module can be remotely located as a Remote Switch Unit (RSU),
parented to the main exchange using PCM links.
C-DOT MAX 3
ii) CENTRAL MODULE
Central Module (CM) consists of a message switch and a space switch to
provide inter-module communication and perform voice and data switching
between Base Modules. It provides control message communication between
any two Base Modules, and between Base Modules and Administrative Module
for operation and maintenance functions. It also provides clock and
synchronization on a centralized basis.
IOP interfaces various secondary storage devices like' disk drives, cartridge
tape drive and floppy drive. It supports printers and upto 8 serial ports for
C-DOT MAX 4
video display units which are used for man- machine communication
interface. All the bulk data processing and storage is done in this module
Thus, a C-DOT DSS exchange, depending upon its size and application,
consists of Base Modules (maximum 32), Central Module, Administrative
Module, Input/Output Module and Alarm Display Panel. The Base Modules can
be remotely located or co-located depending on the requirement.
Only the even numbered BMs can be configured as RSU i.e. a maximum 16
RSUs are possible in C-DOT DSS MAX-XL and 8 RSUs in MAX-L.
C-DOT MAX 5
1.3. SYSTEM FEATURES
1.3.1 GENERAL FEATURES
This section includes system features related to the CTOD DSS MAX. They
are:
TYPES OF SERVICES
The CDOT DSS of different capacities can be put to use at various switching
nodes in the telecommunication network.
MAX
Main Automatic Exchange MAX is expandable to large capacities of order of
2000 lines or beyond. The MAX may have Remote Modules (RM) and Remote
Line Concentrators (RLC) connected to it.
RAX
Rural Automatic Exchange (RAX) is a small exchange and is expandable upto
2000 lines capacity. Single Base Module configuration (i.e. CDOT SBM RAX
with or without concentration) comes under the RAX category.
TYPES OF APPLICATION
The system can be put to the following applications:
Replacements
The exchange can serve as replacement of an existing switching system due
to be phased out from the network.
C-DOT MAX 6
New Exchanges
Wherever new exchanges are opened, the CDOT DSS MAX can provide the
switching network within the existing telecom network.
Extensions
The capacity of an existing CDOT switching system can be increased. For
example if the capacity of an existing CDOT exchange is 512 points, it can be
increased, to say, 4000 lines.
TYPE OF SYSTEM
The system is Stored Programme Controlled (SPC) which makes it possible to
work in attended/non-attended type of working environment.
TYPE OF NETWORK
The switching network within the system is 4-wire digital.
TYPE OF COMPONENTS
The different type of components used include integrated circuits, miniature
relays, PCB, etc. The connecting scheme between various modules emphasis
connectorised hardware.
C-DOT MAX 7
LEVEL 9 POINT TO POINT STD
Digit 9 is used for getting access to the Strowger STD tandem for point-to-
point subscriber dialled calls. In CDOT DSS, ‘9’ is used for checking STD
barring etc.
MAXIMUM 16 DIGIT RECEPTION FROM TRUNKS
The system has a provision to receive a maximum of 16 digits from a trunk.
MAXIMUM 40 DIGIT RECEPTION FROM SUBSCRIBERS LINES
The system has a provision to receive a maximum of 40 digits from the
subscriber’s line. A typical case when so many digits could be expected in
CDOT DSS is in case of credit card calling or when the facilities of “Dialling
by Equipment Number” is used etc.
PREFIX 00 FOR ISD THROUGH TAX
Code 00 is used as access code for ISD calls through TAX. In early phases of
ISD working in India, a second dial tone after dialling 00 was fed and was to
be followed by further digits. The scheme has changed now. CDOT DSS
provides for both the schemes of working, with second dial tone and without
second dial tone.
The digits 00 are used when checking for ISD barring; similarly, for near ISD
barring checks, digits 09 are used.
C-DOT DSS provides for this type of working also if needed. The digits 900
are used in CDOT DSS for checking ISD and near ISD restrictions (combined).
C-DOT MAX 8
VARIABLE LENGTH DIRECTORY NUMBER OF SUBSCRIBERS
The national number of a subscriber in India can have a maximum of 9
significant digits (i.e., excluding the access code 0). It includes the trunk
code for the area to which the local exchange of the subscriber belongs and
his directory number within the local exchange/local area. The director
number can vary from 3 to 7 digits (including exchange code). CDOT DSS
supports this numbering scheme fully.
VARIABLE LENGTH ROUTE CODE
The access codes for various routes may be of variable length (1 digit to 12
digits). The trunk (ISD) codes allotted for the area are handled in the same
way as other “routes” in CDOT DSS therefore, trunk codes of 2 to 7 digits
length, required in India, can be supported in CDOT DSS.
NORMAL LINE
Line resistance including subscriber’s instrument may go upto 1200 ohms for
which minimum 30 mA loop current is guaranteed. Insulation resistance
between ‘a’ wire (or ‘b’ wire) and ground or between ‘a’ and ‘b’ wires may
be as low as 20K ohms.
C-DOT MAX 9
ORDINARY LINE
A subscriber may have an ordinary telephone instrument connected to
his/her line.
C-DOT MAX 10
FIG 1.1
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C-DOT MAX 11
Chapter 2
2.1 CDOT SYSTEM CAPACITY
2.1.1 INTRODUCTION
The capacity of C-DOT DSS is defined in terms of the following parameters:
• .The termination capacity expressed as the number of lines and trunks
• The amount of traffic (in Erlangs) that can be switched
• The number of Busy Hour Call Attempts (BHCA) that can be processed with
a given call-mix while meeting the overall service quality requirements
C-DOT MAX 12
Base Module and Line Module are the highest level of system elements Each
Base Module has four Terminal Units whereas a Line Module has six Terminal
Units.
Table 2.1
C-DOT MAX 13
F ISDN-PRI Card One PRI (30B+D) Interface i.e. 30 B-
2 Terminal Unit (TU):
16 Analog Terminal Cards (LCC/ CCM/
A Analog TU (ATU) TWT/ EMF) to support any
combination of Lines & Trunks in
B Digital TU (DTU) Four 2-Mbps E-1 links as CAS/ CCS7
C #7 Signalling Unit Module 64 Nos., #7 Protocol
256 Bearer Channels to be configured
D ISDN Terminal Unit (ISTU)
as BRI, PRI or any combination
3 Base Module (BM):
480 Analog Subscribers. A maximum of
A Base Module (Line) 256 B-Channels for ISDN interface can
be provided at the cost of 128
768 Analog subscriber lines. A
B Line Module (LM) maximum of two LMs connected with
BM supports 2024 lines.
C BM (Analog Trunks) 488 Analog Trunks
D BM (Digital Trunks) Fifteen 2-Mbps E-1 links as CAS/ CCS7
Three possible configurations as 360
E BM (Analog + Digital)
AT+ 4 PCMs/ 232 AT+ 8 PCMs/ 104 AT+
Table-2.2
Termination Capacity of Exchange Configurations
C-DOT MAX 14
Ideal configuration to support 40,000
lines and 5,500 trunks with 20 Line BMs
i) MAX-XL and 12 Trunk BMs. The trunk capacity
can be increased by 450 at the cost of
2,000 subscribers or vice versa.
Ideal configuration to support 20,000
lines and 2,700 trunks with 10 Line BMs
ii) MAX-L and 6 Trunk BMs. The trunk capacity can
be increased by 450 at the cost of 2,000
subscribers or vice versa.
Remote Switching Unit 2,000 subscriber lines. Trunk interface at
3
(RSU) the cost of subscriber lines.
4 Multi-Base Module TAX 14,500 Trunks
Note: out of the total equipped capacity, a maximum of 30,000 lines may be
remote subscribers through RSUs in MAX-XL whereas 14000 lines may be
Remote Subscriber through RSUs in MAX-L.
This figure is based on the ideal traffic of one Erlang per switched circuit.
But the actual traffic carrying capacity of one switched path is always less
than one in practical application. Accordingly capacities are reduced to not
less than 7,500Erlangs incase of MAX-XL and to 3800 in case of MAX-L
exchanges.
Note: For some of the sites already commissioned with one of the first three
configurations, overall BHCA handling capacity may be lower due to use of old
processor cards.
C-DOT MAX 16
2.1.6 SYSTEM RELIABILITY
The C-DOT DSS MAX is designed to meet the reliability standards as defined
in the specifications. The system uses fully digital techniques for switching
including the subscriber stage. The system is built using a minimal number of
standard units/modules which allow flexible growth of the exchange and
easy upgradation in technology and new features.
C-DOT MAX 17
2.2 SUBSCRIBER FEATURES
2.2.1 INTRODUCTION
The C-DOT Digital Switching Systems offer a wide range of telephony features and
supplementary services. Further capabilities can be developed to meet specific
customer needs. Due to mandatory requirement of exchange of messages between
the switching systems and user's equipment, some of the services are exclusively
offered to ISDN-subscribers. In case of few of the services offered to PSTN and ISDN
subscribers, the implementation of services to PSTN subscribers may be partial and
invocation procedure may also differ.
The subscriber services provided by C-DOT DSS MAX exchanges for PSTN
(Analog) as well as ISDN subscribers are-explained as per their logical
grouping:
C-DOT MAX 18
exchange may indicate to the called user that the calling user identity is
unavailable due to restriction.
iii) Calling Line Identification Restriction Override (CLIRO)
Subscriber with CLIRO as terminating facility instead of CLIP, receives the
call with the calling line identification even if the calling party has
requested that his (the calling party's) identification should not b« presented
to the called user.
The CLIRO facility is offered at the discretion of the administration to special
category subscribers like the police, hospitals, operator positions and other
emergency centres.
iv) Malicious Call Identification (MCID)
This facility is used for ascertaining the origin of malicious calls. During
conversation the subscriber has to use suitable procedure to notify the
exchange about the malicious call. The detail of the call is recorded in the
exchange which can be retrieved later on. If the caller is from an exchange
which does not support identification of calling line, "junction identity" is
found and an "identification request" may be sent to the originating exchange
by tee exchange personnel.
C-DOT MAX 19
ii) Call Forwarding Busy (CFB)
This service permits the served user to request the exchange to forward all
incoming calls to other number if the served users number is not free. The
served user's originating service remains unaffected.
i) Call Waiting
A subscriber engaged in an existing call, is given an indication (Call Waiting
tone or ZIP tone) that another caller is attempting to connect to his number.
The caller will hear ring back tone. By flashing the hook-switch the called
subscriber can talk with either party while keeping the other on hold
(acceptance without clearing). If the called subscriber replaces his handset
in response to the tone (acceptance by clearing), the exchange will
automatically extend ring to the subscriber and re-establish the connection
on answer with the party waiting.
C-DOT MAX 20
Multi-Party Services
i) Three party conference
The three party call service enables the served user to establish,
participate in, and control a simultaneous communication involving the
served user and two other parties. The served user can request to convert
two party conversation into a three party conference. During the three
party conversation, the served user can disconnect one party, disconnect
the 3-way conversation or choose to communicate privately with one of the
parties, in which case the call to the other party is held.
When the CONF service is invoked, the serving local exchange allocates
conference resources to the served user and add any existing call indicated
by the served user to the conference. On successful invocation of
conference the served user becomes the 'conference controller'. The
conference Controller may then add, drop, isolate, and reattach parties
from the conference. The conference controller can also hold and retrieve
the conference (e.g. to add parties) and finally end the conference.
Miscellaneous Services
C-DOT MAX 21
ii. Hot Line (Without Time-out)
This service is also referred a Fixed Destination Call - Immediate. This allows
a subscriber to establish calls to a pre-registered number by just lifting the
handset. In this service such a connection is set up immediately upon lifting
the handset, hence the subscriber cannot dial normal outgoing calls.
Incoming calls are not affected by this service.
C-DOT MAX 22
v. Intrusion Barring Service
For reasons of call security in terms of fully undisturbed call, subscriber can
avail of intrusion barring facility. This can be useful, for example, when data
transmission is being effected on the line.
C-DOT MAX 23
x. Distinctive Ringing for Long Distance Calls
The PSTN subscribers are connected different ringing cadence to inform
them that this call is a long distance STD/ISD call.
C-DOT MAX 24
Group Line Supplementary Services
Miscellaneous Services:
9 To move the terminal from one socket to another within the same
basic access.
C-DOT MAX 26
9 To suspend the will and subsequently resume it at the same terminal
& socket.
9 To replace one terminal by another compatible terminal at the same
socket
9 To move the call from one terminal, to another compatible terminal
at the same basic access.
This service is used only in the active phase of a call and not in the call
establishment and clearing phases. In addition the service shall
independently apply to the calling and called user.
C-DOT MAX 27
Chapter 3
Hardware Architecture
3.1 GENERAL
C-DOT MAX 28
9 Provision for local switching and metering in stand alone mode
of Remote Switch Unit as well as in case of Single Base Module
Exchange (SBM-RAX)
For these functions, the Base Module hardware is spread over different types
of Units.
(Ref. fig. 3.1)
The Analog Terminal Unit (ATU) is used for interfacing 128 analog
terminations which may be lines or trunks. It consists of terminal cards which
C-DOT MAX 29
may be a combination of Line Circuit Cards (LCC), CCB with Metering (CCM)
cards, Two Wire Trunk (TWT) cards, E&M Two wire (EMT) Trunk cards and
E&M Four wire (EMF) trunk cards, depending upon the module configuration.
Also, provision has been made to equip Conference (CNF) card to support
“six party” conference, Announcement (ANN) to support 15 user-friendly
announcement messages, and Terminal Test Controller (TTC) for testing of
analog terminations. Power Supply Unit (PSU-I) provides logical voltages and
ringing current in the ATU.
The 8-bit digital (voice) output of four LCCs is multiplexed to form a 32-
channel, 2 Mbps PCM link - also called a terminal group (TG). Since a
Terminal Unit has a maximum of 16 terminal cards, there are four such
terminal groups. The signalling information is separated by a scan/drive logic
circuit and is sent to the signalling processor on four different scan/drive
signals. The LCC/CCM also provides test access relay to isolate the exchange
side and line side to test it separately by using the Terminal Test Controller
(TTC).
C-DOT MAX 30
Signalling Processor (SP) Card
Signalling Processor (SP) processes the signalling information received from
he terminal cards. This signalling information consists of scan/drive functions
like origination detection, answer detection, digit reception, reversal
detection, etc. The validated events are reported to Terminal Interface
Controller for further processing to relieve itself from real-time intensive
functions. Based on the information received from the Terminal Interface
Controller, it also drives the event on the selected terminal through
scan/drive signals.
C-DOT MAX 31
Announcement Controller (ANN) Card provides 15 announcements on
broadcast basis. Only one service card of each type is equipped in a Base
Module with provision of fixed slot for TTC and variable slots for CNF/ANNC.
Each interface occupies one TG of 32 channels and four such interfaces share
4 TGs in a Digital Terminal Unit. The functions performed by TIC and SP in
Analog Terminal Unit, are collectively performed by the Terminal Unit
Controller (TUC) in the Digital Terminal Unit. The scan functions are - HDB3
to NRZ code conversion, frame alignment and reconstitution of the received
frame. The drive functions include insertion of frame alignment pattern and
alignment information. Each interface can be configured as CAS or CCS
interface.
C-DOT MAX 32
3.2.4. ISDN - Terminal Unit (ISTU) (Ref. Fig. 3.2C)
One of the four ATUs/ DTUs in a BM can be replaced by ISTU to provide
BRI/PRI interfaces in C-DOT DSS. The only constraint is that ISTU has to be
principal TU i.e. directly connected to TSU on 8 Mbps PCM link. The
ATU/DTU cannot be used in concentration with ISTU. By equipping one ISTU
in the exchange, a max. of 256 B channels are available to the administrator
which can be configured as BRI, PRI or any mix as per site requirement.
Depending on the requirement of number of ISDN-Interfaces, one or more
ISTUs can be integrated in C-DOT DSS, either in one BM or distributed across
different BMs. For details, refer chapter no. 4.
BPC controls time switching within the Base Module via the Base Message
Switch and the Time Switch Controller. It communicates with the
Administrative Processor via Base Message Switch for operations and
maintenance functions. In a SBM configuration, BPC directly interfaces with
the Alarm Display Panel and the Input Output Module.
C-DOT MAX 33
To support 8,00,000 BHCA, the BPC card is replaced by High performance
Processor Card (HPC). It is pin to pin compatible for hardware and also for
software so that they are interchangeable at any site to meet specific traffic
requirement.
C-DOT MAX 34
TERMINAL UNIT-1
1
(TU-1)
TERMINAL UNIT-2
2
(TU-2)
TERMINAL UNIT-3
3
(TU-3)
TERMINAL UNIT-4
4
(TU-4)
BASE PROCESSOR UNIT
5
(BPU)
TIME SWITCH UNIT
6
(TSU)
NOTE: TU CAN BE ATU, DTU, ISTU or #7SU WITH ONLY EXCEPTION THAT TU-4
SHOULD BE ATU IN CASE OF LINE BM AND ANALOG TRUNK BM
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
S S
P P
P P
T C T T T C
S T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T S
I / U U I /
U C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C U
C I I I C I
I I
S S
P P
C-DOT MAX 35
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
D
P D D D D D D D P
T T T T T
S T T T T T T T S
U U U U S
U S C S C S C C U
C I I C 3
I 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 I
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
P P I I I I I I
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
S S T C I I C T
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
U U C C C C C C
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
1 2 0 0 0 1 1 1
C-DOT MAX 36
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
H H
P P
P P S S S S T T S S S S P P
B C T T C B
S S H H H H U U H H H H S S
M / U U / M
U U M M M M I I M M M M U U
E B C C B E
1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4 3
P P
C C
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
H H
P P
P P
B C C B
S S
M / / M
U U
E B B E
II II
P P
C C
C-DOT MAX 37
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
P S S P
T M M A M M T T T T T T T T M M A M M T
S C C S
G F F F S S S S S S S S S S S S F F F G
U I I U
A C C B D C I M C S S C M I C D B C C A
II C C II
C-DOT MAX 38
C-DOT MAX 39
C-DOT MAX 40