Token: Nineteenth Century
Token: Nineteenth Century
NINETEENTH CENTURY
TOKEN COINAGE
OF
'.
M^ A#Y
PERIOD
BY
W.
Inspector of Factories to
DAVIS
Queen
_
Numismatic Societies
Member of the London and British " Author of " The Token Coinage of Warwickshire
Victoria
LONDON
PRINTED
AND SONS AT THE DRYDEN PRESS LONG ACRE TO BE HAD OF SPINK AND SON PICCADILLY \V. CORNISH BROTHERS BIRMINGHAM AND SIMMONS AND WATERS LEAMINGTON SPA
BY
J.
DAVY
I9O4
INDEX TO INTRODUCTION.
Token Authors,
p. vii.
First mention of a token.
Tokens
to
pay wages.
change.
Pledges of
Want of small
London
Lord Harrington's patent. Proclamation by the Dublin The Origin Lord-Deputy and Council. Farthings of Charles II. Stringent laws and History passed against tokens. Extract from an essay on tokens, 1644. State of Tokens. tne coinage during the Civil War. The Commonwealth pattern farthings. Farthings of Oliver Cromwell. Richard Cromwell. The D v jjj
issuing tokens.
II.,
money. Indifference of the Government. Proclamation by Queen Elizabeth making tokens unlawful
Petitions against
Day.
tokens.
Token
devices.
Evelyn's prediction.
Token
legends.
made
at
and quality of copper. Coinage neglected by George III., its debased state. Regal coinage almost extinctPower of governments. The 1797 copper coinage, and its influence. Council on the coinage, held at the Cock Pit. Money of necessity. Commerce and
Superiority in design
Cause and
Effect.
D.
tokens.
currency.
Eighteenth century tokens almost supersede the national copper Quantity of copper consumed in tokens. The forgery of
XV.
Government
orders.
Matthew Boulton
to strike
coinage.
the 1797 copper coinage. Pingo's penny of 1788. Perfection of the 1797 Restrikes. Traders make thirty per cent, profit on the issue of tokens. The trade
GovernPrice of copper, its effect on coinage. ment contract with Boulton. Copper coinage of 1799. Advertisements to defraud. Heavy Fluctuations in the price of copper. Pince's prices coins worth more when melted down. from 1800 to 1820. The Anglesea penny tokens. The expansion of trade. Copper coinage List of Soho productions in coins, tokens, and medals. of 1806, 1807, and of 1821. Why they appeared. Bank tokens, shilling and sixpence, of 1787. Yeo's shilling Spanish dollars Spanish dollars. of 1763, Dorrien and Magen's shilling of 1798. captured and carried from Plymouth to London. Forgery of counterNineteenth marks. Bank dollars of 1804. Complaints for the want of small silver
of counterfeiting, Colquhoun's treatise on.
Century
0:1
t_
,
' .
o xx H
"
Mayor of Newcastle-on-Tyne convenes meeting, 1807, to petition Parliament for a new silver coinage. The stoppage of the Bank of England. Directors of the Bank ridiculed. Commencement of nineteenth century silver tokens. Sir Edward Thomason on his production
coin.
"
of tokens.
questions.
The Earl
of Lauderdale's
Parliament and the country. The height of token popularity. Fereday's tokens. Token note found by H. B. Bowles. Protest against ten per cent, appreciation of dollars by the Bank of England. A criticism by "A Briton," Overseers', private bankers and tradesmen extensively circulate tokens.
in
Bank
of
England
and one
shilling
and sixpence.
Weight
of the tokens.
Price of silver in
Token
Decay.
p. XXViii.
coinage.
cival,
Number of Bank of England tokens issued. The demand for tokens in 1812. Value of a guinea in 1812. Pale fails to obtain permission to issue a new gold and silver Hon. S. PerJ. B. Monck issues a gold forty shilling token.
181
1.
vi
INDEX TO INTRODUCTION.
Government
indifference causes their appearance*
No
Petitions to
to
redress.
Scarcity of
small change.
Nineteenth
Qnp _ Tokfins ^
,
Onn
'
p.
XXX.
Debates in Parliament on the coinage. CPP er tokens suppressed by Act of Parliament 1817. Immunity preceding the Act. Character on design compared with eighteenth century work. Weight of tokens compared. Bogus companies varied The departure of tokens. The Dudley petition. Sir Edward devices. Littleton's Bill passed. Birmingham and Sheffield Overseers granted
Petition from
.
Birmingham.
extension of time.
The
silver
coinage of 181 7.
Montagu on
on token
collectors.
Want
of contemporary collectors.
Sharp
token
collectors.
George Chetwynd's
denomination
of.
sale of tokens.
The
increase of
Royal Proclamations of 1660, 1661 and Tokens pass current until 1679. Patent granted to Sir Thomas Armstrong. Protest by the Governor of Ireland. Irish St. Patrick's Halfpence, when circulated. The Tynwald Act. Butcher's Halfpence. The copper coinage of Charles II and James II. Gun Tokens. money. Copper coinage of William and Mary. Queen Anne ignores p. XXXV. the currency. Wood's Halfpence, weights compared. The Duchess The want of small money. Dean Swift on "raps." The Drapier controversy. of Kendal. Voce populi Halfpence and Farthings. McMinn's token. George II copper issues. Mossop's Pattern Penny. Bank of Ireland and Six Shillings token, weight compared with Bank tokens, Thirty, Ten and the English Dollar. Slap tokens. CounterFivepence Irish. The copper coinage of 1805. Private tokens. Wyon's pattern for One Penny. Ireland without copper coin for nearly marked forty years. The coinage of George IV. Tokens. Why issued. Silver a standard value. Copper countermarked D x
earliest Irish tokens,
The
1673.
Aquilla Smith on
money
of necessity.
tokens.
The custom
of countermarking.
Bankers receive permission to issue tokens. The act of 1812. Crowns and Dollars melted to make tokens. Meeting held in support of tokens. The extension of the Tokens Act. The Act of Suppression finally passed Tokens a an d p U t into force. Bank of England tokens. Wyon's Pattern NineParliamentary sanction.
Lawful Tender.
p.
xlii.
pence.
silver.
The
in tokens.
The
price
more silver coin. Tokens undated to avoid the final Act until the end of 181 5. The coinage of The weight of coins and tokens compared. 1 8 17 supplies public demands. Great Britain until the end of George III.'s reign. Ireland 1822. -p The Isle of Man 1831. Farthings and other pieces without date or tea. value expressed omitted. Several names on one token. Truck money P" x Vi excluded.
of silver from 1813 to 1816.
The
cry for
'
Acknowledgments,
p. xlvi.
INTRODUCTION.
The
men and
Seventeenth Century Tokens, issued by Corporations, tradesothers, were dealt with by William Boyne in his great and
laborious
book published in 1858. year 1889 saw the publication of G. C. Williamson's extended work, embodying the efforts of former writers, with original observations on numerous token issuers the result being a compilation which meets with general Token approval. Although it has not exhausted the Authors.
The
subject,
nor
dealt
with
every existing
token or
variety,
will not be superseded for it years to come. The Eighteenth Century Tokens, more than a century ago, received
from James Conder of Ipswich, and Charles Pye of Birmingham, a treatment which established a solid interest in them, and speaks volumes for the energy of collectors, who lived in an age which knew nothing of the facilities afforded either by railways, telegraphs, telephones, or a cheap and rapid postal service. During the following twenty or thirty years that interest appears collectors apparently were few and unenterto have languished prising, no further work upon tokens appearing until 1834, when Sir George Chetwynd commissioned Thomas Sharp, the Warwick;
and Nineteenth Century pieces. The catalogue was issued when Sir George was in the prime of life. The worthy numismatic baronet, by his personal acquaintance with James Conder, Charles Pye, Thomas and
Peter
collection of tokens
Chetwynd
Matthew Young, John Harding, William Till and other eminent collectors and dealers, had a vast knowledge of tokens, and this knowledge was embodied in Sharp's work for the advantage of
students.
b
vlii
INTR OD UC TION.
It remained, however, for James Atkins, in an exhaustive work on the Eighteenth Century Tokens, to bring together or focus the token issues of that period, and to show the great variety of dies and edge readings. A long period must elapse ere any want for a re-issue of the book in an extended form can make itself felt. The arrangement was the best that could be chosen thirteen years ago for even so recently tokens were buff little appreciated, and
;
In 1866, William
much
"
information,
Indeed,
there
the author
was
of the
same
I
my own
have not seen." In this brief review of the principal works relating to the old trading currencies, reference to local efforts should not be omitted. Indeed, the stimulus for standard works emanates from local zest. Akerman and Burn's London, Boyne's Yorkshire, Cotton's Worcestershire, Davis' Warwickshire, Golding's Suffolk, Simpson's Lincolnshire, Waters' South London, show the deep interest of the local antiquary in token coinages. The best authority on the laws respecting tokens, as on coins,
be others which
is
may
Ruding.
The
first
interesting.
He
mention of a token by this or any other author is says " I have met with an account of money struck, by this monarch, upon a material very different from those usually selected for coinage." He then
quotes the writer of the History of Allchester,
1622, as follows:
leathern
"King Edward (1272-1307), his money bearing his name, stamp and picCarnarvon, Beaumarish and
I
which he used
in the building of
Conway
can remember,
Castle."
Ruding continues
" If
the.
be correct, the above must have been rather tokens, or a kind of promissory note, than money."*
The anonymous
* Vide Ruding,
writer
was probably
correct, as,
by the subse-
INTRODUCTION.
ix
quent history of tokens, it will be seen that they were mainly used by tradesmen, and especially for paying the wages of workers. Ruding also informs us " that private tokens were used to supply the want of silver coins " at the commencement of the reign of Henry VIII (1509), or at the end of his father's; and he refers to Snelling, as mentioning that Erasmus spoke of " Plumbeos Anglic?" or tokens made of lead. As Erasmus visited England in 1497, and wrote Adagia, alluded to by Snelling, before he (on the invitation of Henry VIII) revisited this country in 15 10, it would seem that the leaden tokens were in circulation at the latter end of the monarchy of Henry VII.* There is historical evidence, that such contrivances were in vogue (1558-1603) in the time of Queen Elizabeth. Ruding tells " The use of private tokens for money, which were stamped by us inferior tradesmen, was at this time grown to such an excess as And Snelling f says to be the subject of frequent complaints." "they were made of Lead, Tin, Latten, and even of Leather. Of these base materials were found Farthings and Halfpence, to the great derogation of the princely honour and dignity, and the great loss of the poor, since they were only to be repaid to the shop from whence they were first received." Queen Elizabeth, for the ease of her subjects, caused "Pledges and Tokens" to be made of "pure and fine copper " to pass current as halfpence and farthings. The
:
:
copper coinage of Elizabeth was, however, only issued in Ireland. This would seem to have been the first recognition by the State of
anything resembling a copper currency since the Anglo Saxon styca. Several patterns for English copper coins made their appearance during Elizabeth's reign, but were not put into circulation. The people's want of a convenient and ready medium of ex-
The
when James
butchers,
(1603- 162 5)
came
to
vintners, chandlers,
and
issued
farthing
tokens
of lead.
in
Five pounds apiece in leaden Such was the dissatisfaction then prevailing, that the King granted, in 1613, a monopoly to John. Lord Harrington, of Exton, by
London
who
tokens."
* Vide Ruding,
t
View
of Copper Coinage," p.
2.
x
Letters Patent, to
INTRODUCTION.
make
"
of Copper
" to circulate in
The
mean
in
appearance, weighing only 6 to 8^ grains each, and were unpopular. This attempt to be rid of an old abuse gave rise to a new one.
In order to force these tokens into circulation, Lord Harrington had
been enjoined to give twenty-one shillings nominal value in tokens, This, Ruding says, " did for twenty shillings in sterling money. breed an inconvenience, because many, for the gain of twelve pence in twenty shillings, would take the tokens in great sums, and so with the same, and some money, pay handicraftsmen for their labour at the week's end." The abuse, however, gradually discontinued, but
not without the aid of a
A
at
similar proclamation
and Council,
provision,
Dublin, in
1622, in which
and the
I
(1625-1648) continued the use of these farthing tokens, but, unfortunately, with a return to the practice of exchanging them
Charles
twenty-one shillings for twenty shillings in sterling money, and often labourers were compelled to take their whole weekly wages in tokens. The murmurings of the people, on the renewal of the abuse, led to a decree that no one should pay above two pence in farthings to any person at one time. The forgery of the tokens had helped to " breed an inconvenience," and the most Notwithstanding, stringent laws were passed against the offenders. things went from bad to worse.
in the ratio of
tract,
published
in
1644,
The
author says
Our projectors soon found the advantage that accrued to a private tradesman by his farthings being sometimes lost, and, under pretence of the good of the subject and of the poor, obtained a patent to make thousands of pounds' worth ; and, amongst other ways to get rid of them, some merchants would sell unvendible commodities for tokens, and then would press them upon their workmen whom they dealt with, and by that means, even Their profit was exorbitant, as chandlers, bakers and victuallers had their hands full.
p. 9.
xi
out of 10 oz. of copper, which cost them one penny,* they made 20 pence in tokens. This could not hold long, but others, more eminent persons, must have a share, and so the first makers were dismissed, and their patents disannulled, and all the tokens left on the subjects' hands, who were to sell them to the braziers at 10 pence or 12 pence a pound, for they had a patent to distribute them, but the poor subjects had no patent to force the makers to take
them again.
The next token makers, we all know who they were, the public farthing token offices London do witness it, and this was done with a more large profit to the makers they had their officers to attend the sale of them daily, and had a pretty way to vent them, by giving one shilling over in twenty to those who came to buy them, which occasioned many to fetch them, and force 5, 10, yea 20 shillings at a time away so that in a short time there was an
in
;
;
dispersed abroad, to the excessive profit of the makers, but the excessive The City of London and the adjacent counties of Kent, Essex, Suffolk loss of the takers. and Norfolk were so loaded with them, that there was scarce any silver or gold coin left, but all was farthing tokens.
infinite quantity
coinage
During the troublesome times of the great Civil War, the fell back to its worst state, and a "petition of the poor"
was presented in the House of Commons, in 1644, complaining that "there was no exchange for their farthings, to their great damage, even to their utter undoing." There appears to be no record that any serious attention was given to the grievances complained of; but at this particular time, Charles I must be excused, if he gave a little more attention to the head on his shoulders than the copper
tokens of the period.
The Commonwealth
a copper coinage
;
(1648- 165 3) was prolific with patterns for the legends resembling more the token sentiment
;
such as
THE FARTHING TOKENS FOR THE RELEFE OF THE PORE ENGLANDS FARDIN FOR NECESSARY CHANGE \ OUNCE OF FINE PEWTR FOR NECESSARY CHANGE THE FARTHING TOKEN OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF ENGLAND These were more a pretence than an actual coinage, as the
great rarity of these farthings prove they were not generally circulated. Nor did Protector Cromwell (1653- 1658) recognise his
obligation to the people in the matter of small change
;
although on
some pattern farthings his effigy appears with legends, olivar pro eng sc irl thvs vnited invincible and on another reverse CHARITIE- AND CHANGE 1 65 I During the brief rule of Richard Cromwell (1658- 1660) there was no possibility of dealing with the question of a new coinage, all interest and attention being absorbed by the larger and more urgent
question of the Restoration of the Monarchy. Consequently, in that period, as in preceding years of Oliver's Protectorate, private tokens
*
silver
penny
is
here referred
to.
xii
INTRODUCTION.
known in the coinage history of England and Wales, and Ireland. At the Restoration, which brought Charles II to the throne
(1660- 1 684), one of the things the nation badly wanted, and which
the people hoped to secure,
was a sufficient supply of copper coin. This desire and hope seemed to be full of promise, as patterns for a farthing were made freely in the first year of the re-established thvs Monarchy. Among the legends were svch god loves THE VNITED INVINCIBLE TRUTH AND PEACE Alld On Others This pattern-making king's grace is the poores reliefe went on for some years it was seen that they were mere playre things, and there was no intention to come to the poores
liefe
and the substitution of Regal halfpence and farthings for the tokens then in use was pressed Sir William Parkhurst, in 1660, urged the on the Government. necessity for small money, to obviate the inconvenience of Tradesmen's tokens, and complained that the practice of coining tokens was so common that the implements to produce them were openly
relief,
sold.
The indifference of the King and his Parliament medium of exchange in the lower denominations of our
not only the cause
of,
to supply a
coinage was
retailers,
and
in
ready settlement. From 1660 to 1672 corporate and private tokens were freely coined and circulated without let or hindrance. As there was no
State prohibition, except which had
become
Indeed, in 1662, a
who
utter
first
Queen
for, in
1574,
INTRODUCTION.
xiii
clamation "forbid the making or using any such (private tokens) after the Feast of All Saints next (November ist) ensuing without
special
license
warrant or commission from Her Majesty." A special was granted by the Queen to the Mayor and Aldermen of
make
farthing tokens.
token issued
Mr. Williamson, in a note to the only Seventeenth Century " This is very in Scotland (Combes, Dunbar), says surprising ... as there seems to have been no special law in Scotland
:
From England
stating that
more than in England and Ireland." numerous protests and petitions, one "brass and copper tokens, pence, halfpence, and farthings,
there were
which the owners now refuse to receive back, saying they are exempted therefrom by His Majesty's pardon of such offenders" and praying " some means of redress to prevent their utter ruin." The devices on the tokens were many including tavern and shop signs, articles of dress sold by the issuers, implements of trade,
;
views of public
edifices,
Under
A
among
presumed
to
stamp and
Richard Bakewell, of Derby, in 1666, issued a valentine token, with two doves billing legend, good morrow VALINTINE
;
At Braintree, one Allen put forth a token with the legend, turne a penny, encircling a representation of a soldier. Sam Endon, of Macclesfield, put on his token, welcom YOV BE TO TRADE W TH ME An issuer, named Swindell, also of Macclesfield, had for his legend, sqvare dealinge is best His token was struck
xiv
INTRODUCTION.
Thomas
BUT
HIS
BRASS
states,
althovh
Thomas Thorpe, of Hepworth, in 1667, adopted the legend, HALFE PENNY THAT GOES TOOE AND FROE
collier's pick,
Edward Lewis, of Maideley Market, announces around madely wood yields coal thats good
Two remarkable Christian names, America and Amisist, occur in the family of Baggerley, at Thingden.
In 1652 a token was
TURTON
At
munion
Exeter, in 1651, Mary Moore put on her token a cup, with the legend, drink yee all of this
Com-
Richard Lucas, of Wycombe, declares (1670), around a lion rampant, rather dead than disloyal
The only token, throughout Great Britain and Ireland, where the issuer's name began with Z, was Francis Zacacy, who was a brewer in Limehouse, Middlesex.
On July 25th, 1672, there appeared in the London Gazette an advertisement " that it was his Majesty's pleasure that no person
for the future make, coin, or exchange, or use any Farthings or Tokens, except such as should be coined in his Majesty's Mint, his Majesty having given directions for the speedy making of a considerable quantity of farthings, to be made current for exchange of his Monies by his Proclamation." This proclamation was hailed with approval, but some had doubts, and were, from past experience and disappointment, not to be considered disloyal if they had but little confidence in the King's
or persons should
promise.
It transpired,
it
not been for the fulfilment of the undertaking by the issue of a copper
currency, worthy the
demand and
the times,
it
may be
questioned
if
As
was wanted
to restore con-
In 1674, Parliament at last recognised that the practice of private persons passing into circulation their own currency had become a
source of unfair profit to the few, an inconvenience and pecuniary
loss to the
cease.
On
the 15th of
December
of
INTRODUCTION.
that year
"
it
xv
who
should
make
base metals, with private stamps," would be prosecuted. The denominations of the new coinage were halfpenny and
farthing.
They were
The coins became at halfpenny was 175, the farthing 87^ grains. farthings turned at the Royal Mint the were out once popular, and The superiority of the coins in design, execution, in great numbers.
and weight, did more than any Act of Parliament or proclamation The supply of copper currency to stamp out tradesmen's tokens.
being
sufficient,
tokens disappeared.
coinage,
In the third
neglected
the
decade of King George III., who had grossly a token production and circulation was The debased state again brought into existence.
of the coinage justified
at least for a
it, and the result was that, few years, the regal copper coinage
Cause and
Effect.
became almost
has, in
extinct.
The
English Government
to do equitably which cannot done so well be and by private enterprise. It may be slow to recognise a danger or to perform a duty, but by virtue of its power it may set aside any attempt to usurp its authority. The issue of the approved copper
many
matters, the
power
public that
coinage of 1797 did completely that which was wanted to stamp out and this as effectively as the copper
;
coinage of Charles
II.
did in
its
day.
its
Had
resolve,
quoted below,
specie.
In consequence of a Council held at the Cock Pit (Whitehall) to take into consideration the present state of the copper coin of the Kingdom, Lord Effingham, who is Master Warden of the Mint, attended, and repeated the various representations that had been officially made to him, in order to prevent the present abuse of that species of coinage. It was then determined immediately to commence a new coinage and in order to put a total stop to counterfeit halfpence and farthings, which are now so great a burden to the public, it was resolved, that in the new arrangement one pound of copper should be made into 24
;
halfpence instead of 48, which has been the practice hitherto, and the farthings in the same proportion of size and weight.*
It
has been seen that tokens were brought into vogue from the
of the
neglect
coinage.
Governments of the times to provide a proper Like siege coins, they were a money of necessity this
;
condition alone
sufficiently justifying
1787.
xvi
INTRODUCTION.
ready circulation of
life.
money
is
one of the
essentials
of
commercial
caused the issue of a regal coinage of small value under Charles II, continued as need arose by his successors down to the second decade of George III, during which long period tokens disappeared
as needless.
The
lapse in the
for
responsible
the
revival of
XVII Ith
Sharp
The issue of these tokens became so vast that century. " said they almost superseded the national currency," which
is
statement
fact
that
used from 1787 to 1797 in the coinage of tokens in Birmingham, those struck in London, absorbing to which must be added
of metal. At the Royal Mint, prior to farthings only were made. By forgery and 1797, degraded. was debased and One-fourth this copper currency only of the halfpence, and scarcely one-tenth of the farthings, were struck As a consequence the people ignored them. On the at the Mint. other hand, the eighteenth century tradesmen's tokens were popular, containing as they did almost their nominal value in weight of metal. Soon, however, the fabricator's art was brought into requisition by manufacturers and traders. The public, especially the wage-earning class, were victimised by a token coinage almost as base as the coins supposed to be of Government issue. The question of the copper coinage was often before Parliament during this period, and although the Government had repeatedly promised to put it in order, it was not until 1797 that Matthew Boulton received instructions to strike the twopenny and penny pieces once so famous.
many
additional tons
halfpence
it is
for
which
still
remarkable
inasmuch
The
penny, prepared by Pingo in 1788,* not having been approved cannot be recognised. The copper coinage of 1797, struck at the Soho Mint possessed beauty of design, good quality and weight of metal, and was so excellently wrought as to defy the forger's art.
* Vide Montagu,
p.
104.
INTR OD UCTION.
xvii
contemporary counterfeit of Boulton's copper money of 1797 is known but, years after, dies from the Soho Mint came into the lawless hands, and brought his proof coins into disrepute deception did not consist in imitating them, but in striking from the
No
original dies,
or, as it is technically
termed,
"lapped."
Young, Till, and Taylor, the two former, dealers in coins and tokens, muled Boulton's dies somewhat extensively. Another influence in the disappearance of the token currency after 1797 was undoubtedly the avarice of some traders, who sought to make as much as 30 per cent, profit from the issue of their
tokens.
The
P.
counterfeiting of coin
was a
in "
was a
rolling mill in
London, well known, where all the dealers and coiners of base money resort for the purpose of having their plates prepared, from which, when finished, blanks were cut out of the size of the money to be counterfeited. He also said: "The artizans who stamp or coin these blanks into base money are seldom interested themselves. They work as mechanics for the large dealers, who employ a capital in the trade." Colquhoun estimated that the annual turnover of counterfeit coin was ,200,000, and states that " the great dealers execute orders for the town and country with the same regularity as
manufacturers
departs
parcels
in fair
branches of trade.
of base
from the Metropolis which does not carry boxes and coin to the camps, seaports, and manufacturing
of a copper currency, either by the
to a great extent, controlled
towns."
The maintenance
Crown
or
by the price of metal. In 1793 copper was ^105 per ton, a price the Government considered too high to justify a new coinage. In 1797 the Government undertook to supply Matthew Boulton with copper ingots
at
The
charge
struck.
sum, plus 4d., for every lb. avoirdupois of coins Eight twopenny pieces and sixteen pennies were to weigh lb. respectively, exactness being insisted on, so that the coins 1 might be useful as weights. The cost of the coinage was ^140 per
XV111
INTRODUCTION.
as a profit, out of which had and the distribution of the coins. This would leave but a small margin (if any) for Brassage. The nation was, however, secured against loss by the continued appreciation of copper. The Boulton " cart-wheel " penny was so heavy that an artizan who was paid his wages of 20s. in those coins would have to carry 15 lbs. in weight from the pay-table. Early in 1 799 the Government announced that a further contract had been made with Matthew Boulton for halfpence and farthings, at a rate of 36 halfpence and 72 farthings to the lb. This decrease in weight occasioned confusion and unrest, which was taken advantage of to defraud the public, and not without success, as attempts were made to bear the currency, which the following advertisement will show
ton, leaving the
6s. 8d.
Government g
acquaints his Friends, and those who have on hand Bad Halfpence, that he has received a quantity of Woollen Cloths, Kerseymeres and some Drapery Goods, which will be sold on Thursday, Friday and Saturday, by private Sale, half payment in Bad Halfpence, no Promissory will be taken, those who have quantities will find it worth
J.
Owen
their notice.*
Also Arts' Birmingham Gazette,\n March, 1799, contained an advertisement stating that " Base copper coin, that will not pass in this country, will be taken for eight days, and positively no longer as the ship sails in a few days after, and they cannot be taken afterwards."
:
issued this advertisement offered goods in what they called " base copper coin " knowing at the time that no order had been made either in Parliament or in Council. At the end of 1 799 the new coinage made its appearance and, while it did not give the same satisfaction as the 1797 issue, it was on the whole well received, and gave much relief to the com-
exchange
mercial classes.
still
increasing in value
indeed,
become, that the heavy Boulton coinage found its way into the melting-pot, to the profit of the metal workers at the
various centres of that industry.
"
Whenever
fat
copper happened to
ones."
As
will
made
the
By 1805 "the
INTRODUCTION.
disappeared,
xix
being worth,
in
nearly
one-third
tokens, of
their
value as coins.
1788, then
of
Second Qr.
S.
Thirc Qr.
S.
S.
Fourth Qr.
S. S.
Year.
s.
133 117
III
1800
1801 1802 1803 1804 1 805 1806 1807 1808 1809 l8lO
l8ll
Uncertain
I40
till
130 i 56 165 200 162 147 April 160 150 140 130 130 120 105 123
140
140
_
156 146 135
200
182 147
l6 5
120 a 130
'
None
till
December
140 130
130
85
Uncertain to Nov
~~
price
11
133
quality
No
>)
and even of a greater weight than the Boulton same fate. Through the continued expansion of trade, which brought the Nation an increased turnover, a greater need than ever was felt for a ready exchange, and the demand, instead of being a pleasure to the Government, was esteemed a trouble.
the
same
The Government
further supply
was,
however,
compelled
1806 and
;
to
provide
of small money,
and
in
1807
pennies
were issued representing 150 tons of metal halfpennies, 427^ farthings, 2i\ tons altogether 600 tons. tons There were 24 pennies, 48 halfpennies, and 96 farthings to the lb. avoirdupois. This order was the last which Boulton executed for copper coinage and, strange as may appear, no further issue of copper money made its appearance until 1821, when a farthing (by the famous artist Pistrucci) became current in the reign of George IV.
; ; ;
it'
The
extremely interesting
INTRODUCTION.
Struck at
<y#A#
-o
&als.
Emperor of Russia. General Suworow on his success in Italy. King's Preservation. Empress Catharine of Russia. Assassination of King of Sweden. In commemoration of British Victories. Restoration of King of Naples. Union with Ireland. Final interview of the King of France. On the Peace 1802. Execution of King of France. Serment du Roi. Execution of Queen of France. Lafayette. Prince and Princess of Wales on their J. J. Rousseau. marriage. Respublica Gallica. Marquis Cornwallis, on the peace with The Death of George III. Tippoo. Battle of Trafalgar. Earl Howe, on his Victory of the first Frogmore Medal. June. Prince Regent of Portugal. Hudson's Bay Company. Manchester and Salford Volunteers. Slave Trade abolished. Specitnen Prize Medal. Chareville Forest. Emperor Alexander of Russia.
Coins,
British Government.
{Twopenny
1797 \_Penny.
Piece.
# y11m i '^\Farthmg.
Hal
enn
~{Manx 79\Manx
Q
Penny. Halfpenny.
(Bank of England Dollar.") 4 1 Bank of Ireland Dollar. $ * 181 1. Proposed Bank of England Token.
1
Piece.
Foreign Governments.
1790. 5 Sols Pacte Federatifi. 1792. 5 Sols Hercule. 1822. Buenos
Ay res
Decimo.
Provincial Tokens.
1791 Anglesey Halfpenny. 1795 Bishop's Stortford do. do. 1791 Cornish do. 1789 Cronebane
1794. Inverness Halfpenny. do. 1794. Lancaster do. 1793. Leeds
. .
Dundee
do.
do. do. do.
London Penryn
do.
do.
do.
do.
Hornchurch
INTRODUCTION.
Colonial.
Bencoolen.
'4
xxi
Madras.
1794 \z 1803
f4 Faluce.
do.
Koping.
1804
,
3 Koping.
2
1
Koping. Koping.
20 10
5
1
Ca^.
do.
Bombay.
*
do.
Ceylon.
1804
(48
African Company.
/# 1
Rupee.
do. do.
g6 to 192 /<?
Miscellaneous.
1786
L
Sierra Leone.
100 Cent, or
50.
20.
.
Dollar
Piece.
do.
do.
1796
10.
1.
1
do. do.
Penny
Piece.
Bahama Halfpenny. 182 1. .S Helena Halfpenny. 1830. Guernsey 1 Double. Do. 4 Doubles. 1 83 1. Sincapore 1 Koping. 2 Koping. Do. 1809. Portuguese Dollar. Proposed Indian Coin 1 /*/. Do h do. Copper Company of Upper Canada Halfpenny.
. .
791. 1804.
1
Bermuda Penny.
&rize Medals
of various
Gollec/es;
Societies,
dec.,
of which
to
tneir order.
A
last this
renewal of the failure to supply coin, a token coinage the country has seen was taken in hand by traders, for gold,
Nineteenth
Century
Silver
Tokens.
and copper. The first Bank token coinage which appeared in this century was in 1804. No silver coins had been issued by the Royal Mint since the shilling and sixpence of 1787; indeed, this was the only silver coinage of George III
silver
The
1763,
shilling
xxii
INTRODUCTION.
be regarded as tokens rather than coins, as the former was struck for the Earl of Northumberland, limited to 2,000 pieces, and the latter minted in error, and forbidden circulation by an order in Council. Previous to the issue of the Bank dollar of 1804, Boulton and Watt, at their Soho Mint, had countermarked 3,744,583 Spanish
dollars.
The
less
On
4,
1799.
waggons, loaded with the treasure taken in the two Spanish frigates, reached the Bank from Plymouth. At 9 o'clock, the waggons arrived at Kensington, where they were met by a Captain's guard of the Grenadier battalion of the Guards, and the procession moved along Piccadilly, St. James's-Street, Pall Mall, the Strand, Fleet-street, and Cheapside as follows " Military Band of Music A Detachment of the guards A commissioner of the customs, and a lieutenant of the navy, on horseback Six waggons with the treasure, drawn each by eight horses " Each waggon had flags on it, the English surmounting the Spanish. Sailors rode on the outside of the waggons. "A detachment of the 16th regiment of light dragoons closed the procession. "The horses were decorated with ribbons. When the cavalcade reached the MansionHouse, the Lord Mayor, the Lady Mayoress, and the gentlemen of his household came out in front of the house, and drank from out of a gold cup, Success to the British Navy,' the band playing Rule Britannia, while the honest tars, who were regaled at the same time, gave his lordship three cheers. (Twelve or fourteen waggons more are since come up. The whole of the specie taken on board the two ships amounts to the vast quantity offorty tons.)"*
six
:
"This day
'
The
collected
forgery
of the
countermarks,
and of the
dollars,
had
become such
a scandal, that as
many genuine
pieces as could be
were sent to the Soho Mint, to be restruck by the new machinery invented and used there. The design had the bust of the king and his titles on the obverse, and, on the reverse, in an oval, Britannia with her attributes legend, bank of England five They were in striking contrast to the shillings dollar 1804silver crowns issued by previous monarchs, and welcomed on The new dollars were account of the paucity of silver coin. excellently well struck, and although they did not defy the forger's art, they supplied the public with a good medium of exchange. There were, however, great complaints, owing to the absence Silver was scarce, and the Government of coins of lesser values. did not see the importance of the question merely promising that
;
INTRODUCTION.
the matter should receive due attention, and that
to provide a
it
xxiii
was preparing
new supply of silver coin. From 1804 t0 181 1, no new coinage made
felt,
its
appearance.
The
and the old methods of the Bank of England, whose great idea was that a paper issue was enough to serve the public, had become antiquated. Maberly Phillips, Esq., F.S.A., recently informed the Institute of Bankers, that such was
were floating their promises to and publicans issued small notes which they could not redeem in specie, and so indorsed the drinks of the holder on the back until the debt was liquidated* In Ireland, we read of a country gentleman who had to abandon a dinner party he was to give, as no one would trust him with goods, or could give him change for a note." Archd. Reed, the Mayor of Newcastle-on-Tyne, in response to a numerously signed requisition, convened a meeting of the principal inhabitants of that city on the 13th July, 1807, to
poor, and the City Corporations,
pay,
petition Parliament for a
as to silver
and
copper
the
Bank
of England, since
stoppage of payment
also
in
797.
brought ridicule on themselves by adjusting the standard value of countermarked foreign coin, Commercial men cried in vain for a sufficient medium of This intolerable exchange, and the poor were alike inconvenienced.
Directors of the
strain
The
Bank had
was working
verifies the
its
way
literally
adage that necessity is the mother of invention. In 1 8 10, such was the contempt in which the Government was held on the question of the coinage, and the public indignation so great, that history repeated itself, and traders again, with public approval, resolved to supply a token coinage, in order to facilitate
the trading propensities of the Nation.
The Nineteenth Century Tokens proper commenced in 1804, by Clark, West & Co., of Dublin, and in 1809 with Bishop de Jersey & Co., of Guernsey, who commissioned Boulton and Watt to strike
* The italics are my own. Bruce's Licensing Act made the recovery of debts for drink consumed on the premises illegal, until which there was a custom to have drink, in slang phraseology, " on the strap." To clear the " strap " at the public house " hard by," workmen have been known to pay more than half their wages. W. J. D.
xx iv
INTRODUCTION.
In the following over dollars, their bank tokens for five shillings. were extensively forwarded Birmingham for great orders to year,
quantities of tokens in silver
in his
and copper.
Sir
Edward Thomason,
Memoirs, states
The copper and silver change, in the year 1810, became so extremely scarce and inconvenient throughout the country, that the demand for the manufacture of tokens, to enable the masters of manufactories and others to pay their workmen their weekly wages, was so great, that I had endless applications for both, as I was, at this period, making the silver crowns, half crowns, shillings and sixpences* for the Douglas Bank in the Isle of Man. And I manufactured, during this year, silver and copper tokens for Wales, Brecon, Gainsborough, and Newcastle-on-Tyne, and for many different establishments in the neighbourhood.
In 181
1,
and against
local tokens.
The
Earl of Lauderdale,
who
at the
time
was defending the issues of private tokens, wrote Thomason (afterwards Sir Edward) as follows
:
to
Edward
Lauderdale.
In his
letter, his
Lordship states
In the last Session of Parliament, I opposed the Bill, entitled An act to prevent the issuing and circulating ofpieces of gold and silver, or other metal, usually called tokens, except such as are issued by the Banks of England and Irela?id respectively. Much as I could wish for the credit and welfare of the country, that a general revision should take place of the principles upon which our circulation is now conducted, I was then, and am now, perfectly convinced that the measure of annihilating all local tokens in the month of March next, unless it should be attended with some further arrangements, must prove highly injurious. I am indeed of opinion, that there is just reason to believe that, if this Act is not repealed immediately on the meeting of Parliament, the commerce of the country will For, in my view of the subject, it will deprive the mastersustain a most severe shock. manufacturer of the power of paying the wages of his workmen, and leave the poorer consumer without the means of dealing with the retail trader whilst it would prove a source of infinite inconvenience to the community at large.
;
There were
for
fifteen queries
Thomason
1.
to
answer
2.
3.
What is the denomination of the tokens you have issued? What is the average weight of each species ? By how many dwts. in every twelve ounces is the metal
composed
inferior to standard silver ? 4. What is the average intrinsic value of each species ? 5. Are there any local tokens circulated in your immediate vicinity, besides those you have issued, and by whom ?
it
Edward
it
181-1.
INTRODUCTION.
6.
xxv
to be the total value of the local tokens circulating within the district in which you reside ? 7. What proportion do the local tokens bear to the halfcrowns, shillings and sixpences, that are in circulation near you ? 8. What do you conceive to be the average intrinsic value of these halfcrowns, shillings and sixpences ? 9. Are there many tokens of the Bank of England circulated in your vicinity ? 10. Has it been common to refuse change for a banknote, unless a large proportion of copper is taken ? 11. Have you known a premium given to get silver for a twenty shillings bank note? 12. Has there been any attempt to issue paper notes or tickets under the value of twelve shillings ?
13.
their workmen's wages with paper tickets, under the circumstance of a shop being established in the neighbourhood, where the workmen are furnished with goods in exchange for
14.
15.
those tickets ? this has occurred, has it not been customary for the retail trader to settle his accounts monthly or quarterly with the manufacturer by whom the tickets were issued ? Is there a disposition to petition the two Houses of Parliament, at their next meeting, for the repeal of the Act, which has recently passed, prohibiting the circulation of local tokens ?*
Where
It is
to be regretted that
letter,
Thomason does
in
all
to
this
important
as
probability
of
Tradesmen's tokens were once despised and ignored because strictly a legal tender. Tokens had firm supporters, both in Parliament and the country who, in consequence of the
;
Governments to provide a constant flow of coin, believed that commerce could not be developed without such aids. Indeed, it will be presently seen that by Acts of Parliament they
failure of successive
were,
if
distinction
one which the people failed to see: Throughout the year 181 1 the rage for tokens was at its height, and such was the hold they had on the public that meetings were held in different parts of the country to promote them. In Sheffield, at a public meeting held on October 24th, 181 1, it was resolved that " the denomination of 2s. 6d. and is. be stamped and sent into circulation to an amount not exceeding ^10,000 and not less than ,5,000." Nor was there any sign of abatement in their
certainly, but
Thomason
says:
"In
for
He
.
(Fereday) stated,
had
I
The
tokens which
all
of copper.
44.
xxv i
:
.
INTRODUCTION.
.
He
my
establishment every
enable him to satisfy his numerous workpeople." Silver and copper tokens were now firmly established
indeed,
thanks to H. B. Bowles, Esq., it has been discovered that a token bank was started at Bristol. This bank issued a token note for one
pound, which is the only known instance of a bank circulating a During the year the price of silver token paper currency as such. had so much increased that the Bank of England failed to issue a
new supply
of
its
tokens.
correspondent,
writing
in
the
Statesman on March ioth, 1811, appeals to stockholders to resist Bank to levy a tax of 10 per cent., and depreChristopher
and
Jennett,
of
Stockton,
in
1
who had
on
their
own
tokens,
printed a
scathing
criticism
1 1
Bank Tokens,
writer voiced
nom
de
plume of
"A
Briton.''
The
who advocated
He trusted that "a Bank of England's protection by the State. House of Commons, before whom all Europe trembled, would see (so he wrote), that the marriage a la mode between the Bank and
will be speedily dissolved by Act of ParliaAlthough this reasoning was untenable it throws a flood the inertia of of light on the bad state of the coinage of the time the Government, and the incapacity of the Bank, or its unwillingness to meet the emergency which had too long existed for an adequate coinage. The fluctuation in the price of silver from 1804 to 181 1 had, of course, much to do with the chaos, and made matters extremely awkward for the managers in Threadneedle Street but an enlightened policy, coupled with an acceptance of responsibility to find the country necessary money, would have saved the situation, and private tokens might have been prevented. During the controversy, the Overseers of the Poor, private banks, and tradesmen, jointly and separately, were sending out their own tokens, and, as they were freely accepted, trading was expedited, which further tended to strengthen the opposition to Parliament in its desire to suppress the issues.
Treasury
ment." *
* Discussing Mr. Manning, M.P., in defending the Bank directors' actions, this critic " I wonder he has not proceeded to coin crowns of tin says to assure the ducal diadem of Cornwall to divert the prince (Wales) of that which bound His baby-brow with sovereignty."
:
INTRODUCTION.
In 1811 the
xxvtf
Bank of England
and sixpence. They were of less relative weight than the countermarked dollar and the dollar of 1804, being in proportion 76, as against 83*3 grains per shilling. There was no complaint as to their weight, and relief was given by their circulation. Much of the difference was accounted for, as the standard value of Their lightness was a benefit to the comthe dollar was 5s. 6d. munity, as, although a large quantity was put into the melting pot to
and one
shilling
make
when
Of the three dies were engraved by Lewis Pingo. and one and sixpence the obverses bore the King's bust in armour, with his short titles, as on the dollar of 1 804. The reverse indicated the denominations within a wreath of oak. The price of silver in August, 181 1, was 6s. 4d. per oz. in October it had risen to 6s. n^-d., and before the year was out had
The
shillings
;
advanced to 7s. per oz. The countermarked dollars were issued in 1797 at 4s. 9d. each, and, as they weighed only 6t, grains under the ounce, it will be seen how, without a firm, clear, and definite policy on the part of the Government, the coinage would be demoralised. The report of the Dollars Bank of England February 9th, 18 10 informs us that issued by the Bank of England," to the 8th of February of that year,
''
were
Dollars stamped and issued 1797. Dollars of 1804 And 1809 and 181 1 inclusive
There were
,1,432,303
ios.,
also issued
2,
July,
181
1,
and the
Bank tokens
and
for
^353. I 70
15s.
supply
quite
The expansion of the factory system had created or developed an increased demand for small change with which to pay wages, and in these circumstances all attempts to put an end to the private token were ridiculed, and resulted in failure.
in 1811, announced that "a rise of ten per cent, of the dollars in circulation took place this day (March 19th). The increase in the price of silver has become so great, that the dollars or tokens issued by the Bank sell for more for bullion than they are current at as coin. The directors of the Bank gave notice that they would receive them at 5s. 6d. In the House of Lords Lord Grenville, commenting on
stamped
xxviii
INTRODUCTION.
the action of the Bank directors, censured it as violating the constitution, by an assumption Earls Bathurst and Roise defended on behalf of the of the rights of sovereignty. Government.'"'
At
the
commencement
it
:
of 1812 there
was no
falling-
off in the
Sir
Edward Thomason
"
says
"In
this
worth twenty-seven shillings, according to the Mint price of gold "and so scarce was the coin, and the panic so great, that every " maiden lady hoarded up all the gold she received. The Master of "the Mint at this period (The Honourable Wellesley Pole) could " not obtain permission from the Government to proceed with a " new gold and silver coinage and the country could not afford " the loss which naturally attends the calling in and re-issuing of a "new coinage of gold and silver. Berkley Monck, Esq., M. P. for
;
banker
at that place,
determined
that
I
drawings.
pignora certa petis do pignora certa, 18 12.' "the legend: "And on the reverse: '40 Shillings. Berks Token. Standard
'
Reading.'
On
B.
the legend
'
Payable
in
"bank
"
by
I.
pieces, fully
The Hon. Mr. Percival, the Prime Minister, requested that would suspend proceeding with the gold tokens until he should "see Mr. Monck. No more were manufactured, and only ; 1,600 "worth were struck, and the pieces were eagerly bought up at as " much as the sum of 5 each, to be retained as mementos of the " only gold token ever struck, and to confirm the price of gold at
"
I
"this eventful period in his country/' f There was a coming awakening to the danger of permitting
private parties to coin their
own money.
tokens
It
covered
that
issued
the
purpose of
* The Earl of Lauderdale, speaking on the Local Token Bill, on July 21, 1812, said he opposed the Bill, as it would be sure to injure the retail trade of the country, which could It would also be the means of introducing again not be carried on without these tokens. those local notes, which were good for nothing, whereas the tokens were worth three-fourths of their nominal value." t Sir Edward Thomason s Memoirs, p. 48.
:
INTRODUCTION.
been working an insidious malady, which was eventually sure to kill private enterprise. H. Morgan, of London, publicly advertised that he was a licensed maker of tokens but it would appear that his statement was made without warrant, at least no record for any such authority having been granted him has come to light. He was probably the agent of Thomason or Halliday, of Birmingham. Halliday was a die engraver and manufacturer, whose business premises were in Newhall Street, in that town, and near to Thomason's works, in Church Street. Halliday engraved most of the token dies for Thomason as an outworker, but Morgan's orders were engraved and struck in Newhall Street, at Halliday's works. Morgan gradually reduced the weight of his tokens to suit his customers. The Birmingham Overseers' shilling weighed jt, grains,
There had
also
fifth
Bristol shilling
and trader. The Marlborough Old Bank circulated shillings, the specific gravity of which was reduced to 53 grains. The imposition continued, and was practised openly firstly, because Parliament was indifferent and, secondly, in consequence of the relief the public had received from a ready
thirty per cent, in favour of the dealer
system of
barter.
The
is
the period
The
SILVER TOKENS.
following table of the weight and value of several of the Provincial Tokens, which at present form a large part of the silver circulation, has been drawn up by Mr. North, of the Assay Office, York, from the assays made by him. The intrinsic value is said to be calculated according to the present price of silver (but the price is not mentioned), and the weights on an average of several pieces. The fourth column states the inferiority in every
12 oz. to standard silver
:
Worse. Dwts.
Intrinsic
Value.
s.
d.
d.
The Bank
Dollar of
6 6 6
..
17
8
II
..
9
.
9 9
2 2
1 1
6
7
8 3 14 18 21
1
.
20
II
II
2 11J 1 ioi
2
1 1
2!
1}
Ships, Colonies
.
and Commerce
6 6
The Doncaster The Leeds The Newcastle, by Robertson The Newcastle, by Kelty The York The Lincolnshire The Whitby The West Riding The Scarborough The Stockton
. . . . .
1 1 1 1
3 3 2
3 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
21
.. ..
.
ii
30 29
IO
II
9|
10J
IClf
22
18 16 12
.
1
1 1
1
IO
..
10 10
-.
.
30
IO 18
Si
10
1
1
16 16 16 16
..
..
..
20 23
9J 9! 9f
XXX
INTRODUCTION.
SILVER TOKENS {Continued).
The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The
It
Weight. Dwts. Grs. 2 12 2 23
Worse. Dwts.
Intrinsic
Value.
Newark
Sheffield
I I
.
I
I
I I
.
Bridlington
Derby
Lincoln
I
I
Stamp
Fozely
Office
{sic)
.
Bradford
I I
York
Hull
Britannia
.
Derby
o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o 6 6 6 6
2
2 2
IO
15
20 23 20
II
9|
10J
..
..
8* 6 9 9f 81
7'i c,\
2
2 3 ..2
10 IO 12
13
1
.. ..
14 19
48
II
29
..
..
IO
..
..
15
8f
8i
9I-
..2
i
2 2
15
20
8
5
.. ..
46 28 24
IO 32
11
..08
..
1
1
..
..12
6
..
..
4j 4j 4f
3l
48
indiffer-
in respect to the
mediums
Nineteenth
brought
of exchange.
The same
causes which
in silver
Century
Copper
Tokens.
in
on the issue of copper ones, and, as this metal was more or less plentiful during the nineteenth century,
there
was
less
Early in the
century
of
many
some
kind.
The
traffic
truck
was
ments
It
coins
Great Britain or
dealt
with,
in Ireland.
century,
as previously
copper had
become so high
put into the
crucible,
heavy coinage of 1797 had been because it was worth more when melted
face
down than
its
indicated
value
but
this
only aggravated
difficulty
by providing,
for
The apathy
of
liament to prohibit
its
The
people wanted
it.
regal
coin,
and
repeatedly
petitioned
Parliament to provide
INTRODUCTION.
xxxi
In 1 8 1 1 copper coins were so scarce that the Gentleman s Magazine noticed that a merchant of Truro had offered to give Bank of England paper for one thousand pounds worth of small money which, in those days, was regarded as a wonderful undertaking.
In September of the
in
Bailiff of
Birmingham,
pursuance of a requisition, forwarded to the Privy Council, on behalf of the town and neighbourhood, a memorial
:
" that trade suffereth great and serious evils from the want of small change. That there are in this town and neighbourhood many thousands of persons whose weekly labour does not produce more than from three to ten shillings, and that their employers being compelled to pay several together in pound notes, they are under the necessity of going to public-houses to get change, where, of course, some of the money must be spent to induce the publicans to supply them therewith, or they must buy some articles which they do not want, or in many cases must take the articles of food on credit at an extravagant price, paying for the same when what they have had amounts to a pound. That the issue of Bank Tokens, although of great and essential service, is by no means adequate to the remedy of the evil. And your memorialists, therefore, most earnestly request that your lordships will speedily order a coinage of copper penny and halfpenny pieces, which would effectually remove the evil they labour under."
. .
June 13th, 1 8 Mr. Huskisson asked the Chancellor of the Exchequer: "Is 1 3, it intended by the Bill to prohibit the circulation of local copper tokens, as there is an immense quantity made of spurious metal,* the circulation of which has a tendency to enhance the price of first necessaries, being issued by large manufacturers, and exchanged at par for bills at twelve months after sight?" Sharp, in a footnote written as early as 1833, after quoting this statement, doubts it, as he found no evidence on which it was based. The same member further stated that " shopkeepers consequently charged their articles higher, and that the labouring classes are obliged to submit to the imposition, from the difficulty they have of procuring employment." This general statement supports the contention, if such it may be termed, that tokens were largely used in paying wages to labourers and artizans. On the third reading of the Bill, June 29th, 1813, Mr. Grenfell, M.P., in calling attention to the depressed state of copper " The bad halfpence, when taken by the shopkeeper, specie, said are sold by him as base metal at 8d. per lb., whereas 16 good penny pieces weigh lib., and it takes 73 of these halfpence to produce the
Bill,
:
On
Tokens
sum
is
as 32 to 73."f
* I have not found many tokens which are not of the best copper. Mr. Huskisson's remarks would well have applied to the spurious regal coinage. W. J. D.
Hansard,
v. 26, c.
961.
xxxii
INTRODUCTION.
On July 27th, 181 7, the circulation and issue of copper tokens were dealt with by Act of Parliament. Copper tokens had enjoyed a long life, as from 181 1 to 181 7 no official interference checked their circulation. This immunity gave to the issuers a free hand, and, as
a result, many of the industrial districts secured a ready medium of exchange, remarkable from its matter of fact type. The eighteenth century tokens aimed at the picturesque nineteenth were the severely Spartan, some with nothing but inscriptions or legends, both
;
on the obverse and reverse, and when character was delineated it was represented by busts of eminent men, workhouses and mills. The reverses were largety devoted to the figures of Britannia and Commerce, and in Ireland the harp naturally predominated. Many tons, mostly the penny denomination, were circulated, and though
they
fully
fell
short of the just standard of the 1797 coinage, they successThere was, however, issue of 1807.
much
This disparity
led to dissatisfaction.
was no "promissory" to redeem, as was the case with most of the silver tokens. Bogus companies, with a promissory of imaginary persons and legends, overshot the market, and an undoubted reaction enabled the Government to deal with the subject by public consent. The design, or devices, of the tokens, silver and copper, were very varied and included
there
:
On many
men
classical literature, saints, emperors, kings, queens, the Druid, and warriors ; heraldic arms of country, cities, of mark, figures of Britannia, Justice and Commerce statues, cannons, towns, the nobility, and gentry diadems, crests and monograms military trophies, musical instruments, and the stage coach. Animals, birds, and fishes. The Phoenix and the Griffin. Mountains, cathedrals, churches, castles on land and on rocks at sea light-houses, ships, sea views, public and private buildings interior and exterior ; bridges, mills furnaces
Gods of
and
collieries.
Engines, machinery, including the loom, the plough, water wheels, windmills, the wheattrade appliances, agricultural and horticultural implements ; bales of merchandise beehives and casks.
sheafs
;
The
who had
Many
of those
redeem them.
public
bankrupt, or refused to
it
As
became uneasy, and a movement commenced, which found a ready response in the House of Commons, where the private issue of
INTRODUCTION.
tokens had always been disliked
of expediency.
;
xxxiii
petition
was presented
the
House
of
Commons, from
Dudley, by Mr. Grenfell, on April 25th, 18 17, complaining that the copper tokens were not half their nominal value, and praying that
their issue
might be forbidden. At the time of the petition, tokens were so plentiful that the wage earners had a difficulty in purchasing, and were forced to accept in exchange for them less of the common necessaries of life, which in effect raised the price of commodities
The
long
in
real,
Sir
Bill to
Edward
member
January
in
1st,
18 18.
Bill
passing the
on July 27th,
contained,
by the Sheffield Overseers of the Poor, in 181 2, 18 13, 18 14, and 18 15, were to remain a lawful tender until March 25th, 1823 and another to the same effect in respect to the Birmingham Overseers of the Poor, and their tokens bearing the dates 181 1, 18 12, 18 1 3, and 1814,1 which were lawfully permitted circulation until the 25th day of March, 1820. The ground for such exceptions as stated " in the Act was that the immediate suppression of which would be attended with great loss to the said townships, and to the holders of such tokens, being for the most part labourers and mechanicks,
issued
;
The new
quently, not so
silver coinage,
in
general circulation,
;
and, conse-
much copper
was
required.
study of the subject will also show that a greater power than
England and the Principality of Wales. For nearly three years twopenny piece of Rugeley, a few farthings, and the Sheffield Workhouse token of 181 5) none were issued
(with the exception of the
* Ruding,
t
this
is
-
Ruding, who was evidently quoted by Sharp, gives the additional date of 181 5, but an erroi as the Birmingham Overseers did not issue tokens after 1S14. W. J. D.
,
xxxvi
INTRODUCTION.
were almost regarded as a regal issue, and, though there is much how and when this interesting coinage was first produced, probably Mr. Grueber is right in that it was not issued so early as thought by Simon and Lindsay, as he says " the style of work shows that it is of a much later period, and it seems more
obscurity as to
probable
still,
and the striking of a This opinion Mr. Grueber bases on the fact that these coins formed part of the currency of the Isle of Man in 1678
and 1679, being especially referred to in an Act of the Tynwald of the 24th June, 1679," and that "also in 1682 they were the
authorized currency of the State of
New
Jersey."
to suppress the circu-
referred to
was an Act
any other of that nature after the 1st day of January, 1679." As the Isle of Man was at this time in the possession of the Earl of Derby, and it had the sovereign right of issuing its own coinage, it does not follow, because of the Tynwald Act referred to, that the Saint Patrick money was not a regal issue for Ireland. Even Ruding had no information, and Simon is content to quote Rymer, who only " supposed that the copper pieces called Saint Patrick halfpence and farthings were struck by the rebel's authority." In 1680, Charles II. gave to Ireland what it needed to effectually stamp out private tokens. In this and the two years following, under another patent granted to Sir Thomas Armstrong, halfpence of good workmanship and weight were circulated and tokens ceased to be made. The next issue was the halfpenny of James II., which was
or
;
68 5- 1 688. Then followed, during the troublesome times of this monarch, the appearance of the gun and tin money, the
struck
1
After as " brass money." Mary, from 1690 to 1694, supplied a currency in the form of a copper halfpenny, and in 1695 and 1696 William III. issued halfpence. Queen Anne, during the twelve years she was on the throne, ignored the currency of Ireland altogether and it was not until George I. had reigned eight years that a patent was granted for coining copper money in Ireland, which Dr. Philip Nelson says, in his account of the life of Wood, was originally granted the Duchess of Kendal, who sold the patent
in Ireland,
;
known
INTRODUCTION.
rights for
xxxvii
10,000
of
to
farthings
quotes
the
report
of the
Whitehall, July 24, 1724. Ireland has now grown to such an height, that considerable manufacturers were obliged to pay their men with tallies or tokens in cards signed upon the back, to be afterwards exchanged for money and counterfeit coins called raps, * were in common use, made of such bad metal, that what passed for a halfpenny was not worth half a farthing.
money
in
Dean
Swift wrote
" It
halfpence and farthings were last Coined in this Kingdom, they have
been for some time very scarce, and many counterfeits pass about under the name of raps." In 1730 Mr, Prior, in "Observations on Coin in General," quoted by Aquilla Smith, noted " the constant drains of money out of the Kingdom, for the support of our gentlemen abroad, and the scarcity of money occasioned thereby." Wood's currency was very unpopular, occasioned perhaps more
compared favourably with the preceding copper currency, and which had become very It must also be recorded that the failure of successive worn. Governments to keep up a sufficient supply of copper had caused a want of small change, and as private traders were preparing to reissue a token coinage it is assumed that the opposition was Indeed, during the next twelve strengthened by this interest. years, no effort was made to satisfy the legitimate requirements
prescribed weight,
The
128 grains,
of Ireland in
fore, as
its
coinage
there-
Ruding states, " several persons in the North and other parts of that kingdom were under the necessity of making copper and silver tokens, which they passed as promissory notes amongst their workmen, customers and neighbours, those of copper for twopence, and those of silver for threepence." It was during this period that the " Drapier " (Dean Swift) controversy arose and
;
there
was,
until
1736,
practically
no
restriction
to
the issue of
private tokens.
"Not worth
a rap.
xxxviii
INTRODUCTION.
it
In 1736,
was decreed
(George
II.)
was
and Council,
copper to be made
and farthings for his Majesty's subjects in Ireland, and that the profit of such issue should go to the public revenue of that kingdom. From the legend was omitted " Dei Gratia,'' which was much noticed at the time. Halfpence and farthings were
into halfpence
issued
until
1755,
and
private
tokens
disappeared
apparently
No
further
" struck
by Roche
(or
Dublin,
who was
army," were extensively circulated in 1760, and were recognised as Pretender money. In the same year F. McMinn issued a private
token for twopence, and as Ireland, until 1766, had to find its coinage there was no other way but to resort to tokens.
intervals,
own At
pence
to the
were not wanting to induce the royal authority to maintain its copper coinage. Mossop, the Irish die engraver, in 1789 submitted a pattern for a penny, the design of which delineated national feeling. On the obverse was a striking portrait of the King with the legend georgius hi rex, and under the head a harp. On the reverse the figures of Britannia and Hibernia, with their attributes, hand in hand before a lighted altar. Legend con cor dia. (Unanimity) 1789. The King evidently thought well of it, as he was graciously pleased to retain two of the specimens out of the six, which, it is said, were struck.* In 1804 there were struck for the Bank of Ireland six-shilling The obverse was similar to the English dollar, but with pieces. the reverse Hibernia seated, supporting a harp, and the legend, BANK OF IRELAND TOKEN 1804 SIX SHILLINGS- The design Was by the renowned die engraver C. H. Kiichler. The peculiarity of the pieces was that they were struck over the Spanish dollars
;
* Vide Montagu,
lot 240,
Sotheby, Wilkinson
& Hodge,
INTRODUCTION.
were of the same date and weight as the English
represented a shilling more in value.
dollar,
xxxix
and yet
token
no regal
silver
coins
Ireland since
worn
shillings
and
the obverse
or reverse designs,
were
countermarked with the initials and names of various tradesmen and shopkeepers. These were called " slap tokens," from being countermarked by another trader, probably to
in circulation,
induce
acceptance.
as
thin
as
hammered
English silver penny, and, like the imitation regal halfpence and
farthings of the second decade of
state into
III.,
indeed,
had
almost disappeared.
In
the
Bank
of
Ireland issued
Those dated 1805 were the most abundant. Mr. Grueber, in his " excellent work on the Coins of Great Britain and Ireland," ignores the second issue, but the tenpenny and fivepenny tokens of 1806 were plentiful, and as the latter carries the obverse of 1805 there can be no doubt that the Bank of Ireland caused them to be struck in 1806. The Bank of Ireland in 1808
brought another
relief to facilitate the
medium
of exchange, in the
The designs of form of a half-crown token, or xxx pence irish. this, as well as of the tenpence and fivepence, were by Pingo. Ireland here established another peculiarity, inasmuch as the Bank of England issued no tokens from 1804 until 181 1. The last silver token of Ireland was struck and circulated by the Bank of Ireland in 18 13; it was for tenpence. The obverse was the same as the pattern for the English ninepence by Wyon. In 1805 the dies for a regal penny, halfpenny and farthing, were engraved by Kiichler, and struck at the Soho Mint, Birmingham, in the following year a farthing only. The farthings were circuin lated large quantities, but the penny and halfpenny are usually found as proofs.
The
issue of private silver tokens
commenced
in
1804, an d
consisted of three types, each for one shilling. With the exception of the " Pro Bono Publico" token, only a limited number seem
xl
INTRODUCTION.
have been
circulated,
to
which
is
Bank
and
silver specie.
made to supply a new copper coinage, purpose two patterns of merit were submitted from Soho. The first has, on the obverse, the bust of the King laureate and draped, under the bust a rose, beneath T. (Thomas Wyon),
In 1813, an attempt was
for this
legend georgius hi d:g: britanniarum rex. The reverse a large harp similar to those on the tokens of the period, legend hibernia
1813-
The second
on the shoulder, legend georgius hi d:g: rex * This obverse was afterwards used for the Colonies of Essequibo and Demarary, one stiver token of 18 13. Neither pattern was accepted for Ireland. For nearly forty years, except in 1805 and 1806, Ireland was without copper money. Private tokens, as a result, began in 1 80 1 and continued until 1822-3, when the last regal coinage of Ireland was struck at the Soho mint, from dies engraved by William Wyon, who, for the King's portrait, was supplied with a model by the famous Pistrucci.f
The
and
its
private tokens.
tickets,
work
(or truck)
but
a forthcoming book
on
Early
in
was issued a
for
tradingit
This currency,
such
was,
Counter-
now known as the " Countermarked Tokens." The seal, or countermark, of the issuer was intended
to
marked Tokens.
coin for public
full
indicated value.
The token
failure of the
was again directly caused by the Government to supply sufficient silver requirements, which was the more keenly felt, as
they
did not
and
inscriptions
mill
understand.
perforce,
To meet
impressed
this
antipathy
owners and
merchants,
* Vide
pi. 3,
Montagu
sale,
INTRODUCTION.
on
the
foreign coins their
xli
desire for
own promissory stamp, and such was the something reliable that the issuers could almost demand
and,
silver had its intrinsic, or standard, and it is more than conjectured that the various values were stamped on the coins in proportion to the
marked pieces are described, of all known to exist. At the period in question
far,
now
The
show
had more confidence in the mill owners' than in the regal coinage pre the Soho productions. These pieces were generally countermarked over worn English and Scotch halfpence also on eighteenth century tokens, many of which were in circulation at this period. Some few indicate that dollars might still exist with these countermarks, but, up to the present, research has failed to find them in
;
silver.
The countermarked
the Keighley Overseers
also
those crossed G
r,
m and w w
were issued by local authority. At the time money being scarce, puncheons were resorted to, to save the expense of a pair of dies, and to give an additional promissory that tokens in circulation, but struck for another county, were to be accepted on good local security. The countermark was most favoured in Scotland, which is attributed to an old custom of re-issuing coins at a rate different During the reign of from that at which they were first circulated. James VI., the testoon and other coins of Mary were countermarked with a crowned thistle, and re-issued at an advanced value. The ryal, or sword dollar, struck 1567-1571, was in 1578 similarly countermarked, which process was resorted to in consequence of the appreciation of silver. The testoon, so countermarked,
was made current for tenpence more than its original recognized value, and the sword dollar four shillings and threepence above its This appears face value, in the method of the Scotch calculation.* origin Britain, and, as it to be the of the countermark in Great was first applied in Scotland, accounts for the preference given to
this
form of a token.
xlii
IN TRODUC TION.
There can be no doubt that the tokens of 1811 and 181 2 were This, it is admitted, was made imperative by the necessity of the times, but it is not a sufficient justification for excluding all Tokens a tokens from the coinage of the country to do Lawful
;
Tender.
period,
in
so
is
to
historian,
to
that
of the
the Cromwellian
our
Monarchial
system.
period,
that
form of coinage, confers on such a circulation its highest mandate, short only of a royal warrant. By an Act of Parliament, passed in 1S09, it was required that
of
when presented to the issuer, were to be met in Bank England notes. This not only accounts for the promissory legends to honour the tokens in the highest security of the times, but conveyed the impression that they were allowed to circulate
local tokens,
with
official
sanction.
The Statesmen informed the public on September 18th, 181 1, that " All the Country Bankers have received permission to issue
silver tokens for small chancre."
day of March, 1813, no tokens, except those issued by the Banks of England and Ireland, should be current. The penalty for the issue of each private token was to be not less than five pounds or more than twenty at the discretion of the Justices of the Peace, who Ruding says: " The copper should hear and determine the offence. tokens were not mentioned in this Act, and consequently their Thus, for eight months, private circulation was not forbidden." tokens were clearly a lawful tender. During this period of official recognition no regal coinage was Crowns and dollars, especially the struck, except Bank tokens. crowns, were fast finding their way into the melting pot for the production of tokens, to the great loss of the community. This absorption aggravated the situation, and, as time advanced, the dearth of regal coin was such that much anxiety was manifested as to how the commerce of the country was to be conducted.
July 20th, 18
12, it
On
was enacted*
* 52 George III.
c.
157.
INTRO D UC TION.
Citizens held meetings
extinction of tokens.
xliii
and expressed
the
their
disapproval
19th,
of
the
2,
At Reading, on September
181
a
B.
J.
Monck
In
was no improvement, as, although the Government had passed the Act of prohibition, it failed to substitute coins for tokens, and was, as a result, ultimately
the beginning
of
18 13
compelled to give a new lease to the traders who provided them. "It became necessary to extend the Therefore Ruding says circulation of private tokens to the 5th day of July next fol:
lowing."
This extension Act was passed on March 13th, 1813, and again on July 10th of the same year* it was enacted that the "time for the circulation of private tokens be extended to the space
of six weeks after the
commencement of the next Session of Parliaremove doubts which had arisen it was enacted
local
in
Law, upon
demand made, of the value denoted upon such tokens to pay the same." On November 25th, 181 3, Parliament again considered the question, but the Government had no definite proposals to make as to the immediate prospect of a new regal silver coinage except Bank tokens. It enacted that private tokens should remain in circulation as a substitute until " six weeks from the commencement
of the next Session of Parliament."
This Act,f which received the Royal Assent November 26th, 18 13, is the last on record which in any way gives parliamentary sanction to the circulation of
The Bank
The
directors
had
also given
large orders to
The
three-shilling
1816 but not circulated. In 181 2 a pattern for ninepence was submitted which, however, was
not approved.
Bank
tokens,
by
their superior
make and
* Statute George
III. c. 106.
c. 4.
xliv
INTRODUCTION.
on their merit, doing more to suppress private tokens than the final Act of 1813, again showing that, without a sufficient official coinage, Acts of Parliament were almost abortive.
The first for Bank tokens to cease as it was announced.* the last day on which the five shillings and sixpence Bank dollars will be exchanged by the Bank, after which time they will not be received in payment but must be sold for old silver. The Country Banks in general have intimated to their customers that they cannot take dollars later than to day."
of
"
May
The general public, rather suddenly, was changing its opinion on the question of private tokens, and members of the House of Commons, whose protests against the wholesale issue of commercial tokens had been made in vain, now found ready support for their
final extinction.
to
The
the
Spanish
dollar,
in
The movement in this metal went on November 1815, which had been
honoured by the State Bank for five shillings and sixpence, was not worth more than about four shillings and threepence. On September 30th, 18 14, the Hon. William Wellesley Pole was appointed Master of the Royal Mint, and proved himself to be equal to all that was required to reinstate a regal silver coinage commensurate to the commercial necessities of the times, and, since the coinage which he introduced in 18 16, there has been no need for tradesmen to set up a token silver specie, and therefore none have been issued. The continued depreciation of silver was an important factor, as will be seen from the following table
:
d.
s.
d.
1813.
May
June
July
. .
6 6 6
7
1815.
5
5
.
6
7
10
1814.
6 7
May
June
July
1816.
.
6 6
9
8
5
6
.
April July
6 ni 6 11 6 6
5
5
5
5
October January
April July
to
December
7 3
"
71
August
5 3 4 ni 4 10
From
until
18
7,
A
t
writer
signing
himself
26, 18 17.
An
Monthly Magazine of
1814.
INTRODUCTION.
the lightness of silver coin, says
in
:
xlv
"
find that a
crown piece
is
equal
weight to twenty-two sixpences, and to eight country tokens which pass for one shilling each."
illegal
absence of a
new coinage,
still
the law, and were in general circulation until the latter end of 1815.
There are various opinions as to where the series of nineteenth century tokens should end, and what pieces should be admitted.
The
Tokens
Admitted.
course taken
is,
been passed
was
struck.
In the Isle of
Man
room
until 1831,
Tokens
but what
or a date
for
doubt
pieces
they were
to include
and used as
coin.
Many
probably
in
Many
names of
These tradesmen had, as it were, a Haverfordwest and Newark. small combine to assure the public that the issuers or the company were able to meet their liability. Mr. Sydney Sydenham found that Culverhouse, Orchard, Phipps, Whitchurch, and Dore, were tradesmen who carried on business in
different parts of a street, or in various streets, in the City of Bath.
This form of partnership applies to the issue of tokens in many towns. All tokens, other than purely truck money, expressing values exceeding one penny, are recognized as necessary to complete a
distinct section of numismatics.
The
finality,
The
made
Acknowledg- than such an undertaking would otherwise have merit. been, and considerably added to the pleasure of its production, which kindness and zeal he will always remember gratefully, and thankfully acknowledge.
xlvi
INTRODUCTION.
Atkins,
Most esteemed assistance has been rendered by Mr. James who for some years diligently laboured to get together
The manuscript
is
in
the author's possession, and has been found invaluable for reference.
Mr. Thos.
Bliss
marked
collection,
kindly lent the whole of his choice counterand other tokens, from which plates h, l and m
have been entirely prepared. Mr. H. B. Bowles, of Clifton, has minutely examined his splendid cabinet of silver tokens, and from time to time reported varieties of die, the knowledge of which has done much towards making the long series complete. In many ways Mr. Bowles' contributions have
enriched the work.
who
is
an authority on
Mr. William Norman, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, whose collection is one of the most perfect, has been ardent in the desire to afford aid and who also most willingly forwarded any token required for description or illustration.
of nineteenth century copper tokens
;
Messrs. Spink and Son have given willing and excellent assist-
and readily supplied the blocks for some of the woodcuts. Mr. Sydney Sydenham, of Bath, has v/aded through piles of old newspapers and periodicals, and found many important facts to
ance,
justify the issue of tokens.
Mr. A.
to furnish
W.
much
author
many ways.
The
is
also
:
Mr. A. H. Baldwin; Mr. J. H. Dormer; Mr. Herbert A. Grueber, British Museum; Mr. S. H. Hamer, Halifax; Mr. F. G. Laurence, Sutton; Messrs. Lincoln and Son; Mr. J. Macmillan Mr. F. E. Macfadyen, Newcastle-on-Tyne Mr. W. Sykes, Hull Mr. J. Verity, Mr. T. C. Martin, Clifton Dewsbury; Mr. W. C. Weight; and Mr. W. C. West.
their valuable assistance
; ;
Indeed,
it is
given
branch of numismatology.
Moseley, 1904.
^^T^
xlvii
ARRANGEMENT OF
Contemporary Collectors. Title Pages of Token Works.
PLATES.
... ... Matthew Boulton ... ... ... ... Lady Chetwynd and Autograph Letter of Sir George ... ... .. ... Chetwynd ... ... ... ... ... ... Thomas Sharp ... ... ... ...
Page
,,
29
31
71
,,
Matthew Young...
D. T.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
,,
Batty
...
... ...
... ...
... ...
,,
91
Token Bank Note of Bristol ... ... ... ... ... James Conder View of Soho Factory... ... ... Birmingham Overseers' Token Notes
Bust of Charles Pye ... ... ... Charles Pye Autograph Letter ... William Boyne Autograph Letter... ... ... ... J. K. Picard
:
103
135 143 147
157 159 167 177 181
,,
...
...
... ...
...
,,
,,
...
...
,
... ...
...
...
... ... ...
...
...
...
...
...
... ...
...
...
...
213
Aquilla Smith
Isle of
...
... ...
229
243
...
...
Autotype Plates
to
at the End.
REFERENCES TO WOODCUTS.
Mionnet Scale ... ... ... ... Bolton Countermarked Dollar ... Pt. Glasgow Countermarked Dollar .. Devonshire Twopence ... ... ... Bust of Samuel Fereday... ... ... Birmingham Sixpence ... ... ... Birmingham Sir Original FIalfpenny ... Hancock's Workshop at Soho ... ... View of Staverton Factory ... ... Dudley Penny ... ... ... ... Bust of Nelson ... ... ... ... Sowerby Bridge Seven Shillings ... Peel Castle Two Shillings and Sixpence Atlas Halfpenny ... ... ... ...
...
...
... ...
,,
11
,,
17
21
...
...
...
...
41
...
...
...
...
... ...
... ...
,,
121
...
...
,,
147
156
,,
,,
,,
158 160
162
...
... ... ...
,,
...
,,
185 186
...
...
...
,,
243 246
ABBREVIATIONS.
o-
Obverse. Reverse.
E
Ex
Edge.
Exergue.
CORRIGENDA.
Page
75,
7io.
49,
Page Page
190,
glancly(d)wedog."
Mayo. Since including these Tokens, the Author has received the following important communication from Earl Altamont " I am sorry to say that, I fear the tokens of which you wrote to me, and whose rubbings you sent to me, are not Irish Tokens at all. I have found a set among some odds and ends. They are described as having been used for paying negro slaves in Jamaica. My family at one time owned large estates and many slaves. The head " garden " or estate was known as " Kelly's." These estates came into the family about the middle of the eighteenth century, by marriage. My grandfather, the second Marquis, sold them about 1840. He went out to Jamaica as Governor-General in 1834, to carry out the Abolition of Slavery, as, tho a large slave owner, he had scruples, and spoke strongly in the House of Lords in
227, Co.
favour of abolition.
It is likely
money was scarce, but whether or no these represent The date, however, must be between 1800 and 1834."
that tokens were in use long before his time, when small early or late specimens, I cannot tell. London, March, 1904.
yd
!?7Z^
u^}^Ae*
l/ U -/(>//X
/l'.l/Jf
ilS
/y>
,//,
THE
Nineteenth Century Token Coinage.
BANK OF ENGLAND.
SHIELD DOLLAR,
SILVER.
1. O Laureate and draped bust to the right, georgius hi dei gratia rex. Truncation mark c.h.k., the first leaf of laurel points to
1798.
the centre of the e in dei #> M. B. F. ET. H. REX. F. D. B. ET. L. D. S. R. I. A. T\ ET. E. 1 798. (Magnae Britanniae, Franciae, et Hibernae Rex; Fidei Defensor; Brunsvicensis et Lunenbergensis Dux Sacri Romani Imperii Archi Thesaurarius et Elector) the royal arms surmounted by the crown which divides the date, a proof pattern. R.r.r.
;
2.
Copper
R.r.
Proof.
3.
Similar, but the first leaf of laurel points to the first limb of
E IN dei
4.
Copper Proof.
R.
first
5. Similar, but truncation mark ..k. and the R.r.r. points to the centre of e in dei
leaf of laurel
Kiichler.
for ,14.
BRITANNIA DOLLAR,
Bust to Right.
1804.
6. O Laureate and draped bust to right, georgius hi dei gratia rex. Truncation mark c.h.k. well spread; top front leaf of laurel points to the centre of e in dei $> bank of England 1804 Britannia seated, with her attributes, between a beehive and cornucopia x incuse under the shield, inverted ; all within an oval band inscribed five shillings dollar and surmounted by a mural crown.
;
Boyne B
7.
2
7.
Copper.
Boyne
10.
8.
mark
c.h.k. close,
and the
first
leaf of
end of e
}i
Similar,, the
and expressed.
9.
Also
in
Copper.
first
10.
O
9>
in
dei
11.
Also
Copper, struck on
and thicknesses.
the
first
12.
O
P>
mark
end of e
in dei
x under the
shield inverted
and
incuse.
13.
Also
Copper.
first
14. O Similar, truncation mark c.h.k. The points to the centre of e in dei No period after 9> Similar, but k under the shield proper.
leaf of laurel
rex
15.
Also
in
Copper.
;
16. O Similar, but with a period after rex. the first leaf of laurel points to the first limb of e in dei No period between c h Vo As last. R.r.
17.
Similar, truncation
last.
mark
c.h.k.
$ As
18.
R.
Also in Copper.
R.
first
19.
O
V
e in dei
Similar, but
R.
vagary of the time is well placed by a contemporary writer who, with commendable shrewdness, passed it to the antiquary of distant ages. He wrote Mr. Urban,
London, Sept.
17.
following curious phenomenon, occasioned by the present state of British currency, deserves to be recorded ; and may be of use to the future Historian who shall consult your pages.
The
Guinea made of Standard Gold, weight 5 dwts. 9 by law for only Guinea 3 grains lighter is worth as Bullion
.
s.
d.
grs.,
passes
.
A A A
of Sterling Silver, weight 19 dwts. 8 grs., passes by law for only Bank Dollar weighing 2 pennyweights less, and the silver 2^d. an ounce worse, is current for
BANK OF ENGLAND.
A A
The
Half Crown Piece of Sterling Silver, weight 9 dwts. 16 grs., passes by law for only Bank Token weighing 5 grs. less, and the Silver 2d. an ounce
. .
worse,
lesser
is
current for
for
is
Eighteenpcnce weighs 1 dwt. 2 grs. less Shilling and ounce worse. Any person who buys an ounce of Standard gold, and pays for it in Coin, will receive Ten-pence in change out of Four Guineas and Two Seven Shilling Pieces. The One Pound Bank of England Note purports to be the representation of full 5 dwts. but at the present nominal price it will purchase not quite 4 dwts. 3 grs. Standard Gold its deficit is full 23 grains, and its consequent depreciation 3s. 8^d. 4 grs. Yours 8r*c. B. S. Gent. Mag., Sep. 181 r.
a Sixpence, and the Silver
also 2-Jd. an
;
:
Bank Token
It
Regal Crowns
does not appear that any notice was given by the Bank to assimilate the value of the to the Dollars, which apparent neglect was probably due to a legal difficulty.
GARTER DOLLAR,
1804.
20. O Laureate and draped bust to the right, georgius hi dei gratia. Truncation mark .'c.h.k The first leaf of laurel points to the first limb of d in dei Four berries in wreath. ^ britanniarum rex fidei defensor The royal arms within a garter motto, honi soit qui mal y pense surmounted by a crown dividing the date 1804 Under the shield dollar R.r.r.
;
mark
:c.h.k
5.
R.r.
Plate
J, no.
Also
in
Copper.
Glendining 6 Co.
(lot
mark mark
;
.
R.r.r.
the DEI
first leaf in
wreath
25.
Also
in
Copper.
In Mr. Bowles' Cabinet.
dies engraved
181
by
1.
Kiichler.
FIVE SHILLINGS
AND SIXPENCE,
Bust to Left.
26. O Laureate and draped bust to the left, georgius hi dei gratia rex Truncation mark k* & The first leaf of laurel points to the first limb of d in dei There are five berries in wreath. 9. Britannia seated, holding in her right hand a spear, her left resting on a shield bank of England token Ex. five shillings & sixpence 181 1 R.r,
;
Plate
27. Also in Copper.
A, no.
1.
R.r.r.
Philip.
4
29.
Shield Dollar of
is
1798. O by Philip
in
#>
by Kiichler.
in copper,
and
Bust to Right.
30.
rex.
O Laureate and draped bust to right, georgius hi dei gratia Truncation mark c.h.k The first leaf of laurel points to the
;
centre of e
$>
four berries in wreath. Britannia seated, holding in her right hand a spear, her left resting on a shield bank of England token Ex. five shillings AND SIXPENCE, l8 1 I R.T.T.
;
Boyne
16.
31.
Also
in
Copper.
R.r.
leaf in laurel points to the
first
end of e
in dei
O
Bust to Left.
by Kiichler ;
by Philip.
34. O Laureate and draped bust to the left, georgius hi dei gratia rex. Truncation mark %> & Six berries in the wreath. 9= bank token 5s. 6d. 1811 within a wreath of oak stem of wreath turns slightly downwards ; i.p under the tie of wreath. R.r.
Boyne u.
35.
Also
in
Copper.
Boyne
13.
36.
i.p.
O &
Similar, but with five berries in the wreath. Similar, but the stem of wreath turns slightly
tie.
upwards
under
R.r.
37.
Also
in
Copper.
R.
R.r.r.
39.
O As
9>
last
R.
R.
Nos. 34-40 by Philip.
40.
O
9.
As
41.
O As
9=
Britannia in an oval garter 1804 as No. 10, with k proper O by Philip ; ^ by Kiichler. and expressed. R.r.
This mule
is
in
BANK OF ENGLAND.
Bust to Right.
42.
rex.
O Laureate and draped bust to right, georgius hi dei gratia Truncation mark c.h.k Top front leaf of laurel points to the
>
centre of e
tie
Four berries in wreath. bank token 5s. 6d. 1811 within a wreath of oak
R.r.
in
under the
knot
43.
i.p.
Also
Copper.
R.
first
44.
in
Similar, but the dei " The Bank has lately had
at
new stamped
is
Boulton
&-=
Co.'s
Manufactory
Birmingham.
The charge
for
stamping
Bath
"^800,000 in stamped Dollars will shortly be added to our Silver currency. They were sent a few days ago from the Bank to Birmingham to be restamped." Bath Chronicle, Dec.
21, 1809.
These notices must have referred to the Octagonal Countermarks, as the large denominations coined at Soho subsequent to 1804, were not circulated, and were without exception proof patterns. These were the 5s. 6d. and the five SHILLINGS S-5 SIXPENCE 181 1.
THREE SHILLINGS
Armoured
Bust.
1811.
45. O Laureate and draped bust to right in armour, georgius hi dei gratia rex The first leaf of laurel points to the. first limb of e
in dei
Five berries
>
in wreath.
bank token
twenty-four acorns.
3 shill. R.r.
Boyne
46. O Similar, but with the first leaf of laurel under the space between d and e of dei R.r. fy Similar, but a wreath of oak of twenty-five acorns.
47.
9>
3 shill.
R.r.
end of e
in
dei
O As
9>
last.
R.
50. O Laureate and draped bust to the right in armour, georgius hi dei gratia rex The first leaf of laurel points to the end of e in dei Four berries in the wreath. > bank token 3 shill. 18 1 2 within a wreath of oak with twenty -seven acorns.
Boyne
51.
19.
Also
in Brass.
R.
Nos. 45
to 51
by Pingo.
O Laureate head
is
&
53.
georgius in dei gratia rex The under the space between 1 of dei and g of gratia bank token 3 shill. 1 8 1 2 within a wreath of oak and olive.
to right,
Plate
J,
no.
1.
54.
A A
Proof
in
Gold
is in
the British
Museum.
in
R.r.r.
is
Gold,
in
the
British
Museum.
55. O Laureate head to right, georgius hi dei gratia rex top leaf of laurel points to the centre of d in dei R.r. V As No. 53,
The
Boyne
56.
20.
Also in Platinum.
R.r.r.
Boyne
1813.
21.
57.
O Similar
9=
is
between the
in
bank token
olive.
1814.
58.
0-
Same
as
last.
last,
9=
Similar to
1815.
59.
O Same
fy
as
last.
Similar to
last,
60.
shill,
8 16
Boyne
R.r.r.
25.
Nos. 52
to
do by T. Wyon.
EIGHTEEN PENCE.
Armoured
61.
Bust, 181 i.
rex
in
O Laureate bust to right in armour, georgius hi dei gratia The end of the centre ribbon turns upwards, bank token is. 6d. 1811 within a wreath, an acorn over b
Pingo.
Plate
J,
bank.
no.
2.
BANK OF ENGLAND.
62.
O
Jt
end of the outer ribbon turns downwards. acorn over the b in bank is omitted. the Similar, but
Unknown.
Probably a forgery of the period.
1812.
63.
O Same
>
as last.
last,
Similar to
is. 6d.
1812
Pingo.
Laureate Head,
1812.
64 O Laureate head to right, georgius hi gratia rex 9> bank token is. 6d. 1812 within a wreath of oak and
Boyne
30.
olive.
65.
O Same
>
bank token
Boyne
32.
is.
6d. 18 13
66.
wreath
projects.
is
Similar to last, but the terminating centre leaf in the laurel the same length as the outer ones, whereas in the last it
& Similar to last, but the tops of the ones point to the right Unknown. instead of to the left.
This
is
in brass,
and
in
1814.
67.
O
9
Similar to Similar to
last, last,
1815.
68.
O Same
5k
as
last. last,
Similar to
is.
6d. 18 15
1816.
69.
O Same
9>
as last.
last,
Similar to
last.
is.
6d. 18 16
70.
O As
Shilling and Eighteen Pence Tokens were extensively forged. In consequence the government announced that the law would strictly be enforced, as will be seen from the notice here reproduced. " Bank Tokens. Counterfeiters are liable to seven years transportation Utterers, first time, six months imprisonment second time, two years imprisonment third time, fourteen
; ; ;
^ As
years imprisonment."
Bath
Chro?ticle,
August
15th, 181
1.
COINAGE.
Laureate head to
right,
>
bank
token 9D
and
olive.
R.r.
72.
Also
in
Copper.
Phillips, p. 34.
73. This obverse was muled with the reverse of a Farthing of George IV, and struck in Platinum. Nos. 62 to 72 by T. Wyon. Montagu,
p.
120.
The Ninepence was submitted as a pattern, but was not approved, the obverse was afterwards used for the Irish 10 Pence Token.
BANK OF IRELAND.
SIX SHILLINGS.
Bust to Right.
74. O Laureate and draped bust to the right, georgius hi dei gratia rex. truncation mark c.h.k The first leaf of laurel is under the end of e in del in her right hand a palm branch, 9> Hibernia seated to left k on the ground bank of Ireland her left resting on a harp TOKEN Ex. 1804 SIX SHILLINGS
;
Boyne
75.
37.
Also
in
Copper.
Boyne
38.
76.
77.
mark c.h.k
close together.
f,
dei
78.
The
Similar, but the first leaf of laurel points to the centre of c.h.k truncation mark
:
in
Also
in
Copper.
79. 80.
rex
Also
in
Copper.
first leaf
first
limb of
Also
in
Copper.
BANK OF IRELAND.
Bust to Left.
to the
left,
georgius hi dei
9>
Hibernia seated to
;
left
in
her
left
token
This
1900.
ground
Copper. Lot 197, Lawrence Sale Sotheby, is obviously a restrike. but of an early date. feature about the Bank of Ireland Six Shilling Tokens struck on similar blanks, and were of the same specific gravity as the 1804 Five Shilling Dollars.
is
bank of Ireland Philip and Kuchler. Wilkinson & Hodge, May 3rd,
;
is
Bank
HALF CROWN.
84.
to the right,
georgivs
in
token
Pingo.
Plate A,
no.
2.
TENPENCE.
1805.
86.
gratia
O Laureate and draped bust to the right, georgius The first laurel leaf is under the e in dei > BANK TOKEN TEN PENCE IRISH 1805
Boyne
40.
hi dei
first
laurel leaf
is
under the d
in
dei
R.
1806.
88.
to the right,
georgius hi dei
in
gratia
9>
hand laurel leaf is under the e BANK TOKEN TEN PENCE IRISH 1 806
right
Boyne
41.
The
dei PingO.
1813.
to right, georgius hi dei gratia rex 89. The outer end of the ribbon lines to the e in georgius bank token 10 pence irish 1813 within a wreath of
O Laureate head
shamrock.
This obverse
is
T.
the one engraved for the English
Wyon.
9D of
1812.
Boyne C
42.
10
90. O Similar to last, but the outer end of the ribbon lines between the e and o in georgius 9> Similar, but the i in 10 totiches a shamrock leaf, whereas in the last it is distant from it. Unknown.
Probably a forgery of the time.
FIVEPENCE.
1805.
91.
GRATIA
1806.
92.
to the right,
georgivs hi dei
PingO.
GRATIA
BANK TOKEN
806
COUNTERMARKED TOKENS.
ENGLAND.
*
- A -
go
f s
CC
Scale of Mionnet.
The
size
of
in
Mionnefs
DOLLAR.
Small Oval Stamp. SILVER. 1. Bust of George III countermarked in a small oval on the obverse of a Spanish dollar.
Boyne
2.
i.
g r also countermarked
Meili
8.
at the side.
3.
countermarked
at the side.
Meili 52.
4.
This stamp was the same as used by the Goldsmiths' Company, and the Dollars were
an equivalent for
5.
4/9.
Similar, but
oval.
6.
7.
Similar, but
g r
O^CD
R.r.r.
Plate A,
This
is
Board of Ordnance.
r
8.
x z\ h c
co no value
expressed.
In Mr. Bowles' cabinet.
12
9.
Washington
(?)
to
left,
reported 1816 "The order for stamping these was given in March 1797 and In 1797 an attempt was made by the Treasury in the year 2,325,099 at 4/9 each were issued." to supplement the deficiency of silver coinage by the issue of the Spanish dollars, and half, quarter, and eighth dollars, countermarked on the obverse with the bust of George III, the stamp, an oval one, being that used by the Goldsmiths' Company for stamping the plate of the Country. The dollars were to be current for 4s. 9d which gave rise to the saying " two Kings'headsnot worth acrown." Coins of'Great Britain and Ireland, no. 865. H. A.Grueber.
The Bank
Octagonal Stamp.
in
an
5.
octagon, countermarked
on a
Boyne
Maundy Penny,
in
addition, counterstruck over the large bust with the small oval head. This singular piece is probably unique, and was sold in the Marshall sale at Sotheby's, lot 568, March 1852. It suggests the query " If two Kings' heads are not worth a Crown, what are three worth ? The octagonal countermark was by the Order of the Treasury, and was resorted to in 1804 in consequence of the extensive forgeries of the mark of the Goldsmiths' Company.
1804.
Counterfeit
S. J. Ingleby, who were tried and convicted at the Assizes in 1814, and transported for 12 years. The specimen here described is said to have been the identical forgery countermarked COUNTERFEIT by authority for the purposes of conviction. On February 9th, 18 10, Henry Hase, the chief Cashier of the Bank of England; produced evidence before a special committee appointed by the House of Commons on the currency, that the dollars stamped and issued between the years 1797 and 1810 numbered 4,817,634.
Warwick
HALF DOLLAR.
13. Bust of
George
i.
14.
in
George
III
on an octagonal, similar to
Plate H,
no.
1.
no. 10.
R.r.
QUARTER DOLLAR.
16.
in
i.
R.
R.
17.
in
10.
COUNTERMARKED TOKENS.
ONE SHILLING. William III on a shield m
;
13
18.
Bust of
And
on another shield r
(Mary Regina
19.
?)
(M.
I.)
10.
R.r.r.
20. e.s.
II Shilling.
Murdoch
collection of tokens.
i.
R.r.
HALFPENNY.
COPPER. 22. Bust of George III in a small oval, similar to no. London and Middlesex Halfpenny of 1792. R.r.r.
Atkins 140
;
i,
on a
740.
PLATE H,
no.
3.
This countermark
is
Company and
perfectly struck.
COUNTBRMARKED TOKENS.
ENGLAND.
DERBYSHIRE.
DOLLAR.
SILVER.
23. cromford Derbyshire, in a circle (M. 3) struck on a Spanish Dollar. R.
;
Plate H,
24.
no. 4.
countermarked on bust.
R.r.
27.
25.
The
R.r.r.
DORSETSHIRE. SHERBORNE.
DOLLAR.
26. sterling countermarked in a small rectangle
;
the
monogram
In Mr. Bowles' cabinet. Preter, Pew & Whitty, Bankers at Sherborne, a Five-shilling Piece in the eighteenth century.
said issued
POOLE.
SHILLING.
COPPER.
in a garter, &c. female seated one shilling &c, as Poole no. 8 marked on a Walsall Church Penny.
27.
O w. best
&
counter-
Plate
This rare piece
I,
no. 4.
is in
Mr.
Bliss' cabinet.
COUNTERMARKED TOKENS.
15
DURHAM.
HALF CROWN.
SILVER.
28.
On
;
(M.
2)
a shield, a ship in full sail to right above, S Shield, R.r.r. struck on a Charles II Half Crown.
;
SHILLING.
29.
R.r.r.
HALFPENNY.
COPPER. 30. Also struck on a Halfpenny of George III.
The
last three are in the
R.r.
Murdoch
collection of tokens.
LANCASHIRE.
CARK-IN-CARTMEL.
31.
expressed
no value
Plate K,
no.
1.
MANCHESTER.
hampson & son in a circle a rose divides 32. mary mary and son (M. 5) in the centre, man ches ter a period over man and under ter No value expressed countermarked on a George III Halfpenny. R.r.
. .
MIDDLESEX.
HALF CROWN.
SILVER. 33. DAVIS WINE & BRANDY MERCHANT 46 HOUNDSDITCH LONDON in no value expressed a circle also countermarked above with the figure of Sir John Falstaff.
; ;
34.
Rose
in
houndsditch
omitted.
White
This countermark
Co.,
Wine
generally found on Charles II Half Crowns. John Davis, and Brandy Merchant, Colem Street, Houndsditch, existed in 1790.
PENNY.
COPPER.
35. Similar to no. 34, but struck
on a Penny of George
III.
16
HALFPENNY. clarke above, a lion couchant in a square compartment lon don surmounted by the Royal crown in a rectangle no value expressed countermarked on a George III Halfpenny. R.r.
;
; ;
Plate
J,
no.
3.
George
III.*
These countermarked pieces were issued in the silver token period by Davis, of the Falstaff Inn. There is a public house of that sign in Houndsditch at the present time.
38. O A lion couchant gardant fondling a dog, exeter change LONDON PIDCOCK 9> A beaver eating a root, the beaver 1801 countermarked on a George III Halfpenny.
Davis catalogue, Sotheby's, March
11, 1901, lot 147.
;
iohn tate & son. London, in a circle (M. 5) and within an inner circle, a woolsack, countermarked on a George III Halfpenny.
39.
In Mr. Norman's cabinet.
Plate K,
no.
2.
NORTHUMBERLAND.
may north shields flourish
Within a wreath
8)
On
J & 01
Under, 1795
;
of laurel
counterstruck on a
(
Spanish Dollar.
In the British
The
struck.
NOTTINGHAMSHIRE.
EAST RETFORD.
DOLLAR.
41.
3
:
Sf
No value expressed,
In the British Museum. Boyne says "In the MS. catalogue it is said to have been issued from the Revolution Mill, East Retford." This town was famous for its mills early in the nineteenth century, and the reputation is still maintained.
SUFFOLK.
BURY.
FARTHING.
COPPER. 42. bury w.
reverse of old
"
There was also, at the time of the Reformation, a college in this town, named Jesus and was situated in College Street it had a Guild attached to it, and consisted of a Warden and six Associates or priests. This building is now converted into a workhouse. The College was founded by King Edward I." History of Bury, by Gillingwater.
College,
COUNTERMARKED TOKENS.
17
WARWICKSHIRE.
BIRMINGHAM.
TWO
COPPER.
43. O A female seated extending alms, etc., countermarked w (Workhouse). two shillings and sixpence etc. countermarked w (Work-
house).
R.
Plate
For
full
I,
no.
i.
O
9>
A
S
An
ornament
D
i.
sure reward
Wyon,
ONE SHILLING.
45.
l?
Nile, August,
i.
1798.
R.
Wyon.
Plate
I,
no.
2.
YORKSHIRE. BOLTON.
SILVER.
bolton castle. Yorkshire. surmounted by a flaming torch, between sprigs of laurel and scythes, arrows crossed, a skull, and an hour glass at foot time destroys all things 1 797. (M. 8) counterstruck on a Spanish Dollar with the additional countermark of the small oval of George III.
46.
O The
ruins of a fortress,
>
An
urn,
in
March, 1901,
18
BRADFORD.
THREE SHILLINGS.
countermarked 47. Bradford workhouse no value expressed R. on a Three Shilling Token of the armour type.
;
Plate H,
no.
5.
on a
is.
Bradford workhouse no value expressed R.r. 6d. Token of the armour type.
countermarked
THIRSK.
SHILLING.
1)
countermarked on a
Plate H,
no.
6.
BRADFORD.
PENNY.
COPPER.
50.
and
is
Most
KEIGHLEY.
51. keighley and on the reverse keighley in a straight line at the top, and keighley in a curved line at the bottom countermarked on various Nineteenth Century Penny Tokens.
;
Warwickshire Token Coinage, 751. These were issued by the Keighley Overseers of the Poor, Boyne Yorkshire Tokens, no. 107.
to
in 1818.
52.
53.
As
As
last,
r.
j
m.
54.
As
w,
COUNTERMARKED TOKENS.
19
SCOTLAND.
AYRSHIRE.
FIVE SHILLINGS
AND SIXPENCE.
;
SILVER. within an in a circle {M. 3) 55. catrine. cotton, works No. inner circle the value 5/6 countermarked on a Spanish Dollar. R.r.r.
FIVE SHILLINGS. No. catrine works, in an oval (M. 7) and in the R.r.r. centre the value 5/ countermarked on a Spanish Dollar.
56.
;
57.
catrine. cotton,
value 4/9
+ in a circle (M. 4) within an inner value 5/6. On the reverse a view of the blast furnaces at work with the date 1809 under all within a circle (M. 3) countermarked on a Spanish Dollar. R.r.r.
;
circle the
;
Meili 40.
60.
the
same
as
last,
reverse.
R.r.r.
BUTESHIRE,
61
.
circle
DOLLAR. rothsay cotton works, in a beaded circle (M. 2) in a cable the value 4/6 and date 1820. countermarked on a Spanish
;
Dollar.
R.r.
Plate H,
no.
8.
HALF DOLLAR.
62. payable at rothsay mills x in a circle (M. 4) and in an inner circle the value 2/6 countermarked on a segment of a Spanish Dollar. R.r. Plate H, no. 9.
;
63. Similar, but the value expressed on a rectangle [M. star countermarked at the right. In the Murdoch collection of tokens.
1)
and a
64. payable
inner circle
Dollar.
ONE-THIRD OF DOLLAR. at rothsay mills + in a circle {M. 4); and within an the value 1/8 countermarked on a segment of a Spanish
Plate
A, no.
4.
R.r.r.
20
COPPER. countermarked on a George III Halfpenny 65. Also in Copper and on Eighteenth Century Tokens, but no value is expressed.
;
centre
payable at rothsay cotton mills in a circle (M. 5) countermarked a woolsack no value expressed George III Halfpenny. R.r,
66.
;
in the
on
SILVER.
67.
5/,
CLACKMANNANSHIRE.
;
payable at alloa colliery + in a circle [M. 4) in the centre R.r.r. incuse; countermarked on a Spanish Dollar.
Similar, but with the additional small bust of
left
68.
George
III
struck at the
of
5/,
Plate H,
In Mr. Bliss
:
no.
10.
cabinet.
SHILLING.
69. Similar to 67, but countermarked on a Shilling of George III without the cross after colliery and no value expressed.
In the
;
Murdoch
collection of tokens.
HALFPENNY.
COPPER.
70. Similar, but
countermarked on George
II
ELGIN.
dollar.
SILVER.
71. ballindalloch * in an outer circular legend [M. 3) and in an inner circular legend cotton* works* in the centre a large 5/ countermarked on a Spanish Dollar. R.r.r.
;
Plate H,
no.
11.
HALFPENNY.
COPPER. 72. ballindalloch cotton work in a circle (M. 7) and in the centre a woolsack countermarked on a no value expressed George III Halfpenny.
;
;
;
In Mr. Bliss
cabinet.
COUNTERMARKED TOKENS.
74.
21
Similar to
last,
R.r.r,
75.
Similar to
last,
R.r.r.
GLASGOW.
DOLLAR.
a circle (M. 2) within an inner circle the value 5/. countermarked on a Spanish Dollar. R.r. Plate H, no. 13. Issued by the Glasgow Bank Company whose London Agents were Morland, Ransom
76.
in
;
Glasgow bank +
&
77.
rob t crichton
circle
Glasgow
4/6
inner
R.r.r.
the
value
From a Block
78.
in possession of
Spink
&
Son.
;
steven & sons p t Glasgow in a ribbed circle (M. 3) and circle the value 4/6 countermarked on a Spanish cable within a R.r.r. Dollar.
+
a.
Thistle Bank.
FIVE SHILLINGS.
SILVER.
in a circle (M. 2), and, within an inner circle, 79. thistle bank On the reverse a thistle in a circle (M. 2) counterthe value 5/ marked on a Spanish Dollar. R.r.r.
The same
R.r.
15.
81.
as last
but the
thistle
countermark on the
reverse omitted.
22
R.r.r.
Murdoch
collection of tokens.
In the
These tokens were issued by the Thistle Bank Company, Glasgow, whose London agents were Smith, Payne & Co., George Street, Mansion House. The Order of the Thistle, known also as the Order of St. Andrew, was first mentioned in the inventory of the effects of James III, who probably adopted it as an appropriate illustration of the royal motto, " In defence."
LANARK.
DOLLAR. payable at Lanark mtlls- in a circle (M. 5) and R.r. 5/ incuse countermarked on a Spanish Dollar.
83.
;
in the centre
Plate H,
no. 14.
84
85.
R.r.r.
4)
;
in a circle
(M.
and
in
the
Similar, but with the additional countermark In the Murdoch collection of tokens.
at the right.
HALF DOLLAR. payable at Lanark mills in a circle {M. 5) and in the centre 2/6 incuse countermarked on a Half-ecu of France. R.r.
87.
;
Boyne
30.
FARTHING.
COPPER. 88. Lanark, cotton, mills,
thistle sprigs
;
in the centre
crest,
the
monogram
Plate K,
&
no.
(0
&) {M. 5)
countermarked
R.r.
about mid-day the preparation house at Lanark Mills was set on fire, in consequence of part of the teazing machinery becoming red hot by friction. The fire was soon extinguished, but not before .200 worth of cotton was destroyed." Star
"
On Wednesday week
Newspaper,
MIDLOTHIAN.
HALFPENNY.
Mr. Bowles has, in wilkison Edinburgh
his cabinet,
PERTHSHIRE.
HALF DOLLAR. adelphi cotton work in a circle (M. 6), and, in the centre, a woolsack the right hand knot is over the r in work no value expressed countermarked on a Half-ecu of France. R.r.r.
SILVER.
89.
;
;
Plate H,
no. 16.
COUNTERMARKED TOKENS.
COPPER.
90. adelpiii
23
cotton work
in
a circle (M.
6),
and,
in
the centre, a
woolsack; on the reverse Four Shillings and Six countermarked on a George III Halfpenny.
Plate K,
This
is
Pence
1786
no. 4.
in
copper and
is in
HALFPENNY.
91.
As
89, but
92. adelphi * cotton work * in a similar circle, but the knot at the right lines to the o in work countermarked on Copper Halfpence. The woolsack first made its appearance in the House of Lords, during the reign of Edward III, to remind the Peers of the importance of England's staple trade.
;
In the reign of
DEANSTON.
DOLLAR.
SILVER.
93.
5/'
in a circle
(M.
7),
and
in the centre
R.r.r.
Plate H,
no. 17.
HALFPENNY.
COPPER.
94.
The same
in
Charles II
Bawbee
of Scotland
:
Copper, but without the value expressed on a also on Halfpennies of George III.
; ;
R.
Boyne says " I cannot learn where it was used." These Mills were the Deanston Mills, but were known as the Adelphi Cotton Works, and were situated on the West bank of the river Teath. In 1794 the owners were James and Archibald Buchanan &* Company.
LOCHEARN.
HALFPENNY.
95. dun.
m laren merch
t
-
lochearn.
no.
5.
in
a circle (M. 7)
no value
expressed.
Plate K,
Countermarked on a Coventry Eighteenth Century Token. countermark on a silver coin have failed.
All efforts to trace the
RENFREWSHIRE. GREENOCK.
SILVER.
96. r & g. blair. greenock. in an oval (M. centre 4/6 countermarked on a Spanish Dollar. Plate H, no. 18.
4x2),
R.r.r.
and, in the
24
97. payable by i & w scott greenock countermarked on a Spanish Dollar the value 4/9 expressed on a rectangle (M. 1).
;
In the
Murdoch
5/-
collection of tokens.
98.
a king greenock.
Rr.r.
99. Similar, but value 4/6.
100.
j.
m? k- &
centre, 4/6
Son greenock. in a toothed circle (M. 3), and, countermarked on a Spanish Dollar. R.r.r.
Plate H,
101.
no. 19.
mc
fie
(M.
5),
and, in
lindsay & coy * greenock * in a beaded circle the centre, 4/6 countermarked on a Spanish Dollar.
Plate H,
no. 20.
R.r.r.
102.
103.
The
j
same, but
s incuse,
4.
R.r.r.
Meili 37.
&
a.
muir * * greenock in a beaded circle (M. 4), and, countermarked on a Spanish Dollar. R.r.r.
104. a muir * greenock * within a beaded circle {M. 4), and, in the centre, 4/6 countermarked on a Spanish Dollar. R.r.r.
LEVERNBANK.
105. s
centre, 5/6
d & Co levern mill- in a circle {M. 4), and, countermarked on a Spanish Dollar. R.r.r.
in the
106. The same, but with an additional countermark s d in a small beaded circle a puncheon mark over all to obliterate the value. Plate H, no. 21.
;
107. s R.r.r.
& Co
levern
mill
same
5.
LOCHWINNOCH.
108. a. Gibson & c. lochwinnoch. in a circle {M. 6), and, within an inner circle, the value 5/- countermarked on a Spanish Dollar.
R.r.r.
Plate H,
no. 22.
PAISLEY.
109. corcer paisley, in a circle {M. 2), and, countermarked on a Spanish Dollar. R.r.r.
in the centre, 5/-
mercht paisley
;
in
puncheon mark
In the
Murdoch
collection of tokens.
COUNTERMARKED TOKENS.
111. (pay)able by w.
centre, 5/3
25
langm
... in
circle
{M.
7),
and, in the
R.r.r.
112. Similar, but the arms of Paisley in the centre, and on the countermarked on a reverse paisley... society in a circle {M. 6)
;
Spanish Dollar.
R.r.r.
Meili 33.
paisley, in a plain and beaded circle {M. 3), and, in the centre, 5/. On the reverse the Prince of Wales' plumes and motto in a circle (M. 3) countermarked on a Spanish Dollar.
113.
j.
muir
Manuf
R.r.r.
Plate H,
no. 23.
STIRLINGSHIRE.
CULGREUCH.
DOLLAR.
114. payable
at culgreuch mill *
R.r.r.
in
a circle (M.
4),
and, in the
115. Similar to
last,
5/-
R.r.r.
HALFPENNY.
COPPER.
116. Similar to no.
1
14,
tho s whyte
Tokens.
SILVER.
R.r.
countermarked
117. forster & corbe hotcheson town in a circle (M. 3), and, within a double circle, the value 5/- countermarked on a Spanish
Dollar.
R.r.r.
118. Similar, but forster & corbe hotcheson mill. R.r.r. The factory at Culgreuch was erected in 1796. For this information I am indebted
Mr. William Paterson, Chief of the Glasgow Fire Brigade.
to
FINTRY.
COPPER.
(Payable) by. Robert m c nee fintry * in a circle (M. countermarked on a Glasgow Eighteenth Century Token.
119.
p.
6),
26
IRELAND.
(Co)
DOWN.
;
HALFPENNY.
COPPER. "120. payable at m* s somervills. down in a circle (M. 6) value expressed; countermarked on a George III Halfpenny.
In Mr. Bliss' cabinet.
no
(Co.)
SILVER.
121.
DUBLIN.
SHILLING.
O gibbons
9>
bistruck,
and md
Boyne
iob.
The monogram
i.
J ft
shamrocks
in as
122.
O
9>
Three
four-leaf
many compartments.
Blank.
i
123.
O
9>
J ft
in
a rectangle
r with c under.
three times countermarked. obverse.
125.
O m c o'grady
$t
As
J
126.
M C QUOID
bistruck.
^ bolton
127.
o'brien
M D
128.
O
O
>
o'neill
$ M
129.
j
ffi
&
and X
130.
O toole
9>
Blank.
ioa.
131.
0-
wilson
Blank.
bistruck.
B>
COUNTERMARKED TOKENS.
SIXPENCE.
132.
27
O A M 9> H
133.
O powell and
^rfb
s Aquilla Smith says " about the year 1804, many traders issued silver pieces, which passed They were thin pieces not worth more than sixpence each, usually stamped as shillings. with the name or initials of the issuers, and frequently countermarked." Mr. Fletcher has two irregularly shaped silver pieces, from the Gillespie collection, which, without any device The dearth of silver being such as to command exor countermark, circulated as coin. change on the merits of its intrinsic value.
(Co.)
KILKENNY. CASTLECOMER.
DOLLAR.
'
SILVER.
134. payable
3)
;
at
'
castle
comer colliery
in
S
an oval (M. 4 by
D
and
countermarked
on a Spanish Dollar.
Plate H,
Aquilla Smith, in his Silver Tokens of Ireland, 1855, p. 5, says "I am indebted to Mr. T. G. Robertson of Kilkenny, for the following account of this countermarked Dollar friend of mine, who has often seen the coin, says that, about fifty years ago, Anne Countess of Dromore, not wishing to lose by the depreciated value of Spanish Dollars, of which she had at that time a large number, caused all she had to be stamped with the legend Castle Comer Colliery, Five shillings and five pence.' Coals for that amount being given for them at the pits, Kilkenny traders used to take them in exchange for their commodities, knowing that they could give them afterwards to colliers in payment of coals."
'
'
HALFPENNY.
COPPER.
135.
i*
Mitchell,
h.
down
in
a circle {M. 5)
nov'ahie expressed
ISLE OF
COPPER.
IV1AN.
SHILLING.
136. incuse countermarked on the reverse of a Peel Castle Shilling token. R.r. Halliday.
;
Nelson,
pi.
Ill, no. 9.
Dr. Nelson informs me that there are four specimens known of this Countermark and, in a note on p. 34 of his work, gives the names of three gentlemen who possess one each. They appear to be all struck in copper.
28
LOCALITY UNKNOWN.
CROWN.
SILVER.
JAS.
137.
meeson
R.r.
No value expressed,
Crown.
R.r.r.
HALF CROWN.
139. oates & co. France. R.r.r.
2
shill s 6 countermarked on
Half-ecu
of
v
X'
X
%
X
Si
ts.
3*
4,
s.
*.
^
so
^
*
:^
N
\1
>
N^
\
s
/
ss
\X
<x
"^
OVERSEERS',
GOLD.
1.
bust,
to left, with sceptre Alfred below the pignora certa petis do pignora certa
;
(Pledges sure thou askest, I give sureties faithful). DWTS GR 1 8 READING > 40 SHILLINGS BERKS TOKEN STAND ? GOLD 6 legend payable in b* notes at 6? the dwt. by i. b. in a circle monck esq ?-? R.r. Plate A, no. 5.
1
.
same, in Silver. R.r.r. Halliday. Edward Thomason's Memoirs it is stated that the gold tokens were eagerly purchased at $ each as mementos of the only issue of tokens struck in gold. The Sheffield 10/6 and the proof of the Bank of England token in gold were, however,
2.
In Sir
The
struck subsequently
and the
latter at the
Soho mint.
HALF CROWN.
SILVER.
five busts in saltire, the central 3. O The arms of Reading, azure one (Queen Elizabeth) between e r legend labimur in pejus donec meliora revertant. 1811. (We pass into the worse until the better
;
may
return).
>
sprigs of
half crown token span. doll, silver 6 dwts between palm legend payable in bank notes by i. b. monck esq r ?
;
reading,
x.
Halliday.
to
Boyne Reading
186.
in the reign of
Queen
Elizabeth.
EIGHTEEN PENCE.
Similar to last, except in size. 9> Similar to last, but 18 pence token span: doll, silver 4 dwts The left top sprig of palm points to the centre of the t in token and the 8 is under the y in by
4.
Boyne
5.
187.
O The same
9>
as last.
1.
and the
6.
9>
doll and the 8 is under top sprig to the space between pence and token R.
as last.
O The same
Similar as regards the position of the 8, but has a period after doll, and the sprig terminates at the t in token Halliday. J. Berkeley Monck was a Member of Parliament.
30
COINAGE.
BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
HIGH WYCOMBE.
SHILLING.
SILVER.
L O The
in
a shield
9=
arms of the borough, a swan gorged and chained, not high wycombe & Buckinghamshire token xii pence
of the
View
Town
Hall
james gomme
ioo.
Ex
mdcccxi
Halliday.
Boyne
The
From
31
CAMBRIDGESHIRE.
MARCH.
SHILLING.
SILVER.
1.
0-
The golden
::
fleece,
payable by mess rs *
in
s.
ratcliffe
e.
elam
&
J. THURBON |k MARCH SILVER TOKEN ONE SHILLING trade * issued nov r i 1811 *
a Circle
TO FACILITATE
Halliday.
grocers, John Thurbon a brewer. About Stephen Ratcliffe 1,400 of these shillings were issued. Boyne says " After the tokens had been current a short time it was discovered that there were more in circulation than the proprietors had issued. They were in consequence withdrawn from circulation and the silver sold in London." If this statement is founded on fact the same dies were used for those wrongly circulated as no variety of the token exists. E. W. Elam, grocer, March, was declared bankrupt May 20th, 18 17. London Gazette.
no. 6.
CHATTERIS.
FARTHING.
COPPER.
2 O A sugar-loaf labelled w c c and two canisters inscribed hyson and souchong chatteris farthing. 18 13 B> W. CURTIS. GROCER & TEA DEALER LINNEN & WOOLEN DRAPER, WHOLESALE & RETAIL.
3.
w. cvrtis.
18 13.
I
chatteris farthing,
with an ornament
R.V.T.
8 13.
O Blank.
9>
As
last.
5.
O As
#>
Blank.
Hallidciy.
MARCH.
6. O john smith 1820 march isle of ely An ornament under MARCH Jk LINEN & WOOLEN DRAPER & TEA DEALER WHOLESALE & RETAIL
Boyne was under a wrong impression with respect to the extreme rarity of this token, as they are not difficult to obtain. The issuer was the successor to Edward Elam, and in 1825 he had a similar farthing struck. John Thurbon, as late as 1827, also issued tokens of farthing size.
32
CHESHIRE. NANTWICH.
SHILLING.
SILVER.
1. O Arms (quarterly first and fourth or, second and third gules, a bend sable over all) nantwich token value one shilling R at the old bank within a garter inscribed payable i8ii
; ;
band.
3.
Similar to R.r.
last,
is
incuse
upon a
plain broad
O value one
shill.
within a wreath
circle
broughton. sprout.
The persons whose names are on this token were the proprietors whose London Agents were Stevenson & Salt, 80, Lombard Street.
Gazette.
London
STOCKPORT.
SHILLING.
4.
O Beehive and
...
sixteen bees,
t.
cartwright &
g.
&
r.
ferns
STOCKPORT
copia small
;
R Female
token
5.
seated on a bale to right holding scales and cornuon the ground a sword the initials v & d under the hilt ; a h on the bale a ship in the distance one shilling silver
; ; ;
181
O
.
.
port
R
6.
7.
Similar to last, but g & r. ferns & t. cartwright with fifteen bees. Similar, but without the h on the bale.
Boyne
213.
stock-
Similar to
last,
R. R.
stockport
...
Cheshire
...
on tokens of Mansfield and Doncaster. -George and Robert Ferns were tallow chandlers in the Market Place. George Ferns was declared bankrupt
These reverses
9, 1821.
March
SIXPENCE.
t. cartwright ... stockport ... 8. O Beehive and fifteen bees Female seated as before, but ivithout sword, the initials R y & d are partly under the bale and the figure the small h omitted
;
;
Halliday.
in
Plate A, no. 7. This reverse occurs again at Doncaster. Thomas Cartwright was a draper
the
33
CORNWALL.
COUNTY.
SHILLING.
SILVER.
1.
O Arms
fy
(fifteen bezants, 5
over
4, 3, 2
and
.
1),
north Cornwall.
1811
2.
R.r.r.
This reverse occurs also on Devonshire County, and London, Charing Cross.
3.
O The same
9=
as
last.
PENNY TOKEN SOLD BY MORGAN * 12 rathbone place * london * displayed with various ornaments. R.
SILVER * TWELVE
Boyne
4.
58.
O Arms
between
two sprigs of olive, Cornwall. 1811. 9> a token for one shilling within a wreath.
5.
6.
R.
R'.r.
is
but date
omitted.
59.
Boyne
All efforts, up to the present, have failed to trace this undated token. an error, or omission in description.
Probably
it is
LAUNCESTON.
shilling.
7.
O
Jl
A
w.
1811
a
circle,
prockter within
by an error, has nichols instead of nicols William and George Pearse were drapers of Newport, Thomas Ching, Chemist, Henry Nicols, Broad Street, and John Prockter, Silversmith, Southgate Street, Launceston.
Boyne
46, 107,
STRATTON.
shilling.
8.
i.
;
shephard.
watts &
co.
STRATTON.
R.
Boyne
215.
&
34
9.
between two sprigs of olive; h.m. under; Devonshire silver token. See Devonshire no. 4. & The same as last. R. Halliday.
Boyne
For another token relating
216.
to Cornwall, see
Devonshire no.
1
;
9.
10.
as no.
circle
barnstaple *
strat
ton *
In Mr. Bowies' cabinet.
Unknown.
COUNTY.
PENNY.
COPPER.
supporters, crest, and motto pro rege et populo people) the foot of the right hand supporter is between the po of populo 9> penny piece in a circle, success to the cornish mines 18 12 the p of penny lines with the ce7itre of the second s in success
11. (for
;
Sharp
12.
192,
1.
O Similar
&
13.
to last, but foot of supporter is over the o in populo Similar, but the p in penny lines with the end of s
O
$>
POPULO
Similar, but the p lines to the space
between
and t
Halliday.
DOLCOATH MINE.
14.
O The same
>
as
last.
circle,
192, 2. at
Camborne.
WEST WHEAL
15.
0-
MINE.
;
View of
St.
Michael's
Mount
token.
9> The Prince of Wales' feathers issuant from a coronet motto, ich dien (I serve), west wheel (sic) fortune, one penny token. R.r.
Sharp
192, 4.
Plate A,
no.
8.
Sharp says Sir George Chetwynd had a specimen of this rare token in which the misspelling of wheal was " corrected by an indented A, formed by a punch." As this is not a variety of die it is omitted from formal description.
CORNWALL.
35
O View of St. Michael's Mount, with sea and vessels in the 1 6. foreground, the nearest has 7to ropes between the mast and jib
legend, as before. = Similar to last, but wheal instead of ich is above the end of the ribbon.
wheel and
the
in
17. O Similar to last, but the nearer of the two vessels has two ropes between mast and jib, the flag on the castle is smaller. & Similar to last, but the i in ich is below the end of the ribbon. Halliday.
In consequence of its rich yield of ore the West Wheal Fortune Copper Mine was, during the great depression of 1807, one of the most prosperous in Cornwall. It was situated at Cudgvan, one mile from the present Marazion Road Station.
SCORRIER HOUSE.
18.
O View
in
of a
;
181
a circle
payable in cash
Sharp
192, 6.
19.
As
last.
but legend for the accommodation of the county * the bottom block of tin lines to the bow of the d in ACCOMMODATION
&
Similar,
;
Sharp
192, 7.
20.
O Similar
to
last,
machine instead of rings the door is whereas in the last it is plain. V Similar, but the bottom block of the d
;
21.
bottom block of
limb
of
of d
22.
Similar,
but the
summits of ground
straight
instead
irregular.
23.
R.
O
9>
window
as well as the
doorway
is filled
in
with brickivork.
Similar, but the
limb of a
24.
whereas
in all others
they
bottom block of
tin lines to
the second o in
accommodation
R.
Halliday.
36
25. O Similar view of pumping engine, etc. payable at scorrier house upon a ribbon above ex. one pound note for 240 tokens
;
1812
fy
The
Prince of Wales' feathers issuant from a coronet and (I serve) within a garter inscribed cornish penny Halliday.
Sharp
192,
8.
26.
O Similar
9>
of oak.
to last, but a plain rod instead of a chain to lever. Laureate bust of George 1 1 1 to right, within a thick wreath Halliday. R.
Sharp
192,
9.
Scorrier
to
Redruth, and
in the
PENZANCE.
TWO
TIN.
27.
SHILLINGS.
wheatsheaf in a circle, two shillings + token + samuel higgs + tea dealer and grocer in a circle, PENZANCE +
9,
28.
O
9=
rowe, grocer
penzance
(M.
9).
Halliday.
37
CUMBERLAND.
WHITEHAVEN.
FARTHING.
COPPER.
O A monogram HAVEN *
1.
9>
In an outer
in
circle,
payable at white
circle,
an outer
farthing
Halliday.
token 1812
A, no.
9.
who was
8,
18 17.
O A monogram HAVEN *
9>
W Ji
;
In an outer
circle,
payable at white
1
in
an outer
circle,
farthing token
81
R.
issuer of this farthing
Halliday.
was William Kitchin, also a grocer.
38
DERBYSHIRE,
DERBY.
SHILLING.
SILVER.
with wings displayed, gorged, issuant from a ducal one shilling token, sterling silver. FOR THE USE OF THE INN S AT DERBY ASHBOURN CHESTERFIELD J*> NOTTINGHAM LEICESTER LITCHFIELD (stc) BURTON &C The legend occupies the whole field. R.r.
1.
A griffin
;
coronet
legend,
Plate A,
2.
no. 10.
R.r.
O West View of Peterborough Cathedral, silver xii token DERBY LEICESTER NORTHAMPTON AND RUTLAND LICENSED shilling silver token in a circle legend, h. morgan licensed HalUday. MANUFACTURER I 2 RATHBONE PLACE LONDON. R.r.
3.
9>
;
Boyne,
This obverse
is
6i.
is
similar to, but not the same as Peterborough, no. 3 ; the reverse same as Leicestershire, no. 1. For other tokens relating to Derby, see Leicestershire, nos. 1, 2, 3 and 5.
the
39
DEVONSHIRE. COUNTY.
SHILLINGS.
SILVER.
the g in shilling below the pennon from the mast. #> devon silver token, within a wreath of oak, h - m under.
;
View of Eddystone Lighthouse, ships shilling, h. m on the rock, and h on the wall
1.
0-
at sea
i/colue
one
is
Boyne,
2.
62.
crest a
vert, per fess, lamb and plough, chief, argent, a ship dove between sprigs of olive, h m under, silver token Halliday. R. 9> The same as last.
O Arms,
Plate
3.
A, no.
11.
12.
O View of Eddystone Lighthouse, &c, as no. 1. one shilling token sold by royal licence at morgan's * rathbone place London displayed with various scroll orna9>
ments.
R.
4. O Arms, argent, per pale, a triple tower of the city of Exeter between sprigs of olive, h. m. under Devonshire silver token.
;
9>
The same
as
last.
5.
p>
olive wreath.
Halliday.
6.
O Arms
9>
is
tinted,
between sprigs of
7.
Also a Proof
Copper.
R.
8.
$>
Eddystone Lighthouse,
Halliday.
&c.
9. O Arms, gules, a castle triple towered, but without sprigs at the sides; legend, one shilling and on a ribbon below; Devonshire 9= DEVONSHIRE SOMERSETSHIRE AND CORNWAL (stc) SILVER TOKEN with Staffordshire knots above and below Somersetshire and cornwal R.r.r. Halliday. Plate I, no. 3.
40
10.
Copper.
In Mr. Bliss' cabinet.
18th,
"The
Statesman," Sept.
to
i8ir, announced that "the Devonshire Bank has stamp near five thousand pounds worth of tokens for
Holinshed. in his Chronicle of A.D. 1577, writing on the Silver Mines of Devonshire, " The Workmen of that County being not sufficiently numerous, or not sufficiently expert, three hundred and thirty-seven Miners were, in the Year 1296, brought from the Wapentake of the Peak in Derbyshire, who fined and cast into wedges, in the course of that year, 704 pounds three shillings and one pennyweight. " In the next year 348 Miners were brought from the same place and to them were added 25 from Wales."
BARNSTAPLE.
SHILLING.
11.
lines
l8ll.
The G
in
SHILLING
& Arms
token
13. O ISSUED AT BARNSTAPLE 1 4 NOVEMBER l8ll * BY MESS JOS. EVANS JOHN BOWHAY MICH^ NOTT & R. GRIBBLE Prince of Wales, for convenience $1 The plumes of the of change, in a circle Devonshire silver token for xii pence *
;
Halliday.
Boyne,
9.
For another
The names
Bank.
Shilling of Barnstaple, see Stratton. of the persons given on the token were the proprietors of the Barnstaple
SIXPENCE.
14.
Similar to no.
15.
Similar to no. 13, but Devonshire silver token for vi pence Halliday.
Boyne,
10.
EXETER.
SHILLING.
16.
in
O View
is
shilling
of Eddystone lighthouse, similar to no. 1, but the g above the pennon on mast the initials h, m and h
;
omitted.
$t Arms, per pale, gules and azure a triple tower and supporters of the city motto, semper fidelis (always faithful) crest, R. a demi-lion holding an orb exeter and devon silver token
;
Halliday.
Plate
L, no.
2.
DEVONSHIRE.
17.
41
O JOSEPH
9>
is
HICKS. *
Unknown.
a silversmith, of
This piece
Exeter.
New
Bridge,
TEIGNMOUTH.
SHILLING.
O Crest, a demi-lion holding a lily under the chaplet h m within a garter, inscribed payable at the bank Outer legend, ISSU'D. AT. TEIGNMOUTH. FOR. PUBLIC. ACCOMODATION (su) l8ll.
18.
;
all
9>
WHICH
A.
COST.
I.
SHILLING
NOTE
19.
I.
HOLLAND
R.
Plate
L, no. 3.
O
9>
Similar to
Similar to
last,
and
after
note
R.r.r.
Davies.
COUNTY.
COPPER.
TWOPENCE.
;
s.
9.
smeaton. +
Under,
9> View of a lighthouse view. of. the. high, lighthouse, on. the. spurn, point, compleated. (sic) ap. 7. 1 777. Under the base line, w. upcott. des may. 1801. R.r.
Sharp
190,
1.
42
22.
Taylor.
which
is in
the B.
M.
Wyon.
late
These dies were softened and repaired, and 24 impressions taken by the
W.
J.
reign of King William III, and burnt all the timber work but the stone work, 30 feet high, and founded on a rock, remained unhurt. Admiral West, at Plymouth, seeing the fire, sent out a boat, and took away the two men that had the care of the place." Historical Chronicle, Tuesday Dec. 2, 1755. "The store-vessel came into Plymouth from her moorings at the Edystone, with all the workmen on board, the lighthouse there being entirely compleated under the direction of that excellent mechanic, Mr. Smeaton, F.R.S., without the loss of one life, or any material accident." The Gentlemarfs Magazine, Oct. gth, 1759.
W. Upcott was the famous book collector and antiquary. "The Edystone lighthouse, built by Mr. Winstanley in the
fire,
;
took
TAVISTOCK.
PENNY.
23.
The chimney
is
emitting
smoke
9> The Prince of Wales' feathers issuant from a coronet TAVISTOCK * PENNY TOKEN *
Sharp
193,
1.
Plate
24.
left.
A, no.
12.
Similar to
last,
is
emitting
its
smoke
to the
25.
less
R.
43
DORSETSHIRE. BLANDFORD.
SILVER.
1.
SHILLING.
O The arms of the borough, argent, three lions passant gardant BLAND FORD I 8 I I. 9> ONE SHILLING TOKEN. H. WARD. * FOR PUBLIC ACCOMMODATION.
R.r.r.
Plate
2.
L,
no.
4.
;
O Arms as before, but within a garter payable by h. ward BLANDFORD FOR PUBLIC ACCOMMODATION > ONE SHILLING TOKEN in a circle.
1
1 1
Halliday.
Plate A,
no.
1
3.
In 1806 a prize of fifteen guineas was awarded Henry Ward of Blandford, for a " New Striking-clock Movement," by which the whole train of wheels, used in common clocks, together with the barrel and weight are entirely superseded.
DORCHESTER.
SHILLING.
3. O COX. MERLE &. PATTISON. DORCHESTER BANK ONE. SHILLING token pure, silver displayed with various scroll ornaments. > St. Dunstan standing and leading the Devil by the nose with a pair of pincers between sprigs of olive, know thyself On the R,r. ground, i. d. Davies.
;
Plate A,
The
Pattison, " St.
issuers of the token
2,
no.
14.
were bankers.
Dunstan was born at Glastonbury, of which monastery he became Abbot, and died Archbishop of Canterbury in 988." Butler. The legend of St. Dunstan relates many miracles of him, the most popular of which is that St. Dunstan, as the fact really was, became expert in goldsmith's work that while he was busied in making a chalice, the Devil annoyed him by his personal appearance, and tempted him whereupon St. Dunstan suddenly seized the fiend by the nose with a pair of iron tongs, burning hot, and so held him while he roared and cried till the night was far spent. There is an engraved portrait of St. Dunstan thus detaining the devil in bondage, with these lines, or lines, to that effect, beneath they are quoted from memory
; ;
:
"
Dunstan, as the story goes, Once pulled the Devil by the nose With red hot tongs, which made him roar, That he was heard three miles or more." The Every-Day Book.
St.
POOLE.
SHILLING.
Poole, a dolphin, in chief three escallops, between sprigs of olive; town and county of poole token. i8ii. FERRIS. SILVERSMITH. POOLE, VALUE ONE SHILLING 9> JAMES arranged in two straight lines, and three curved two sprigs of olive below poole and a small ornament above. Boyne 176.
4.
;
O The arms of
44
5.
as
last.
is
but there is no ornament above poole which a straight line there are four leaves and as many berries on right-hand sprig, and one in the centre. Halliday.
Similar to
last,
;
in
6.
O
>
Similar to
last,
much
larger,
more
like annulets.
last,
Similar to
sprig, the
but there are five leaves and as many berries two last berries at the right are nearly
O The same
>
as last.
last,
Similar to
each other.
The
1816.
R.
was a silversmith and watchmaker.
Unknown
He was
declared bankrupt April 27th,
issuer
Legend, one 8. O w. b. best within a garter inscribed payable by POUND NOTE FOR 20 TOKENS. l8l2. & Female seated on a bale, holding scales and cornucopia, a sword below; the initials k. s. under the figure, one shilling silver Made by Kempson Son. token, poole.
&
Boyne
177.
SIXPENCE.
9.
O
fy
Similar, but 40 tokens Similar to last, but six pence silver token, poole. Made by Kempson. Plate A, no. 15.
William B. Best was a draper.
SHAFTESBURY.
shilling.
10.
O Arms
of Shaftesbury, quarterly
first
second and third azure, a leopard's head, Dorsetshire WILTSHIRE. & SHAFTESBURY. BANK TOKEN ONE SHILLING AT SHAFTESBURY OR S. LLOYDS BUCKLERSBURY London Circular legend, for the accommodation of the public. R. 1811
fleur-de-lis,
in
Barge Yard.
O The same
$t
commercial token
i.b.x.r
1 1
R.r. r.
Halliday.
Plate
This piece
is
L, no.
5.
struck in brass.
DORSETSHIRE.
12.
45
O Bust
9>
to
left in
naval
1811
one shilling value within an olive wreath. R.r. R.r. 13. The same in Brass. 14 O Arms similar to no. 10, but legend Shaftesbury bank token HENDERSON & CO.
9
15.
large
in
xn
R.r.
Proof
Copper.
Halliday-
O Arms as before between sprigs of olive, Shaftesbury bank, licensed 14 march 1811. The 14 is the same size as the figures in
16.
date
to left
is
DORSETSHIRE
WILTSHIRE AND
Ucolwe
lines.
one shilling
17.
Also
9=
in
Copper.
last,
R.r.r.
is
18.
O Similar
opposite a leaf.
italics.
Similar to
R.
19.
march
20.
R.
omitted.
R,r.r.
is under the r of bury DORSETSHIRE WILTSHIRE and SHAFTESBURY BANK TOKEN VALUE ONE SHILLING FOR THE ACCOMMODATION OF THE PUBLIC. Ornament under one shilling R.
21.
9>
22.
& THE FLEECE FLOURISH IN ALL THE Halliday. BRITISH ISLES SUCCESS TO AGRICULTURE & NAVIGATION.
9>
Plate
I,
no.
5.
SIXPENCE.
23. as before, but no sprigs at the sides of the shield, Shaftesbury bank, licensed 1 4 march 181 1. The 1 4 is the same size as the figures in date, and larger than the letters in march 9 DORSETSHIRE WILTSHIRE AND SHAFTESBURY BANK TOKEN V'alwe sixpence The top and bottom lines are curved, the last
O The arms
limb of n in token
is
in
Shaftesbury
46
24.
but the 14 is the same size as the letters in limb of n in token is not quite under the foot of Halliday. y 25. G Similar to last, but with for the accommodation of the public added as an inner legend. $ Similar to last, but value in Roman capitals, R.r.
last
Plate
L, no.
7.
THREEPENCE.
26.
O HENDERSON
&
Halliday.
SWANAGE.
TWOPENCE.
COPPER.
27.
0-
785
Milt on.
no.
6.
of excellent workmanship.
47
DURHAM.
STOCKTON.
SHILLING.
SILVER.
1. O Arms (of Stockton) a castle over an anchor, Stockton, above; The anchor stock extends to the last embattlement of 8 1 2 below. the tower, the cable loops quite clear of legend. 9> SILVER TOKEN I SHIL? Legend, CHRISTOPHER AND JENNETT
1
Plate
J,
no.
7.
GATESHEAD.
FARTHING.
COPPER.
3.
END GATES
;
HEAD
h g (Harrop Gateshead)
legend,
FINE TEAS *
4.
RAW
Also
in silver.
SOUTH SHIELDS.
5.
O Bust
#>
A
R.
tO left FRANCIS. ROBINSON. S SHIELDS three-mast ship sailing to left success to the coal trade
8 1 4.
Unknown.
Plate
A, no.
16.
STOCKTON.
PENNY.
6. O View of a bridge; tees above, 181 3 below. Christopher & jennett * Stockton * incuse on a broad rim. 9. Figure of Britannia seated, Britannia * one penny token * incuse on a broad rim. P. Wyon. Plate A, no. 17.
Christopher
&
48
ESSEX. EPPING.
COPPER.
stag proper courant, under a tree. star and garter inscribed, value one shilling. In the centre f Over the star a bugle horn legend, epping * * forest * ed J l E. SPENCE x DEALER x IN x COINS x LONDON x R.r. Plate I, no. 6.
1.
#>
A A
2.
R.
Atkins
la.
3.
plain.
James.
Sharp
2,
no.
i.
WALTHAMSTOW.
PENNY,
;
1812.
Twenty-three Acorns;
rolling mills at walthamstow 4. O A lion statant gardant Ex. one penny 1812 The tip of the tail points to the first limb of the letter a and the 2 in date is under the first n in penny British copper company within a wreath of oak. .> Legend, smelting works at landore * There are twenty-three acorns eleven to left and twelve to right.
;
Plate A,
There
5.
is
no. 18.
O
9>
2 in
date
Similar, but the tuft to tail points to the centre of A and the is under the first limb of n Similar, the wreath has twelve acorns to left and eleven
Sharp
193,
1.
to right.
Twenty-two Acorns.
6.
O
#
Similar, but tuft points to the second limb of a Similar, the wreath has twenty-two acorns,
eleven
on
each
side.
R.
Twenty-one Acorns.
7.
O
2 in
9>
the
w and a and under e and n Similar, but the wreath has twenty-one acorns, ten to left and
Similar, but the tuft points between the letters
date
is
eleven to right.
the
Similar to no. 1, but the tuft points to the centre of a and date is under nn in penny $k Similar, but the wreath has eleven acorns to left and ten to right the second acorn at the right nearly touching the star at the end of legend.
8.
2 in
ESSEX.
Eighteen Acorns.
9.
$1
4<J
Similar, but the tuft points to the first limb of a Similar, but the wreath has eighteen acorns, eight to left
is
and
R.
in
date
penny
The British Copper Company was established Lambeth, was the promoter.
11.
1807 by subscription.
Mr. Jones, of
O
4.
9>
lion
12,
as no.
left
and twelve
twelve to P. Wyon.
artist to Sir
Plate
This pattern piece George Chetwynd.
is
K,
no.
;
7.
of fine
workmanship
Twenty-five Acorns.
12.
lion
18 13.
is
~>
The
passant gardant, the same legend as before, but date the second limb of a, and the 3 in date
under the n
left
penny
twenty-five
acorns,
to right.
twelve to
and thirteen
Twenty-four Acorns.
13.
3 in
date
and the
Similar,
twelve to the
and as many
but there are twenty-four acorns in the wreath, to the right. Twenty-two Acorns.
14.
side.
O
9?
Similar, but the end of tail lines to the first limb of Similar, but wreath has twenty-two acorns, eleven
a on each
Nineteen Acorns.
15.
right.
O
])
end of
tail lines to
The wreath
and eleven
to
R.
16.
O
o,
t and
The
whereas
last.
it is
ground line at the right points between the opposite the letter o in all preceding.
'
$ As
R.
P. Wyon.
Rolling Mills were on the South-west of St. James's Street, between the River Lee and the present railway. The property was purchased by the East London Waterworks.
50
Amor
;
Patriae.
vincit amor patriae i8ii (the love of country exceeds everything) the laurel leaves point on either side to the o in amor 9> Britannia seated, holding olive branch and trident, within a wreath of oak, with fourteen acorns, eight to left and six to right there are ribbon ends to tie of wreath the centre and right barbs of trident touch a leaf bcc under the shield (British Copper Company).
to right
;
O Laureate bust
Sharp 208,
3.
18.
is
near
the
19.
O Nearly
>
as
last,
The wreath
but the laurel points more to the o has sixteen acorns, seven left and nine right
leaf,
it is
close
21.
22.
A
O
9,
left
but the laurel points only to the o has fifteen acorns, nine left and six right and centre barbs of trident touch a leaf.
Similar to
last,
The wreath
the
23.
24. O Similar, but the laurel points to the o The v points to end of ribbon farthest from neck. the right > Wreath has eighteen acorns, nine on each side barb of trident touches a leaf.
;
25.
and r
26.
27. to
v points
to
right
Similar, but the wreath has sixteen acorns, nine to left, seven left and centre barbs of trident touch a leaf, the right is
;
under an acorn.
28. Similar, the wreath has sixteen acorns, but eight on each side; all by T. Wyon. the left barb touches a leaf.
Patriae.
O Bust
9>
to left
brutus
;
Bust to right
vincit
amor patrle
4.
R.r.
T. Wyon.
Sharp 208,
ESSEX.
Brutus.
30.
51
O Similar
>
;
to last.
;
the wreath has eighteen acorns, nine Britannia seated, &c. on either side right barb of trident touches a leaf.
Sharp
208,
5.
31.
right
32.
Similar, but the wreath has fifteen acorns, eight left and centre barbs of trident touch a leaf.
left,
seven
left,
six
right
33.
leaf.
2.
acorns, eleven
all
Wyon.
No
date.
wearing a winged petasus, 34. O Head of Mercury to left, a caduceus over the shoulder. the wreath has nineteen acorns, ten > Britannia seated, &c. right barb touches a leaf. left, nine right
;
;
35. Similar, but the wreath has eighteen acorns, nine each side the centre and right barbs touch a leaf.
Sharp 208,
6.
36.
right
37.
Similar, wreath has eighteen acorns, ten to left the three barbs each touch a leaf.
and eight
to
nine to right.
1813-
and Wyon.
O lion passant gardant halfpenny 18 13 The tuft of the points to t)s\e first limb of the first n in her right hand fy Britannia seated within a wreath of oak an olive branch, in her left a trident under the shield bcc The wreath contains nineteen acorns, ten to left and nine to right the centre and right hand barb of the trident touch a leaf.
38.
;
tail
O Similar, but the lion's head touches the h and the tuft of points between the e and n 9> Similar, but eighteen acorns in the wreath, ten to left and eight to right the left and centre barb touch a leaf.
39.
tail
;
is
52"
42.
Dated
18 14
to the wreath
Similar, but with eighteen acorns, nine on each side the right hand barb touches an acorn. R.
;
no
tie
Wyon.
Plate
4o.
J,
no.
8.
O As last. $ An incuse
die.
Thames
Sharp says these tokens were struck and issued by the British Copper Company, The Company had smelting works at Walthamstow. Street, London.
in
53
GLOUCESTERSHIRE.
CHELTENHAM.
SHILLING.
SILVER.
O View of St. Mary's Church in perspective, 1. VALUE ONE SHILLING POUND NOTE FOR 20 TOKENS GIVEN ft A
CHELTENHAM
2.
1
an.
avenue of trees
BY WILL-
BASTIN
8l
R.r.r.
Also
in tin.
Halliday.
Plate A,
no. 19.
3.
O PAYABLE BY MESS* S
2 2
J.
&
S.
NO.
FOR
circle.
garter inscribed ft The arms and crest of Bristol within a DOLLAR SILVER Legend, SILVER TOKEN FOR XII PENCE R.r. Unknown.
GLOUCESTER.
HALF CROWN.
4.
torteaux,
O Arms two
of Gloucester, or, three chevrons gules, between ten sprigs of olive at the sides Gloucester token two
;
SHILLINGS & SIXPENCE NOTE FOR EIGHT TOKENS GIVEN BY J. WHALLEY ft A POUND GLOUCESTER AND AT N IO CHARLOTTE S T FITZROY SQUARE LONDON Halliday.
Plate
James Whalley traded
Peterborough
in
J,
no.
9.
as a
Parliament.
SHILLING.
WITH CREST.
5.
O Arms
crest a cap of maintenance for xii pence and the tassel is between the ones of value.
;
ft
View
of Gloucester cathedral
TOKEN. MDCCCXI.
6.
obverse
Similar, but a period after each word in the and the tassel is tinder the last numeral of Boyne 91.
;
xn
54
city
O Arms of Gloucester between two sprigs of olive, Gloucester token one shilling There are thirteen leaves in the olive
at the right.
9>
branch
PAYABLE ON DEMAND BY SAUNDERS & BUTT FACILITATE TRADE OCTOBER 20T H l8ll
.
Legend,
TO
Boyne
8.
92.
is
dated October
25
25
9.
Similar to
last,
October
&
th
.
branch at the
right.
Saunders
Butt were chandlers.
10. O Arms of Gloucester between two sprigs of olive. Gloucester token one shilling On the third leaf at the right the letter h $1 PAYABLE AT J A? WHALLEY's GLOUCESTER & AT N CHARLOTTE
in
ja^ is
in
Boyne
11.
94.
in ja
is
in
payable
12.
CITY
Gloucester
> MORGAN'S GLOUCESTER CITY & COUNTY SILVER MEDAL BY THE royal authority with a knot between the third and fourth line.
R.r.r.
13.
Also
in copper,
on a small
a sixpence.
R.r.
Halhday.
CHELTENHAM.
PENNY.
COPPER.
14.
trees.
O View
>
in
perspective, an avenue of
CHELTENHAM l8l2
&
GL O UCES TER'SHIRE.
15.
55
O As
9>
last.
Similar, but by
Halliday.
John Bishop advertised himself as tailor to H.R.H. the Prince Regent, and carried on business opposite the Plough Hotel, Cheltenham. He was declared bankrupt March 16, 1822.
SEDBURY.
PENNY.
16.
O View of a
at
56
COUNTY.
SHILLING.
SILVER.
~~T.
0-
of ship, h.m
Ships at sea, the sun rising Hampshire token At the left In the waves under the ship, at the right the letter p
OF WIGHT PORTSMOUTH SOUTHAMPTON AND GOSPORT 9= ISLE shilling silver token Within an outer circle, h. morgan LICENSED MANUFACTURER I 2 RATHBONE PLACE LONDON. R,r. Patrick.
Boyne
2.
95.
of the county; gules, a rose surmounted by a crown. The one in date is over the first limb of r in silver Point of shield is between the 8 and i of date.
O Arms
The
sloop sailing-, value one shilling to facilitate trade top mast touching the upright limb of the e in one The water line touches the t of trade
Boyne
3.
96.
Also
in
copper.
is
left
of the e
The
is
O
9
is
The mast
similar to no.
2,
right, the
water
line as last.
Unknown.
sixpence.
6. O Similar to preceding, but an ornament divides the legend the figures the point of shield is between the 8 and 1 of date of date same size as each other.
;
7.
8.
Sloop
sailing,
Also
in
copper.
;
ones
in
Similar, but the point of shield is over the third numeral the Unknown. date are smaller than the figure 8
HAMPSHIRE.
57
ANDOVER.
SHILLING.
1811.
9. O The arms of the borough argent, a lion under a tree. andover token for xii pence The point of shield lines with the first limb of k and the lion's foot is half across the trunk of the tree. wakeford, 1811 within a wreath 9> payable by w. s. &. 1. of oak. A period after the &. and I. The tops of ones slope. An acorn under the date, making six on the inside of wreath at the right.
;
The
10.
p of
payable touches a
leaf.
Plate
J,
no. 10.
after
first a of payable and having seven acorns inside wreath at the right.
No
period
11.
1.2,
Also
in
copper.
payable
13.
in the inside of
wreath.
15.
k and
only a quarter across the trunk of the tree. The 9= Similar, but a period after all initials, but not after & tops of the ones in date are fiat there are only four acorns in the R. inside of wreath at the right, and no acorn under the date.
;
Boyne
16.
2.
Also
in copper.
R.r.
Halliday.
17.
O Arms
9>
as before, point of shield lines with the first limb of k Similar, but without a period after i Seven acorns in inside
1
of wreath, dated
Boyne
18.
19.
3.
Also
in copper.
20.
1.
Halliday.
William, Samuel, and Joseph Wakeford were bankers, who issued also bank notes. The 1825. On April 20th, 1826, dividends were paid at the Star and Garter and the final dividend at the same place on March 10th, 1827.
;
58
NEWPORT.
SHILLING.
21. O An antique ship in a circle Newport isle of wight 181 The anchor touches the waves, there is a break in the flag near the
;
mast, and the ones in date are Jlat topped. & ONE SHILLING SILVER TOKEN in a circle. MAY PLENTY CROWN our happy isle * The terminal of the g in shilling lines to the upright limb of the first p in happy
Plate A,
no. 21.
22. O Similar, but the flag is severed from the portion attached to the mast, and the anchor does not totuh the water. #> Similar, but the terminal of the g lines to the last limb of a
Boyne
169.
its
is entire and attached to the mast by the anchor touches the water, the ones in date slope. 9> Similar, but the terminal of the g lines to the space between pp in happy Halliday.
23.
whole width
SIXPENCE.
24.
O
9>
170.
25. 26.
Also
in
Copper.
in
R.r.
R.r.r.
The same
Tin.
Halliday.
was Robert Bird Wilkins, ironmonger, etc. Atkins, in "Tokens of the Eighteenth Century," under Newport, describes a halfpenny with the bust of Robert Bird Wilkins by Mainwaring. It was issued in large quantities, and even now is fairly common. The Newport silver pieces were also extensively circulated.
issuer of these tokens
The
PORTSEA.
shilling.
accommoda27. O crescent and star, the arms of Portsmouth The arms and legend divided by a band intion of trade 181 1 scribed PORTSEA SILVER - TOKEN R S AVENELL & SIMMONDS V VALUE ONE SHILLING PAYABLE AT MESS Unknown. queen sT portsea R.r.r.
;
.
Plate
at
L, no.
8.
1
On
July 30,
8 14,
HAMPSHIRE.
59
PORTSMOUTH.
SHILLING.
28.
in
0-
circle.
ft one shilling token within a garter inscribed dollar sil Outer legend, payable at the bullion office 69 high street
ver
1811
Boyne
29.
180.
O The same
ft
1.
181.
crescent and star as before, but with an eye in the centre 30. O Legend, payable of the star; a garter inscribed Portsmouth 181 i
AT
I.
in
berries,
silver token
31. Similar, but the crescent to the period omitted between 1 and d Plate J,
left
star,
and
no.
n.
32.
O
ft
in
Dudleys which
Similar to
High
Street.
33.
O
ft
A
I
ship sailing
8
I I
issued by
STEPHENS
value
xii
silver token
J.
R.
jeweller.
Portsmouth Unknown,
He was
ROMSEY.
shilling.
34. O Arms, argent, a portcullis, between two sprigs of oak under the shield romsey token, value one shilling ft payable by w. adams 1 8 1 2 within a wreath of oak below the wreath. {See also Suffolk no. 4.) R.
;
h.
Boyne 188. Boyne incorrectly describes this piece, as the date is 1812, not 181 1. The issuer was not Webster Adams of Ipswich the same die was probably used to save the cost of engraving a new one. W. Adams of Romsey was a rope manufacturer.
;
60 35.
as
last.
i.
rising;
Hampshire
token
O Similar
The
the
initials h.
5c
left p in
At
Patrick.
N
The
189.
SOUTHAMPTON.
SHILLING.
37. 0- The arms of Hampshire, argent, a rose surmounted by a crown, between two sprigs of oak Southampton token value one SHILLING william lomer & son Unknown. 9> An antique ship
; ;
The
ANDOVER.
PENNY.
COPPER.
38.
O The arms
Jjl
of
Andover
s.
The
payable by w.
&
i.
wakeford 1812
A, no.
22.
within a wreath
of oak.
Plate
39. Similar to last, but the lion's ribs are not expressed.
Sharp
194,
1.
Halliday.
BASINGSTOKE.
40. O A spade and mattock value one shilling
#>
in
a wheelbarrow
john pinkerton
i
man
E A
Basingstoke canal
no.
7.
789
Wyon.
I,
Plate
This token was current and paid as one shilling to the workmen during the cutting of the Canal. It differs from the general run of truck tickets in so far as it purports to be more of a general medium of exchange.
61
HEREFORDSHIRE.
COUNTY.
SHILLING.
SILVER.
1. O Arms of Hereford, three lions passant gardant, on a border azure, ten Scottish crosses, between sprigs of oak and palm crest, a lion gardant holding a sword there are Jive acorns in the oak sprig;
;
HEREFORD COUNTY AND CITY TOKEN l8ll 9> PAYABLE IN CASH NOTES BY WAINWRIGHT & C. AND CARLESS the third and fifth & c one shilling token displayed in six lines
;
being on
scrolls.
Plate
2.
A, no. 23.
Similar to
last,
in
Wainwright & Co. were chemists and maltsters, and Carless & Co., drapers. T. Carless was declared bankrupt, Feb. 17, 1821, and B. Wainwright on November 22nd, 1822. In recognition of its loyalty, King Charles, in 1645, granted the addition of the border to the arms of the city.
62
HERTFORDSHIRE.
SAWBRIDGE WORTH.
PENNY.
COPPER.
1.
& Bust
in
very high
relief;
Robert
orchard
;
sawbridge
a church in the
* *
febI'
Ex
# * payable James.
63
KENT.
FOLKESTONE.
SHILLING.
SILVER.
of the Cinque Ports, three lions passant gardant, ships crest, a Royal crown Inscribed on a Legend, iohn boxer Folkestone ribbon below cinq, port, token
1.
as
1811
9>
olive.
Halliday.
no. 12.
64
LANCASHIRE.
LIVERPOOL.
HALF A GUINEA.
COPPER.
'
1.
A phoenix
Liverpool.
R.V.T.
l8l2 STANDARD IO
Plate A,
no. 24.
6 GOLD
Halliday,
Research has failed to find its existence The firm were merchants, carrying on business in Red Cross Street.
in copper.
in
SHILLING.
SILVER.
2. O The arms of Liverpool argent, a bird (Liver) holding in the beak a sprig of laver crest, ears of corn between two oak sprigs THOf WILSON & C LIVERPOOL > Female seated on a bale, holding scales and cornucopia a sword rests against the bale Lancashire one shilling token 1812
;
;
;
Halliday.
Boyne
119.
MANCHESTER.
SHILLING.
3. O The arms of Manchester, gules, three bends or, between sprigs of oak and palm Manchester token, value one shilling. B= View of a building; w. ballans tea-dealer market-place+
;
Boyne
4.
138.
O The same
9>
as
last.
last,
the
R.r.r.
#>
O The same as last. View of same building; but legend, for public accomodation.
1
(sic)
18
Halliday.
Boyne
139.
POULTON.
SHILLING.
6.
# payable at
for 20 tokens
The
O POULTEN TOKEN VALUE ONE SHILLING r. d halls in a circle. Legend one pound note
R.
issuer
Unknown.
Boyne 184. was an ironmonger and grocer
in the
High
Street.
65
LEICESTERSHIRE.
LEICESTER.
SHILLING.
SILVER.
O The arms of Leicester, vert, a cinquefoil, between two one shilling silver token & DERBY LEICESTER NORTHAMPTON AND RUTLAND LICENSED SHILLING SILVER TOKEN Legend, H. MORGAN LICENSED MANUFACTURER 12 RATHBONE PLACE LONDON.
1.
sprigs of olive
Plate A,
no. 25.
2.
A
2.
O The same
#>
as last.
NOTTS DERBY LEICESTER NORTHAMPTON AND RUTLAND SHIL ling silver token The outer legend similar to last, but the h.
before
3.
morgan
omitted.
R.
>
as the reverse of no. 1, derby Leicester etc. as last, morgan licensed etc.
is
very rare.
A.
1,
as no. 1. Arms of Leicester, &c. LEICESTER SILVER TOKEN ISSUED BY ROYAL LICENSE Legend, ONE. POUND. NOTE. WILL. BE. PAID- FOR 20 OF- THESE- AT I. W & rawsons 181 1 R.r. Halliday,
$t
Boyne
114.
SIXPENCE.
5.
O Arms
six
penny
SILVER TOKEN
9= DERBY LEICESTER AND RUTLAND SIX-PENNY TOKEN l8ll. Legend, morgan licensed maker 12 rathbone place London
Boyne
6.
113.
O The same
9=
as
last.
For other tokens relating to Leicester, see Derbyshire. Rawsons were cotton spinners and hosiery manufacturers
Churchgate.
66
COINAGE.
LINCOLNSHIRE.
COUNTY.
SHILLING.
SILVER.
1.
O
.
A
+
.
fleece
.
suspended
1
in
a circle;
Lincolnshire.
silver
TOKEN.
&
12 pence 181
2.
o Arms
9=
azure, a fleece
Lincolnshire
SILVER TOKEN
accomodation,
Boyne
118.
ALFORD.
shilling.
O alford silver token 12 pence in a circle the second and words on a ribbon in the centre, above the ribbon a dotted PAYABLE AT ELIZ T H EMERTON & SON 5 + line. legend, industry 9> A beehive with bees, 181 1 in a circle; Halliday. has its reward with palm branches below. R.
3.
;
third
Boyne
1.
The
were drapers.
EPWORTH.
SHILLING.
IN GOODS OR NOTES l8l2. Legend, EPWORTH ISLE An ornament above payable & w. read. > View of a building (the one shilling, Court house) current value quatrefoil at bottom the quatrefoil has the Halliday. initials y d & c upon it.
4.
t.
;
O PAYABLE
token,
Boyne
78.
vol.
is
a variety reading
pa yadle
but
cannot trace
it."
LINCOLNSHIRE.
67
GAINSBOROUGH.
SHILLING.
5.
Star,
garter,
and motto honi soit qui mal y pense (Let evil thinketh of it). Legend, john gamson.
bale, holding scales
initials
l}> Female seated on a sword on the ground the shilling token 181 i. R.r.
;
Boyne
87.
The
6.
issuer
O
>
A three-masted ship sailing william jerrems. A windmill one shilling silver token 181
;
gainsbro.
The
top of
window
lines of
is
sail,
R.r.
88.
7.
O As
#>
last
window
sail,
is
Unknown.
Jerrems,
for
who was
a grocer.
gainsbro token 181 i ship sailing under canvas near view of a bridge s. sandars above it in a circle. Legend, for twelve pence branches of olive under. Halliday.
;
9=
A A
9.
O The same
>
as
last.
;
pence
legend, for
twelve
Halliday.
Plate A,
no. 26.
maltster.
SIXPENCE.
10.
9=
O SILVER TOKEN ISSUED BY M3RUMBY GAINSBURGH FOR VI PENCE A wheatsheaf. Below, 18 12 Legend, to accommodate
R.r.r.
B, no.
1.
Halliday.
This beautifully executed little piece is peculiar in so far that it is the only token where the initial forms a diphthong with the first letter of the surname. Martin Brumby made sail cloth for the Grimsby fishermen. He was declared bankrupt, Sep. 22, 1821.
68
CO IXAGE.
HOLBEACH.
SHILLING.
l8ll HOLBEACH AND LINCOLNSHIRE SILVER TOKEN H. M in Legend, a one pound note will be paid for 20 of THESE BY R. B. HOFF + one shilling value h. m within a thick wreath ot oak. Halliday. issued by royal licence R.
11.
a circle.
Boyne
101.
LINCOLN.
shilling.
The arms of Lincoln argent, on a cross gules, a fleur-de-lys, between two sprigs of oak; Lincoln silver token 18 12 inscribed dollar > millson and preston within a garter, Legend, a one pound note will be given for 20 of thesec silver
12.
0-
Boyne
13.
is
115.
tinted gules
fy
sprigs of oak
pi.
m added under
Halliday.
preston
Millson and Preston were wine and spirit merchants.
two fleursecond and third argent, three fleur-de-lys in the second, a lion rampant in the third. over all a cross gules; Lincoln silver token one shilling token within a circle of dots, to facilitate An ornament at the bottom. R.r.r. trade. Unknown.
14.
Shield of arms.
First
and fourth
quarterly, or
and
This reverse
will
LOUTH.
SHILLING.
15. G louth shilling token CHAPMAN .-.
. .
1S1
Legend,
c.
stovtn
.
&
&
fleece
suspended,
R.
Halliday.
Chapman were
drapers.
LINCOLNSHIRE.
69
STAMFO RD.
EIGHTEENPENCE.
16.
O
9>
lion couchant,
by
a crown.
silver
6d
token
R.
Plate
17.
Similar to
last,
but
the.
crown
is
smaller, and
is
radiated.
R The same
as
last.
R.
Plate
L, no. 10.
Unknown.
The
70
MIDDLESEX.
LONDON.
EIGHTEENPENCE.
SILVER.
1.
O View of a
statue (Charles
I)
lamps affixed. At the top of the pedestal at the left i and at the right d Legend, charing cross is. 6d. & Large 18 within a wreath of oak branches of wheat ears at top. London silver token The ends of the tie in the oak wreath are over the first limbs of the l and e in silver R.
;
Plate
L, no.
n.
2. Similar, but the ends of the tie are over the first limb of l and the last limb of v in silver R.
Boyne
3.
120.
Also
in
Copper.
R.r.r.
in
Davies.
4. O London silver token i. 6^. MAKER 12 RATHBONE PLACE LONDON dollar silver token is. 6d.
a wreath of oak.
morgan
in similar
wreath to obverse.
Halliday.
h.m. under.
Boyne
"
turers,
128.
Silver Tokens and Small Change supplied to Regimental Paymasters, ManufacFarmers, Shop and Inn Keepers, Clerks of Public Works, and all other Persons who require Change for their Business, or to pay Workmen." " Country Residents may be accommodated, per Coach, with from Five Pounds worth to a large amount, weekly, by directing, with real Name, Occupation, and abode, to
&* Co. care of Mr. Heaton, No. 27, Clement's Lane, Strand, London, enclosing a remittance in Notes, or Good Bills. No letters admitted unless post paid." Star Newspaper,
M
It
July
26th, 181
1.
This advertisement shows that Morgan at the time did not want his whereabouts known. will be seen by the next announcement that he afterwards disclosed it, and that it was
exhibited on
supplied.
" Local Tokens of Gold and Silver, invented and first made for Public Convenience, in March, 181 1, by Messrs. Morgan and Co., Die Makers and Medallists, at their Licensed Token Manufactory, No. 12, Rathbone Place, Oxford Street, London, having been honoured
with Legislative sanction and patronage, by Three successive Acts of parliament, continue make to any design, for Companies and Individuals, at a short notice, in that superior style of execution which has obtained for Co. during the last two years numerous and extensive orders for Bankers, Manufacturers and Shopkeepers, in almost every city and town throughout the United Kingdom. NB. Unpaid letters will not be admitted. Dies of numerous patterns ready engraved." The Star, London, June 24th, 1813.
to
&
SHILLING.
No. 1, with lamps to railings CHARING CROSS Jk The arms of London argent, first quarter a dagger erect, a cross gules, between two sprigs of olive the shield at top is curved. ONE SHILLING SILVER TOKEN
5.
O View
of statue similar to
Boyne
129.
t</.
/fr?
O-Zsl^t
y
A
it t/u
From a
MIDDLESEX.
6.
71
Also
in
Copper
as
R.
last.
Davies.
7.
The same
]
A ONE POUND NOTE WILL BE PAID BY W* JONES & C? CHARING Davies. CROSS LONDON FOR 20 OF THESE R.T.r.
Boyne
8.
125.
O
$t
A similar
Arms
in
CHARING CROSS
of
London
Plate
9.
J,
no. 13.
Also
(>
Copper.
10.
Vo
olive.
no. 14.
11.
0-
The same
R.
as
last.
#>
under.
12.
Also
0-
in
Copper.
R.
13.
The same
as last.
SILVER * TWELVE PENNY TOKEN SOLD BY * MORGAN * 12 rathbone place * london * displayed with various ornaments. R. Davies and Halliday.
Vo
3.
14. O A female seated holding a caduceus, her right arm leaning England. Ireland. on a bale, supported by a cask, behind a ship. SCOTLAND & WALES * LET COMMERCE FLOURISH TOKEN ONE SHILLING PAYABLE AT S. LLOYD'S 9= LONDON The ones in date are flat topped. bucklersbury 181 i
Boyne
126.
This issuer's name also occurs on a Shaftesbury Bank Shilling (see Dorset). Lloyd was an ironmonger at 6, Barge Yard, Bucklersbury.
Samuel
15.
Also
in
Copper.
Halliday.
globe.
Similar, but the female is standing with her right foot on a ENGLAND. IRELAND. SCOTLAND. AND. WALES * LET. COMMERCE. R.r. flourish Unknown. 9> Similar to last, but the ones in date slope.
16.
Plate
B, no.
2.
72
17.
& LONDON TOKEN PAYABLE BY A ONE POUND NOTE FOR 20 OF AT MORGANS 12 RATHBONE PLACE LONDON Legend, H. MORGAN LICENSED MANUFACTURER 12 RATHBONE PLACE LONDON. one shilling token h.m within a wreath of oak. R.r.r.
THESE
Halliday.
18.
O As
fy
last.
Arms and
dollar
silver
pence
R.r.r.
Halliday.
19.
licence in a
12
O ONE SHILLING LONDON SILVER TOKEN ISSUED BY ROYAL Legend, h. morgan licensed manufacturer circle. RATHBONE PLACE LONDON. h.m within a wreath of oak. Halliday. 9) one shilling token
20. O Arms emblematical of commerce and agriculture, between silver token two sprigs of olive, crest, a dove with olive branch. Under the wreath h m
LICENCE AT ^ ONE SHILLING TOKEN SOLD BY ROYAL Scroll ornaments before rathbone place London morgan's 12 R.r. and after sold by and place
Boyne
132.
at
Devonshire.
R.r.
23.
R.r.
2 9> SILVER # TWELVE PENNY TOKEN SOLD # BY MORGAN # rathbone place * london * with various scroll ornaments and an additional ornament between the third and fourth lines. R.r.r.
1
24.
O The same
9,
knapp
R.r.
in
&
as c
last.
under.
25.
Also
Copper.
Halliday.
s
T
26.
bottle inscribed n
;
14
r.
on the cork
payable at
.
w
.
.
manufactory + 9. one shilling token 1811 an ornament above Legend, issued by robert warren London R.r.r.
.
. .
in a circle.
27.
O Same
as last. Similar, but without the date and ornament. Boyne 133.
Halliday.
MIDDLESEX.
28.
;
73
O Four hands joined London york. Swansea and leeds. one shilling token within a beaded circle, to facilitate Unknown. trade An ornament divides the outer legend. R.r.r.
>
at Lincoln.
SIXPENCE.
29. O View of a statue (Charles I) charing cross the pedestal lines to the s in cross. 9> Arms of London between two sprigs of olive, silver token The corners of shield cut off. R.
The
top of
six-penny
Boyne
30.
31.
122.
Also
in copper.
R.
Similar,
charing cross
&
but Cupid supports project beyond the panels. top of the pedestal lines with the o in cross Similar to last, but with curved line at top of shield.
The
Plate
32. Also in copper.
33.
B, no.
3.
O The same
9>
as
last.
12 ments.
SIXPENNY TOKEN SOLD BY ROYAL LICENCE AT MORGANS rathbone place London displayed with various scroll ornaHalliday.
34. O LONDON TOKEN FOR SIXPENCE PAYABLE AT S LLOYD'S BUCKLESBURY l8ll 9> Female seated to right, holding a caduceus a ship in the distance, England. Ireland. Scotland & wales. * Halliday.
;
Boyne
35.
127.
&
ENGLAND
Similar to last, but without for before sixpence. Similar, but female standing, her right foot on a globe, IRELAND SCOTLAND AND WALES R.r. Unknown.
six
LICENSED SILVER TOKEN RATHBONE PLACE LONDON.* penny token h.m in a wreath of oak.
SIX-PENNY
12
in
circle.
Boyne
130.
37.
Also
in copper.
R.
Halliday.
38. O PAYABLE BY A l NOTE FOR 4O OF THESE AT MORGANS TOKEN MANUFACTORY 12 RATHBONE PLACE LONDON 9> The same as last.
74
39. O Arms of London, &c, as on reverse of Charing Cross, with the comers of shield cut off.
V
The same
as last.
R.
Boyne
131.
40.
Also in copper.
R.
Halliday.
41. O A ONE POUND NOTE WILL BE PAID BY WHALLEY. & C? THAMES STREET LONDON FOR 40 OF THESE R. Halliday. > six penny token h.m within a wreath of oak.
SIXPENCE.
COPPER.
42.
The
top of the
isyz^ and no
Wyon.
Also on an octagonal
Boyne
31.
1
44.
The same
R.r.
as
last,
slopes
and a period
after
the date.
Pye states "these are circulated among the boys at Christ's Hospital," and Boyne adds " they had a limited circulation in the neighbourhood."
Similar Tokens were also issued for pence and halfpence.
THREE PENCE.
45. O A bear gorged and chained Goodman's, fields, brew house. 1760 > thomas jordan and co. three pence. r.r.
;
Sharp
2,
no.
1.
THREE HALFPENCE.
46.
Similar, but
three halfpence
R.r.r.
Unknown.
Sharp 2, no. 2. Both pieces are struck in brass. The house of Jordan & Co. stood on the south side of the Minories.
PENNY.
47. O Bust to right, on the truncation milton f Legend, ROBERT ORCHARD N? 34 GREEK STREET CORNER OF CHURCH STREET soho London * Below the bust, 1803 #> AND AT SAWBRIDGEWORTH HERTS MANUFACTURER OF CHOCOLATE & COCOA ON A NEW IMPROVED PRINCIPLE Legend, GROCER & TEA
R.
Milton.
no. 15.
MIDDLESEX.
48.
75
Also
own
in silver.
is
R.r.r.
:
Although no value
the issuer's
"
expressed, this piece is described as a token on the authority of advertisement, which is here reproduced
who have in their possession the Penny Token issued by me, Robert Orchard, Grocer 6 Tea Dealer, No. 34, Greek Street, corner of Church Street, Soho,
list
of the Cabinets
London.
Engraved by Milton.
Mr. Miller, Barnard's Inn, Holborn. Mr. Young, Ludgate Street. Mr. Rebello, Hackney.* Thomas Woodward, Esq., Bungay, Suffolk. Miss Banks, Soho Square. Mr. Miles, Tavistock Street, Convent Garden. Mr. Reeves, Lowestoft.
British
Museum.
Office.
James Bindley, Esq., First Commissioner of Stamp Mr. James Conder, Ipswich. Mr. Madden, Hackney.
Mr. Bauert, Altona. Mr. Warberg, Copenhagen. Mr. Milton, in Silver, Roll's Buildings, Fetter Lane. July 30, 1803." * Rebello, who issued the artistic Hackney Penny, died in 1796. Orchard must therefore refer to one of his relations. Mihell's caravan ticket, which states the office was established 1800, is ignored, there being no evidence to prove it existed at the token period. The name does not appear in the
London
HALFPENNY.
Elephant.
49.
O An elephant
to
left
statant,
pidock's * * * exhibition *
Under
its left hand, the wan--derow 1801 PIDCOCk's* GRAND. MENAGERIE. EXETER. CHANGE. LONDON* R.T.
Atkins 310.
Lion statant.
50.
O
9>
dog on
his back,
lion
and dog
801 rhinoceros
to
left
statant,
chained,
pidcock exeter
CHANGE LONDON
Atkins 312. This obverse
is
reverses.
51.
9?
pidcocKs * grand
managerie
EXETER
Atkins 313.
right statant.
exeter change
<>
Atkins 314.
53.
ft
sep
54.
kangaroo rampant regardant, this 10. 1800 A small j under the tail.
Atkins 315.
kangaroo's
birth
9>
An
ape,
the wan--derow,
etc.,
as no. 49.
Atkins 316.
76
A lion couehant gardant fondling a dog; piDcocKg * grand. 55. MENAGERIE. EXETER. CHANGE. LONDON * A cockatoo perched, orange crested cockatoo 1801
O
Atkins 319.
O An ape, the wan--derow, etc., as no. 49. 9 A two-headed cow to right statant, exeter change LONDON
56.
<3>
<8>
strand
Atkins 335.
57.
O As
9?
last.
A
A
cockatoo,
last.
etc.,
as no.
55.
Atkins 339.
58.
O As
9>
crane to right,
{sic)
exibition #
no.
8.
Kangaroo.
59.
O
9,
R.
Zebra.
60.
O
9>
zebra, as no.
last.
51.
Atkins 332.
As
most of them manufactured by Lutwych of Birmingham. "The grandest spectacle in the universe is now prepared at Pidcock's Royal Menagerie, Exeter Change, Strand, where a most uncommon collection of Foreign Beasts and Birds, many of them never before seen alive in Europe, are ready to entertain the wondering spectators. This affords an excellent opportunity for Ladies and Gentlemen to treat themselves with a view of some of the most beautiful and rare animals in creation. Amongst innumerable others are five noble African Lions, Tigers, Nylghaws, Beavers, Kangaroos, Grand Cassowary, Emus, Ostriches, &c. indeed such a numerous assemblage of living Birds and Beasts may not be found for a Century to come. This wonderfull collection is divided into three appartments, at one shilling each person, or the three rooms for two The Morning Chronicle, London, May 17, 1808. shillings and sixpence each person."
All by
;
James of London
capital collection of wild beasts, An earlier advertisement, of Dec. 12, 1792, states so well secured, that the most timorous may approach them in safety." The double-headed cow was advertised on Jan. 29th, 1791, "as BEING alive and taking its sustenance with both mouths at the same time. To the Admiration of the Faculty, and the beholders in general and it is the received opinion of John Hunter Esq. Professor of Anatomy, that She has two hearts." The exhibition appears to have been taken to various parts of the country, as on April 21, 1798, the Newcastle Chronicle advertised that " there was on their way for Durham Races the grandest assemblage of chosen living rarities that ever travelled the kingdom in the age or memory of man. Some of the marvels to be seen for the sum of one shilling." are given. male Elephant, the largest ever seen in England, and its wonderful performances are described. real Bengal Royal Male Tiger, the Pelican of the Wilderness, a Vulture from South America, a Nyl-ghau or horned horse, and other animals from the Pidcock Collection appear in this ornate advertisement. Gilbert Pidcock died Feb. 18 10, aged 67. About 1828 the animals were removed to the Surrey Zoological Gardens.
:
"A
MIDDLESEX.
77
T 61. 0- RATLEY DEALER IN COINS DUKES COURT S MARTINS LANE Before the c in coins a small bust to right, t millar {sic) bungay in a small circle, and after s in coins, in a similar circle, a shield of the Brewery and Block Company, of Southampton outer legend, a great VARIETY OF PROVINCIAL COINS & TRADESMENS TOKENS + l8oi + WyOfl.
;
Blank.
Plate
J,
no. 16.
This interesting piece is in lead, and probably unique. Ratley issued a fine token, popularly known as the " Tired Boy," after Henry Morland, which will be found described by Atkins at 347 Middlesex.
62.
O
9>
side 18 14
weaving frame
truth strength
Plate
B, no.
4.
Halliday.
He
Robert Romanis was a wholesale and retail hosier, two doors west of Friday Street. advertised as " Manufacturer to the Honorable East India Company."
;
r.
bottle inscribed
r.
on the stopper.
tory.
Sharp 209, 9. It has been stated that Charles Dickens was employed by Robert Warren, but this is an error. In the life of the eminent novelist, by John Forster, it is recorded that young Dickens worked for James Warren, blacking manufacturer, 13, Suffolk Street, Charing Robert Warren was in no way connected with the latter in business. Cross.
swan with two necks 64. O payable at the mail coach office lad-lane london Under London w w mail coach and horses speed, regularity & security fy Halliday.
;
Plate
B, no.
5.
:
This was a famous posting-house. The Sun, Aug. 6, 1794, has an advertisement " Swan with two necks, Lad Lane. By command of their Lordships, His Majesty's Postmaster General. The Royal Mail Coach to Weymouth," &c, &c. The Sim, London,
Aug.
6,
1794.
with two necks is a corruption of the swan with two nicks, i.e. nicks in the beak a sign that the bird was owned by the king, whose mark was two nicks. They were so marked on the Monday following Midsummer-day. Vide Burn, no. 984, London Traders Tavern Tokens. W. Wilson was the proprietor of the tavern when the token was issued.
:
The swan
65. O A building, inscribed over the door new auction mart Legend, halfpenny payable at the old stock exchange in bank NOTES ESTABLISHED I 8 I I 9> SALES OF ESTATES, HOUSES, MANUFACTURED GOODS, AND MISCELLANEOUS PROPERTY, SPEEDILY EFFECTED WITHOUT RISK. PUBLIC AUCTIONS EVERY DAY AT 12. PRIVATE ORDERS FOR ALL KINDS OF GOODS punctually executed, within an inner circle outer legend, thomas WOOD. BROKER, AUCTIONEER & GENERAL AGENT.
;
Early
this
fire
broke out
in
a bed-room of the
78
Coffee-house over the Old Stock Exchange, at the corner of Swithins (Sweetings) Alley, The fire soon communicated to close to the north-east corner of the Royal Exchange. every part of the building, in which, at the bottom, were an Auction Mart, and a large above stairs the Coffee-house Wine-company, and and several counting houses, all of which Gentleman's Magazine for May, 1816. are entirely consumed."
The word established on the token has led many to doubt if it was struck in 181 but the report quoted above clearly proves its existence at the token period.
1,
On J any. 5th, 1809, Mr. Shuttleworth, of 17, Austin Friars, advertised in the Morning Chi'onicle that he would sell at Garraway's, the Old Stock Exchange, which was contiguous to the north-east corner of the Royal Exchange, occupying the angle formed by Threadneedle Street and Sweeting's Alley.
T. Wood, auctioneer, of 18 13. Star, Dec. qt/i, 1813.
8th,
FARTHING.
O ROBERT ORCHARD GROCER & TEA DEALER N 34 GREEK S T SOHO LONDON WHOLESALE & RETAIL 1803 9? A Chinaman standing beween bales and casks, a ship in the distance, maker of chocolate & cocoa on a new principle Under the figure farthing
66.
Plate
67.
B, no.
6.
O As last. orchard tea 9= View of a building, robert warehouse CORNER OF CHURCH ST. AND. AT SAW BRIDGEWORTH HARTS (su).
Plate
68.
B, no.
7.
N: 34
O Bust to right, robert orchard grocer & tea dealer GREEK ST: CORNER CHURCH ST. SOHO LONDON 1 804
.
9>
As
last,
in
to e Milton.
Atkins 763.
PIDCOCK.
Lion.
regardant
fondling
dog,
exeter
beaver to
left
70.
stick;
Atkins 770.
Wanderoo.
71.
O As reverse
last
wanderow
;
etc.
pelican to
left
MIDDLESEX.
Beaver.
72.
79
O
$o
A beaver to A cockatoo
last.
right;
R.r.
73.
O As
fy
pelican to right
Pidcock was succeeded by Polito early in the nineteenth century. He was followed by Two years afterwards Exeter Change Cross, and the animals were finally removed in 1828. was taken down.
80
NORFOLK.
COUNTY.
SHILLING.
SILVER.
1.
O NORFOLK
#>
shilling with
SUFFOLK AND ESSEX SILVER TOKEN FOR ONE on either side. View of Eddystone Lighthouse and ships at sea value
scrolls
;
ONE SHILLING
2.
R.T.
Boyne
171.
R.r.r.
3.
9>
Shield,
arms of agriculture
crest,
a dove,
etc.
as London,
no. 20.
R.r.r.
Halliday.
ATTLEBOROUGH.
TWO
4.
SHILLINGS.
or, an escutcheon perfess three supporters and helmet of the Duke of Norfolk motto on a ribbon sola virtus invicta (Virtue alone is invincible) crest, a lion statant gardant attleburgh token, two shillings, h on the ground at the right. female standing, an olive branch in her right hand, a fish > william parson & son oct* ii. 181 i h on the ground in her left Halliday. R.r. at the left.
crosses
Boyne
31.
under a lion passant 5. O Arms, argent, a castle triple towered gardant, between laurel and palm branches legend as last h on the first palm blade. Halliday. & The same as last. R.r.r. The issuers were grocers. Mr. Parsons was declared bankrupt on April 27th, 1816.
;
London
Gazette.
SHILLING.
6.
O payable at wm.
>
i
rf.
&
rk
Above
circle
;
Staffordshire
knot
ATTLEBOROUGH
shilling within a radiated
1 1
R.
Boyne, 4. This token was issued by William Muskett, Richard Francis, both clockmakers, and Robert Kiddell, shoemaker, draper and grocer. Numismatic Magazine.
NORFOLK.
81
DISS.
SHILLING.
O Arms argent, nine bars wavy azure ABLE AT * MUSKETT & SONS *
7.
9>
crest,
an anchor,
pay
R.r.
12
diss
token mdcccxi
Halliday.
For similar arms and crest see North Lopham.
LYNN.
EIGHTEENPENCE.
8. O The arms of Lynn, azure, three conger eels' heads, in the mouth of each a cross crosslet, within a garter inscribed dollar silver Crest, a pelican in her piety, a i note and i s will be PAID FOR 14 OF THESE BY I HEDLEY LYNN OR AT H. MORGANS TOKEN AND BULLION OFFICE LONDON The is. 6d. In a wreath below h. m Jk dollar silver token same as London, no. 4. R.r. Halliday.
<Q>
Plate
9.
L, no. 12.
Also
in copper.
R.r.
Halliday.
SHILLING.
10. O SILVER TOKEN STAMP OFFICE KINGS LYNN l8ll in a circle. FOR THE ACCOMMODATION OF TRADE + 9> one shilling value h. m in a wreath of oak legend, issued by royal license R. Halliday.
;
Boyne
For another
shilling
136.
1.
SIXPENCE.
11. O A ONE POUND NOTE WILL BE PAID BY I HEDLEY STAMP OFFICE LYNN FOR 40 OF THESE l8ll 9> six penny token h. m in a wreath of oak. Halliday.
,
Plate
B, no.
9.
NORTH LOPHAM.
SHILLING.
12. O Arms and NORTH LOPHAM *
9>
i
crest, similar to
Diss
payable at #
s.
porter's
shilling
in
a radiated
Plate
circle,
R.r.
L, no.
13.
The
issuer,
Samuel
Porter,
was a banker.
He was
82
YARMOUTH.
SHILLING.
as
of Yarmouth three demi-lions conjoined with demi-herrings, gules and azure, within a wreath of oak. Norfolk and Suffolk token one * shilling * There is one acorn at the corner of shield at the left. 9> Arms of Bury St. Edmunds, azure, three crowns, two and one, each over sceptres in saltire, between branches of olive and palm 181 1 under, payable at j. hunton's Yarmouth & at blyth & c? bury. The top outside olive leaf is under the u in hunton's Plate B, no. 10.
13.
;
O The arms
many
14. G Similar to last there are two acorns at the left hand corner of shield. > Similar to last, but the olive leaf points to the foot of the h in hunton's Halliday.
;
Boyne
John Blythe
229.
Co. were mercers in the Butter Market, Bury St. Edmunds. The firm was noted for Suffolk hemp goods. Vide Golding 89, I. John Hunton was a linen draper in the Market Place, Yarmouth. After the issue of the token he migrated to London, where he was in business as a mercer, at 21, Bishopsgate Street Without, but resided at Low Leyton, in Essex. He became involved in speculation, and lost a considerable sum in Spanish bonds. Hunton was found guilty and condemned to death for forgery on bills of exchange. He was one of the last to suffer capital punishment for the crime of forgery. petition was presented to the Home Secretary praying his reprieve, and among the names who signed was M. N. Rothschild. "The Times" advocated clemency without avail, as Hunton was executed at Newgate with three others on Dec. 8th, 1828. " Camden Pelhani's Chronicles of Crime" Times Newspaper.
&
The arms of Yarmouth within a garter inscribed payable. REYNOLDS. YARMOUTH 9> Arms, dexter three crosslets, and as many in sinister, in the bend argent, a lion rampant, over two batons in saltire, within Under the shield a garter inscribed Norfolk token for xii pence.
15.
0-
BY. F. R.
81
Halliday.
Plate
J,
no. 18.
16.
O The same
9=
as last.
castle.
Under 1811
last.
Crest, a
B, no. 11.
hand holding
baton, in a
garter inscribed as
R.r. Plate
Halliday.
Frederick Riddell Reynolds was an attorney, who likewise carried on the business of a brewer and merchant, King Street, Yarmouth. He issued promissory notes for five shillings.
N.M. 1893.
We read of a
"
successful capture of
a few nights since, of silver tokens, to the amount of ^19 17s. of one shilling each, out of a box containing the same description of tokens to the amount of ^ioo. The coach goes from the White Horse, Fetter Lane, and changes coaches the box was there discovered to have been at Ipswich, where the coach becomes a Mail broken and shattered, and when it reached the gentleman at Yarmouth to whom it was guard has been in directed, tokens to the above amount were discovered to be missing. custody for several days on suspicion of being concerned in the robbery two or three witnesses were examined, but they not being able to prove anything against him, he was discharged." The Eve7iing Sun, London, Nov. 22?id, 1811.
NORFOLK.
83
NORWICH.
TWOPENNY
COPPER.
17.
PIECE.
O Arms
;
of the
city,
gardant gules
Norwich two penny piece for change not profit. Vo Norwich on a ribbon, a shuttle above, legend robT blake. COTTON & BOMBAZINE MANUFACTURER.
Plate
18.
B, no. 12.
Also
in silver.
This
is
R.r.r.
in the British
Halliday.
Museum.
in
Higham
Street.
PENNY.
19.
O View of
>
Two
sheep
a castle in a
Norwich castle
;
meadow
Plate
B, no. 13.
20.
Also
in silver.
R.r.
in
P. Wyon.
London Lane.
Samuel Barker was a linen and woollen draper who had a shop
HALFPENNY.
With
21.
0-
Crest.
The
figure of
Hope
dunham
&
Arms
(I
of the city, crest Prince of Wales' plumes and motto, On a label below, relief in serve) regency 181 i The top bar of shield lines with the first limb of n
Sharp 209,
1.
22.
O
9>
Wyon.
Without
23.
Crest.
;
O Britannia standing helmeted, a lion at her side newton The centre plume on helmet touches the The lion's tail touches the first letter of legend. ' small H Arms of the city as before, but crest omitted; Norwich
silversm and jeweller
~&>
mdcccxi
24.
The
O
9>
distinct feathers
Similar to last, but the plume is larger, and forms three the lion's tail is qzrite clear of the letter n Similar to last, but the portcullis to the castle is expressed.
;
R.r.r.
84
25.
R.r.r.
plume
is
much
smaller
at the left
it
nearly
Street.
O
9>
wheat sheaf; payable at the corporation house. circle, tunstead & happing.
195, 2.
1812.
HALFPENNY.
30.
0-
Similar to
last,
Halliday.
It is still in
a workhouse in the Parish of Smallburgh. and situated three miles from Stalham railway station.
WROXHAM.
THREEPENCE.
O A wheelbarrow with mattock and spade laid across it to. workmen, and. promote, agriculture Under the wheelbarrow, marle pit token
31.
;
pay.
<q>
Outer legend,
D.
proprietor
The
in
797.
COLLYER. Milton.
a living
Plate
issuer of the token
J,
no.
17.
Collyer,
Kent.
85
NORTHAMPTONSHIRE.
PETERBOROUGH.
TWO
SILVER.
1. O Arms, gules, two keys in saltire, a crosslet in the angles within a garter inscribed, dollar silver. Legend, Peterborough token PAYABLE BY GEORGE GRIFFIN 1812 within a wreath of oak. h.m fy silver token 2 shill
SHILLINGS.
under.
R.r.
Plate
2.
L, no. 14.
Also
in
Copper.
R.r.
Halliday.
EIGHTEENPENCE.
front of Peterborough Cathedral within a circle of pellets. 9. for eighteen pence within a wreath of olive. bank token cole & c? in a circle of pellets.
3.
O The west
silver token
181
Peterborough
Boyne
4.
174.
Also
in
Copper.
R.r.
shilling.
5.
O
9.
Similar to
last.
for
in
xii
pence
Otherwise as
Plate
R.r.
last.
15.
R.r.
B, no.
6.
Also
Copper.
Halliday.
;
See Derbyshire, no. 2, for another shilling token with view of Peterborough Cathedral. Cole 6 Co. were one of the principal city bankers their London Agents, Glyn &-* Co., 12
Birchin Lane.
86
HALF CROWX.
SILVER.
1. O Arms, three castles, two over one, gules, and supporters of Newcastle; Motto, fortiter defexdit triumphaxs ( Triumphing it bravely defends). Crest, a lion holding a standard issuant from a castle payable by tohx robertsox. xewcastle ox tyxe. Female seated on a bale, with spear and cornucopia a ship xorthumberlaxd .v Durham xxx pexce token i8ii in the distance On the ground, p. wyon f.
;
Plate
B, no.
16.
EIGHTEEXPENCE.
2.
O Similar
motto omitted.
artist's
R
tokex
3.
Similar to
R.r.r.
15.
Also in Copper. R.r.r. Both obverse and reverse have a broad toothed border.
SHILLIXG.
P. Wyon.
O View of a coal staith with a ship laying to, BERWICK MAIN COLLIERY + l8ll + OXE SHILLING PAYABLE AT XEWCASTLE OX R. LONDON +
4.
in
circle.
TYXE
AXD
Boyne
5.
160.
Similar to
last,
but the
name
Boyne
spelled
159.
bewicke
Halliday.
to the
Samuel Cook, the inventor of a self-acting plane to convey coals from the mines Tyne, was part proprietor of this colliery when the tokens were issued.
6.
O Arms, supporters,
l8
I
etc.,
as
on no.
Northumberland and
;
DURHAM
9: Britannia seated with her attributes, a ship in the distance BRITISH OXE SHILLIXG TOKEX MDCCCXII
Boyne
7.
168.
Also
in
Copper.
R.r.r.
In the Ge?it~lema7ts Magazine, 181 5, p. 305. John Bell, the issuer of the farthing tokens, says " This was done by a person at Shields to pay off amongst the common people as a Robertson's token, and appeared to be made of worse silver."
:
G Arms, etc., as before; payable by alex r kelty xewcastle OX TYNE View of a colliery xorthumberlaxd & Durham 12 tokex
8.
;
1812
Plate
Boyne, by an error
in dating this
B, no. 17.
1,
token 181
to
be
made
in vain.
NORTHUMBERLAND.
9.
87
O Also
in
Copper.
R.r.r.
:
Halliday.
" There was another pair of dies sunk prior to this p. 592 John Bell again says (differently executed), but very few impressions struck from them, being found too large for circulation."
On
etc., as 1 0. O Arms, NEWCASTLE ON TYNE & Female seated, Durham 12^ token 1 81 1
no.
payable
by
2
;
john
Robertson.
&
etc.,
as
on no.
spear
164.
Northumberland
The
is
under the n
small
on the ground.
Boyne
11. O Similar to last, but iohn instead of john and a border of dots added. 9= Similar to last, but the spear points between the n and d border of dots as on the obverse.
12.
Similar to
last,
w on the
13. 0- Similar, but the tail of the left hand supporter approaches nearly to the legend, whilst that on the right points more upwards in the direction of the t > Similar, but the w is again on the ground.
SIXPENCE.
Arms, etc. 2 14. payable by iohn Robertson NEWCASTLE ON TYNE Northumberland & Durham fy Female seated, etc. as before D No initial on ground. 6 token 1 8 1 1
0-
as on no.
Boyne
15.
166.
O Also
in
Copper on a large
Boyne
flan.
167.
P. Wyon.
The movement
CAUTION
To the Public
againft taking Local Silver
Tokens.
1.
" Mr. John Robertson, Silver Smith, Dean Street, hav" ing, by public Advertifement, announced his Intention " of issuing Silver Tokens, for general Circulation, as Shillings " and Sixpences, in this Town and the adjoining Counties, We, " the Underfigned, think it necefiary to inform the Public, that we " will not receive, in Payment, any Tokens which may be iffued, " either by the faid Mr. John Robertson, or by any other iNdivi" dual whatever."
[Here follow the signatures of 118 names of individuals or " N.B. We have Authority to fay, that all Local Tokens will
' '
firms.]
be refufed in
Payments by the
S.
88
Tokens
issued by
to
inform
the Public that such Report is groundless, and that he conceives himself as much responsible to the Public upon the Tokens issued by him, as if they were promissory
Notes payable on Demand. In Answer to a most malicious Advertisement which appeared in the Tyne Mercury of this Week, stating, that various local Tokens issued in this Neighbourhood had been assayed, and found on an Average not to exceed in Value from 8d. to 8^ each, J. Robertson begs Leave to assure the Public, that the Statement contained in that Advertisement is a gross Misrepresentation, and calculated to mislead the Public. Perhaps no two of J. Robertson's Tokens are exactly of the same Weight, but any twenty of them, taken promiscuously, will average in real Value from iod. to \o\. each.
Newcastle,
May
I,
1812.
S.
John Robertson,
silversmith,
Loitdon Gazette.
PENNY.
COPPER.
16. O View of a coal staith with a ship laying to, in a circle. BEWICKE MAIN COLLIERY + l8ll + 9> ONE PENNY PAYABLE AT in a circle. NEWCASTLE ON TYNE AND
LONDON
17.
Plate
B, no. 18.
Also
in Silver.
R.r.r.
and
Halliday.
WORKS, DURHAM,
TO BE SOLD BY AUCTION,
By Mr. Munn,
At the Auction Mart (London) on Thursday the 26th instant, at Twelve, by Direction of the Assignees of Harrison, Cooke and Co. with the concurrence of the Mortgagees, in one Lot. Star Newspaper, September 17th, 181 1.
FARTHING.
18.
0-
The arms
of Newcastle on Tyne.
QUAY.
#>
double-fronted shop
Under
1815.
R.r.
Batty 613.
19.
O As
9>
last.
1
NEWCASTLE, TOKEN.
last.
I 5.
R.r.
Batty 619.
20.
O As
9=
barge
last.
sailing.
R.r.
Batty 620.
21.
O As
0
QUAY.
NEWCASTLE. 1815.
R.r.
Batty 618.
NORTHUMBERLAND.
22.
89
O
9>
double-fronted shop; bell over the door. Under 1815. FARTHING YOUNGEST SON OF. FORTUNE. R.r.
Batty 616.
23.
O As
9>
last
ROBERT
OLIVER
5.
R.r.
24.
in a circle of pellets.
Batty 615.
R.r.
25.
O ROBERT
#>
...
QUAY
NEWCASTLE. 1815.
In the British
Museum.
26.
O As last. ^ a proddy O
9
in a circle of pellets.
R.r.
27.
Turk's head.
last.
As
In the British
Museum.
28.
O As
last.
& COALY
29.
TYNE.
R.r.
Batty 622.
O
Vo
barge
sailing.
COALY TYNE.
In Mr. Norman's cabinet.
30.
#>
OF. FORTUNE.
R.r.
Batty 621.
31.
O As
9,
A barge
sailing.
In the British
Unknown.
Museum. in white metal, and those numbered to Batty were purchased by that executors of John Bell, who was an antiquary and collector. He was
1st, 1817.
32.
0-
A
in
rose spray.
9>
^ token 1812.
make and
An
ornament under.
It is located in consequence of its with a Newcastle-on-Tyne collector.
This
is
similarity in
snuff*
90
34.
35.
bottom
R.r.
Also
in Silver.
Also a proof
in Brass.
This
is
R.r.
in the British
Museum.
Halliday.
Plate
B, no. 19.
John Davidson, who was in a similar business to Elliott's, issued in the second decade of the century an advertisement of farthing size, but as no value or date is expressed it is omitted.
D. T.
BATTY.
possession of Win.
From
a Photograph in
rJie
Norman.
91
NOTTINGHAMSHIRE.
MANSFIELD.
SHILLING.
SILVER.
I.
O PAYABLE BY E. DAWSON MANSFIELD W. JERREMS GAINSBOROUGH HEDLEY LYNN NORFOLK & H. MORGAN LONDON l8l2 in a circle. Legend, a pound note will be paid for 20 of these +
1.
.
arms, crest, etc., similar to Bristol, within a garter inscribed dollar silver Legend, silver token for xii pence R.r.r.
9>
The
Boyne
140.
This reverse also occurs at Cheltenham. Edward Dawson was the Mansfield postmaster.
Beehive and bees, c & g. stanton. hancock. wakefield ELLIS. MANSFIELD 9> Female seated on a bale, with scales and cornucopia, one shilling silver token 1812 The initials y & d tinder the hilt of the sword a small h on the left corner of the bale. R.
2.
& C? &
Plate
B, no. 20.
3. Similar to last, but the initials y & d are near the end of the sword. The h on the bale is omitted. Halliday.
Boyne
;
141.
Charles and George Stanton, and Hancock, Wakefield turers William Ellis a draper and woollen salesman.
&
Co.,
NEWARK.
shilling.
4. O View of a building, town hall newark silver token for one shilling 1811 The head of the figure on the pediment is under the E in token s $> T. STANSALL cha moor rich? fisher w^ fillingham w ^ READETT AND T. WILSON THE CURRENT VALUE. PAYABLE Legend, IN CASH NOTES.
1
Boyne
158.
5. Similar to last, but there is no period after t in the first line of the reverse, nor between the and payable in the outer legend.
Plate
6.
B, no. 21.
w^
1
fillingham
is
above the
s in
The
line
92
7.
head of the figure is under the k in token t stanzail cha ? moore rich ? fisher W* FILLINGHAM W? READETT AND F WILSON R.
is
a counterfeit.
O As
>
last.
5,
Similar to no.
but the t of
first line
intersects the c of
current
Thomas
R.
Halliday.
and William
Stansall was a grocer, Charles Moor a chemist, Richard Fisher Fillingham drapers, William Readett grocer, and Thomas Wilson a brazier.
ARNOLD.
FIVE SHILLINGS.
COPPER.
9.
0-
fleece
suspended from an
apple tree
davison and
HAWKSLEY
~fy
saltire
SIXPENCE.
R.r.
ONE
11. Similar, except in size
SHILLING.
;
and value
Boyne
14.
*one shilling*
R.
SIXPENCE.
12. Similar, except in size
Wyon.
A few of these pieces were gilt and silver-plated. Boyne says "In the M.S. Catalogue the Arnold Works are said to be a mill for spinning wool at Nottingham." These mills for the manufacture of worsted were situated near the Qean, Nottingham. They were destroyed by fire in January, 1791. This probably accounts for the scarcity of the tokens, especially those of the higher values.
NEWARK.
PENNY.
O View of a castle and the river, 1811 under. Legend, NEWARK TOKEN FOR ONE PENNY + A Small H at the left. > T. STANSALL CHARLES MOOR RICH? FISHER W- FILLINGHAM w- readett t. wilson and, in a circular legend, the current
13.
The M
195,
1.
in
FILLINGHAM
is
below the
in NOTES.
Sharp
is
the above
s in
notes.
R.
Halliday.
NOTTINGHAMSHIRE.
93
NOTTINGHAM.
O w^. baker Nottingham An ornament between baker and Nottingham Legend, a pound note for 240 tokens. 1813. R. fy one penny token within a wreath of oak and laurel.
15.
1
Turnpenny.
Sharp 195, The issuer was a hosier
16.
Ex.
1
5.
in Fletchergate.
O
9>
distant view of
Nottingham Castle
8I2
The arms
fellowes
17.
18.
is
under
j.
O Similar
9-
to last, but
dated 1813
19.
ham
18 1 3
near view of the castle one penny token Ex.notting A scroll before and after Nottingham P. Wyon. As last. R.r.
Sharp
195,
3.
20. O A TOKEN l8 13
>
still
Nottingham penny.
Ex.
crown
in line
second a
Nottingham
London being
9-
SHROPSHIRE.
DAWLEY.
SHILLING.
SILVER.
1.
SELLS CHAINS FOR PITS CRANES &c OF BEST HORSE-NAIL IRON in an inner circle legend, gilbert gilpin day/ley
;
R.r.
HALFPENNY.
COPPER.
2.
O Same
9=
as last.
last,
Similar to
i8ii
This
is
but legend, pays the bearer a halfpenny Halliday. Plate B, no. 23.
in the British
Museum.
Section of the Society of Arts, in 1805, awarded the silver medal and thirty guineas to Gilbert Gilpin for "an improved crane and flexible chain."' Vide Randall, Appendix to Life ofJohn Wilkinson. Gilpin, before commencing business, was employed by John Wilkinson, the great ironmaster. He died in 1827, and Palmer says "was buried in Wrexham Churchyard, where his tomb may yet be seen."
The Mechanics'
HALESOWEN.
PENNY.
3.
small
Mary's) penny token, payable at the small h on the base line at the left. Halliday.
B, no. 24.
variety,''
Plate
to find
it.
"The ground following inscription is placed over the door of the workhouse this building was erected, the garden hereunto belonging, together with 3 houses next adjoining, were given by Sir Thomas Lyttelton, Baronet, to the parish of Halesowen, Angel!s History of for the accommodation of the poor, in the year of our Lord 1730." Halesoweji. The church is remarkable for its beautiful spire. King John (Tanner says, ann. reg. 16) gave the manor and advowson of the church to Peter de Rupibus Bishop of Winchester, for the endowment of an abbey for canons of the Premonstratension order, which seems to have been begun and finished at the charges of the Crown, though the bishops of Winchester had the patronage.
The
on which
95
SOMERSETSHIRE.
BATH.
FOUR SHILLINGS.
SILVER.
1. O Arms, a chief two lions passant, on the base argent a Hon rampant, holding an oak tree supporters, Commerce and Justice motto, on a riband below, to facilitate trade Justice holding legend, bath token four shillings The right scales as crest Her left foot is over a foot of Justice points between t and r in trade in the same word. 9 A POUND NOTE GIVEN FOR FIVE OF THESE TOKENS C. CULVER house I. orchard and j. phipps within an inner circle legend, Margarets buildings bath The name, culverhouse is in line with the s of buildings jR.r.
; ; ; ;
Plate
2.
I,
no. 9.
Also
in
Copper.
R.r.r.
Boyne
12.
3.
O As
last.
9
ings
Similar to
last,
but orchard
is
build
R.r.r.
4. O Similar to last, but the right foot of Justice is over the r in trade, her left spans a and d of trade 9- A POUND NOT GIVEN FOR FIVE TOKENS BY C. CULVERHOUSE I. orchard and j. phipps No inner circle. R.r.r.
Boyne
5.
6.
13.
Similar, but
1.
instead of
j.
phipps
R.r.r.
Halliday.
O As
9=
last.
fleece
suspended;
ships
R.r.r.
Plate
7.
L, no. 16.
Also
in
Copper.
R.r.r.
;
This reverse will be found on the Not Local Three Shilling Piece. Charles Culverhouse was a baker, No. 5, Margaret's Buildings Isaac Orchard, auctioneer and upholsterer, No. 6; J. Phipps, shoemaker, No. 2, all in Margaret's Buildings, which was a street near to the Royal Crescent. The advertisement copied below indicates that the tokens were in circulation in 181 5. " Deer. 29th, 1 8 14.
Bath Tokens
Messrs. Culverhouse Orchard and Phipps, respectfully inform the Holders of their Tokens that they continue to exchange them for Notes in quantities of not less than One Pound, agreeably to their original engagements with the Public at No. 6 Margarets Buildings every day in the present week, between the hours of Eleven and Four, and afterwards on Saturdays only, between the same hours." Bath Chronicle, Dec. 29th, 18 14.
96
NINETEENTH CENTURY
TO"KEN COINAGE.
;
in base a 8. O Arms, argent in chief, two bars wavy, azure battlemented wall loopholed, over all a sword erect supporters, dexter, a lion rampant, sinister a bear contourne, both resting on a base of rough stones crest, hands clenched bath token + four shillings + Under the arms, 1811 The lion's head touches the b in bath The left hand cuff lines to the first limb of h The tops of ones in date are fiat. A POUND NOTE FOR 5 TOKENS GIVEN BY S. WHITCHURCH AND wM dore Staffordshire knot below, nearly touching the legend, commencing at w and terminating at o in dore
; ;
;
9.
nates at the r
10.
and
is
head
is
bath
The
slope,
between t and
The
and the
11.
last
R.
Similar, but the left cuff lines to the first limb of Plate C, no. 1, obverse only illustrated.
12.
Also
in
Copper.
R.r.r.
The 13. O Similar, but the left cuff lines between the limbs of h tops of ones in date axe fiat, the figures in date distant from the base
line.
9> Similar, but the knot commences at the last limb of terminates at the first limb of r in dore R.
m and
Boyne
14.
16.
;
O bath token
shillings
The
last.
1 1
legend,
four
& As
R.r.r.
All by P. Wyon.
C, no.
1,
Plate
Samuel Whitchurch and William Dore -were tradesmen at 26 and 24, Market Place the former being an ironmonger, and the latter a hatter. William Dore became promoter and partner in the Bath City Bank. The sign of the Golden Fleece which was suspended over William Dore's hat shop is now in the possession of Mr. Sydney Sydenham of Bath. The popularity of the issue of the tokens was beyond question, as will be seen from the subjoined notices. "The Four Shilling pieces issued by the two public-spirited tradesmen of this City Whitchurch & Dore) have been subjected to chemical analysis by Drs. Chichester and Wilkinson, and they are found to be equal in purity to Portuguese dollars, from which they are probably made, the proportion of alloy which they contain being per cent, of copper. Sterling Silver is worth 6s. 4d. per oz., and one of these tokens weighs 10 dwts., and would sell as old silver for more than 3s. The small profit the issuers may receive, is duly merited by the advantage derived by the public from the circulation of these tokens in the absence of the legal coin of the realm." Bath Ckro?iicle, Nov. 28//Z, 181 1. " To Messrs. Whitchurch and Dore. Bath, 24th January, 1812.
Gentlemen, We beg leave to return you our sincere thanks for the very seasonable relief which your Silver Tokens have afforded us at a time when we (in common with our Fellow-Citizens) were labouring under the greatest inconvenience for want of small change.
SOMERSETSHIRE.
97
" While your respectability at once dissipated any apprehension of loss, your public spirit has impressed us with gratitude we therefore earnestly hope that you will not withhold such further supplies as the necessity of the case may require. " We are, Gentlemen, yours, etc. Wm. May W. Kemp James Taylor Sheppard and Trinder R. M. Payne Jas. Evill and Son Stephen Leedham Evill and Newell Moger and Nicholson H. Godwin B. Shaw and Son John Daniel
;
Sam
Hallett
Griffith
Henry
and W. Slack
lers,
Bath Chro7iicle, Thursday, Jan. 30, 1812. These signatures represented the principal traders of Bath at the time, such as JewelAuctioneers, Booksellers, Grocers, Linen and Woollen Drapers, Merchants and others.
PROVINCIAL TOKENS.
Whitchurch and Dore beg to inform their friends and the public that they purpose to continue to take, in exchange for goods at their respective Shops, s long as the wisdom of viz. those Parliament may permit such Local Coin to be circulated, the following Tokens issued by the Marlborough Bank; the Bristol, Andover and Gloucester Tokens the Frome Tokens, of one and two shillings each, also the tokens which have been issued by their With respect to their own Tokens, as their promise is exhibited in neighbours in Bath very legible characters on the face of every one of them, Whitchurch and Dore have only to say that they hold themselves in readiness to perform that promise whenever it shall be
:
"
required of them.
"
May
\$th, 1812.
"Whereas
TWO
; ;
SHILLINGS.
motto, to facilitate trade Justice 15. O Arms and supporters holding scales as crest legend, bath token two shillings fy A POUND NOTE GIVEN FOR TEN TOKENS BY C. CULVERHOUSE i. orchard and Hallidciy. j. phipps
Plate
C, no.
2.
SHILLING.
Similar, but bath token one shilling 18 12 A POUND NOTE GIVEN FOR 20 OF THESE OUR TOKENS C. CULVERHOUSE I. ORCHARD AND J. PHIPPS Legend, MARGARETS BUILD ings bath Periods after initials. R.
16.
0-
$>
Boyne
15.
1
and
for
R.r.
Halliday.
advertised as follows
the Public, and it being now discovered that the only Bristol Tokens which freely circulated in this city have been basely imitated to a great extent, we have at length been induced to accede to the presseing solicitations of our friends, and thus announce to the public that they may now be supplied with Silver Shilling Bath Tokens of weight and purity equal, if not superior, to any yet issued.
98
"
provide themselves with tickets. N.B. No tokens taken but those of Messrs. Garratt 6 Co., Bristol Messrs. Whitchurch <&= Dore, and Messrs. Culverhouse, Orchard & Phipps, Bath." Keene's Bath Journal, June 1st, 18 12.
;
BRISTOL.
SHILLING.
Without Supporters.
Arms, argent, a ship, issuant from a castle, of the city of arms in saltire, in one hand a serpent nowed, in the other a pair of scales no legend. SILVER TOKEN. 1 2 in a Circle. > BRISTOL FOR NECESSARY CHANGE. l8l I
18.
Bristol
crest,
Plate
19. Also in Copper.
L, no. 17.
R.r.
:
Halliday.
An
early notice of the token " society in Bristol are now issuing twelve penny Silver tokens to remedy the inconvenience arising from the scarcity of change. The}' are said to be of equal fineness with the silver issues of the Bank of England, and have the Bristol arms on one side, and on the other 'For necessary change, Bristol Silver Token. 12 (pence) 181 1. " Bath Chronicle, August 8th, 181 1.
With Supporters.
last
O Arms of Bristol, with supporters, and helmeted crest as ONE SHILLING TOKEN GENUINE DOLLAR SILVER 3 DWT NOV R I. l8ll by E- bryan Bristol within a floral wreath. 9> issued SOMERSET WILTS DEVON. GLOUCESTERSHIRE. NORTH AND SOUTH WALES. Unknown. and Bristol token.
20.
;
issuers
SOMERSETSHIRE.
99
Bank Company.
21. O Arms and crest of the city of Bristol without supporters, within a garter inscribed virtute et industria (By Virtue and Industry) The tail of the legend, Bristol token for xii pence snake in crest touches the n of token The flag on mainmast reaches the centre of the flag on left tower, a portion of the flag staff and a corner of the flag is seen on the tower at the right. 9> PAYABLE BY MESS^f FRA? GARRATT W^ TERRELL EDW BIRD lanI beck & fran^ h. grigg. in a circle legend, issued in Bristol aug! 12. 181 1. to facilitate trade. The f in fra lines to the foot of t in to and the final t in garratt points between d and e in
;
trade
22.
Boyne
34.
Similar to
last,
in
but the tail of the snake does not touch the at the right is without the staff, the corner
of the flag is seen as in last. of to 9> Similar, but the f in fraIi lines between t and last t in garratt points to the first limb of e in trade. R.
23.
flag.
9>
The
Similar, but the tower at the right Similar, but the last t in
is
trade.
24.
staff
R.
O
9>
foot of t in
in
is no period after grigg the f lines to the t in garratt points to the first limb of e
TRADE.
The
25.
Mr. Bowles
outer legend of this reverse is tinted or, is in possession of the reverse die.
" variety.
Similar,
flag
above the
9>
but the flag on the tower at the left floats clear on the mainmast and nearly all the flag on the tower
at the right
is seen.
Similar, but f in fra lines between the t and o of to the final t in garratt points between d and e in trade, as no. 23. R.r.
26.
token
flag
is
9>
The
staff is
tail of the snake in crest touches the n in omitted on the tower at the right, the corner of
exhibited.
to as
in no. 21.
All
R.r. by Halliday.
100
27.
of
flag
before the tail of snake does not touch the n on the mainmast reaches to the centre of the
;
flag
tower.
W^ FERRELL
payable by mess^ fra? carratt (sic) The (sic) BECK & FRAN? H. GRIGG. f in fra? lines between t and o of to and the final t in garratt points between d and e of trade.
Similar, but reads
(sic)
28.
Also
in brass.
Unknown.
forgeries,
The
last
and very
rare.
August
29.
0-
22ND.
Arms and crest of the City of Bristol within a garter inscribed yirtute et industria The tail of snake in crest does not touch the n of token Legend, Bristol token for xii pence The flag on the mainmast reaches the centre of the flag on the left tower.
PAYABLE BY MESS- S FRA- GARRATT W- TERRELL EDW? BIRD LAM- BECK & FRAN- H. GRIGG Legend, TO FACILITATE TRADE. ISSUED in Bristol aug- 22 181 1 The f in fra- lines to the foot of t in to R. Unknown.
30. 0- Similar, but the flag on the left tower floats clear above the tail of the snake in crest touc/ies the the one on the mainmast
;
&
in
TOKEN
$>
but reads payable by mess-s fra- garrett (sic) wSterrail edm- bird lam- beck & fran- h. gregg (sic) in a circle. Legend, to facilitate trade, issued in Bristol aug- 22 181 1. R.
Similar,
Boyne
31.
35.
32.
Same Same
as last in copper
the reverse
is
silver plated.
R.r.
R.r. The
Unknown.
last three are
are rare. Francis Garratt, Bristol Buildings, and 9, Cathay, was a grocer William Terrell, 17, The Black, a rope maker; Edward Bird, silversmith, Launcelot Beck, haberdasher, both of Clare Street, and Francis Hore Grigg, 34, High Street, haberdasher. Garratt & Co. are said to have issued Silver Shilling Tokens to the amount of ^27,000. Bath Journal, Nov. iiik, 181 1. See Official Balance SJieet.
all
:
IMPORTANT CAUTION.
We, the undersigned, hereby caution the public against a spurious Imitation of our Twelve-penny and Sixpenny Tokens, differing, however, in the names on the reverse, which in the Base Tokens are all erroneously spelt, as will be perceived in the specimens subjoined.
Original Token.
Payable By Messrs Fras Garratt
Rathbone-place Token.
Payable
By Messrs
Frans Garrett
Wm.
Terrell
Edwd
Bird
&
SO ERSE TSHIRE.
101
" Considering it an imperious duty which we owe to the public and ourselves to trace the authors of this infamous deceptio?i, we have succeeded in ascertaining that it has been carried into effect by the well-known Mr. H. Morgan, No. 12, Rathbone-piace, and A. B., No. 35, Cock Lane, Snow-Hill, London, and that the new coinage he has produced is of inferior value to his former tokens, said to be issued by Royal License, and which fortunately for the community, have been long since detected, and the circulation stopped. " have with equal certainty ascertained Mr. Morgan's Resident Agent in Bristol, whose name we for the present for-bear announcing, in the hope that this public notice will so effectually put the public and the parties on their guard, as to render further measures unnecessary.
We
Francis Garratt
Wm Terrell
Launcelot Beck
Edward Bird
Francis
Grigg."
27th, 18 12.
The note
Commercial
No.
y; ew
.
FIVE
The Ar s of
Bristol.
Promise
1
to
pay
the
Bearer
Commercial
Rooms,
Bristol.
the sum of FIVE POUNDS, on Demand. Mefs r s Will ? Storrs Fry & Sons, Bankers in London. Value received the day of .... 181 ... N. ... For Garratt, Terrell, Bird, Beck & Grigg Entd
at
.
. .
FIVE POUNDS
Bank
London
a blank of which
is
here
o s "
N.
Bristol
181
g
h
J
08
after
pay
.......
to facilitate
Trade
or order
For Garratt,
Terrell, Bird,
Beck
&
Grigg
a h
-
to
Messrs Will ? Storrs Fry Bankers, London.
1
&
Sons,
Subsequent to the circulation of the tokens, a statement of account was published, showing the enormous number issued, at a loss of .5,588 10s. 2d. It is generally supposed that silver tokens produced great profits to the issuers, considering the cost of silver and the light weight of the tokens, but. it will be seen that in this instance such was not the case
:
102
Dr.
1812.
Contra.
Cr.
To
Nov.
By cash received for 28,600 oz. Silver, at 5s. 1 id. per oz.
. . .
3,460 16
13
1814 Dec.
To
cost
making Tokens at
of
.
2,560
By amount now
26,000
oz
oz.
at
5s.
By
Interest circulation
during
400
By Loss
28,337 13
6
5,588 10
28,337 13
The above
is
a true statement.
Wm.
The
Public Notice.
Messrs. Garratt & Co. having publicly declared that after the 2nd of November, they not give for their Tokens, the value for which they were issued by them We, the undersigned, have determined that we will not receive them in payment for more than
will
:
&
J.
Fitchew.
Purnells
&
Co.
John Simpkin.
Samuel Lucas.
October 1812.
T. Lane, Printer, Redcliff- Street, Bristol.
TOKENS.
At a meeting convened to take into consideration the issue of Garratt & Co's. Tokens, it was unanimously Resolved, (as they will not be paid after Monday morning next) not to take them after this present day Saturday, Oct. 31, 1812. Castle-Street Stephen Biss, St. Philips. William Major, Printer, St John's Steps, Bristol
w$$WSSm
SOMERSETSHIRE.
BRISTOL, MONDAY, NOV.
"
2,
103
1812.
GARRATT&CO.
Engage to pay the Tokens Issued by them until the 25th of March, Evans & Grabham, Printers, Mercury Office, 34, Broad-Street.
"
181 3.
No.
"
22,
High-Street, Nov.
the
15,
1814.
To
Tradesmen of Bristol.
" With a view to relieve the inconvenience felt by the Public at large (but more especially by the labouring classes) in consequence of the sudden stoppage of the old copper currency, Wm. Ringer was induced to write a letter to the Honourable Commissioners of His Majesty's Mint, Tower, London, to inquire of them whether any real cause existed for such stoppage In reply he received a letter on Saturday last, 12th inst. (which he will be happy to shew to any Gentleman who will call on him any day before 9 in the morning, or after 4 in the afternoon) stating that it was the intention of Government to withdraw the Old Halfpence from circulation, for which purpose the Mint Office was now open to receive them, under certain restrictions and limitations to be stated on personal application at said W. R. immediately wrote to a Friend in London to procure office, on certain days named. for him the necessary particulars, which he expects to receive by to-morrow's post, and whilst upon this information, he is content to receive Old Tower Halfpence in payment for Stockings, he begs leave most earnestly to invite his fellow Tradesmen to follow his example in their respective articles of Sale, and thereby rid the city of an Evil, which it will be their own fault if they ever suffer to exist again, at the same time assuring them, that any information he may receive on the subject shall be quite at their service " Good Old Tower Halfpence taken for Stockings between the Hours of Nine in the Morning and Four in the Afternoon
:
be seen by this important announcement how unpopular were the old Tower "halfpence, and the keenness with which some tradesmen took advantage of the discredited copper currency to dispose of their wares.
It will
No
Date.
33. O The arms and crest of the City of Bristol within a garter Legend, Bristol token for xii inscribed virtute et industria
pence
payable by a one pound note for 20 of these at p. Legend, H. MORGAN LICENSED MANUFACTURER I 2 RATHBONE PLACE LONDON R.V.T.
9>
34. O The arms and crest of the City of Bristol within a garter Legend, Bristol token xii pence inscribed virtute et industria The tail of snake in crest touches the n of token. The flagstaff on the mainmast is under the t in et 9> BRISTOL SHILLING SILVER TOKEN ISSU'd BY ROYAL LICENCE Legend, h. morgan licensed manufacturer 12 rathbone place
London.
Boyne
35.
in
37.
Halliday.
Similar, but the
tail
and pence in the legend reads pense under the scale pan between the arms.
9>
token
The
flagstaff is
As
last.
last.
36.
O As
9>
R.
Unknown.
104
37.
coronet above a
flags,
drum,
inscribed
01
Cannon,
flintlock,
trumpet, and
H.
9) BRISTOL SHILLING TOKEN ISSU'd BY ROYAL LICENCE Legend, MORGAN LICENSED MANUFACTURER 12 RATHBONE PLACE LONDON.
R.r.r.
Halliday.
July 12TH.
88. O The arms and crest of the city of Bristol within a garter, inscribed virtute et industria Legend, Bristol medal the xii
OF JULY
Vo BRISTOL AND WELCH PRINCIPALITY SILVER MEDAL F. GARRATT & F S HORE GRIGG Legend, PROSPERITY TO WALES & THE CITY OF BRISTOL. R.r.
39.
o As
last.
last,
As
40.
R.r.r.
O As
V
last.
MEDAL
41.
Similar, but reads Bristol and welch principality silver FR GARRATT LAM T BECK & F S HORE GRIGG R.r.r.
last.
O As
9>
BRISTOL AND WELCH PRINCIPALITY SILVER MEDAL ISSUED BY ROYAL LICENCE Legend, PROSPERITY TO WALES & THE CITY OF BRISTOL
R.r.
September
42.
sth.
O As
last.
in
circle.
Legend, merthyr *
sep 181
R.r.r.
Unknown.
Bristol
Bridge.
Bristol & Wiltshire token bridge of three arches. tops of the ones in date are flat. payable by niblock & 5? value 12 pence in a radiated star, LATHAM. AT THEIR WAREHOUSE. BRIDGE S- & TROWBRIDGE The point of star at the right lines with the terminal of e in warehouse Plate C, no. 3.
43.
1
0-
81
The
44. O Similar to last, but the tops of the ones in date slope, and there are projections on either side between the pillars and the lamps. R Similar, but the point of star lines with the first limb
of e
J.
R.
Niblock and R.
S.
Halliday.
Latham, Mercers, Bath, were declared bankrupts, Nov. 30, 1821.
Boyne
39.
SOMERSETSHIRE.
With Supporters, September
45.
6th.
105
of the city of Bristol, with supporters, and helmeted let trade & commerce flourish. Bristol issued by w. sheppard exchange sep- 6 1 8 1 1 The tops of the ones in date are flat. Somersetshire 12 pence in a wreath of oak. 9= value
;
O Arms
crest as before,
WILTSHIRE GLOUCESTERSHIRE SOUTH WALES AND BRISTOL TOKEN There are two acorns above the intersection of the wreath. Halliday.
Boyne,
41.
46.
O Similar
to last,
tops of the ones in date slope. R Similar, but with one acorn above the intersection of the Unknown. wreath. R.
William Sheppard was a bookseller, and Lottery Office keeper,
in
Corn
Street.
The following form of advertisement was resorted to by both to the tokens and his business
:
Advt.
SCARCITY OF CHANGE.
Sheppard, Bookseller, Stationer and Dealer in Patent Medicines, &c. opposite the Exchange, Bristol, in consequence of the distressing scarcity of Change, has procured a quantity of Silver Tokens with which he will accommodate his Friends and Customers in the Country on their remitting, post paid, cash notes for the quantity they may want. At the same time, orders in the line of his business, will be duly attended to." "Bristol, September, 181 1." Bath Chronicle, Sept. 26th, 181 1. The issuer of this token was declared bankrupt, April nth, 1818.
"Wm.
Bristol
47.
Quay.
A three-masted
ship sailing,
army
&? *
Plate
48.
O As
V
last.
last,
As
1 1
omitted.
R.
They
also
Halliday.
had
stores in
Robert Tripp and Co. were tailors and accoutrement makers. Duke Street. R. Tripp was gazetted bankrupt June 10, 181 7.
SIXPENCE.
Arms and Supporters.
49.
O Arms,
crest,
etc.
TOKEN
TO FACILITATE TRADE
6 D within a floral
9>
Bristol sixpenny the shilling. l8ll wreath, genuine dollar silver issued
as on
BY E BRYAN.
50.
O Same
9>
e. in e.
bryan.
Unknown.
106
Arms and crest of the city of Bristol within a garter 51. inscribed virtute et industria Legend, Bristol token for vi
PENCE
PAYABLE BY MESS-S FRA- GARRATT W- TERRELL EDW D BIRD LAN- BECK & FRAN- H GRIGG. ill a circle. TO FACILITATE TRADE. issued in Bristol AUG- 12. 1811. Halliday.
5k
Plate
C, no.
22.
5.
AUG!
52.
O
>
is
WR
Similar to last, but reads payable by mess rs fra n garratt TERRELL EDW N BIRD LAM T BECK & FRA N (sic) H GRIGG Dated AUG- 2 2' l8l I. R.
53.
O As
last.
Similar to
W- TERRAIL EDM-
but reads payable by mess rs fra? garrett BIRD LAM T BECK & FRAN- H. GREGG, (sic).
last,
Unknown.
No Date.
54.
in
O As
9>
last.
BRISTOL SILVER SIX-PENNY TOKEN ISSUED BY ROYAL LICENCE a circle, morgan licensed maker i 2 rathbone place London.
Boyne
55.
0-
38.
is seen.
PAYABLE AT MORGANS WAREHOUSE FOR BUCK & DOE SKINS castle sT- Bristol in a circle, a \ note will be paid for 40 of these. R.r. Halliday.
E>
July 6th.
56.
O Arms and
crest
a garter
inscribed
virtute et industria
BRISTOL
F^
OF JULY
GARRATT &
& SOUTH WALES SILVER MEDAL ISSUED BY F HORE GRIGG in 3. circle. PROSPERITY TO WALES & THE city of Bristol. R.r.r. Unknown.
#>
July 12TH.
57. O Arms and crest of the city of Bristol within a garter inscribed virtute et industria Legend, Bristol medal the xii
OF JULY
=
ROYAL LICENSE
BRISTOL & WELCH PRINCIPALITY SILVER MEDAL ISSUED BY Legend, PROSPERITY TO WALES & THE CITY OF BRISTOL +
Unknown.
In the cabinet of Sir William Henry Wills, Bart, M.P.
SOMERSETSHIRE.
Bristol
58.
107
Bridge.
i
A bridge of three arches; Bristol & Wiltshire token 181 value 6 pence in a radiated star, payable by. niblock & LATHAM. AT THEIR WAREHOUSE BRIDGES (st'c) & TROWBRIDGE R.
O
>
59.
O As
9=
last.
Similar to
last,
Halliday.
Niblock, in 1795, issued two halfpenny tokens. The Bristol Bridge, with a quaint reverse, where two men are standing, one of whom says, " I want to buy some cheap barThe second gains," to which the other replies, "Then go to Niblock's, Bridge Street."
Same
and
89.
With Supporters. 60. O Arms, supporters and crest of the city of Bristol sep t 6 181 1 under. Bristol payable by w. sheppard. exchange > 6 pence in a radiated star Somersetshire Wiltshire GLOUCESTERSHIRE SOUTH WALES AND BRISTOL TOKEN Unknown.
;
;
Boyne
42.
Without Shield. r. tripp & c~ Bristol 181 BY ONE DOLLAR FOR IO TOKENS & 2- OR 20 9> PAYABLE TOKENS FOR 2 DOLLARS & 4- AND 40 FOR A ONE POUND NOTE J?. Unknoivn.
61.
Boyne
44.
etc.,
following notices are taken from a collection of broadsides, in the possession of Mr. G. E. Weare, Weston-super-Mare
:
The
relating to Bristol,
" "
Bristol Tokens.
the time limited for payment of the Bristol Tokens will expire on Tuesday next, Nov. 3rd, We, the undersigned, do hereby call a Meeting {of the traders and others of this City, who feel interested) to be held at the Rummer Tavern, All Saints Lane, this present Tuesday evening, at Six o'clock, to consider of, and adopt some plan to prevent a recurrence of the late inconvenience for want of change. Joseph Hall. Tuckett & Sons. Bristol on as & Son J ohn ? October 27, 1812. " Hugh Taylor.
As
James Edwards.
" T. Lane, Printer, 59, Redcliff Street, Bristol."
The notice below shows the invective of the period by those of any kind " Partners Wanted.
:
to tokens
"A
persons,
Mechanic who can procure nearly two hundred poiaids !! ! wishes tojoin one or two who can each advance a like sum, to embark with him in a speculatio?t which will
produce without any risk to them a profit of at least Two hundredper cent !!! I and in which no credit or responsibility is at all necessary. " For particulars address, post paid, to Mister Fudge, Humbug-Row, Bristol. " N.B. To save trouble the speculation is to glut the City with Silver Tokens, following up by a plentiful issue of Bank- Notes, of considerably less value and it may be worth a future consideration to issue Copper and Brass Tokens, which the Partnership would find particularly profitable from their possessing such an ample stock of the latter article.
"
It
Evans
&
Graham,
Printers, 34,
Brood
Street, Bristol."
appears from a perusal of other broadsides and cuttings from contemporary Bristol
108
COINAGE.
newspapers in Mr. Wear's collection that twenty-one firms or individual tradesmen who were carrying on business in Redcliff parish, in the city of Bristol, gave public notice to the effect that Messrs. Garratt & Co. having publicly declared that after the 2nd of November they (Garratt & Co.) would not give for their tokens the value for which they were issued by them, the tradesmen referred to would not receive them in payment for more than gd. each. On the other hand, twenty-two firms or individual tradesmen issued a manifesto, in which they offered to take the tokens for their full value " until this City shall be more effectually
supplied with Government Coin," the signatories testifying their belief that the tokens " have been of essential service to this City, and that the discontinuance of them would very materially affect its trade, and reduce its inhabitants to as great distress as was experie?tced prior to their being issued." The correspondents who* wrote to the editors or, rather as was the custom in the period, " To the Printer" approached the matter from various standpoints, both favourable and unfavourable, alike to the principle of the issue of tokens and to those who issued them. One correspondent gives what he alleged to be the question of pure silver in the tokens as
follows
Worth.
Tokens marked
pure silver
9J fractions q| 9
;
Tripp's 6d. tokens 4J was stated that the Bristol tokens were made of dollar-silver, without any additional alloy that all the attendant expenses as to the coinage, carriage, insurance, etc., are on an average one penny each token. It was also stated that the Birmingham manufacturer charged one half profit upon each token the issuers have a fraction more than one penny this profit was acquired at a very considerable risk. One of the writers alleges that Messrs. Garratt & Co. had their shilling tokens made at the nett cost of 129 shillings per gross, independent It was also alleged that dollar silver of carriage and insurance to and from Birmingham. had advanced in price from 5s. nd. per ounce to 6s. 6d. per ounce that there was a strong probability that by March, 1813, the prices would have so far advanced "that the public might have preferred rubbing the tokens plain, and hoarding them as good, passable Tozver. .
. .
It
Shillings. n
CHARD.
SHILLINGS.
in an olive wreath. within a radiated garter inscribed shilling ISSUED. FOR. THE. BENEFIT + OF TRADE + R.
62.
Legend.
Plate
63.
L, no. 18.
O
fy
As
last.
R.r.
R.r.r.
64.
Also
in
Copper.
Halliday.
FROME SELWOOD.
TWO
SHILLINGS.
;
frome selwood 65. O Full faced bust (Edward I) crowned TOKEN FOR 2 SHILLINGS 9> at mess^5 willoughby & sons and a sugar loaf upon a cross R.r. radiated a one pound note given for io tokens 1812
Halliday.
Plate
C, no.
6.
SOMERSETSHIRE.
SHILLING.
66.
109
Similar to
S
last,
pence
WILLOUGHBY M* SINKINS H. RYALL W. SPARKS W. 9> AT MESS* gerard Griffith & GOUGPi. upon a cross radiated, a one pound HalUday. note given for 20 tokens 1 8 1
Boyne
;
85.
"According to the Norman Survey King Edward held Frome." Willoughby & Sons were grocers Mrs. Jane Sinkins, draper, in the Market Place Henry Ryall, grocer, in Catherine Hill William Sparks and William Gerard, grocers, Market Place Griffith & Gough, grocers, Stoney Street. Numismatic Mag. no. 156.
;
;
TAUNTON.
SHILLING.
payable at 67. O In a shield a crown surmounted by a cherub JOHN BLUETTS l8l taunton token |& value xii pence within a wreath of oak. Un known. R.r. r.
;
Plate
L, no. 19.
spirit
merchant.
BATH.
PENNY.
copper.
left foreleg
suspended from a ribbon bath token 181 i The over the first one in date, the ones are in a straight line, and slightly pointed at the tops, the tail falls below the hock. 9 A POUND NOTE FOR 24O TOKENS GIVEN BY S. T. WHITCHURCH and w. dore The t in tokens is over the n in given R.
68.
fleece
is
Sharp 69.
196,
1.
token
is
and by
70.
Similar, but the left foot of the fleece nearly touches the first
one
in
date
R.
in a
71.
curved
line
legs
Similar to last, but the first one in date is between the forethe ones in date are more pointed than the last.
Plate
C, no.
7.
110
73.
one
in date is
;
the
tail
does not fall below the hock the ones in date slope. 9> Similar, but the t of tokens is above the last limb of
in
P. Wyon.
74. O Arms and supporters of the City Crest, hands clenched BATH PENNY+ + + TOKEN+ + + l8ll ^ A POUND NOTE FOR 240 TOKENS GIVEN BY S_ WHITCHURCH and w. dore R. P. Wyon.
;
Sharp
196,
2.
BRISTOL.
PENNY.
Arms and
Crest.
COPPER.
75.
O Bust
1
token
1 1
Tops
one penny (George III) of ones slope, and the last numeral in date nearly
;
76.
Similar, but the last numeral in date does not touch the robe.
Plate
77.
C, no.
8.
of the
;
Similar to last, but the outer scale pan extends to the muscle arm the waves under the ship are formed of three thick lines there are no stays from ship to castle the snake is without a tongue.
;
;
last,
O
9
Similar
R.
SOMERSETSHIRE.
Ill
Bristol Brass
&
Copper Company.
Portcullis perpendicular.
81. O Arms and The mast next the stays,
lines.
9>
crest
castle
of the city; virtute et industria 1811 is the shorter of the two there are four
;
portcullis
is
The downstroke
in solid lines.
Sharp
of the 05
is
0$ 0$
last.
196,
5.
82.
O As
9>
monogram 0B 0$
Portcullis plain.
is
outlined.
83.
O
>
doorway under
of the letter,
lines.
from ship
to castle
the
and
is
under the y
payable
The monogram
in solid
Portcullis horizontal.
84.
from ship to
six stays
is
filled
in
with horizontal
9 As
85.
last.
;
holes
Similar, but five stays from ship to castle the filled-in with brickwork,
Similar, but the
is
two loopshowing
faintly.
downstroke of the
@ft
curve,
and
The monogram 0$
outlined.
86. O Similar, but the top of the two masts equal in height, and the two loopholes above the doorway -axe, plain.
9.
As
last.
87. O Similar, but the two loopholes in with brickwork, showing faintly.
filled
&
Similar to
last,
but 0$ 0$
solid.
112
88.
PATENT SHEATHING NAIL MANUFACTORY. BRISTOL. The mainmast points between the i and n of sheathing 9= ONE PENNY TOKEN in a circle. PAYABLE AT BRISTOL AND London 181 1 Flat tops to ones in date.
Sharp
196,
8.
89.
O As
9=
last.
90.
O
9>
sheathing
to
the centre of n in
As
last.
91.
mainmast points
in
SHEATHING
As
Halliday.
1811.
92. O Ship under sail with boat at stern, in a circle, patent Ten port-holes tO ship. SHEATHING NAIL MANUFACTORY BRISTOL token in a circle, payable at Bristol and 9> penny The tops of ones in date are fiat. London. 181 1 Halliday.
93.
O As
9=
last.
PENNY TOKEN
in
2,
circle.
PAYABLE
in
BY,
S.
GUPPY
BRISTOL
181
No period after
O As
9=
Bristol
Plate
Ones
C, no. 9.
date
slope.
94.
last.
95.
O Similar
9>
Similar to
s.
i.
1813.
96.
ship
sailing
to
right
fully
rigged,
MANUFACTORY. BRISTOL,
in
circle.
PAYABLE
GUPPY AT
Halliday.
Dowgate
Hill,
London.
SOMERSETSHIRE.
Bristol and South Wales.
With Portcullis.
113
of the city of Bristol within a garter, crest above There are seven stays at the right of the main-mast, the bowsprit touches the edge of the garter, fiat tops to ones in date, and the portcullis is formed of two horizontal and two perpendicular lines. motto ich fy Prince of Wales' plume encircled by a coronet dien on a ribbon, one penny token. Bristol & south wales. The 1 in ich lines to r in Bristol R.
97.
;
Arms
Sharp
196, 9.
98. O Similar, but there are six stays from the mainmast, and the tops of the ones in date slope the portcullis is formed of two horizontal and three perpendicular lines h under the right tower.
; ;
9>
Similar, but
in
in
Bristol
99.
in
9
BRISTOL
omitted.
between
and
100. O Similar, but withyzz^ stays from the mainmast the bowsprit does not touch the edge of the garter the portcullis is formed of one horizontal and three perpendicular lines.
;
;
9.
As
last.
101.
left.
O
9=
sails at
the
b
in
Bristol
The
102. Similar, but with seven stays from the main-mast tower.
h under
the Halliday.
Without Portcullis.
103. O Similar, but with six stays at the right of main-mast, and stays above the top sails at the left there is no portcullis the tag of the garter is above the date instead of between the 8 and the 1 No
; ;
h under
9>
104. O Similar, but with only three stays from the main-mast, and there are no stays from the sails to flags at the left tag of garter is Halliday. between the 8 and 1 of date. R.
;
9 As
no. 101.
114
105.
laurel.
O
$>
A
R.
a circle surrounded
by an oak
Halliday.
wreath.
&
HALFPENNY.
106.
O Arms and
is
3 c$
crest; virtute et industria 181 i The hand under the 1 in industria & COPPER &- HALFPENNY. PAYABLE AT BRISTOL
107.
0-
9>
hand holding the scales is under the n but the downstroke of c$ at the right projects
Plate
C, no. 11.
108.
scales
is
between the
and n
downstroke of
R
109.
curve of the
O As
B>
c$ at
the right
is
outlined.
Halliday.
Ship to Left.
181
i.
110.
ship sailing to
left,
under
topsails,
patent sheathing
The pennant
in a circle. PAYABLE AT BRISTOL AND Scarcely any tops to ones in date the p of penny lines just below the e in payable
London
81
Sharp 210,
2.
111.
O
9>
SOMERSETSHIRE.
112. Similar, but the pennant only reaches the t lifts to sprit-sail, and the ship shows its stern.
1
115
There are
two
13.
O
a
circle to
The
& Similar, but the p of penny lines with the end of e and the tops of ones in date slope.
114 O As
9>
last.
penny
lines
115.
Only one
to sprit-sail.
;
9> Similar, but with scarcely any top to ones of date the top of penny lines with the centre of l Halliday.
Ship to Right.
116.
of
O Similar, but the pennant only reaches to The ship sailing to the right shows its stern.
;
payable at Bristol and #> half penny token in a circle, London 1811 Ones in date flat the top of penny lines just below
the l in payable
Ship to Left with boat at stern.
Halliday.
117. O A ship under sail to left, with a boat at stern patent SHEATHING NAIL MANUFACTORY BRISTOL. PAYABLE AT BRISTOL AND 9> HALF PENNY TOKEN in a circle. LONDON l8ll
;
A ship under sail with a boat at stern, as last. HALF PENNY TOKEN in a circle. PAYABLE BY S. GUPPY. Bristol & London. 1812. Halliday.
118.
,
FARTHING.
Ship to Right.
119.
seen,
O
a
9>
in
patent sheathing nail manufactory Bristol far-thing token in a circle, payable at Bristol & London
circle,
i8ii.
Plate
120. Also in Silver.
R.r.r.
C, no. 12.
Halliday.
Mr. Weare, of Weston-super-Mare, has in his collection a Notice which was posted on the hoardings at Bristol during the time when the tokens were in full circulation, and which by his kindness is here copied
:
116
FLOURISH COPPER
"
TOKENS!!!
Reports having been industriously
that the currency of stopped, which has a tendency greatly to injure the Retail Traders
circulated
in
this
city,
On
With respect to their not being made payable, he begs leave to observe, they are far preferable to some white ones for payment, you have a bit of paper of their own coming tendered you, intrinsically, is not worth half a which, and should you not like that, farthing, you must pocket your Tokens, and be off. So much for being made payable but give me the Copper Tokens, which are ?iot made payable, but arevaluable, and will pass everywhere.
;
'
A Tradesman."
TAUNTON.
PENNY.
121.
O
9>
workman
at a forge
W
O
VEL
S C
OMBE
PIECE.
THREEPENNY
122. female seated on a beehive with spear and olive branch Ex, 1814 The whole a sheep behind her; a ship in the distance within a circle three penny token +-wiveliscombe +
;
;
9=
FOR 8o TOKENS
190,
1.
stone
123.
R.
Sharp
9=
FOR 8o TOKENS
190,
2.
BY
R.
NORTH
& C-
R.
Sharp
Halliday.
SOMERSETSHIRE.
117
TWOPENNY
;
PIECE.
;
124. O A female seated on a beehive with spear and olive branch an ox by her side in a circle, two penny token, wiveliscombe. > A POUND NOTE GIVEN. FOR 120 TOKENS BY W. TEMLETT &. J. clarke. R. Halliday.
Plate
I,
no. 10.
PENNY.
125.
O
V
one penny token, wiveliscombe. A POUND NOTE GIVEN. FOR 240 TOKENS BY W. TEMLETT.
Similar, but
&. J.
clarke.
This
is
R.
Sharp
197,
12.
is
Halliday.
made
to
one of the exceptions where the legend describing the centre arrangement first.
118
STAFFORDSHIRE.
BILSTON.
SHILLING.
SILVER.
1. O The arms of Stafford; a castle between four lions, passant guardant, and one on the ground bilston silver token one shil ling circular line above the castle. & PAYABLE BY RUSHBURY AND WOOLLEY l8ll in a circle. ONE POUND NOTE FOR 20 TOKENS R.T. Plate C, no. 14.
;
Similar, but without the circular line above the castle. Similar to last, but commercial change 1811 inscribed on a garter added to the legend. Halliday.
2. 9>
Boyne
18.
SIXPENCE.
3.
O As
>
last,
last,
As
except in size six pence but one pound note for 40 tokens
;
Halliday.
Edward Woolley
Boyne
Rushbury and Woolley were
military
8.
ornament manufacturers.
18, 1818.
FAZELEY.
HALF CROWN.
on a bend azure, three between two fleur-delys, within palm branches fazeley silver token mdcccxii 9> half crown token between four sprigs of palm, payable by peels harding & com!!. + + R.r. Halliday.
4.
O Arms
of the
Harding Family
;
or,
Boyne
75.
were bankers and cotton spinners. The first Sir Robert Peel, Bart, was a partner in the business of the Tamworth Old Bank. Their London agents were Dorrien, Magens and Mello, who demanded the Mint authorities to strike from their bullion the
The
issuers
shilling of 1798.
vide Grueber,fip.
149,858.
SHILLING.
fazeley silver token i5. O Arms of the Harding family october 181 1 in a radiated border. R.r.r. 9> one shilling within a thick wreath of oak.
;
This
is
an
artist's
proof struck in brass, and the only specimen known with shilling
fully displayed,
STAFFORDSHIRE.
Eleven Acorns.
6.
119
Similar to
last,
R
O
Similar, but
at the left, not counting the one over the fourth centre leaf at the left.
7.
Similar, but
payable by
left
The
is
right.
Boy-ne 76.
Ten Acorns.
8.
is
under the
bozv
of B in PAYABLE R Similar, but with ten acorns at the R.r. 9. Also in copper.
10.
O Arms
5
!
token 181
Legend, pay
Halliday.
R As
last.
Plate
C, no.
15.
SIXPENCE.
11. Arms of the Harding family fazeley silver token 181 PAYABLE BY PEEL? HARDING & C R 6 pence within a wreath the centre limb of the last e in pence is clear of the top and bottom limbs of that letter. The h and
0; ;
figure 5 omitted.
Boyne
12.
78.
and bottom
Halliday.
STAFFORD.
SHILLING.
building (The Shire Hall); Stafford token for twelve Tiles are seen on the roof; the eaves of the building at the right lines with the foot of l Staffordshire knot below.
13.
0-
pence 181
R The arms
The
of Stafford
cK&
under.
lion.
14.
paw nearly
Halliday.
120
COUNTY.
PENNY.
COPPER.
15.
token
III)
Staffordshire penny
FORDSHIRE.
9= Female figure seated, holding palm and olive branches, a shield at her side commerce i8i i The centre blade of palm points to the last e in commerce The shield is not tinted. R. Halliday.
;
Sharp 16.
197,
3.
G Similar
to last,
second r in Staffordshire
^
17.
to the letter c
18. O Similar to last, but with p on the bust; and the nose in line with the first limb of the r > Female figure seated, holding palm and olive branches, a shield at her side ship in the distance there commerce 181 i is a p between the figure and the shield, which is tinted. R.
;
1814.
Similar to last, but centre leaf of laurel points between the r and d whereas before it pointed to the last limb of r The p omitted from the bust. 9= Similar, but dated 18 14 No ship, and the p does not appear.
19. Sharp
197, 4.
No
20.
Dat-e.
O
9=
Female
;
seated, holding
in the distance
commerce
R.
Sharp
;
a ship Patrick.
;
Staffordshire 21. G Bust unlaureated to right (George III) penny token Under the bust 181 1 the first numeral is over the centre of the y in penny an acorn > to facilitate trade within a wreath of oak above t in to on the inside of wreath.
;
Sharp
197,
1.
22.
23.
O
O
of the y
first numeral in date is over the last limb flaw at the left of st in Staffordshire
$ As
no. 21.
Turnpenny.
S TAFFORDSHIRE.
121
Mule
24.
1812.
O
ib
Similar to no. 19, bust laureated. View of mining engine and machinery
payable at scorrier
Mule, no date.
25.
R.r.
fire in
This building represents the old Royal Exchange, London, which was destroyed by
1838.
Bazaar
Articles.
26.
O Laureate bust
fy
under.
Staffordshire
Sharp
HALFPENNY.
bust to right Staffordshire half-penny token 9> Female figure seated holding palm and olive branches, a shield at her side, commerce 18 14 R. Halliday. Plate C, no. 16.
27.
;
O Laureate
BILSTON.
From a
Silver
Medal
twopenny
O View
piece.
28. of iron furnaces and engine house priest field furnaces 181 1 t.h on the ground at the right a small emission of smoke from the chimney. 0 TWO PENCE PAYABLE AT BILSTON S. FEREDAY BRADLEY
;
WORKS
122
29.
is
chimney
is
omitted.
Sharp
Sir
p. 45, 'records that Samuel Fereday was the greatest ironmaster in the world that he, Thomason, manufactured over two million copper tokens for him that he employed nearly 5,000 persons, and every Friday, during the period of striking, Fereday sent a carriage to Thomason's works for the tokens with which to pay his numerous workpeople. Fereday resided at Ettingshall Park, and was the principal in the firm of Fereday cV Co., Bankers, Bilston.
Edward Thomason,
;
in his
;
Memoirs,
30. O Bust, unlaureated, to right, robed (George III) one pound note for 120 tokens 1811 The shoulder lines between o and n in one View of the Exchange payable by rushbury & woolley
;
bilston
Sharp
191,
1.
31. Similar, but larger bust, the shoulder lines with the o in
one
Halliday.
PENNY.
Bee hive and bees within a square one pound note for 32. 181 3 240 tokens payable by james 9> Three cannon balls within a circle Halliday. atherton. bilston.
0;
Sharp
198, 18.
iron founder,
Government.
John of Gaunt,
33. O Crowned bust to left of John of Gaunt; one pound note The point of crown lines to the first limb of for 240 tokens 181 1 n in note and the figures 240 are the same size as the letters in the
legend.
9:
horseman
No period after
34.
in
at speed by or beebee
Plate
O Similar, but point of the crown lines to the last limb note and the 4 is larger than the other figures. R.r.
9>
of
As
last.
1812.
35.
O
9=
and beebee.
198, 15.
36.
0*
&
R.r.
Tiimpenny.
Edward Beebee
Articles.
mason
in
High
Street, Bilston.
Bazaar
STAFFORDSHIRE.
Iron Works.
123
37. O View of iron furnaces and engine house, priest field furnaces 1 8 1 1 The engine chimney emits only a small quantity of smoke. Between sprigs of palm, 9> one penny payable at bilston the monogram 6^3? Legend, bradley bilston & priestfield. COLLIERIES & IRON WORKS.
Sharp
198, 20.
38.
O Same
as
last.
^ ONE PENNY
line beneath,
works.
39.
PAYABLE AT BILSTON S. FEREDAY with a double bradley bilston & priestfield collieries & iron The t of at is over the centre of n in bilston
Sharp
198, 19.
O Similar
9>
chimney is emitting more smoke. Similar, but the t of at is over the last limb of n
to last, but the
Sharp
198, 22.
in
BILSTON
40.
O As
9=
last.
is
under the y of
41. O Similar to last, the first one of date is between the two limbs of r fy Similar, but the t of at is over the centre of N and the 1 of bilston is under the space between a and y of payable
O Similar to last, but the chimney emitting still more smoke, the ground at the left the first one of date is under the upright limb of r 9> As last. Halliday. R.
42.
h on
one penny payable by in a circle legend a pound note for 240 tokens The p of penny lines to the centre of u in pound and the n in one is tinder the e in note 9= samuel fereday bilston 1812. the first one in date is under the 1 and l of bilston
43.
0;
Sharp
198, 17.
44.
letter.
O
9>
under the
in
is
one
date
is
45.
in
O
is
one
lines to the
end of o
The n
is
124
46.
last.
is
bilston
Similar, but the top of p lines to the first limb of u #> Similar, but the s in bilston is under the e in instead of at the left of that letter.
47.
fereday
O Similar, but the n in one is under the t in note and there a crosslet to the figure 4 > Similar, but the first one of date is under the first limb of l and the period is under the centre of o in bilston Halliday.
48.
is
O
fy
Similar, but p in
in
and the n
50.
one
is
omitted.
O
9>
Similar, but the p lines to the centre of u in pound Similar, but the a in fereday is tinder the l in
it
whereas previously
S.
19, 1821.
Bust of George
0-
III.
Bust to right, robed, unlaureated (George III) one pound 51. for The nose of the effigy lines to the o in 240 tokens 181 1 note
;
TOKENS
9= View of a building; payable by rushbury & woolley bilston The attennce or horns of the grasshopper touch the first limb of the b in rushbury and, bilston is in a straight line.
Sharp
198,
13.
52. Similar, but the point of bust is midway between the s date, whereas in the former it is much nearer the last numeral.
and
53.
54.
tokens
Similar, but the horns of the grasshopper touch the last limb
in
of
h
55.
rushbury
but the horns of the grasshopper touch the h and b Halliday.
Date on Obverse and Reverse.
Similar,
of rushbury
O Bust to right one pound note for 240 tokens 181 i ^ View of a building the date 181 1 under, bilston is curved line, payable by & rushbury woolley
56.
;
in a
but the point of bust near the s instead of midway between that letter and the last numeral in date. R. Halliday.
STAFFORDSHIRE.
No Date under Bust.
58. O Bust to right under the bust.
>
;
125
No
date
As
last.
Halliday.
No
one 59. O Laureate bust to the right, draped and armoured penny token 181 $ View of a building payable at bilston Under the buildThe top of the building at the right lines to ing, royal exchange The summit of the weather vane is the second limb of a in payable
;
;
R.
Sharp
198, 12.
Turnpenny.
60.
O Bust draped,
181
The
$>
R.
date touches the bust. Similar, but the grasshopper is on the summit of the vane. Halliday.
last
numeral
Sharp
197,
7.
Similar to
last,
but the bust is robed with ermine, the letters clear of the bust. The nose of the effigy
9> Similar, but the top of building lines to the foot of the y The e in exchange terminates with the base line of the building.
62.
O
9>
ing
of the buildthe top of building at the left lines between a and y in payable
Similar, but
63.
O
9=
64 O Similar, but the nose of the effigy points to the n and the spots on the robe are small. fy Similar, but the top of building lines between the a and, exchange does not reach to the end of the base line of the building.
65.
O
9>
Similar, but the nose of the effigy points to the e Similar, but the top of building lines to the last limb of
The grasshopper
beyond the base
exchange
extends
126
66.
pellets
large.
R
limb of a
the first
R.
Halliday,
67. O Bust as before, the legend in smaller letters the nose of the effigy points to the e The last i in date is under the centre of the robe. fy Similar, but the top of building at the left lines to the foot of the y and there is a period after bilston. exchange terminates with the base line.
;
68.
O
is
8 in
date
bust.
nearer the
9>
The grasshopper
is
Similar, but the top of building lines between the in this is much smaller than in any others.
a and y
69. O Similar, but the nose points to the n under the centre of the robe.
9>
The second
in date
70.
O
>
and third
under
Similar, but the top of the building lines to the first limb to the end of the base line.
71.
O
is
of date
Similar, but the nose points to the e under the centre of the robe.
figure
Similar, but the top of the building at the left lines between
line.
Halliday.
HALFPENNY.
72. O one half penny payable by in a FOR 480 TOKENS. B> SAMUEL FEREDAY BILSTON l8l2.
circle,
Sharp
73.
210,
2.
R.
Halliday.
STAFFORDSHIRE.
127
BURSLEM.
PENNY.
74.
in
circle.
'*
BY
I
& R RILEY
one pound note for 240 tokens 1813 AND MACHIN & C BURSLEM
Sharp
198,
3.
circle,
payable
P. WyOfl.
&
Co. colour
and buckle,
is
Vide
1903, p. 630.
BURTON.
PENNY.
75.
Mill)
payable by james
thin wreath of
198, 24.
oak and
laurel,
Sharp
The
76.
issuer
O As
R.
Turnpenny.
for
a similar reverse.
Mules.
77.
O As
9.
last.
Druid's bust to
left
to paper. R.r.
78.
0-
View
of the Royal
Exchange
BURTON
9>
As
last.
79.
O As
>
last.
one penny token within a thin wreath of oak and laurel. R. Turnpenny and Halliday. h on the leaf opposite n in token
80.
O As
p.
last.
Prince of Wales' crest, encircled by a coronet, and motto ich dien on a ribbon, to facilitate trade Under the plume * R. 1 8 Turnpenny and Halliday. 1 3
.
128
CHEADLE.
PENNY.
O token 1812 in a circle, cheadle copper & brass company The t of token lines with the c in copper payable in London cheadle and #> one penny in a circle, neath The y of penny lines with the last limb of a in and
81.
.
82.
83.
penny
in
and
O
9>
token
y of penny
Sharp
lines
and
199, 26.
built at
P. Wyon.
This famous Company was founded by Patten in 17 17. The smelting works were Bank Quay, near Warrington, and the Brass Mills erected soon afterwards at Cheadle. The River Churnet supplied the power for the wire mills. The works were subsequently removed to Neath Abbey, South Wales.
DARLASTON.
PENNY.
84. O ONE PENNY PAYABLE BY ill a circle. A ONE POUND NOTE for 240 tokens, The y of penny lines to the figure 2 in 240 9> job wilkes darlaston 1 8 1 2 The ones in date are curved. R.
85. Similar, but the y in
penny
Sharp
R.
R. Unknown.
Sharp 199, 28. These are almost invariably struck over some other token. Job Wilkes was a gun lock maker in Bilston Street, Darlaston. him when the token was struck is now the " Bradford Arms."
LICHFIELD.
TWOPENCE.
john 87. O View of a factory and river with trees at the sides HENRICKSON LEMMONSLY MILL NEAR LITCHFIELD (sic) # Ex. TWOPENNY token On the ground at the right, h & Arms of the city of Lichfield between oak branches crossed beneath a lion's head landscape, trees and view of cathedral and bodies and limbs of three men on the ground, all proper, with castle crowns and swords dispersed over the field, one pound note for R. Halliday. 120 tokens
;
;
Plate D,
The
issuer resided in
no.
1.
Dam
STAFFORDSHIRE.
PENNY.
88.
129
O
9>
Similar, but
one-penny token
240 tokens
Sharp
199, 29.
The h on
the ground
is
omitted.
R.
Similar, but
Halliday.
NEWCASTLE-UNDER-LYME.
89. O A bale of cotton inscribed with the initial t within an oval payable at the cotton works Newcastle. wreath of laurel Legend, one pound note for 240 tokens for public accommodation 9. one penny token in a circle,
;
Sheriff.
Sharp
" Issued 199, 30.
Bazaar
Articles.
PERRY BARR.
wheatsheaf; payable by w^ booth perry barr The wheatsheaf is under the y of by and the ground lines with the p of
90.
PAYABLE
I> penny token in a circle. Staffordshire -M 81 1 * The ones in date are formed by fine strokes, and there is 3. flaw over the
in
token
R.r.
Plate D,
no.
2.
Patrick.
" William Booth, ' near to the House of Queslet,' it is said, struck the Perry Barr token as a cover for his forgeries, for which he was found guilty and executed at Stafford on
August
" It
15,
8 12.
was found
know that when Booth was arrested a specimen of this token farmhouse at Perry Barr, and handed to the late Mr. Hamper, a magistrate Token Coinage of Warwickshire, 802. of Warwickshire."
may be
of interest to
in the
"On
suffer the
91.
#>
is
perry
the flaw
formed of token
and Unknown.
may
easily
it
is
130
POTTERIES.
PENNY.
92.
kiln, at
the right a
in
pottery
staf
Plate D,
no.
RUGELEY.
TWOPENCE.
93. O A wheel with machinery double blowing engines for foundries made by e- barker rugely Below, two penny token ^ A hydraulic blowing machine street's single patent blowing engines for smiths 1815 R.r. Halliday.
; ;
Plate D,
no.
4.
PENNY.
94.
in
circle.
24O TOKENS*
STAFFORD.
Short Gateway.
of the town, a castle and four lions statant 95. Stafford above; 1801 below; the embattlement of the gardant The apex centre tower at the left is under the a and f of Stafford of the arch to the doorway reaches to the eighth course of the masonry.
;
O The arms
>
The monogram
e/fe
above,
tie
penny
at the right is
P. Wyon.
E, PAYABLE BY
R.
last, but the embattlement of the central tower under the_/f?^ limb of f and the apex of the arch is built to the ninih line of masonry. 9> Similar to last, but the knot is outlined and the end of the tie at the right intersects the bow of the knot, from which a flaw ex-
96.
Similar to
is
at the left
As
last.
P. Wyon.
Plate D,
no.
5.
STAFFORDSHIRE.
97.
131
O
>
end of the
in
tie at
the right
is
over the
bow
no flaw
the die.
P. Wyon.
Sharp
200, 37.
The Stafford-knot was a charge on the banner of Sir Henry de Stafford. Horton & Co. were boot manufacturers, one of the principals occupied a high public position in the town.
O one penny
$>
in
1
token 181
in
ornament below.
R.r.
WALSALL.
The Bear and Ragged
99.
Staff.
staff
Fletcher walsall token one penny 1811 in a wreath of oak the centre acorn has a long stem, and an acorn toziches the w in walsall
bear's ears are
The
under the e
in
Sharp 200,
38.
above the
in
walsall
103. Similar, but the centre acorn has no stem, and an acorn nearly touches the l in walsall whereas in the last it is distant from it.
104. O Similar, but the bear's ears are under the last limb of the centre of e
9>
h and
105. Similar, but the ears point to the first limbs of h and e centre acorn has no stem at the junction of the wreath. R.
The
Turnpenny.
Walsall
Church.
;
t f under,
in a
payable
1 1
132
The hood
~& walsall token one penny 1811 in a wreath of oak; there are three acorns, with long stems on the inside of the wreath at the left the first acorn is tinder the p of penny
;
Sharp 200,
42.
108. O Similar, but the head of the Druid is shorter, the hood points to the l in payable and the first fold of the hood commences
under the y
P>
in
by
first
acorn
is
at the left of p in
penny P. Wyon.
109.
is
The
first
fold
a border to the hood, which points to commences under the space between
from
the
i
an acorn on a short stem at the right, walsall and the first acorn at the left turns
110. O Similar, but the head has a Roman nose, and the first fold of the hood is under the j 9= Similar, but the first acorn at the left inclines to the i
in date.
111.
to the l
0-
hood points
and the
fold
in
by
$ As
last.
112. O Similar, but the first fold of the hood commences under the b in by > Similar, but the centre acorn omitted, and the two inside R. acorns at the right have long stems.
113. O Similar, but the head points to the e and the commences under the space between y and j
Vo
first fold
As
last.
Unknown.
Double Obverse.
the
first
fold of the
fold of the
hood
first
hood
commences under by
Mr. Norman's cabinet.
decline of the latter pieces, both in intimate that they were forgeries of the time. Joseph Parker was a locksmith.
The
workmanship and
specific gravity,
seems
to
STAFFORDSHIRE.
133
HALFPENNY.
115.
staff;
WEDNESBURY.
PENNY.
116.
O Bust
to right
robed (George
;
R View
of a building
Halliday.
HALFPENNY.
117. Similar to last, but
Halliday.
in a circle,
west bromwich
& coseley
Halliday.
Sharp 200,
44.
nail manufacturer.
Sharp 201,
45.
120.
token
121.
122.
in
token
and the n
in
TIPTON
R As
Whitehouse Aldermanbury.
Halliday.
London House was
at the Axe,
&
134
WITHYMOOR.
PENNY.
128.
Interior of a forge
works
forge.
one
The
under the
Plate D,
124.
no.
9.
O Similar
to last, but
dated 18 14
is
There
is
brickwork at the
Sherriff.
under the 4
47.
Sharp 201,
WOLVERHAMPTON.
There were no issuers of Nineteenth Century extensively circulated there. Fereday's and Rushbury
Tokens
&
"At a meeting of the inhabitants of Wolverhampton, on Thursday last, they resolved That the great influx of silver and copper tokens, issued by individuals, companies and corporations, is becoming a serious public grievance,' and they agree with each other to
'
r
CVA--\
yf-
*$&?7.>/ei
LIC
From an
Original Pen
Norman.
135
SUFFOLK.
IPSWICH.
SHILLING.
SILVER.
1.
O The
inscribed
ft
Prince of Wales's plume and motto ich dien (George the King) and implements of war
;
A
;
drum, d on
the ground.
Legend, 9> 1 8 1 1 ipswich shilling silver token h.m in a circle. A ONE POUND NOTE WILL BE PAID FOR 20 OF THESE BY W ADAMS. The R.r. s of shilling lines with the e of note
Boyne
2.
104.
the
s lines
adams +
3.
O As
last.
&
<
4. O The arms of Ipswich, a lion rampant gardant, three demihulks in a garter inscribed, dollar silver Crest a demi-lion IPSWICH TOKEN FOR XII PENCE > payable by w- adams 1 8 1 2 in a wreath of oak h m under.
Boyne
5.
105.
Also
in
Copper.
as
R.r.
See Hampshire, no.
34.
Halliday.
6.
O The same
9>
last.
in
circle,
accommoda
Halliday.
NEEDHAM MARKET.
SHILLING.
7. O silver token stamp office needham 1811 h m in a circle. Legend, a one pound note will be paid for 20 of these by j.
in
a wreath of oak.
issued by Halliday.
Boyne
This reverse
is
157.
136
WOODBRIDGE.
EIGHTEENPENCE.
8.
O Figure
I
of Justice standing
TRADE
token value is. 6d. h m 9> silver PAYABLE AT STUDD & MATHEWS'S WOODBRIDGE
Plate
9.
L, no. 20.
a wreath of oak.
Also
in copper,
R.r.
Boyne
226.
Halliday.
The
and drapers.
SHILLING.
10.
circle.
$0 woodbridge silver token 1 8 1 THE ACCOMMODATION OF TRADE R.
SIZERS
WOODBRIDGE
in a
in a circle.
Legend, for
WyOfl.
Boyne
William
Sizer,
225.
officer.
who
BENHALL.
COPPER.
HALFPENNY.
11.
0-
B>
R.
Halliday.
" Mr. Wade had a fine estate at Benhall Wade was also a shipowner at Aldeburgh,
he was a large farmer and osier grower. Mr. where he was buried 4. April, 1839. The date
on the token
the year of his birth. issued for a halfpenny, for paying the wages of his Work people, about the year 181 1, as it is very similar to the pieces struck at that time."
is
Goldi'iig's
the issuer, " was awarded a prize for planting fifteen acres with upwards of 12,000 sets of osiers per acre, which it was certified on reputable authority are now in a thriving state and fit for basket making." Monthly Magazine, April 1, 1807.
Wade,
GLEMHAM.
12.
$>
R.
Halliday.
Plate
J,
no. 19.
The date on this hitherto unpublished piece confirms Mr. Golding's assumption as to the date of the issue of the younger brother John's token.
SUFFOLK.
137
HOXNE.
TWOPENCE.
13.
A
I
of his horse, in a
circle.
Law and
GEO YEOMAN or bearer SUM of TWO-PENCE ON the PERFECT ESTABLISHMENT of PEACE & UNANIMITY for KING LORDS, and COMMONS. John Bull Outer legend, old England. 2. march 1798. ent? ja? loyal. R.r.r. Wyon.
PROMISE
to
PAY
to
THE HON
BLE
Atkins 360,
1.
This piece was engraved by the same artist as the Penny and Halfpenny of Hoxne, the motto of which is PRO ARIS ET FOCIS (for our altars and our homes), indicating a different school of thought prevalent in the stormy days of the French revolutionary period. The tokens were all made at Peter Kempson's workshop, Birmingham.
LOWESTOFT.
PENNY.
14. O Female seated on a rock, resting her arm on an anchor, a ship in the distance success to the lowestoft fisheries i 8 i i
;
9>
sibi
i
15.
O The same
as
last.
added
10.
138
SURREY.
GODALMING.
SHILLING.
SILVER.
1.
O In the centre xn
9?
no. 21.
SIXPENCE.
2.
Similar to
The
last,
except in size and value, vi R.r.r. Unknown. Moline & Co., bankers.
RIPLEY.
SIXPENCE.
3.
O In
fy
script characters
./^i/
.
6
This
No
is
inner circle.
Unknown.
in tin.
In Mr. Bowies' cabinet.
WEYBRIDGE.
SHILLING.
4.
0-
barrel in a circle
bunn
9>
On
licensed
Plate D,
PENNY.
COPPER.
weybridge mills. of mills and water wheel ONE PENNY PAYABLE AT WEYBRIDGE I BUNN & C~ l8l 2 Legend, P. Wyon. HOOP & IRON WAREHOUSE. DOWGATE WHARF.
5.
0;
View
9-
Plate D, no.
The
issuers
12.
were Bunn
&
Street.
LONDON ROAD.
FARTHING.
6.
O Laureated head
9>
to right
(George IV)
king.
London road
Halliday.
1821
Two
pipes in saltire
tobacconist
Waters
49.
10,
1821
SURREY.
139
RICHMOND,
FARTHING.
Richmond surrey Ornaments under 7. O innocent virtuoso Richmond and above surrey # TOBACCONIST & PURVEYOR * OF foreign snuffs i 82 Unknown.
Waters
53.
in curios.
WALWORTH.
FARTHING.
BLACK PRINCE ROW 8. O JAMES BEAN 1814 TOBACCONIST NO I WALWORTH ROAD SURRY (sic) R. . GENUINE TOBACCO & SNUFF WHOLESALE & RETAIL Unknown.
Waters
47.
Black Prince Row was on the left side at the commencement of the Walworth Road, opposite the famous Elephant and Castle. There is still a Black Prince Court in the immediate neighbourhood.
140
SUSSEX.
BRIGHTON.
SHILLING.
SILVER.
1. O SILVER TOKEN J- B PHILLIPSON CHEMIST BRIGHTON With VariOUS ornaments, within a wreath of olive. 9> ONE SHILLING PAYABLE BY R- PHILLIPSON DRUGGIST CHICHESTER with various ornaments, within a wreath of olive. R. Halliday.
J.
at Brighton,
and
at Chichester.
CHICHESTER.
CROWN.
hands clenched, union token five shillings mdcccxi The final s of shillings is the same size as the other letters. y $> PAYABLE AT H COMPER's OR B- CHARGES CHICHESTER Within a wreath of oak, a Staffordshire knot between the fifth and sixth lines; the R of chichester is between e and s of charges R.r.
2.
3.
Two
O Similar
is smaller. Similar, but the r is under the s of charges R.r. Halliday. Henry Comper was a draper, and Benjamin Charge a harness maker.
HALF CROWN.
4.
O Similar
$>
Similar to
The
As
last.
is
of
Similar, but the top of the small y R.r. Plate L, no. 22.
level
with the
ONE
6.
SHILLING.
one shilling
Plate D,
no. 13.
;
No
R.
7.
Halliday.
xii
O A view of the Market Cross chichester accommodation pence The base line of the building commences at the x of xn > PAYABLE AT B & J. CAFFIN's J. REDMAN'S W. HALSTEAD's AND C shipham's 181
Plate
J,
no. 20.
SUSSEX.
8.
commences near
CHICHESTER
R.
Unknown.
9. O Arms, a triple towered castle, over the entrance a shield chichester guttu-de-poix in chief, indented a lion passant gardant I 8 1 I SILVER TOKEN Legend, commer > payable by t- dally & c i^ in a circle. P. Wyon. cial * change * inscribed on a band, vert. Plate E, no. i.
;
10.
O The same
9>
as
last.
xii
pence
in the centre.
R.
Wyon
Boyne
Co. were drapers in East Street, who, in 1794, issued a halfpenny token obverse, bust, of Queen Elizabeth reverse, the Chichester cross. On the edge is PAYABLE AT dallys CHICHESTER x It was the work of Thomas Wyon, and 5 cwt. were struck. Vide Atkins 197, 14.
:
SIXPENCE.
11.
Hands
in grip, etc.
;
6,
in size
12.
and value
six
pence
R.
Boyne
53.
excepting Halliday.
castle, etc.
9,
and value 6?
ROWFANT.
shilling.
13. O A farmer with horses ploughing; henry hunt rowfant house Sussex On the ground at the right y & d 9> one shilling 181 1 in a circle. Legend, token in exchange for labour R.r. Halliday.
Plate
Henry Hunt was a farmer
in the
L, no. 23.
SHOREHAM.
SHILLING.
14. O View of a church with tower and weather vane shore HAM TOKEN XII PENCE clayton and hide's in a circle. 9> payable at Legend, ACCOMMODATION CHANGE l8ll R.r.
;
Plate
15.
L, no. 24.
Similar view, but with an inner circle added; legend, as before, but reads pense (sic). R.r. Plate L, no. 25.
This reverse also occurs on an Ipswich token.
'etc.,
grocers at Shoreham.
142
STEYNING.
SHILLING.
16. O SILVER SHILLING TOKEN PAYABLE AT S GATEIS OR I CHEESMANS steyning Sussex in a circle. Legend, issued by royal licence for THE CONVENIENCE OF TRADE I 8 I I 9> A beehive and bees, within a hop and barley wreath, h- m under the hive. R.
Boyne
17.
211.
Similar,
name
gate's
(sic)
instead of
gateis
R.r.
jointly.
Halliday.
These
Samuel Gateis kept the Three Tuns Inn, and John Cheesman was a draper.
tradesmen issued the token
; C
'St
^
ti
* .1
d
X
>^
4**
1
?s
*
,
^# ^
*
,?
^
^
143
WARWICKSHIRE.
BEDWORTH.
SHILLING.
SILVER.
out of crescent two dragons' heads addorsed for 1. O A crest THE CONVENIENCE OF CHANGE- ISSUED OCT? 25- l8 1 I WyOU. > ONE SHILLING TOKEN PAYABLE AT BEDWORTH-MILL *
;
;
Plate K,
Bedworth Mill
is
no. 12.
one of the oldest in the county, and is now used as a silk mill, It is at present in the occupation of Mr. A. E. Jagger. Henry Poynty Lane, the issuer of the token, carried on business as a wool comber, or " garsy comber." The motive power was obtained from the finest water wheel of its day, which stands in its original position, although in a somewhat dilapidated state. The crest of Henry Poynty Lane was two eagles' heads addorsed, issuant from a crescent.
BIRMINGHAM.
TWO SHILLINGS AND The
SIXPENCE.
Overseers.
2. O West view of a building; Birmingham token Ex. 2s 6d mdcccxi There is a side wicket in addition to the central entrance. quarterly first, and fourth azure, 9= The arms of Birmingham a bend of nine lozenges or, second and third per pale indented, gules. ONE POUND NOTE FOR EIGHT TOKENS PAYABLE AT THE WORKHOUSE R.r.r. Wyon.
;
Plate D,
It is
no. 14.
said that a variety of this piece exists where the value 2s. 6d. is above the building, divided by the tower. At this period Birmingham was much inconvenienced for the want of silver coin, as will be seen from the efforts of the overseers. "A Deputation of the Overseers of Birmingham waited upon the Chancellor of the Exchequer (Spencer Perceval) a few days since, and having represented the extreme distress of the town for the want of small change, obtained three thousand pounds in dollars, which arrived, and a further sum of ,6000, in 3s. and 1/6 pieces is expected." Star Newspaper, July nth, 181 1.
Wright's.
Chinaman, in his hand a palm branch, standing between a and a chest labelled fine tea All surrounded by a band inscribed two shillings and sixpence Legend, payable by EDWARD WRIGHT BIRMINGHAM
3.
canister, vase,
&
R.r.r.
Boyne
23.
144
4.
O As last. As last, but the p in pound is between the limbs of the r in Warwick whereas in the former it is under the last limb of that
letter.
R.r.r.
Halliday.
Plate
L, no. 26.
The arms are those of the de Birminghams, who were lords of the manor. Edward Wright carried on business as a mercer and a grocer at 33, Bull
corner of the Minories.
Street, the
The
Overseers,
1811.
shilling,
5. O West view Under the building
of a building. Birmingham token one shilling 181 1 The eaves of the building at the left lines in Birmingham and the 1 in date is over the s in
Vo The arms of Birmingham, one pound note for 20 tokens payable at the workhouse The centre bar of shield at the right lines to the space between s and e in workhouse
Boyne
6.
21.
9> 7.
O As As O As
last.
last,
last,
workhouse
first
numeral
$t
in date is
last, last.
As
but the eaves opposite to 1 in Birmingham and the over the s and h in shilling but the bar in centre of shield lines above the e
8.
O As
&>
9.
O
is
$>
bow
of b
The
first
numeral
of date
is
10.
O As
9>
11.
O
9>
and the
upright rabbets in
12.
O As
&
13.
1
Wyon.
Birmingham The first numeral in date shilling The vane is without its summit.
of
Similar, but the eaves opposite to the space betwee?i b and is at the left of s in Similar, but the bar lines to the centre of e
R.
WARWICKSHIRE.
145
14 O Similar, but the eaves opposite the i The n in token nearly touches the wall, and the first mineral in date is over the s in shilling There are no upright i^abbets to the windows. Unknown. fy Similar, but without the horizontal centre bar.
The two
especially so.
last
are in
copper,
and
forgeries
of the
time.
Both are
rare,
the last
1812.
Similar to the preceding, but without the wicket at the left, 1 8 1 2 The pavement is longer than the wall. B> Similar to the preceding, but the centre bar of shield lines with the first limb of e
15.
and dated
16.
17.
pavement
is
$ As
SIXPENCE,
5
;
1811.
18. O Similar to last, but dated 181 as on the shillings of this date.
is
at the
left,
The
Similar to preceding, but one pound centre bar lines with the first limb of e
In Mr. Bowles' cabinet.
19.
O
fy
As
last.
Boyne
20.
O As
fy
last.
R.
Willets.
Plate
L, no. 27.
WlLLEY.
O Bust
willey
Plate
22. Also a proof in copper.
This
is
L, no.
n.
R.r.r.
Museum.
in the British
146
23.
last,
London or liver
Hancock.
pool
R.r.r.
This piece was current for three shillings and sixpence. Pye says only ioo were struck. Mr. A. N. Palmer, in an excellent little work on " John Wilkinson and the old Bersham Iron Works," illustrates a one guinea Brymbo Iron Works Note, issued in 1814, with the promissory of the Trustees of the late John Wilkinson. The halfpenny tokens of this celebrated ironmaster had a very extensive circulation in Wales, Staffordshire and Warwickshire. Many tons of them were made at Soho. The varieties of die are very numerous. John Wilkinson died at Hadley, Shropshire, on July 14th, 1808, aged 80 years.
SIXPENCE.
man, her
left
female seated, her right hand extending alms to an old supports a child kneeling a boy is at the side of the man.
;
&
In script characters 0$
(Birmingham
Dixon.
Boyne
21.
43.
TWO
25.
SHILLINGS.
partly obliterated
The same
as last, but
and sixpence
by a
puncheon.
These pieces are occasionally met with, altered by order to pass for two shillings.
and there can be no doubt but what they were
ONE
26.
SHILLING.
O
9>
industry has
4.
its
sure reward
Wyon.
Atkins 202,
These were the earliest tokens issued by the overseers of the poor of Birmingham, and although in copper were circulated and honoured at their face value. Boyne and other authors have been under the impression that the Two Shillings and Sixpence existed in Silver and Brass, but this is an error, as some were heavily Silver plated
and Copper
gilt.
for other Workhouse Tokens. overseers, in 1808, also issued paper money for Five Pounds, One Pound, Five Shillings and Two Shillings and Sixpence. The author has in his possession (formerly the property of R. L. Grew) an original Workhouse Note for Five Shillings in leather, signed T. Saddington and Jas. Welch. The notes differ from other paper money, as they are mostly issued on " Account of the Town" or "Parish" of Birmingham clearly indicating that the Overseers, at that time, provided, at least, a part of the currency.
The
COUNTY.
PENNY.
III) to right. Warwickshire 1813 Britannia seated on a rock to left, a spear in her left hand, the Union shield at her side, one penny in her right a laurel branch
27.
V
;
token
R.
Sharp 201,
1.
Halliday.
<.>;<>.
,,^
(A^sj>Avmmi)l)(\]iv^(vnU)ou^(\
__
KnC
From
/,;//
-//!>>,<
f .,;,, >//*
%""<
,.--'sl-L-l-l-i.
-/.
-1*
'""..,
^gte
,1^*1
^ ""^v
Vi
5^TO^
ItRt.
*ss
.(
s I
fi
1 1 S N 9 *J
Two
&U
SaO]LI,IXi;s A-SlxP.EXClE
on At-cpmn
I
ol'tjic
Town
/d'O
W W(
Mi
/j/r>r//j/>/ /fir 1?//'/'/.'
7'n 'o SjjillL \ r;s X-. J/J' /Vj: t ryr S/SSY'/I'/S / <"/ W? S/f'S/'/
>
.s
Sf //.
From Paper
WA K WICKSHIRE.
147
The Birmingham
28.
Overseers,
sixpence.
of a building, showing centre tower and weather vane. Legend, Birmingham six pence 1813 On the pavement w There is no side wicket. Legend, one pound note for ft The arms of Birmingham. {Size M. I $\ ). WORKHOUSE R.T.r. TOKENS PAYABLE AT THE 40 Plate D, no. 15. Willets. The specific gravity of this token varies slightly. The author has weighed, except one, all the known pieces the lightest was 5 ozs. 3 dwts., and the heaviest 5 ozs. 7 dwts. The
:
West view
diameter
;
is
Mionnet 13I
in all cases.
There are seven known specimens. Recently one was bequeathed to the Birmingham Museum until which it was believed that only six were struck. This is the only Nineteenth Century Sixpenny token in copper containing equivalent metal value. The Birmingham overseers, at a time when copper was comparatively cheap and silver dear, thought by this means a currency could be circulated on economical lines, but its excessive weight was an
insurmountable obstacle.
A
30.
copy of
last
without the
flan,
The same on
The same The same The same
a thin
the pavement. weight 4 ozs. 8^ dwts. (M. 13). but with a fine corded rim. weight 1 z. i|- dwts.
w on
31.
in gold. in silver.
weight
weight
oz. 5 J
dwts.
32.
5 ozs.
1
J^dwts.
33.
in silver
on a thin
flan.
weight
oz.
5^ dwts.
on a
Unknown.
Of these copies, there were six perfect specimens struck as 29 ; a similar number, thin flan as 30 ; one example in gold as 31 and one each as 32 and 33 in silver. dies have been destroyed.
;
The
THREEPENNY
34.
1
PIECE.
O West view of
the
Workhouse.
over the space between the two last letters in three and there is a w on the pavement, but no side wicket. 9> Arms as before, one pound note for 80 tokens payable at the workhouse The second o in workhouse is over the o in
1
8 13
The
in
date
is
TOKENS
Sharp
190,
1.
148
35.
Similar to
last,
but the
first
numeral of date
is
over the
first e in
THREE
Similar, but the second o in
workhouse
is
over the k in
Willets.
tokens
"The
It
R.r.
;
old workhouse was erected in 1733 enlarged 1766, and further extended in 1779stood in Lichfield Street, just below the Assize Courts, and was demolished in 1853."
PENNY.
1811.
36.
O West view
side wicket.
of the Workhouse showing central entrance and Birmingham above, 181 1 below. The arms of Birmingham. Legend one penny token R.r. Wyon.
is
This
is
O A larger view of the same building zvithout the side wicket, on the pavement. Birmingham one penny Under the building The summit of the weather vane is under the first limb of n 181 2 in BIRMINGHAM & The arms of Birmingham, one pound note payable at The second a in payable is the workhouse for 240 tokens. of work under the of pound and the 4 is at the left of the first
37.
HOUSE
Sharp 202,
4.
38.
Similar to
and u
39.
The 4
is
last, but the a is under the space between the o under the centre of the w in workhouse R.
O Similar
9=
to last, but
last,
is
under the
centre of the n in
Birmingham
but the centre of shield
Prior to this
in
Similar to
between r and k
40.
workhouse
it is
O As
> is
last.
shield
in
over the r
The
is
is under the o in pound The centre of 4 under the space between the w and o
workhouse
41.
R.
under the commencement of the first
Willets.
18.13.
in
workhouse
The summit of the vane is under Similar, but dated 18 13 42. the first limb of n and the w on the pavement is omitted. 9> Similar to last, but the h in the is over the o in for
Sharp 202,
6.
WARWICKSHIRE.
43.
149
O
#>
summit of vane is under the centre of n is under the w and the h in the is over
Willets.
1814.
in
for
44.
O
V
The w again on
is
the pavement.
over o
7.
in
for
Sharp 202,
45.
O As
9>
last.
in
the
is
over o and r
in
for
R.r. Willets.
Gibson.
46.
O View
Ex,
9>
1
of
the
Mills
(metal
rolling
and
wire drawing).
812
no.
3.
&
Company,
Thomason.
47.
O Bust to left (Thomason) within a wreath of oak. token for one penny 1811 The top of the ones
R.r.
Sharp 206,
18.
in
date
axe. flat.
48.
O Similar
to last,
slope.
R.r. Halliday.
This bust, Sharp describes as that of an "eminent Birmingham manufacturer and distinguished patron of the arts." " It is believed to be that of the late Mr. Boulton, son of Matthew Boulton, founder of the Soho Mint." Note by Benjamin Nightingale, of Addenda, to Sharp.
Nightingale fell into an excusable error as Matthew Boulton and Sir Edward Thomason were both regarded as "distinguished patrons of the arts." In his Memoirs, p. 45 (18 11, the " I remember presenting to many gentlemen, who date of the token) Sir Edward says were then collectors of tokens, one of each of those which I executed as they came out among the rest, to my esteemed friend, John Johnstone, M.D., and received from him the
:
following note " Dr. John Johnstone begs that Mr. Thomason will accept his thanks for his obliging and handsome present of a set of tokens, which he values highly as a specimen of the ingenuity of one of his townsmen, and the more as containing a very good likeness on one of the tokens of Mr. Thomason himself* Temple Row, Dec. 4, 1811."
:
died on the 29th ult, at his residence in Warwick, in the 80th year of his age, deservedly and deeply lamented. He was an eminent medallist and manufacturer of bronzes at Birmingham, and received the honour of Knighthood, 27th June, 1832, for being instrumental in improving the Arts and Manufactures of England. He was likewise a Knight of the Red Eagle of Prussia, of Francis I, of Merit, of the Order of the Lion of the Netherlands, of Isabel the Catholic of Spain, of the Sun and Lion of Persia, etc., and acted for upwards of twenty years as Vice-Consul for seven of the Continental Powers. His name is known in literature by his "Autobiography during half a century." Sir Edward was married to a daughter of Samuel Glover, Esq., of Abercarne. The
Sir
Edward
Illustrated
gth,
*
849.
italics
The
are
my
own.
W. J. D.
150
crown in a circle. Birmingham and neath 181 1 49. O tops of the ones slope a little. one penny in a circle, crown copper company + + + top of p in penny is above the last limb of w in crown
The
The
Sharp
202, 15.
in date.
9>
Similar, but the tops of the ones in date are flat. Similar, but the p of penny lines with the centre of
51.
is
52. Similar to last, but the centre jewel on the band of the crown diamond shaped, whereas in all others it is oblong. R. 53. O Similar, but the cross does not touch the orb, the centre
in no. 49.
jewel as
51
and n
in
crown.
Tops of Ones slope.
54.
O
fy
55.
to centre of
R.
to last limb of
Cannon
Street,
Halliday.
and subsequently
O Range
chimneys, t8ii
of furnaces, the smoke emitting to right from eleven Under the furnaces risca above copper works below.
;
in a circle.
Birmingham
union copper
Halliday.
57.
O Range of furnaces
left
;
as before, dense
1
ten
chimneys to
under 181
in
in
circle,
company*
a circle,
10.
payable in Birmingham
Sharp 202,
but smoke not so dense from the chimneys of risca and at the end of building opposite the
;
59.
Similar to
last,
but
much
less
smoke and
WA R WICKSHIRE.
Square Cuffs.
151
60. O Hands clenched, 1 8 1 1 under in a circle; a line of pellets above the hands. Legend, Birmingham and risca * copper com pany * The corner of the cuff points to the r in risca and the
cuffs are square.
Vo
in a circle.
ham -Hr"
Sharp 202,
8.
Similar to
last,
s in
RISCA
The
in a circle. PAYABLE AT BIRMINGHAM IN top of penny lines with the centre of the first a
Sharp 202,
9.
penny
63.
O
9,
in
risca
R.
As
last.
Round
64.
Cuffs.
% As
" In consequence of the commercial success of the Copper Companies, a new one was formed under the style of the Birmingham and Risca Union Copper Company. Their Competition consequently became very smelting" works were erected near Newport, Mons. keen, which led to a trade arrangement by which the Union Company was dissolved." Modern Birmingham, p. 46, by Charles Pye, 18 18.
Sharp 202,
12.
66.
a and n of company
Halliday.
152
Date
slope.
67.
and,
in
smaller letters.
68.
Similar,
notes
notes
n
in
Similar,
notes
71. Similar, but the top of the y lines to the last limb of the n
72. Similar, but the y lines to the top of
73.
in
notes
O
9>
and n of company
As
last.
Halliday.
& one penny token in a circle. Legend, for public accommo dation The top of the y in penny lines to the centre of d *
in
ACCOMMODATION
Sharp
202,
13.
a and n of company
Halliday.
i8ii.
one penny
in
circle.
field
9= token 181 1 in a circle. Legend, copper company divided by an ornament the tops of the ones in date are flat. R. Halliday.
;
79.
O As
last.
Similar,
its
instead of to
second.
WARWICKSHIRE.
1812.
153
80. Similar, but dated 18 12 The top of the y of penny lines with the first limb of e in Sheffield
Sharp 202,
16.
81.
82.
The Ones
8-3.
in
Date
slope.
O
9>
R.
Halliday.
84.
manufacturers of Birmingham and Sheffield, with which to pay wages. There never was a Copper Company of the name indicated on the tokens.
Made
Birmingham
and
South
Wales.
Date.
;
Prince of Wales' plumes encircled by a coronet motto, ich Legend, Birmingham & south wales- 1812a circle. The tops of ones slope, no period before or after date. horse in a circle, copper token one penny The horse's fy ear points to centre of e in copper R.
dien
all in
Sharp
203, 19.
86.
is
curved.
Date.
Similar to
last,
88. 89.
end of e
is
90. O Similar, but on a much smaller flan the terminal of the & the date in much smaller figures. flat on the top 9> Similar, but the horse's ear points between the e and r of
;
copper
91.
Halliday,
Similar,
slope, and the airved. Similar, but the horse's ear points to the centre of e in copper
O
9>
is
is another instance where the tokens were existed as pretended in the legend.
made
for sale, as
no firm or company
154
92.
sea
O one penny in a circle. Legend, Birmingham and swan The top of penny lines between the w and a in Swansea
rose ornaa circle, rose copper company ment at bottom. The tops of the ones are flat, and the top of token R. lines with the centre of m in company
9>
token i8ii
in
Sharp
202, 14.
93.
O
#>
penny
w in
Swansea-
token
in
company
O
|k
Similar, but
penny
lines between
and a
in
Swansea
95.
token
in
company
do not
slope as
much. a
in
penny
Swansea
Halliday.
98.
and sham-
Birmingham and Swansea 18 12 rock, in a circle. Vo rose spray in a circle, copper token +
one penny +
Halliday.
Plate
warehouse
E, no.
5.
The Rose Copper Company, formed in 1793, conducted the Birmingham agency at The famous Matthew Boulton was one of its shareholders. in Cherry Street.
its
181
i.
O one penny in a circle. Birmingham & Warwickshire * top of penny lines with the flrst limb of s 9> token 181 1 in a circle, flint copper company rose ornament below.
The
Sharp 203,
21.
penny
1811,
WAR WICKSHIRE.
155
six to
crown with thirteen pearls on the arch of the crown, right, in a circle. Birmingham & Warwickshire The band of the crown at the bottom lines with the s in shire for general circulation 9> one penny 1812 in a circle, * The top of penny lines with the centre of the first e in general
101.
left,
seven to
Sharp 203,
20.
O Similar to last, but the top of cross is under the w which The band of crown lines with the h of before was between & and w
102.
shire
fy
Similar, but
penny
103. Similar to last, but the shape of the & different, being flat at the top, and there are fifteen pearls, seven to left and eight to The band lines to the s of shire right, on arch of crown.
104. Similar, but the & at the top turns downward ; there are thirteen pearls, six to the left and seven to the right. The band lines
to the
in
shire
R.
side.
105. Similar, but the crown has fourteen pearls, seven on each There is a b (Birmingham) inscribed on each side of the orb under the arch of the crown, and a b on each section of the cross.
Halliday.
These pieces, also made for sale, were a colourable imitation of the genuine Crown Copper Company's tokens of Birmingham and Neath.
HALFPENNY.
O half penny in a circle. Birmingham and Swansea The h in half lines to the centre of G #> token 181 1 in a circle, copper company An ornament under. The t in token is in line with the second p in copper
106.
top of the
Halliday.
This piece is presumed to be unique. probably caused its rejection.
The omission
of
107.
in a circle,
bow of the
c in copper
1.
rose copper company The top and the tops of the ones
Sharp 210,
108. Similar, but the t in line with the last limb of e in rose
109.
O
in
9=
in
half
between the
n and g
Birmingham
As
last.
156
110.
0-
in
half
numeral
is
but the tops of the ones in date slope under the space between e and n of token
to
the last
lines to
between n and g
Birmingham
:
The Copper Companies were i. The Birmingham Mining and Copper Company, formed
in the year 1790, who issued halfpenny tokens in 1791 and the two following years. These are described by Atkins on pp. 210-213. They were art productions by the famous Wyon (Thomas). The tokens were, as in the nineteenth century, extensively counterfeited. Imitations were also issued in the name of bogus companies, called Birmingham Company, and the Metal and Copper Company.
2.
3. 4.
The Rose Copper Company, established 1793. The Crown Copper Company, formed 1803. The Union Copper Company, which sprung into
will
these companies resorted to the issue of tokens as a ready means of disposing of the metal they produced. Without exception these bodies gave as near as they could intrinsic value in their token coinage, and, although it was the means by which they disposed of copper by the ton, the issues were popular, as an honest and ready exchange in the coinage of the period, and were appreciated by the public.
As
be seen,
all
Sir Original.
From a Block
113.
0-
the property
of Spink
&
Son.
9=
Bust to right with wig. sir original At the right i. g. h THIS IS MY WORK IOHN GREGORY HANCOCK AGED 7 YEARS
l800
114.
Ex.
R.r.
The same
in brass.
R.r.r.
Shakespeare.
w. shake speare 115. O Bust to left. Hancock aged 7 y's the bust I R.r. V As last.
Batty 2321.
R.r.
CHARLES PYE.
From a Bust
WAR WICKSHIRE.
117.
157
O As
last.
^ As
no.
12,
(sic)
R.r.r.
Norman's
Strictly speaking, these specious tokens belong to the eighteenth century, but, as they were struck too late to be included in Conder, and are not described in Atkins, they are admitted. Pye tells us that " doubts having been expressed as to the bond fides of this work being that of young Hancock, induced his father to make an affidavit that they were entirely and the gentlemen for whom they were made declare they were engraved by his son perfectly convinced of the truth of this affidavit." " It is to be regretted that the subsequent career of this precocious boy is unknown. It is, indeed, beyond comprehension that all attempts should fail to trace what became The Toke?i Coinage of Warwickshire. of the remarkable son of so distinguished an artist." It has recently been observed by Mr. Hamer that, as I. G. Hancock, jun., was born June 24th, 1791, he would be at least 8 years and six months old at the beginning of 1800 so that either a mistake was made in reference to the age or the date, or perhaps in reference to both.
;
COVENTRY.
PENNY.
118.
O Bust
m>
in profile to left
Philemon hol
land
E.
Under the bust, died 1636 aged 85 View of an interior. Ex. free school Coventry PPINNY TOKEN PAYABLE BY E W PERCY COVENTRY
Plate E,
no.
6.
Thirty-six impressions.
120.
O Blank.
$>
As
last,
but a
trial
tin.
R.r.
hollond
Unfinished.
Atkins 205,
22.
E. Plain.
"This
is
also
trial
piece
in
tin,
of which
six
Vide
Pye
4,
XV*
O As
118.
122.
V Similar to 1 18, but two boys detected by the schoolmaster playing at marbles. 1801
E.
"
As
118.
Atkins 205,
23.
Only
six
Pye
5,
XV*
158 123.
last.
cyrop^edia
is
one Sole
Pen
A
A
Pen
it
was
took
When I
leave
it
it
Pen 1
Still.
By
the book
is
an inkstand with a
Plate
J,
quill
pen
in
it.
Ex. 1801
i-
g-
E As n8.
no. 21, reverse only illustrated.
124 O As 9? As
125.
last.
last,
but a
trial
tin.
Hancock.
O
9>
Blank.
As
last.
"
Four unfinished Proofs in Tin." Vide Pye 6, XV*. Philemon Holland was appointed, in 1608, usher of the Free School. In 1612, presented with the Freedom of the City, and appointed master in 1628. Holland was the first translator of Camden; and the "Romanes Histories" MS. he claimed to have written throughout with one pen. "A monumental pen," says Fretton, " which he solemnly kept, and which, ultimately, was enclosed in silver by a lady of his acquaintance." The Token
Coinage of Warwickshire.
From a Trial
HBMBBHHBHBI
"*"
~^
.-
<^o
1/
4,tSOt
/2
^^//^
<m*
/ p/<t
/y
y->
&r~>
*-
***y '%**+**>
**>*^
0-&*<s
^A*^ ~~~- /^ *^
Yf-y/c t /
^,
^/?
^*- /
'j^c^C *&--
&* *->%-
~^yr^>*Sy,
^~f*
r^*
r-*~
J>S>*
dS X-~
*~-.'
^.
*
From
tJie
Z^*^^^ /^<.
159
WILTSHIRE.
MARLBOROUGH.
SHILLING.
SILVER.
1. o One Bank Token
&
Griffiths
circle.
For
R.
Plate
L, no. 28.
Griffiths +
9>
The
king- gosling- tanner & in a circle, centre of the cuff lines to the o in gosling Legend, marl shilling token 181 1 in a circle.
Boyne
144.
R.
4 O As
#>
but with a circular inscription one shil ling + token + and the date omitted. R.r. Halliday.
Similar to
Boyne
145.
SIXPENCE.
5.
0-
&
circle.
Similar to last, excepting in size. sixpence token 181 1 with a Staffordshire knot above, in a Marlborough old - bank Halliday.
of this
New
Street,
&
Co., 27,
Gracechurch
Street,
STAVERTON.
HALF CROWN.
6.
O View
S
mill.
$>
of mills over a river, with a clock tower on the centre Legend, staverton factory near Bradford Wiltshire
6 181
R.r.r.
210.
Boyne
160
--:-
ii
From
the top
PENNY.
COPPER.
View of mills over a river, with a clock tower on the centre Legend, staverton factory near Bradford Wiltshire on the ground at the right, t w The summit of the weather vane is under the centre of the x in staverton A fleece suspended from a ribbon. Legend, one penny
7.
mil].
token
8i
The
tail
R.r.
Similar to last, but without the periods in the legend 8. the t w on the ground omitted, and the summit of the vane is under the first limb of the n in staverton Similar to last, but the tail does not extend belozu the hock of
;
the fleece.
R.r.
T.
Wyon.
Plate
E, no.
7.
These mills, which were between Trowbridge and Bradford, were partly destroyed by fire The experiments of manufacturing cloth in this part of the early in the nineteenth century. country were of an enterprising character, but, unfortunately, brought several occupiers to grief. John Cooper &* Co. were the proprietors of the mills when the tokens were issued. The mills are now adapted for milk condensing. There is a tablet on the present buildings For this information the author is indebted to Lord to commemorate the date of the fire. Edmond Fitzmaurice. The Bath Chronicle, April 15th, 1813, says: "The creditors who have proved their debts under a Commission of Bankrupt, awarded and issued against John Jones, late of Staverton, in the County of Wilts, clothier, banker, dealer and chapman, are requested to attend a meeting to be held at John's Coffee House, Cornhill, London, on Thursday the 22d day of April, inst., at twelve o'clock at noon.
'
161
WORGESTERSH IRE.
COUNTY AND
SHILLING.
SILVER.
three pears in canton sable and gules, a castle argent between olive and palm branches. The motto civitas in bello in pace fidelis (A city in war and in peace faithful) on a ribbon below. Worcester county & city token * to in a wreath of oak and acorns, 9. value one shill: Halliday. facilitate trade 1 8 1
1.
;
CITY.
O Arms,
sinister,
Plate
Issued by the Directors of the
E, no.
8.
House
BEWDLEY.
TWO SHILLINGS AND
COPPER.
2.
0-
SIXPENCE.
NEAR BEWDLEY
& B THOMPSON
#> WE PROMISE TO PAY THE BEARER ON DEMAND A ONE POUND note for eight of these pieces Unknown.
Plate
K, no.
13.
This Colliery, situated ten miles from Stourport, was sold by auction on Dec. 9th, 1822.
DUDLEY.
PENNY.
of Justice standing between a cask inscribed respon and a bale. Dudley & Birmingham token one penny 181 i On the ground at the left, h The ones in date slope. WALLIS BIRMINGHAM T & I 9> RICHARD BADGER DUDLEY Legend, a pound note for 240 tokens with an ornament below. The last letter in Birmingham is quite clear of the o and k in token The whole surrounded on obverse and reverse by an Etruscan border.
3.
O Figure
sibility
Sharp
4.
203,
1.
of
TOKEN
5.
Similar, but the ones in date havejlat tops. Similar, but the final m of Birmingham lines with the top of the o in token instead of its centre. R.
#>
162
6.
O
=
Similar, but ones in date slope. Similar, but the issuers' initials are t & j
;
7. O An anvil pointing to the left the date 1812 under in a circle. The ones in date slope. Legend, Dudley one penny token
in
circle,
a pound
Sharp
8.
203,
2.
O
in
fy
ones
As
last.
LYE.
9.
O Bust
to left
under.
shoulder,
slope.
The
penny token between palm and olive branches. 9> one FORREST & C? LYE FORGE PAYABLE BY J H on the second + palm blade there are six berries in the olive branch. Halliday.
Sharp
0-
203,
3.
Similar, but without the small h on the shoulder the tops 10. of ones in date are fat. $ Similar, but there are no berries in the olive branch, and the Unknown. h on the palm branch omitted.
;
spade, shovel, trace & chain j a circle, 11. O A tree in 181 1 On the trunk of the tree h manufactory penny token in a circle, payable at the lye 9> one Halliday. warehouse by t. wood & c
Plate
E, no.
9.
REDDITCH.
redditch 12. O Prince of Wales' plumes encircled by a coronet, token + one penny + The quills of the feathers are straight. hemming Legend, a > payable by w bartleet & w pound note for 240 tokens - 1813 An ornament above the
date.
Sharp 204,
5.
WORCESTERSHIRE.
13.
163
Similar to last, but the quills of the feathers are curved, and the one at the right is over the centre of e in penny instead of its first Halliday. limb. R.
Both the
issuers
WORCESTER
14. O Arms of the city, The lower bar of shield is
in line
1811.
* * * civitas in bello in pace fidelis with the a in civitas value one penny between palm and olive branches. ty> 18 1 1 There are six Worcester city and county token berries in the olive branch, the tops of ones in date slope.
Sharp 204,
6.
ones
in
R.
;
the
ones
17.
in
date
slope.
a and
;
s in
civitas
9 Similar, but with only six berries in the olive branch tops of ones in date are fiat.
the
18.
on olive branch.
on olive branch.
O Similar, but the lower bar of shield is in line with the civitas The 9> Similar, but there are six berries on olive branch. first two blades of palm on the inside are unequal in length the second nearly touching the foot of the y in penny
20.
s in
;
21. Similar, but the two blades of palm under n and y are nearly equal in length.
22.
O
9>
Similar, but lower bar of shield lines above the s in civitas Similar, but with seven berries
1814.
24.
O 9
Similar, but lower bar of shield lines to s in civitas Similar, but twenty-one leaves on olive branch, and dated
1814
164
25.
0-
and
in
CIVITAS
%c
Unknown.
This
is
William Cotton,
1811, the
following advertisement,
their
finding the demand for that many disappointments have occurred in consequence thereof, have now provided a sufficient quantity to supply the public with any amount. They likewise beg to state, that as the Advantage arising from issuing these tokens, independent of the convenience of the trading Interest, will be applied in aid of the Poor Rates, they trust they will meet due encouragement from every class. " ' N.B. These Tokens will be regularly exchanged at any time for Bank Notes at their office in Friar's Street, and they presume to add, that their Responsibility must have a preference to the issue of any Individual.'
'"THE DIRECTORS
TOKENS
HOUSE OF INDUSTRY
first
calculated upon,
and
" In the same year, October 12th, we read "' It is with much satisfaction we learn, that in order to relieve the public inconvenience so universally felt from the want of small change in this city and neighbourhood, the Directors of our House of Industry, at the earnest solicitations of many respectable tradesmen and others, have resolved to circulate of 2s. 6d. each, to which their responsibility will be attached, and consequently that of the united parishes by which, the principal objection hitherto made on the subject of similar issues, will be obviated.'
:
CARD TOKENS
26.
0-
junior
Sharp 204,
Similar, but
one penny
in a circle,
Halliday.
HALFPENNY.
28. O value half penny between palm and olive branches. The third blade of Worcester city and county token- 1811 half the f in palm points to the centre of
$c
Arms
as before,
..
29.
30.
palm points
to the foot of f
9=
circle,
31.
Worcester
Worcester
R.
Halliday.
32.
WORCESTERSHIRE.
FARTHING.
33.
165
O Arms as before, john knapp junior Worcester $ one farthing in a circle, to facilitate trade 1813
Plate E,
34. Similar to last, but vigornia
no. 10.
substituted for
Worcester
Halliday.
two
porcelain.
shillings,
35.
o I Promise to pay the Bearer on demand two Shillings. Davis At the China Factory. in raised letters. $1 w p c (Worcester Porcelain Company)
Cotton
50.
R.r.r.
36.
Similar, except in
Shilling.
R.r.r.
SIXPENCE.
Similar, except in size and value Sixpence. R.r.r. About the year 1760, tokens were issued by the proprietors of the Worcester Porcelain Company about the same size as the coins of the value represented. There is a set of these Porcelain Tokens in the British Museum and in Sir A. W. Franks's collection (R. W. Binns, quoted by W. Chaffers, " Marks and Monograms on Pottery and Porcelain? iot/1 ed., 1903,
37.
p. 756).
The
Sir
The house taken for the Company's Works was a famous one, being the residence of William Windsor, temp. Henry VII. The building now forms part of Dent's glove factory.
166
YORKSHIRE. COUNTY.
SHILLING.
SILVER.
for public accommodation A scroll ornament between one and shilling within a garter, tinted or. Yorkshire west riding token i 8 ii The date divided by the tag of the garter. Halliday.
1.
fleece
suspended,
shilling.
Boyne
235.
BARNSLEY.
shilling.
2. O The arms of Leeds between sprigs of palm and oak. Crest, a star within an oval, william horsfall barnsley 9? Female seated on a bale, holding scales and cornucopia. one shilling silver token 1812. R.r.r. Halliday. Plate M, no. 1.
This reverse occurs again on a Sheffield token. Until recently the firm was carrying on business as Horsfall & Co., and is now in existence as a limited company.
BRADFORD.
shilling.
Arms, gules a chevron between three bugle horns, stringed, 3. two and one, within a wreath. james lay Crest, a boar's head. COCK BRADFORD 9> Justice standing between a bale, labelled y & d and a cask inscribed wine & spirits Legend, one shilling token 1812
0
Halliday.
Plate K,
James, subsequently
no. 14.
to the issue of the token, took his brother Thomas as a partner, Dividend paid dealer in oils. The firm was declared bankrupt April 4th, 181 5. Nov. 22, 18 17. London Gazette.
who was a
BRIDLINGTON.
shilling.
4.
O
Ifc
Unknown.
5.
O
>
harwood
B Legend, cook and shield with BB in a wreath of olive. 18 1 2 Scroll ornaments on either side of date 12 in large figures inscribed, twelve penny the letters incuse.
//^
'u
'
4-
*
.~^J"
"#,**>"""->
~y
e*
it
r-r
VtJ//
^ ^^;
i^7
*/-
2
/
//
^2
/
XL*r~ / ;&~vfe
:,
//,-
/f"
^
V
/$/;?>/& /-<m<f
//
.,-/
4-
a*
,j~ J/-s-
>
/n
ix*
tiufrj
'mil
I
/
/f-/
//
h a^ jnp
From
YORKSHIRE.
167
ship between ebb 6. O Arms of the Priory of Bridlington. Bridlington quay i8ii within palm and olive branches. .+ #> ONE SHILLING SILVER TOKEN Legend, JAMES STEPHENSON +
Wyon.
Boyne
29.
DONCASTER.
SHILLING.
7.
0-
9>
ship in
1
doncaster cross of Otho de Tilli, birkinshaw Figure of Justice standing by a bale, inscribed y & d A Legend, one shilling silver token the distance to right.
The
Halliday.
Plate
J,
no. 22.
Otho de
"One
Tilli.
of the most interesting antiquities of this town" (Doncaster) "is the cross of Ote de Tilli. It is a cylindrical column eighteen feet in height, with four half cylinders of smaller diameter attached to it. Each column was originally surmounted by a cross pattee The Puritanical zeal of some soldiers of the Earl of Manchester raised on a slender shaft. in the Civil Wars urged them to pull down the crosses, and the whole pillar might soon have perished had not William Patterson, who was Mayor in 1678, interested himself in its preservation. " The original position of this cross was at the beginning of Hallgate, but when that part of the town was improved, in 1793, it was removed to its present site, or rather a facsimile of it with a vane instead of the crosses was erected. Around the cross, at about the height of seven feet, is an inscription in the Langobardic character. ICEST EST LA CRVICE OTE L> TILLI A KI ALME DEY FACE MERCI AMEN." Extract from AllarHs "History of the County of Yor/e" 1831, vol. Ill, p. 94. "Ote or Otho de Tille is a name which often presents itself in the records of the He lived in the reigns of Stephen and Henry II and was affairs of this neighbourhood. seneschal or steward of Conningsborough under Hameline Earl of Warren."
8.
The pennant
inscribed
don
Legend,
mirfin and
doncaster 9> Female seated on a bale to right, with scales and cornucopia on the ground a sword a ship in the distance at the right. The Legend, one shilling silver token 181 initials y & d under. The d is over the first 1 in date, h on the bale.
;
Boyne
9.
68.
Similar to
is
last,
is
in date,
the
omitted,
R. d
is
10.
and
2 in date.
Halliday.
SIXPENCE.
11. O Similar to last except in size the pennant is inscribed do instead of don 9> Similar, but without the sword on the ground. Legend,
;
1 8 1 2 Plate E,
Halliday.
no.
11.
168
HULL.
EIGHTEENPENCE.
12.
olive branches,
between
four
six berries in the right and the tooth of the border does not touch the
There are
6d
in the centre,
RUDSTON
AND PRESTON
R.
Boyne
A
13.
14.
tooth
15.
on each side of the wreath, the border again free of the u in hull
and four
16.
Similar, but there are five berries in the wreath at the right at the left.
and
five at the
left.
Unknown.
SIXPENCE.
17.
Similar to preceding, excepting in size and value. and six on the left of wreath.
Boyne
46.
6-
Four
Unknown.
LEEDS.
SHILLING.
1811.
18. O Arms between palm and olive branches; azure, a fleece suspended on a chief, or three mullets of five points. (Boyne says Crest, a star within an oval. the tints are wrongly depicted). Legend, john smalpage & s lumb leeds 9> A female seated on a bale with scales and cornucopia, a ship in the distance, a sword on the ground with y & d above it. Legend, one shilling silver token 181 i The ship lines above the e in one
;
Boyne
19.
0-
108.
fleece are
on one
the sword.
20. Similar, but the d is between the dress and sword, the extends to the end of the bale, the sword points to y in y & d
YORKSHIRE.
21.
169
is
on the
on
to the
end of
the bale.
and legs of the fleece are on one line. but the point of sword extends beyond the y There is grass over the hilt.
23.
0-
>
Similar,
24.
is
and no grass
over the
25.
d touches the
bale.
is
26.
O
9=
27.
of
y & d
no. 12.
Plate E,
O
V
Similar, but the nose of the fleece is on one line. Similar, but the d is between the dress and sword
to
and
there is grass over the hilt. The varieties of die are tending-
Halliday.
make
this otherwise
common
token scarce.
29.
12.
Halliday.
;
Boyne informs us, John Smalpage was a tailor and draper when called upon to meet the repayment of the tokens he was financially embarrassed, but Beckett <&-" Co., Bankers, enabled him to tide over the difficulty for a time. Smalpage's place of business was at 22, Briggate, and S. Lumb was a cloth-dresser in Meadow Lane. J. Smalpage was subsequently (Sep. 15, 1821) declared bankrupt.
O Arms as before, but with crowned owls as supporters two maces in sal tire no legend. 9> ONE SHILLING SILVER TOKEN PAYABLE AT THE LEEDS WORK
;
house
Halliday.
Plate
K, no.
15.
SIXPENCE.
31.
six-pence silver
TOKEN l8 1
170
SCARBOROUGH.
SHILLING.
an antique ship, a castle 32. O The arms of Scarborough towered, with a star between the ship and castle no legend. LORD & MAR 9> ONE SHILLING SILVER TOKEN l8 1 I in a circle. Halliday. shall * Scarborough *
; ;
Boyne
33.
191.
in cash
Similar to
last,
SIXPENCE.
34. O Similar to last, but y & d omitted, and a period instead of a quatrefoil divides the legend. Periods divide the legend instead Vo Similar, but six pence Halliday. of stars.
Lord and Marshall were hardware merchants.
SHEFFIELD.
HALF GUINEA.
GOLD.
35.
younge
9>
standard gold io
R.r.r.
in a similar border.
Plate M,
HALF CROWN.
SILVER.
36. O The arms of Sheffield, eight arrows in saltire banded between two pheons, oak anal palm branches at the sides crest, a cherub, younge & deakin Sheffield 9= Female to left seated on a bale with scales and cornucopia the bale is inscribed y & d A sword o?i the ground, two shillings & six pence silver token 1812 A small h to the left, under the robe. R. Halliday.
;
;
Plate M,
no.
3.
public meeting of the inhabitants of Sheffield was called last week to consider the propriety of issuing a local silver coinage ; when it was resolved that pieces of the denomination of 2s. 6d. and is. be stamped and sent into circulation to an amount not exceeding 10,000^ and not less than 5,000^." Bath Chronicle, Oct. 24th, 181 1.
"A
YORKSHIRE.
171
EIGHTEENPENCE.
a Similar to last, but the arms are not on a shield wreath of olive encircles the arms and crest, younge & c? s & c
37.
0;
SHEFFIELD fy Female, etc. as before, but the sword leans against the bale, one shilling & sixpence token 1812 There are no initials on the ground. R.r.
R.r.r.
Halliday.
1811.
SHILLING,
No Wreath to
39.
O
#
Similar to
last,
SHEFFIELD
but one shilling silver token i 8 i i Grass and the tops of ones in date arejlat. y & d on the ground. The point of sword extends beyond the y and nearly touches the edge of the ground.
Similar to
last,
hilt,
Boyne, 200.
hilt,
under the y
41. Similar, but the point of
hilt to
42. Similar, but the tops of the ones in date slope, and point of the sword extends beyond the y in y & d
43.
hilt.
small
h on the ground
at
the right.
44.
sword
is
under the y
The h on
the ground
omitted.
Plate
E, no. 14.
above
it.
sword
No grass
47.
above the
no. 39.
hilt.
1812.
O As
No wreath to shield. The tops of 9> Similar, but dated 181 2 the ones arejlat, the point of the sword is under the & of y & d Halliday.
This
is
the
same reverse
172
Shield.
;
Arms in crest, a cherub, s & c younge 48. & C SHEFFIELD the > Similar to last, but the sword rests against the bale initials y & d omitted. The base of the letters are square, and there are four blades of grass at end of sword.
a wreath of olive
Boyne
202.
end of sword.
50. close copy, but the base of the letters scolloped, and four Halliday. blades of grass at end of sword.
O Arms
A pellet
Boyne
52.
204.
lines between
the limbs of r
53.
Plate E,
no. 15.
SIXPENCE.
Sheffield withottt the wreath, younge & deakin Similar to preceding except in size, six-pence silver token 1 8 1 1 There is no sword by the seated figure.
54.
O Arms
>
Boyne
201.
THIRSK.
SHILLING.
55.
0-
Arms
legend
is 9>
azure, a cross patonce argent, thirsk 18 12 The divided on each side by a quatrefoil. silver token in a circle. Legend, thirsk association one
SHILLING
Boyne 221. Boyne says the arms should have been tinted sable and gold. For SCURR countermark see Countermarked Tokens of Yorkshire. Richard Scurr, clock and watchmaker, Thirsk, was declared bankrupt June London Gazette.
28th, 18 17.
YORKSHIRE.
173
WHITBY.
SHILLING.
56. O Arms of Whitby Abbey, argent, three shells (ammonite), two over one. whitby association i8iiA quatrefoil inscribed y & d 9> silver token one shilling
under shilling
HaMiday.
YORK.
SHILLING.
city, quarterly argent, on a cross gules, five between olive and palm branches. Legend, york 1811 There are four berries in the olive branch; on the second palm blade at the right of the last numeral in date, the letter The bottom horizontal line of the cross at the left, lines y (york) to the third berry from the top of the branch, which is without a stem. An ornament above and below. 9> cattle and barber Legend, one shilling silver token The top of the b in barber lines to the top of s in silver The centre of the rose in the upper ornament is under the last limb of h in shilling
57.
O Arms
of the
Boyne
58. 59.
233.
Also
in
in
is
not
joined
60.
last
the centre.
R.
O Similar, but with y on the first blade at the right of the numeral, the 8 in date properly formed. 9> Similar, but the b in barber lines above the s in silver The rose is between h and 1 in shilling
61. O Similar, but the y on the palm is omitted. The bottom horizontal line of cross lines between the second and third berry from the top of the olive branch the third berry is without its stem. #> Similar, but the b in barber lines just beloiv the top of s in silver and the centre rose in the ornament is under the first 1 in
;
shilling
Bottom Line of Cross opposite a Berry.
62.
is
on the
first
last
numeral
The
9> Similar, but the centre rose of the ornament space between the h and 1 in shilling
under the
63. O Similar, but the y is on the second palm blade at the right of the last numeral in date. The third berry has a stem. ^ Similar, but the centre rose is under the first 1 in shilling the b in barber lines between s and 1 in silver R.
174
64. O Similar, but the third berry from the top is without a stem, the y on the second palm blade is also at the right of the last numeral
in date.
ft
is
under the
16.
last
top of b in barber
line
s in
65.
O
ft
Similar, but the third berry from the top has a stem,
As
last.
R.
in
66.
Similar, but
Copper,
is
without a stem.
i
between the
h and
67. O Similar, but the olive branch has only three berries, the second or the one opposite the cross has a stem. ft Similar, but the centre of the rose is under the space between Halliday. h and i of shilling
Shield.
Similar, but an
there are
AND BARBER ONE SHILLING SILVER TOKEN the ft CATTLE bottom of b in barber lines to the terminal of the s in silver the centre of the rose is under the h in shilling R.
69.
O
ft
is
york
As
last.
R.
Boyne
70.
O As
ft
last.
rose
is
in
silver
The
Unknown.
71.
O Similar
is
the palm
ft
over the
to the Shillings with the cross tinted; the stem of first one in date, and the letter y is omitted.
in
barber
72.
Similar, but legend six pence silver lines to the centre of the s in silver Boyne 234.
last.
token
The
top of b
O As
ft
s in
silver
first
73.
O
ft
is
between the
two
numerals
As
last.
YORKSHIRE.
74.
175
O As
>
last.
barber
of s in silver
Halliday.
Cattle and Barber were goldsmiths and jewellers in Coney Street, York. " An issue of silver tokens has been made by Messrs. Cattle and Barber of York. These tokens are of the value of Shillings and Sixpences, and are finished in a neat style, bearing on one side the arms of the City of York, and on the other, their value, with the names of
the issuers."
1.
BARNSLEY.
PENNY.
COPPER.
weaver working- a loom, no legend the sley board touches 75. O the weaver's head at the left, and the cloth turns under the piece beam the end of the piece beam is seen opposite to the knee of the weaver at the right. Legend payable at jackson & 9> penny token in a circle. listers warehouse* barnsley* The upright of the p is over the upright limb of the t in token and nn in penny are without their
; ;
terminals.
76.
Similar, but the sley board touches the weaver's head in the beam is not seen at the right of the
weaver.
>
Similar to
last,
but nn
in
penny are
no. 17.
correctly formed.
Plate E,
77.
Similar, but the sley board touches the weaver's head at the beam is seen at the right of the weaver, the end of
is
the cloth
9>
of the t in
78.
token
at the right,
Similar, but the sley board passes through the weaver's head and is connected to the sley of the loom, no cloth is seen
last.
& As
Jackson
weaver. R.
Halliday.
&
BEVERLEY.
THREEPENCE.
79.
azure.
O The arms of Beverley, in chief argent, a beaver, three wavies Legend, the beverley new friendly society established
>
1789.
Plate K,
The Beverley Brotherly Society, under the auspices of John Gould, Father, issued a very fine piece, the size of a penny, in the eighteenth century. Vide Batty 629.
176
DONCASTER.
80. 0- Justice standing with scales and sword between bale and cask birkinshaw* doncaster v On the ground y & d at the left of
the figure.
Vc
Halliday.
BRADFORD WORKHOUSE.
See the Countermarked Tokens of Yorkshire.
HULL.
PENNY.
Under 1812 There are four small 81. O A view of lead works. chimneys emitting smoke and a stack or tall chimney which exhibits a very small quantity of smoke. with an ornament under 9> one penny hull lead works works Legend payable in bank of eng? or hull notes by i. k. picard The last limb of the second n in penny is under the n in notes
;
Sharp 204,
4.
82.
O As
I>
last.
in
penny
is
under
the o in notes
Plate
83.
E, no.
19.
O
9=
thiniier
Similar, but with a little more smoke volume from the smallest chimney.
to the stack,
and a
As
last.
is
84.
O
9>
in
penny
is
under
85. O Similar, but still more smoke from the stack, and the small one emits a thick volume at the left, h on the ground.
9.
As
last.
86. O Similar, but the stack emits a large volume of smoke, there a key stone over the centre of the archway at the left h on the wall and h on the ground. 9> Similar, but the last limb of the second n in penny is under the last limb of the n in notes
is
;
From
W.
Sykes.
YORKSHIRE.
87.
177
issuing from the small chimney is which previously it touched the keystone over the centre of the archway omitted, as also are the initials on the wall and ground.
Similar, but the
smoke
upright,
stack,
';
9>
As
last.
88.
>
As
last.
Halliday.
Sharp
204,
3.
Double Inscription.
Legend, one pound note for 240 of 90. O hull penny 181 2 THESE TOKENS K PICARD AT HIS LEAD WORKS IN HULL > PAYABLE BY I Halliday. OR AT 1 24 UPPER THAMES STREET LONDON *
Sharp 204,
5.
91.
O As
>
last.
Similar, but
the
name
instead
of
k
*
name
necessitated
new
reverse die.
Wellington.
92.
O Bust
VIMIERA
TALAVERA
BUSACO
BADAJOZ
SALAMANCA
The
lance,
Star of
the most noble order of the garter does not appear on the bust.
fy A mounted Cossack penny token
to right with
F, no.
1.
musket and
cossack
Halliday.
is
Plate
This token is one of Halliday's finest productions, and popularity with the American token collectors.
1813.
scarce, in consequence of
its
to left, similar to last, but with the noble star on the vimiera talavera badajoz salamanca viTtoria Jk A female seated to left in her right hand an olive branch, in her left a trident, at her side the union shield in the distance a ONE PENNY TOKEN 1813 ship.
93.
O Bust
breast,
Sharp 207,
21.
No
Date.
R.
24.
Halliday.
A A
178
95. O A lion sejant, the dexter paw on a shield gules, within a bordure a fleur-de-lys (the crest of the Picard family) esse quam videri (to be rather than seem to be.) 9> HULL HALF PENNY l8l2 Legend, PAYABLE BY I K- PICARDlead works hull The y in penny lines to the last limb of r in works Halliday.
Sharp 2H,
2.
96.
O
#>
As
last.
Sharp 21 j,
i.
y y
in
penny
limb of R in
WORKS
98. Similar, but the
in
penny
lines to the o in
works Halliday.
"John Kirby Picard's works were situated at the west end of the south side of the Queen's Dock. For some time prior to entering into the business of his father, Picard practised as an attorney-at-law in Trinity House-lane, and eventually became a barrister, and was chosen as a Deputy-Recorder of Hull. He was a man of considerable wealth, and in 1811 was
solicited to stand as a candidate for the office of Member of Parliament for Hull, but declined in a letter dated 4th March, 181 1, written from Summergangs House, Holderness-road, Hull.
Mr. Sykes' information in the latter part of the paragraph is corroborated by the London Gazette, of Feb. 13, 1827, which announced that J. K. Pickard, white lead merchant, Russell Street, Covent Garden, had been declared bankrupt.
Wellington's Battles.
99. O Bust laureated to left, in military uniform, hispaniam et lvsitaniam restitvit Wellington (Wellington restored Spain and Portugal.) In the wreath there 2x0. four berries, one button on coat. BADAJOZ APRIL 2- l8l2 > CUIDAD (sic) RODRIGO JAN- 19- l8l2 salamanca july 22 1812 &c. &c. &c. In an outer circle, vimiera aug 2 1 1808 TALAVERA JULY 28 1809 ALMEIDA MAY 5 l8l I +
100.
The same
in
Gold.
:
In the author's copy of Sharp, formerly the property of Robert, brother of William Boyne, at p. 212, the following note appears " Head of Wellington R Inscription on his battles 1812. A proof of this in gold was sold at Younge & Co.'s sale Sheffield in 1867."
101.,
The same
in Silver.
102. Similar, but with periods after july- 22- and 181 2 seventh line of the reverse.
103.
in the
The same
in Silver.
YORKSHIRE.
105.
179
O
9>
Similar, but without the button on the coat and Similar, but with periods after JULY 22
1812- in the
seventh line.
106.
smaller.
Tip of wreath points others it is under the second a B> Similar, but no period
substituted.
in
and seventh
12
lines.
2
Madrid aug
181
108. Similar, but with three berries in the wreath. projecting from the end of the third leaf.
long stalk
109.
110. Similar, but button on coat very large, tie of wreath hangs
belozv collar.
112. wreath.
Similar, but the button again on the coat, four berries in Periods after july 22 and 1812Similar, but zvithout a period after jan ]>
O
#>
Similar, but with four berries in the wreath. ciudad instead of cuidad B.nd periods after jan
and aug-
R.
115. Similar, but without the periods after jan 116.
and aug
O
>
T SALAMANCA JULY 22 l8l2- MADRID AUG 12 l8l2 S Sebastian sept 8- 1813- pampluno OCT 31- 1813- surrounded by
l8l2 CUIDAD RODRIGO JAN 1 9 l8l2 BADAJOZ APRIL 2 The whole within an inner circle. The outer legend as before. R.
Halliday.
Extract from MS. on the Local Coinage of Kingston-upon-Hull, by John Richardson, dated on cover 1848, but evidently not finished until a much later period.
" SUMMERGANGS HOUSE, once the residence of J. K. Picard, and then pronounced upon the united judgement of 4 Nobles, 2 Marquises, and 2 Earls, the most gentlemanly and prettiest place of its size between Hull and London, and when the Head of the Chancery Bar came to spend a few days of retirement with me J. K. P. at this house he expressed precisely the same opinion upon it as did the other Noble Lds. Hastings and Warwick, etc., etc. " His business and pleasure as a rich man often calling him to London, and having an extensive acquaintance with the Nobility, Judges of the Land, and the Leading men in Parliament and the fashionable world, he was tempted to enter into the gambling dissipations of the period. At this time the French Armies in Spain and Portugal, under the command of Napoleon Buonaparte's Generals, were being beaten in a succession of Battles by Arthur, Duke of Wellington, and the idea struck Picard that he would issue a Token with the names of the Battles, and their dates, on one side and a profile of Wellington on the other, and as
.
180
he gained fresh victories, he issued new Tokens with the additional battles, until at length, instead of having one list of victories in a circle round and in the centre of the token, he was obliged to add another circle with victories and dates. At one of the meetings where gaming was going on, some of these tokens were exhibited by him, and as Wellington was then the idol of the British people and the intimate friend of the Prince Regent, afterwards George 4th, the circumstance was mentioned to the Prince Regent, who invited him to Before he had an audience of Royalty he ordered several to Court, to exhibit his Tokens. be struck off in Silver, containing all the victories of Wellington to that date. The date of the last victory on these silver Tokens will therefore enable us to judge at what time, or nearly so, he went to Court. "The author, in personal interviews with J. K. Picard, received from him the substance of the paragraphs relating to this Token, and also the Penny and Halfpenny Tokens, called the Lead Mill Tokens as related before. Picard at that time lived in Pemberton Street, Holderness Ward."
In the Advertiser, of August 14th, 1813,
is
Tokens.
COPPER TOKENS.
imitations of my Wellington Tokens being in circulation, without either the name of the person who issues them, or any pledge for repayment, I feel it due to the public and myself, immediately to call in all my Tokens bearing the name and likeness of Lord Wellington. I therefore request that they may be presented here, on or before the 7th of September next, between nine and ten o'clock in the morning on each day, when a clerk will be in attendance to receive them, and deliver Hull or Bank of England notes in exchange. After which day I cannot hold myself responsible for any of the above description. the Copper Tokens with my name on them, I shall continue issuing, so long as they ma}' be shall always hold myself responsible." of use to the Public, said for the repayment of
"
Some
BUT ALL
THEM
Lead Works,
J.
K.
PICARD.
John Picard established the Lead Works, which were on the Dockside, in the latter part of the eighteenth century, later John Smith joined the business, but when the tokens were issued the proprietor of the Mills was John Kirby Picard. " In 18 12, the English arm}', then in Spain, were distressed for the want of small change. " I was applied to through Mr. J. K. Picard, of the great Lead Works, Hull, who, I understood, was appointed the agent, to obtain a peculiar coinage to pass in Spain for the and which coinage was not to interfere with the coinage of value of one penny English the English Government, or with that of the Spanish Government. " It was resolved then to have on the obverse the head of Wellington, and on the reverse Battle of Vimiera, Passage of the Douro, Battle of Talavera, Lines the following victories of Torres Vedres, Battle of Albuera, Capture of Badajos, Battle of Salamanca. " To make a good likeness of Lord Wellington for this coin, Mrs. Wellesley Pole* sent me a wax profile from Saville Row, Jan. 1812. " I made upwards of two millions of these pieces in copper, which passed current with The Memoirs of Sir Edward Thomason, p. 48. the army."
;
:
The
KEIGHLEY.
See the Countermarked Tokens of Yorkshire.
LEEDS.
117. legend.
0-
Arms,
gules, a lion
no
>
A pair
:
of scales,
Boyne (Yorkshire Tokens) yj, 20. Boyne says " This was issued by William Jackson, tobacconist, at the time tobacco was sold at a penny three farthings the half-ounce." The writer of the Bazaar Articles adds " and also a tea dealer carrying on business at Lower Head Row, Sheffield."
Halliday.
F, no.
2.
Fro/// a Plate
/'//
YORKSHIRE.
181
MALTON.
FARTHING.
119.
O MALTON
& esto
The
just).
Unknown.
issuer of this token, in adopting the motto, inferred that it was of just weight, and All efforts to trace the name of the issuer have failed. therefore the public were served.
SHEFFIELD.
PENNY.
for public 120. O Bust (George III) draped and laureated. accommodation Sheffield On the shoulder h The nose of the effigy lines to the d in accommodation and there are two projecting
laurel leaves in the wreath.
a ship in Britannia seated to left, with her attributes Jfc the distance, one penny token 1812 The centre barb of tridentis under the foot of the t and there are six leaves in the olive branch Halliday. held by Britannia.
;
Sharp 205,
8.
The
is
not known.
is
121. O Similar, but the h on the shoulder is omitted, and there one projecting laurel leaf in the wreath. 9> Similar, but the centre barb of trident is under the o and R. Unknown. there are nine leaves in the olive branch.
Workhouse,
122. 81 2-
181
2.
overseers of the pooreaves of the building at the left lines between the r and of overseers The base line at the right lines to the first limb of
The
in poor-
^
pedestal.
Justice
standing,
with scales
On
9.
the right,
h
Sharp 205,
123. O Similar, but the eaves of the building at the left lines to the last limb of the r in overseers The base line at the right is belozv the R in poor-
& As
last.
182
124. 0- Similar, but the eaves lines to the centre of the r seers and the base lines to the centre of the r in poor9>
over
As
last.
125.
O As
Ijk
last.
Similar,
is
omitted.
R.
Halliday.
1813.
A view of a building and legend as before, but dated 1813eaves of the building at the left lines between the r and s of overseers The base line of the building at the right is opposite the The centre bar to the door is extended to first limb of R in poorthe masonry, and there is only one rail projecting on either side of
126.
The
the building. 9> Justice standing, legend as before, with h on the base at the right the first laurel leaf at the bottom is partly hidden by the arm of the figure. Plate K, no. 17.
;
127. O Similar, but the centre bar to the doorway extends only to the cross bar. > Similar, but the first laurel leaf is fully exhibited.
128.
overseers The centre bar extends to the masonry, and there are two rails projecting on either side of the building.
#>
As
last.
129. O As last, but the base line is opposite the last limb of the r in poorOnly one rail projects on either side of the building, and no cross bars to the gate. 9> Similar, but the first laurel leaf partly hidden by the arm of the figure the left foot does not come to the edge of the pedestal as previously, the h on the pedestal is omitted.
;
Similar, but only four perpendicular bars to the gate, the omitted. #> Similar, but the first laurel leaf is exhibited, and the h again appears on the pedestal.
130.
long'one
is
131. O Similar, but the eaves lines to the centre of the r six perpendicular bars, the base line is between the limbs of the r in poorand the bar in the centre extends to the top of the door two projecting rails on either side of the building. 9> Similar, but the h on the pedestal omitted.
;
132.
O As
V
last.
is
on the pedestal
at the right.
YORKSHIRE.
133.
last
183
O Similar, but the base line of the building is opposite the limb of r in poor9> Similar, but without the initial on the pedestal.
1815.
before, but The eaves at the left in line with the s of overseers dated 1815The base line of the building is opposite the last limb of r in poor9= Similar to preceding, but y & d on the pedestal at the left, the first leaf of laurel \s partly hidden by the arm of Justice.
134.
O View of
Sheffield
135.
in poor-
O Similar
of
Similar to
last,
but the
Halliday.
The Westbar Pump
136.
stands on the site of the old
Workhouse represented on
the token.
female standing, similar to preceding reverse, but bethe legend is omitted, and there is no initial on the pedestal. I& one penny token within a mixed wreath of oak and laurel, h on the laurel leaf opposite the n in token R. Halliday.
tween
laurel
Shield of the
137.
Town
Trust.
Crown, but without the oak and palm branches under the arms, Sheffield Legend, payable at S- HOBSON & SON'S- BUTTON MANUFACTURERSas described on the Half
;
O Arms
> Britannia seated to the left, with her attributes, a ship in the distance under the shield h Legend, one penny token 18 12 Incuse on a raised band.
;
Sharp 205,
6.
138.
O As
#>
is
last. last,
Similar to
Halliday.
of 1797.
This token
O View of Iron Mills under, a pyramid of cannon balls, one, two and three between two cannons. Legend, phoznix iron-works Sheffield The lips of the cannon at the right, line to end of the
139.
;
small door in the wall. 9> Justice standing with her attributes, between a corded bale and a cask labelled s j & c crowbar and two chisels on the ground. Legend, one penny token 181 3 The hilt of the sword totiches the centre cord of the bale, the right-hand beam of the scales line to the foot of the t in token Plate F, no. 3.
184
140. O Similar, but the centre of the small door in last it is plain. & Similar, but the corded square on the bale beam of scales lines to the
These works are
still
lip
hilt of
were Longden & Gregory, afterwards Longden, Walker the works Longden & Co.
The proprietors who issued the token & Co. The present occupiers of
Sharp 205.
12.
last,
143. O Similar, but with an emission of smoke from nine chimneys, and the flagstaff displays its flag. the scale 9= Similar, but without the Y & d on the bale balance is exhibited, whereas in the last it is not seen ; the point of sword is over the space between the two first numerals of date.
;
Halliday.
1813.
144.
and the
&
sword
145.
is
Similar, but dated 18 13 On the bale Y & D over the centre of the 8 in date.
Sharp 205,
13.
The
point of
O
9.
smoke from
seven chim-
neys.
As
last.
last.
146.
G As
the cross bar at the hilt of the sword is smaller and does not extend to the base line which it does in the last.
Similar, but
YORKSHIRE.
147.
185
Similar,
but
with
an
emission
of
smoke from
is
eight
chimneys.
fy Similar to last, but the point of sword the 8 in date at the right.
Shaw, Jobson & Co. were the issuers of the tokens. In 1887 the works were carried on by Barker & Sylvester the patterns of their stove grate business were afterwards purchased by H. E. Hoole. The building has since been dismantled to make room for City improvements, but two streets newly made are named Roscoe Road and Jobson
;
Road.
From a medal
HALFPENNY.
148. 0- Bust of Lord Nelson to left in naval uniform. On the ribbon of the order of the garter, a medal. Legend, England expects every man to do his duty There is a band of braid on the collar of the coat.
N?
1 8 bird
NORFOLK
ROW
(the domestic
cock)
SHEFFIELD under
149.
O Similar
9>
As
last.
Plate
F, no.
4.
150.
0-
As
last.
right.
Legend,
T.
WyOfl.
Sharp 211,
4.
B B
186
View of factory warehouses, with gateway and office 151. entrances. Legend, roscoe place Sheffield On the base line of the building at the left y & d Also under the base line the y & d is repeated.
female seated on a corded case, labelled s j & c In fy her right hand a pair of scales, in her left a cornucopia of fruit a ship in the distance. There is no sword on the ground. Legend, HALFPENNY TOKEN l8l2 Haffiday.
;
Plate
F, no.
5.
Younge & Deakin were merchants and button manufacturers, in Union Street, Sheffield. The dies for the tokens, and their production, were the work of Thomas Halliday and Sir Edward Thomason, of Birmingham. It is evident that there was an understanding that The initials on token the initials of Younge & Deakin were to be punched on the dies.
no. 151 are those of Shaw, Jobson
&
Co.,
who,
at the time,
SOWERBY BRIDGE.
COPPER.
152.
n?
R.r.r.
YORK.
FARTHING.
153. O A cupid-arm, in the hand an PEACE AND ALLIANCE > YORK FARTHING 1814
olive
branch.
Legend,
Unknown.
Plate
F, no.
6.
187
WALES.
BRECKNOCKSHIRE.
BRECKNOCK.
SHILLING.
SILVER.
1. O Arms (of Brecknock). A robe corded and tasselled. breck nock silver token for xn pence The t of token is over the centre
of the robe.
for all parts of the kingdom in three curved lines. A ornament under kingdom Legend, payable at george norths general waggon warehouse The s in parts lines to the g in waggon and is quite free of that letter.
=
scroll
Plate K,
2. O Similar to the robe. 9> Similar to
no. 18.
last,
last,
but the
s in
parts
intersects the
in
waggon
Halliday.
In Mr. Bowles' cabinet.
George North was a carrier between Brecknock and London George Coach Office, Snow Hill, Holborn.
his
house of
call,
the
188
CARMARTHENSHIRE.
CARMARTHEN.
SHILLING.
SILVER.
Crest, a crowing cock between sprigs of laurel. Legend, On the first laurel leaf at the left h There are three berries in the olive branch at the right.
1.
Carmarthen token
xii
pence 181
no. 19.
on
either side.
Plate K,
2. O Similar to the right. B>
last,
As
crest
last.
R.r.
family.
The
agents, Foster,
The
their
London
in a
beaded
circle.
Legend, carmar
l8l
band, which is inscribed twelve pence Legend, robert waters & Robert waters + Unknown. R.r.
xii within a
Co.
This bank stopped payment in the London agents, Barclay & Co.
&
PENNY.
COPPER.
a chough (jackdaw) 4. O Arms argent, a castle triple towered on each of the side towers, between ostrich feathers base, a lion passant gardant, all in a circle. Legend, Carmarthen + penny + The horizontal bars of the gateway are fixed to reach the centre, the
;
filled in.
Co
payable by w- Griffiths & cask within a wreath of oak. There are twenty-eight leaves in the wreath at the left.
Sharp
192,
2.
5.
O As
9>
last.
left.
6.
gateway
is
barred to the
top.
& As
CARMARTHENSHIRE.
7.
189
O
9>
windows are also barred, the birds are larger. Similar, but with twenty-seven leaves in the wreath at the
Plate
F, no.
7.
left.
R.
8.
Similar to
last,
and the birds are smaller. R PAYABLE BY WILL^ MOSS CARMARTHEN - SWANSEA - AND AT jacob & halse London 181 3 within a wreath of oak and acorns.
Halliday.
Sharp
192,
1.
&
Halse.
1,
The
firm last
&
Crescent, Jewin
190
DENBIGHSHIRE.
GLANCLYDWEDOG.
PENNY.
COPPER
ing.
of a mill showing a bell at the end of the higher buildLegend, glanclywedog factory Under the building 1813 9> one penny token in a circle. Legend, one pound note Halliday. for 240 tokens
1.
O View
Plate
F, no.
8.
191
FLINTSHIRE.
SHILLING.
SILVER.
1.
O Arms,
;
sable,
two keys
in saltire.
plumes
12
{sic)
1811
>
bank
token
Under,
in
script
J & ^f &
fy
Above, a Staffordshire knot. Legend, Flintshire one The top of the does not extend beyond the k in bank
shilling
The com-
mencement of
2.
8f
tottches
the
Boyne
79.
The com-
mencement of
3.
'>
<P omitted,
and a Staffordshire
of the lower knot
The end
bank
Boyne 8a
to the o in
one
R.
Halliday.
5.
O Arms,
shilling.
similar legend,
Similar to no.
3,
Holywell and Flintshire Bank has issued silver tokens of shillings and sixpences, The device on one side is the County arms, and the Prince to the standard of the dollar. of Wales' crest, bearing the date of the 12th of August, 181 1 : on the reverse 'Flintshire Bank Token,' with the value." Bath Chronicle, Sept. 14th, 181 1. Oakley & Company were the bankers, and their London agents, Ramsbottom & Co.
"The
FLINT.
PENNY.
COPPER
7. O View of mills showing eight chimneys, mast and rigging of Legend, flint lead works 181 a vessel laying to by a crane. The first and fifth chimneys from the left do not emit smoke, the third is built from the ground, there are seven stays to the masts. Legend, one pound note for 9> one penny token in a circle. The top of p in penny lines to the last limb of n in 240 tokens pound The figure 4 is without a crosslet.
Plate
F, no. 10.
192
8.
9.
in
pound
R.
10. Similar, but the fifth chimney from the left is the only one which does not emit smoke, and the third is built over with brickwork at the bottom there are eight stays to the masts. 9> Similar, but the top of p lines to the second limb of u and
;
and shrouds added. no emission of smoke from the first and fourth chimneys from the left. The third chimney built to the ground. The summit of the mast touches the first limb of r in works # Similar, but the top of p in penny lines to the last limb of the n in pound The figure 4 is without a crosslet. R.
12.
There
is
13. Similar, but the third chimney from the left is built over with brickwork at the bottom the first and fifth chimneys do not emit smoke.
;
14.
Similar to
last,
the fifth chimney from the left is the only one the summit of the mast does not quite
;
15. Similar, but there are ten chimneys, the fourth, sixth and ninth from the left do not emit smoke, the summit of the mast only All by Halliday. reaches the last limb of r in works
These lead smelting mills had been long established when the tokens were issued. writer of the Bazaar articles says " In fact there is said to be no safety in attempting to limit their antiquity. The works passed into the hands of Roskell, Tipton and Co. by which firm, or their successors (Roskell, Williamson and Co.) we believe the token was issued. The Flint Lead Works are now absorbed in the more extensive Alkali Works of Muspratt Bros, and Huntley."
The
193
GLAMORGANSHIRE.
MERTHYR TYDVIL.
SHILLING.
SILVER.
1. O View of a foundry with six windows, smoking chimneys, an elevator at the right, all in a circle, surrounded by a laurel wreath. No legend. & merthyr 5 Sep- 1811 Ornaments divide the legend. The ones in date slope R. Plate F, no. n.
2.
Also
in
Copper.
R.r.
3.
O
9>
Similar, but with an additional window in the foundry. Similar, but the ones in the date are flat. R.r. Similar, but the laurel wreath
is
4.
O
9=
omitted.
As
no.
1.
In the
5.
Murdoch
collection of tokens.
O View
9.
i.
Legend, merthyr
th
5
.
sep
in
wales
below the m in merthyr whereas in the last with the flrst limb of that letter. R.r.
7.
0-
was
in line
Halliday.
of Wales' plumes, merthyr silver token Legend, TO facilitate trade change being scarce 181 1 The tops of the ones in date are flat. 9 BY MORG- LEWIS MORG- MORGAN DAVID WILLIAMS W~ WILLIAMSmerthyr tidvil A sprig of palm over merthyr tidvil Legend, A Both letters POUND NOTE GIVEN FOR 20 OF THESE SILVER TOKENS of by are under the figures 20
The
Prince
for 12 pence
Plate
8.
K, no. 20.
^
in the
R.r.r.
c c
194
NEATH.
SHILLING.
9.
Legend, payable at h rees's & d morgan's The first flag post at the left is supported by two stays. 9= 12 pence 1811 in a circle. Legend, neath silver token
sides,
Boyne
10.
154.
is
first
flag post at
the
left.
^ As
11.
R.
12.
O
>
betzveen l
Similar, but the roof line of the building at the left lines and e in payable instead of to the l
As
last.
R.
13.
S?
O
#>
Legend,
R.r.
6th, 1827.
march
181
He was
an ironmonger.
SIXPENCE.
14.
O
9>
tower as no.
7.
d-
morgan's
On
the ground
six
hh
Legend, neath silver
Plate
TOKEN
15.
O As
9>
1
last.
march
1 is
Halliday.
in brass,
This
and
in
Mr.
Bliss' cabinet.
SWANSEA.
SHILLING.
16. 0- View of Swansea Castle, showing a flagstaff on each tower, houses at the sides. No legend. s Vi payable at s- padleys & I- andrews within a laurel wreath. pence Halliday. Legend, Swansea silver token for xii
Boyne
217.
Sylvanus Padley, wine and spirit merchant in the Strand, was one of the principal inhabitants of Swansea, and occupied several public positions.
GLAMORGANSHIRE.
;
195
but the tall tower shows 17. O Similar view of Swansea Castle Swansea a weather vane, and the houses at the sides are omitted.
TOKEN FOR
XII
&
payable
by-
john
Halliday.
century, In that
in this,
Boyne 218. The design of this piece was taken from John Voss's token of the eighteenth by Thomas Wyon illustrated in Pye 46, 1, and described by Conder 36, 2. instance, as was the custom, the edge is inscribed payable ON DEMAND whereas
;
as
the case in most of the silver tokens of the nineteenth century, the pledge is inscribed on the face of the coin. Ten cwt. of the halfpenny tokens were issued. John Voss, of the Golden Key, circulated a large quantity of his silver shillings.
is
PENNY.
COPPER.
A star above and below in a circle. Legend, 18. O one penny nantrhydnyvilas air furnace C-A star ornament above and below in a circle. 9> 18 1 3 The ornament over Legend, payable at Swansea & morristonthe date is under the s and e in Swansea
Sharp
194,
1.
19.
in
is
that the Air Furnace Company was The writer of the established by the Bevans of Morriston, near Swansea, for the purpose of profitably utilising the slag thrown out of the smelting works at Landore.
O one penny token A quatrefoil above and below. Legend, SWANSEA AND SOUTH WALES- I 8 I 3 An ornaP> BY L- W- DILLWYN T- BEVINGTON AND J- BEVINGTON ment under the second bevington Legend, payable at the cam brian pottery Swansea + Halliday.
20.
Sharp
194, 2.
The Cambrian Pottery was on the river Tawe, where the North Dock now is. The Cambrian Potteries were erected in the Strand, Swansea, and pottery first made In 1802 L. W. Dillwyn became sole proprietor. there in 1780. The opaque porcelain at these potteries " delineated natural history, birds, butterflies and flowers. The ware became remarkable for its beautiful and truthful paintings." A plate, painted in wild roses, in the South Kensington Museum, is marked Dillwyn & Co.
Mr. Richard Drane, of Cardiff, says " there were two Bevingtons, Quakers ; one was part proprietor of the works, and the other commercial representative or traveller." trident is one of the marks found on Cambrian pottery. Chaffers says "The name of Bevington is occasionally found on pieces of recent manufacture, but we have no information respecting him." Marks and Monograi7is on Pottery and Porcelain, lotked., 1903, p. 929. The Swansea penny, issued by Dillwyn and T. & J. Bevington, shows conclusively that the latter were potters as early as 18 13.
196
MONMOUTHSHIRE.
ABERCARNE.
SHILLING.
COPPER.
ONE SHILLING N - Legend, ABERCARNE IRON WORKS 1. SAMUEL GLOVER #> I PROMISE TO PAY THE BEARER ON DEMAND A ONE POUND NOTE FOR TWENTY OF THESE PIECES UnktlOlVtl.
Plate K,
no. 9.
197
MONTGOMERYSHIRE.
WELSHPOOL.
SHILLING.
SILVER.
1.
O 1813
>
Unknown.
no.
4.
Plate M,
The
1
issuer
was
also a
County banker.
He was
declared bankrupt on
November
12th,
8 16.
Lo?tdon Gazette.
198
PEIVJ
BROKESH
RE.
HAVERFORDWEST,
SHILLING.
SILVER.
towered; issuant from the centre, a herald each of the side towers, a flagstaff and c-. flag. HAVERFORD WEST SILVER TOKEN FOR 1 2 PENCE l8ll 9> PAYABLE AT MESS- THOMAS & PHILLIPS DAVID JARDINE JOHN lloyd & w & j- Phillips Not in a circle. Legend, one pound note for 20 tokens Halliday.
1.
0-
castle triple
On
Plate
The
F, no. 13.
issuers of this token were the principal tradesmen, to supply the public with necessary change.
who formed
a private
company
199
SCOTLAND.
AYRSHIRE.
TWO SHILLINGS AND
SILVER.
1.
SIXPENCE.
O Bust
#>
to right,
georgivs-
p-
Arms.
The
order of St.
g d- i 799 (Georgius Princeps Under the bust, Milton George and motto, Honi soit qui
s;
First, England four shields, crowned. and Scotland impaled, difference by a label of three points second, France; third, Ireland; fourth, Hanover; between each the Prince Legend, br- l- pr- e reg- so pr et- sen cor- dux of Wales' plumes. (Brunsvicensis Lunenburgensis. Princeps et Regni Scotise Princeps
et Senescallus.
Cornubia Dux.)
Boyne
24, 16.
2.
Also
in in
Gold.
3.
Also
Copper.
Also
in
White Metal.
R.r.
Similar to no.
1,
except
in size,
&
under the
bust.
6.
Also
in
in in
Gold.
7. 8. 9.
Also Also
Copper.
White Metal.
Piece, of the obverse of no.
O
9=
Trial
name, and
in
Blank.
R.r.r.
Plate
10.
no. 13.
over the
This
Similar to no. 5, but the apex of the Hanoverian shield is 1 of honi instead of over the space between honi soit R.
is
as a halfpenny.
200
The obverse of
muled with
1L
left
resting
on a shield charged with St. Andrew and his cross, a thistle at the right. Scotia rediviva At the left m on the ground. Ex. 17 Cf^97
PLATE
*'
na
I4
Milton.
Davis' Sale, Sotheby, Wilkinson &* Hodge, March 14, 1901, no. 578. This reverse die was engraved for Colonel Fullarton, who issued the Wallace Halfpenny Token, vide Atkins 299, I.
12. A female standing, holding her robes in her right hand, dropping with her left herbs into a still, a plant at the right, hygeia preparing velnos' vegetable syrup* In the exergue, p- R.r. Milton and Ponthon.
Plate
I,
no.
15.
13.
O
5k
Similar to no.
Sunder
the bust
R.r.r.
omitted,
Similar, but legend reads regni scotle senes callvs
Plate
I,
no. 12.
SIXPENCE.
14.
15.
Similar to no.
i,
except
in size,
bust.
R.r.r.
Boyne
25, 19.
Also
Also
in
Gold.
16.
in
in
Copper.
17
lot 373,
Also
White Metal.
in the Murdoch Collection, and sold in the Scottish Series, by Sotheby Wilkinson &* Hodge, on the 13th of May, 1903. The degree of rarity
applies to original specimens. The original half crown and eighteenpence may be identified by the absence of the flaw under the bust. The restrikes are on thick instead of thin flans. The illustrations on Plate I are from originals. Subsequently to the restriking by Matthew Young, the dies were taken to the late W. J. Taylor, who supplied the tokens to order as required, and those in gold are of yet more recent striking. Sharp says " The dies for this rare token were made for COLONEL Fullarton, afterthe object not being wards Governor of Trinidad, under the direction of Mr. Young mentioned at the time by Colonel Fullarton, but it afterwards appeared the coins were intended for circulation as shilling tokens in Scotland, the sanction of the Prince of Wales having been previously obtained. The late Sir Joseph Banks happening to see the dies whilst in the possession of Milton, was so struck by the resemblance of the design to the National silver coin, and the illegality of the Royal Arms being thus assumed by the Prince upon a piece intended to be current, that he cautioned the artist against further proceeding, since he might be liable to a charge little short of High Treason. In consequence, the project was abandoned, only a few proofs being struck, and those in copper." Sir George Chetwynd, quoting this, states "for the same purpose dies were prepared for the striking of shillings smaller than those for the halfpenny, which they resemble in every other respect, except the legend of the reverses. few pieces were struck in Silver for presents. Dies were also prepared for half crowns and sixpences exactly like the halfpenny, size only excepted. It does not appear that any impressions, except a very few in soft metal, were taken off at the time but afterwards there were some struck in silver from the dies which were in Mr. Young's possession."
: ; :
201
BERWICKSHIRE.
DUNS.
FARTHING.
LEAD.
1.
Unknown.
Museum.
2.
O ECCLES
fy
blank
18 1 R.r.r.
Neumann
24923.
D D
202
EDINBURGHSHIRE.
EDINBURGH.
LEAD.
1.
FARTHING.
O
9>
Plate K,
2.
no. 21.
O
fy
(Lawn Market)
R.r. Neumann
24839.
3.
O
>
Wm
CALDER EDINBURGH
R.r. Neumann 24840.
4.
O
9>
S-
Neumann
5.
24843.
O
fy
star,
d-
Two
pipes in
(sic)
market-
R.r.
6.
9>
24863.
7.
D-
>
edinr- 1806
COPPER.
8.
payable at 289
This
is
R.r.
9.
0-
$k
john Steele's tin & oil shop PAYABLE 2 24 * CANON GATE * R.r.
Atkins 321, 112.
LEAD.
10.
O An
9=
J-
dominus frustrat-
crest, an anchor, ancient gateway in a shield (It is vain without the Lord.) R.r. b- c 1821;
nisi
is
oval,
and
in white metal.
EDINB URGHSHIRE.
11.
203
O
$>
J-
WILL
R.r. Neumann 24883.
j
12.
O
9>
A jug
within a
circle,
COWGATE FARTHING
WISEF-
R.r.
13.
O ALEX?
9>
edin? 1806
R.r.
Unknown.
Neumann
24885.
DALKEITH.
FARTHING.
LEAD.
14.
O
9>
J-
15.
O A
>
Plate K,
16.
no. 22.
O
9.
JA?
WHITE DALKEITHR.r.
Batty
1
1806
153.
ESKMILLS.
FARTHING.
LEAD.
17.
O WIL? JAKSON-
PAPIN-
^ ESK
MILL l8l2
R.r.
Neumann
LEITH.
FARTHING.
LEAD.
18.
O JOHN EGGO
9>
leith 1806
R.r.
Neumann
24898.
COPPER.
19.
O leith w m Christie An ornament above and below leith 9> one farthing i 8 19
Plate
F, no. 15.
LEAD.
20.
O
9=
R.r.
24860.
Neumann
204
21.
W W
R.r.
Atkins 323, 139.
22.
O
ft
LEITH-
The two
23.
last are
JAS-
R
24.
leith
POLLOCK + 1806
LEITH
R.r.
R NORTH
R.r.
Neumann
24915.
MUSSELBURGH.
FARTHING.
LEAD.
25.
O 1805 MUSSELBURGH
9>
COWANS FARTHING
R.r.
24892
W ray
1805
R
28.
A
s
scroll
date.
no.
17.
O m
V*
Sf
1806
The
last
two are
in
205
FiFESHIRE.
DUNFERMLINE.
FARTHING.
COPPER.
1.
O
9>
j-
kirk
An
ornament below
LIMEKILNS.
FARTHING.
LEAD.
2.
$o
LIMEKILNS-
3.
O As
9=
last,
An
SHIP
206
FORFARSHIRE.
DUNDEE.
SHILLING.
SILVER.
1.
of
the
scotia we come
donum
to
a sunk oval, the arms and motto, dei (The gift of God) of Dundee. The end of the sword points
in
MOUNTAINS
ruin.
O View of a
j-
wright jun
Over
2.
Ex. broughty castle the ruin the date 1797 Plate M, no. 5.
R.r.
Also
-
in
Copper.
3.
As
last.
View of the Cross. Dundee silver medal price one shilling At the sides of the Cross, w des Under, cross taken down
fy
1777
4.
R.r.r.
Also
in
Copper.
R.r.r.
Norman's
5.
sale, 419,
Sotheby, Wilkinson
& Hodge,
to the t in
mountains
6.
Plate
no. 16.
Also
in
Copper.
R.r.
collector,
Wyon.
and was ardent in his efforts to obtain issuers of eighteenth century tokens. He wrote the preface for James Conder, and, in an able article, under the nom de plume of" Civis," in the Gentleman's Magazine, 1796, said "Excepting the Coins of the Romans, there has nothing occurred parallel to these
within so short a period, since the eras of the independent State of Greece, every City had its distinct Coinage."
when almost
BRECHIN,
halfpenny.
copper.
7.
O West view
1
east mill
BRECHIN
80 I
Plate
8.
O As
9>
last.
last,
Similar to
church
Willets.
E. payable by smith
Smith
and wilson
+ + +
&
207
HADDINGTONSHIRE.
PRESTONPANS.
FARTHING.
LEAD.
1.
O G
9=
208
INVERNESS-SHIRE.
Bracteate Tokens of the Highlands,
twopence.
BRASS.
1.
i'll
pay
2-
pence g
beverly
crown above, a
i.
thistle
below,
all
PENCE G BEVERLY
2.
in
a Cable
circle.
Plate N,
3.
I
no.
Promife
R.r.
to
fter in-
gray 1758
in
circle.
Four stars above ANGUS 4. angus m^ donell william fraser Outer legend, we promise to- pay- y b bearer on demand 2 Pence all within an oval. R.r.
.
Plate N,
no.
4.
"William Fraser was a merchant in Fort William, in 1744, thereafter vintner Inverness." Inverness-shire Antiquarian Notes, by C. Fraser Mackintosh, F.S.A.
5.
I
in
Promife
R.r.
to
W
fter
M9
Intosh*
in
circle.
6.
1
Promife
circle.
to
alex mc pherson
76 1 in a
In Mr. Fletcher's cabinet. In the manuscript catalogue of the Banks Collection in the British that this token was received as currency at Fort William in 1787.
7.
I
Museum,
it is
noted
PENCE D M c VICAR
in
a cable
circle.
at
Fort Augustus in
1768."
i'll
pellets,
Three
no.
8.
castles
9.
The same
last,
In the British
Museum.
The Banks manuscript catalog-ue in the British Museum notes that the tokens A. Stewart were received as currency at Port Augustus in 1789.
209
LANARKSHIRE.
GLASGOW.
PENNY.
COPPER.
1. O View of a building showing front warehouses with gateway, a factory at the left there are nine chimneys phcenix iron-works Glasgow Under the base line y & d There is no smoke seen from the second chimney from the right end of the building. 9> Justice standing between a corded case and a cask, labelled between the first and second hoops, s and between the second and third, s- j & c The figure of Justice has in her right hand a sword in her left, a pair of scales three chisels by a crowbar, on the ground, coins by the case one penny token 1813 The point of the sword is under the last limb of the first n in penny The left foot of the figure is over the second one in date. Plate F, no. 17.
; ;
;
2. O Similar, but smoke is emitted from all the nine chimneys the fourth from the end of the building at the right is under the space
between r and k
9>
in
works
hilt
Similar to last, but the initials on the cask are omitted', the of the sword does not touch the case, two chisels by the crowbar.
Sharp 228,
1.
3.
O As
9>
last.
Similar, but the hilt of the sword again touches the case, the foot of the figure points to the last numeral of date, only one chisel
by the crowbar.
4.
O
9,
building
chimney from the right end of the under the first limb of k in works
last. last.
As
5.
O As
>
in
tzoo chisels
sword is under the centre of the first by the crowbar, the position of
Halliday.
writer of the Bazaar Articles, says " The Phcenix Iron Works appear to have been established in Glasgow at the commencement of the present (nineteenth) century by Thomas The Phcenix Iron Foundry is situate Edington .... the works are still actively carried on. at 94, Garsube Road (corner of Anne Street), Glasgow."
The
E E
210
O D BONE
>
GLASGOW
1806
The
c
-
last
numeral
& G!
detrited.
O JOHN M MILLAN
#>
TOBACCONIST + GLASGOW- +
-l8l6R.
Unknown.
CALTON.
FARTHING.
8.
"
9.
pair of scales, henry reid + 1815 TEAS- SPIRITS WINES- & GROCERIES-
calton
Unknown.
Plate
F, no. 14.
O
fy
Similar,
As
last.
R.
Atkins 320, 102.
10.
O
>
CALTON-
R.
Atkins 320, 103.
Lionel L. Fletcher,
" These tokens are wrongly attributed by Mr. Atkins to Edinburgh." Spink's Circular, Jan. 1903.
HAMILTON.
FARTHING.
11 O HAMILTON RETAILERS TOKEN
$0
Unknown.
211
PEEBLESHIRE.
FARTHING.
LEAD.
1.
O ROBT FRAZER
fy
PEEBLES
813
Three
fishes in fess
dealer
Unknown.
Scotland was famous for its farthing tokens. There are described in Atkins' Tokens of the Eighteenth Century, no less than 136, but he says "some of them may belong to the nineteenth century." Probably many of them do, but to recognise these where no value or date is expressed, would open a wide door for the inclusion of many doubtful pieces.
212
RELAN D.
Co.
DUBLIN.
DUBLIN.
SHILLING.
SILVER.
female robed and seated to left on a rock, supporting on shoulder a caduceus, her right hand pointing to a merchant vessel on the prow, i (Ireland). Ex. The countermark, a harp No legend. crowned. Above the word for a ] for one British shilling 1 804 Legend, sold by clark west small countermark of Hibernia.
1.
her
left
;
and
R.
Plate M,
no.
6.
withotit the
countermarks on obverse
3.
O
9=
figure.
omitted.
Boyne
6.
R.r.r.
Hancock.
are similar to those of the Dublin Assay Office of the time, but without Aq. Smith says " Clarke and West, wholesale goldsmiths and jewellers, resided This long established firm is now represented by Messrs. at No. 9, Capel Street, in 1804. West and Son, 18 and 19, College Green."
The countermarks
the letters.
robed female figure seated to right on a mound, holding Legend, confidence augments the value ffl 6 (Irish Bullion Company) Under the figure an oval, inscribed
4.
British shilling d 2- 16 G- (2 dwts. 16 grains). fy for one Legend, sold by the irish bullion c Hall marks on either side of d 2- 16 g. The o in one lines to the b in by R.r.
5.
R.r.
Plate M,
6.
no.
7.
Similar to no. 4, but the d and g? and the period after one omitted, the o in one lines to the space between by R.r. Hancock. Plate M, no. 8. These three tokens were made at Peter Kempson's manufactory, Birmingham.
Aq. Smith was under the impression that this reverse was the same as no. from repeated lapping; this is not so, as will be seen on reference to the
the reverses in plate
4,
illustration of
M.
^/.>Ka..sS).
a^r-
^~^/L<^__
y^-^^/^t
From
Jut In
DUBLIN.
7.
0-
213
tripod altar with burning incense, entwined by a serpent, DWT left, and a celestial globe at the right. 2
20^! sterling Legend, public happiness 1804 9> A female figure supporting a crown, above a cippus inscribed, HEALTH TO THE KING Legend, PRO BONO PUBLICO
Boyne
8.
23, 8.
O As
B>
last.
cippus in
"
much
is
:
F, no. 18.
the scarcity of silver in Dublin that it is customary to pay iod. for change Bath Chronicle, Sep. 24, 181 2. of a i. note. The state of the silver coinage in Ireland was worse in 1804 than in 1812, when this
So great
'
PENNY.
COPPER.
9. O Hibernia seated to left, a harp pawnbrokers office bishot s?
#>
at her side,
payable at the
the
The monogram
Below,
W & 0$
Atkins
<$
Above
monogram,
penny TOKEN
The
10.
1804
of parliament
OSSOp.
initials
are those of
W.
F. Bently
& Company,
O Bust
to left laureated,
on the shoulder
parkes
Legend,
WELLINGTON
& VICTORY
1814
robed female seated to left on a rock, with spear and ft olive branch, a shield, bearing the Irish harp at her side, a ship in On the ground I p fthe distance edw d bewley 1816 Parkes.
The
issuer
was a grocer
at 35,
Rolling Mills.
11. O View of the interior of a rolling mill showing two men at work, and a large fly-wheel one penny token In the exergue, jhilles dublin The last cog in the wheel is clear of the man's
;
head
at the right.
,
A
18
1
sprig
of shamrocks,
Sharp
payable
237,
1.
in
bank of Ireland
notes12.
last
cog
wheel
is
Jiidden
Sharp 237,
Plate
F, no. 19.
James Hilles, wholesale iron merchant, Abbey Street, was free of the six cent, duty in the Customs House, Dublin. Wilson's Dublin Directory, 1799.
214
13. 0- Crest, a cock upon a wreath in a circle, merchants above Legend, for the use of his own establishmentstores below. The o of of is over the centre of the m in merchants 1813& token in a circle, james's above, street below. Legend, edward Stephens's Dublin The second t in street is over the last limb of the n in Dublin The ceriphs or tops of the ones in date
;
point to the
14.
left.
R.r.
Plate
F, no. 20.
O
&
Similar, but both letters of of are over the Similar, but the t is over the centre of the
m
n
in in
merchants
Dublin
Halliday.
15.
O
fy
Similar, but the ceriphs to the ones in date point to the right,
Similar, but james's omitted
Sharp
264,
from above.
2.
Under
james's street
16.
Crest, a cock, a
much
Legend, for the use of his own establishment 1813 harp of nine strings surmounted by a royal crown. > A R.r.r. E STEPHENS DUBLIN
Sharp
264,
1.
This rare piece is from a pattern by Halliday, and was rejected a circle, with the additional legend.
17. O Bust to left laureated, in military uniform. Wellington & erin go bragh (Ireland forever) 1 813 The projecting laurel leaf points to the & There is a button on the epaulet strap. A harp of nine strings surmounted by a royal crown. e Stephens Dublin- The arch of the crown is decorated with nine
teen pearls.
Plate
18.
F, no. 21.
Similar,
but the
projecting
Sharp
laurel
1.
leaf
points to the n in
WELLINGTON
238,
19.
silver
The same
in silver
R.r.r.
in a
This was in the possession of Aq. Smith, and described tokens in 1855.
20. Similar, but the top of the cross is directly under the upright limb of p in Stephens- whereas in the former it is slightly at the
right.
This
R.r.r.
is in tin,
March
15th, 1901.
DUBLIN.
21.
215
O
Tfc
the crown.
R.r.
Plate
I,
Halliday.
no. 22.
1814.
22 O Similar to last, but the bust laureated, dated 18 14 The button on the epaulet strap omitted, the star is over the 8 in date.
& As
last.
23. Similar, but the centre laurel leaf points to the & the button again on the epaulet strap, the star is over 1 and 8 of date.
24.
is
over 8 and
1816.
of date.
25.
Wellington
& erin go
On
the shoulder p
&
Stephens
0-
8 16
Bust laureated, after the antique. 1 parkes on the shoulder 26. the top centre laurel leaf points to & and the end of ribbon to the h
in
BRAGH
#>
Similar to
last,
is
cross on the
crown
but the harp has nine strings the top of under the upright limb of e in Stephens
;
27. O Similar, but the centre laurel leaf points between & and e in erin and the end of ribbon to g in bragh
$ As
28.
last.
last.
;
O As
9>
is
Stephens
the right corner
O
>
Similar, but 1 parkes f on the shoulder. Similar, but with nine strings to the harp
Stephens
30.
O As
last.
&
31.
0-
Similar, but the harp has eight strings, the corner scroll
to the
in
bragh
Parkes.
1
9>
Similar, but the harp has nine strings. Similar, bust to left laureated with bare neck.
;
32.
O
#>
parkes f
on the shoulder
over the head, Wellington Under, erin go bragh Similar to last, a harp with nine strings, etc.
216
33.
Parkes.
Plate
Edwin Stephens was a corn factor and proprietor of the Merchants Stores. 30, West Cole Alley, and one of the few citizens free of custom duty. Wilson's Di?-ectory, 1799.
Bust to Right.
1818.
34. O A laureated and draped bust to the right. Wellington & ERIN GO BRAGH A harp of eight strings surmounted by a royal crown. Ireland 18 1 8 R. Wyon.
1822.
35. O Similar to last, but the bust has long flowing hair. Leo-end. WELLINGTON ERIN GO BRAGH 9> Similar, but dated 1822, and the harp has ten strings.
36.
O As
5k
last.
;
robed female figure seated a trident in her left hand, in her right a laurel sprig, at her side the union shield, a ship in the distance. Above, hibernia Ex. 1822 Unknown.
George
1800.
III.
37. laureated and draped bust to right (George III) with long flowing hair, one penny token The projecting laurel leaf points to the centre of the second n in penny female seated to right in her left hand a sprig of sham rock, her right hand resting on a shield. Ireland 1800 R.
Unknown.
This is a forger)' of the time, and the figure intended for Britannia seated to the right. There can be no doubt that the token was struck Mr. Fletcher has a specimen post-dated 1827. date indicated.
1814.
is
peculiar, as she
later
is
much
than the
38.
O Similar
second n in penny A harp of ten strings surmounted by a royal crown. Ireland 18 14 The tops of the ones in date are flat. R.r.
;
39. O Similar, but the bust is without the long flowing hair w on the shoulder a period after the legend. R.r. Wyon. So Similar to last, but the ones in date slope.
;
DUBLIN.
1819.
217
40.
O Bust
9<
to right,
A
1
harp
hair, laureated and draped. top leaf of laurel points to the y in penny of nine strings surmounted by a royal crown.
The
Ireland
8 19
1820.
Kiichler.
41.
9?
the top
second n
in
penny
1820
42.
Similar, but the top leaf of laurel points to the centre of the
in
second n
This
is
penny
last.
R As
Kiichler.
Bust to Right.
43.
O Bust
to
right
Patrick apos 432 R A harp of nine strings surmounted by a royal crown. Ireland 1806 R. Parkes.
Plate
This tokens of
is
G, no.
1.
struck over
J. Hilles'
Penny
of 1813.
later
make.
:
Bazaar
hath
Referring to the difficulty of recognisng some of the Irish busts, the writer of the " Whose image and Superscription Articles suggests the appropriate legend
it."
44. O Bust laureated to right (George III), luke xx chap- xxv: ver- (And he said unto them, Render therefore unto Cesar the things which be Cesar's).
9>
IRELAND l8l8
1821.
45.
O As
>
last.
46.
in
O As
last.
;
9= female figure seated to left a trident in her left hand, her right an olive branch, the union shield at her side, a ship in hibernia 1822 P. Wyon. the distance,
F F
218
St.
Patrick.
1815.
47.
O Bust unlaureated
to
left,
Patrick
apos 432
robed female figure seated in her left hand a spear, in 51 her right an olive branch, a shield at her side bearing a harp in the distance a ship, hibernia 1815 R. Parkes.
; ;
The
These were made at a later date, as they are found struck over Stephens' tokens of 1818. figures on the tokens represent the year A.D. 432, when it was supposed the Patron Saint of Ireland commenced his mission to convert the pagan Irish to Christianity.
O Bust (Prince of Wales) laureated to left, on the shoulder w Under the bust e- StephensLegend, luke xx chap xxv ver9> A harp with eight strings surmounted by a royal crown
48.
:
IRELAND 18 18
Plate G,
1822.
no.
2.
49.
$>
o As last. As 46 female
;
etc.
Legend, hibernia
1822
Double Obverse.
50.
O As
9=
last.
As
no.
44; bust
to right
(George III)
luke
etc.
R.r.
P. Wyon.
Edmund Burke.
1806.
51.
O Bust
to left unlaureated,
52.
Parkes.
Daniel O'Connell.
53.
O
9>
A large laureated bust to left, irelands advocate A harp of nine strings surmounted by a royal crown
Plate G,
no.
3.
three
DUBLIN.
Without
54. O A harp of nine HIBERNIA 1805
>
219
Busts.
strings,
one penny
in a circle.
Double Reverse.
55. O A harp of nine strings, surmounted by a royal crown, Ireland 1806 The cross on the crown does not touch the orb. > Similar to the obverse, but dated 1805
Some
HALFPENNY.
56. O Hibernia seated to left, her right hand resting on her knee, her left supporting a harp, payable at the pawnbrokers office bishop s T The head of the figure is under p and a of pawnbrokers A flaw runs through the die from b in payable to t in the
9>
ffi
&
LICENCED BY
The obverse
57.
Legend,
Sharp 238,
die failed, which necessitated a
2.
new
one.
of
O Similar to last, but the head of the figure is under the a and pawnbrokers and without the flaw in the die.
9>
As
last.
Mossop.
Plate
G, no.
4.
58. O View of the interior of a rolling mill, showing two men working, and a fly-wheel, halfpenny token above. Ex. y hilles
DUBLIN
>
1
59. O Hibernia seated to right supporting a harp in her right hand, and a cornucopia in her left, halfpenny payable at Under the figure mdccciii & A ship sailing under canvas, the warehouse of nevill & c dublinR.r.r. Mossop.
Plate M,
Custom
dues.
no. 9.
52,
Abbey
Street.
He was exempt
from
220
60.
0-
left,
field
marshal
WELLINGTON
& A harp of nine strings surmounted by a royal crown. hibernia 1805 R. Unknown.
1816.
the illustrious
George
1814.
III.
62.
The
1
O Laureated and draped bust to right, halfpenny token centre laurel leaf points to the y in halfpenny ?= harp of ten strings surmounted by a royal crown. Ireland
8 14
R.
1819.
Unknown.
laurel leaf
is
in
harp with nine strings. Ireland 1819 The scroll of 9> the harp at the right lines to the first limb of the n and the cross touches the l in Ireland
64.
C-
As
last.
Similar, but the scroll of the harp at the right lines to the Kiickler. centre of the n and the cross is quite clear of the l R. The two last tokens, and the pennies of similar design described under nos. 40, 41 and
9=
42, resemble the 1805 regal coinage of Ireland, manufactured at the Soho Mint and engraved by Kiichler. This eminent artist, besides engraving the dies for the regal coinage of 17971807, and the tokens made at Soho for the Bank of England and Bank of Ireland, was perhaps the finest commemorative medal designer this Country has had. Unfortunately, he
which lead to a separation after many years of service. At the time of the quarrel, Kiichler was engaged on a medallion of Boulton, which afterwards was finished by Pidgeon, who received ^300 for the work. Kiichler, at one time carried on business at Bride Court, Fleet Street, as a medal engraver. He died in comparative poverty, and rests in Handsworth Churchyard where there is no stone to perpetuate his memory.
;
65.
to right,
VER-
&
1
Ireland
Kiichler.
82
DUBLIN.
St. Patrick, Apostle.
66.
s
T
221
Patrick
fy
O An unlaureated draped bust to right, a cross on the breast. apostle 432 + The cross is suspended by a chain.
:
Ireland
1806
67.
R.r.
The
cross
Patrick apos 432 On the shoulder p connected to the rosary or necklet by a loop instead of
R.
Plate G,
and the penny
a chain.
$ As
last.
Parkes.
no. 5. of similar design, although dated 1806, were struck
O
#>
A large
halfpenny token
Without Busts. her right hand supporting a harp The hibernia 1804 of eight strings, her left resting on her knee, harp points to the letter a $> for the convenience of trade No inner circle.
69.
O Hibernia seated
to left
Sharp 70.
138,
5.
O
.
TRADE *
R.
5.
supporting in her left hand a harp 71. O Hibernia seated to left Under the harp a of six strings, her right resting on her knee.
shamrock,
9>
1820
trade and navigation Unknown. 72. O A beehive and bees, from industry abundance flows9> A harp of nine strings surmounted by a Royal crown. To the left of the crown e and to the right m c Legend, one halfpenny token 1 8 1 9 R.r.
ship sailing under canvas,
73.
74.
Also
in Silver.
R.r.r.
attributes
;
Mossop.
a ship in the
A
80
the
union
75.
Kiichler.
O Hibernia seated supporting a harp of nine strings. #> A harp of eleven strings surmounted by a royal crown hibernicus 1830 Unknown.
This was struck at an earlier period, although dated 1830.
222
76.
9=
A A
laureated bust to left, george ords token harp of seven strings surmounted by a Royal crown.
Ireland 1834
Although
this
Unknown.
is
token
dated 1834,
it
Pantheon.
77.
0-
West view
pantheon
of a building.
9>
flaw appears
at the p in
pantheon
Atkins 432, 140.
is
very similar token was issued in 1799, but the entrance to the Pantheon has plain instead of panelled doors. The writer of the Bazaar Articles states that the issuer of the token was William Binns, an ironmonger, at the Pantheon, 25, Stephen's Green, which was a stores for the sale of a
variety of articles.
1820.
laureated and armoured bust to left. No legend. The 79. O ribbon from the wreath rests on the shoulder-piece. & A harp of ten strings, 1820 The scroll of the harp is over the space between 8 and 2 of date.
80. Similar, but the harp has nine strings, the scroll of the harp over the 2 in date.
81.
is
is
82.
^
regal
Similar, but the ribbon falls below the shoulder-piece. Similar to last, but the scroll is over the 1 and 8 in date.
Unknown.
These tokens are of rude execution,
in brass or yellow metal,
money circulated during the reign of George III. reason as the 1812 Not Local pieces, to show the debased token issues or forgeries of the period. Breton says there are 25 minute varieties.
83.
and resemble the imitation They are included for the same
dated 1825
R.r.
SWORDS.
84. 0- Hibernia seated to left holding a harp of six strings. FINGALL * HALFPENNY * 1 804 * OR DUBLIN R. MoSSOp. 9? y^Pft? W PAYABLE AT SWORDS
Atkins 345, 168.
85.
1804 *
86.
R.
in Silver,
is
Also
on a thin
Fingall
a district,
2 dwts.
19 grs.
County Dublin.
223
Co.
GALWAY.
MENLOUGH.
SIXPENCE.
COPPER.
1. O A leopard passant gardant, within a garter inscribed virtus sola nobilitat- (Virtue alone ennobles.)
& MENLOUGH
Unknown.
no. 23.
224
KINGS COUNTY.
TULLAMORE.
ONE SHILLING AND ONE PENNY.
COPPER.
1. O Arms, first and fourth quarterly vert, a cross crosslet second and third azure, on a chief indented three mullets, a crescent, over all an escutcheon supporters, two Moors in golden armour crest, the coronet of a viscount; motto, virtus sub cruce crescit (Virtue increases under a cross) over the crest, charleville Under the All within a circle. motto, forest Legend, industry shall prosper- The date 1802 between sprigs of shamrock. There are and the end of the ribbon at ten shamrocks in the sprig at the left the right lines with the terminal of e in prosper > PAYABLE AT TULLAMOORE FIRST TUESDAY IN EACH MONTHAbove payable a rose and branches of shamrock under month all in a circle. olive branches Legend, one shilling and one penny A conventional scroll divides the legend the y in Tuesday lines between p and e of penny and the terminal shamrock at the left is under the o in one
; ; ; ;
;
Plate
2.
G, no.
7.
O Similar
;
at the left
prosper
there
is
9=
to last, but with only eight shamrocks in the sprig and the ribbon at the right, lines to the first limb of e in There are tzvo tassels on the coronet, whereas in the last
only one. Similar, but the top of y in Tuesday lines to the first limb of
R.r.r.
e in penny3.
Tuesday
lines to the p in
penny
Soko Mint.
of T. Wyon.
intended to be those of Charles William Bury, Viscount The token is one of the best executed of the nineteenth Charleville, and Baron Tullamore. century and, fortunately, the finest examples are the commonest variety. Lindsay, Coinage of Ireland, p. 64, says " A proof in copper gilt of a Charleville shilling token, 1802, is in the Dean of St. Patrick's cabinet. But Lindsay's description It is unfortunate that an author, of the' reverse is ONE SHILLING AND ONE PENNYwriting on tokens only 37 years after they were issued, did not obtain the information as to why and under what conditions a copper piece was circulated for about twelve times more than its intrinsic value.The Forest mansion Charleville was born 1764, made a Viscount 1800, died 1835.
crest, etc., are
: 1 '
in 1808.
225
LONDONDERRY.
COLERAINE.
PENNY.
COPPER.
right
female robed and seated to left on a corded bale in her pair of scales, a cornucopia of fruit over her left arm, a harp at the side, a ship in the distance, and a sword on the ground d between the harp and the bale. Legend, w m c
1.
;
hand a
;
KENZ1E
9=
laurel.
Davies.
G G
226
Co.
LOUTH.
DROGHEDA.
HALFPENNY.
COPPER.
1.
HALFPENNY
to
left
supporting a
harp,
leinster
# The monogram
J\^ W
'
(Irish
R.r.
3.
HALFPENNY.
2. tate & lill louth in a rectangle {M. George III halfpence. R.r.
2),
countermarked on
Plate
J,
no.
4.
in the
Countermarked
section.
227
Co.
MAYO.
WESTPORT.
ONE SHILLING.
TIN.
1.
SIXPENCE.
2.
O
9>
THREEPENCE.
3. o Similar, but without the star and crosses in the legend, value threepence ^ Similar, but a period instead of a star after o'clock (M.Si). R.
These three pieces have holes in the centre, Mionnet i, down in proportion. The legends on the tokens very much resemble in character those of Charleville Forest, Kings County. " I much regret that I am unable to give you any satisfactory information about the family 'Tokens.' There is only a vague tradition that, during the last 25 years of the eighteenth century and the first 25 years of the nineteenth century, these were issued in place of money. Those in the eighteenth century would be in the name of Lord Monteagle, Viscount Westport, or the Earl of Altamont, as the Marquisate was not created till 1800. We did not know that any of the tokens existed, and I am much interested to hear that you have some." Earl of Altamont, heir to the Marquis of Sligo, to the author, Jan. 22, 1904.
228
Co.
TYRONE.
STRABANE.
COPPER.
Similar to the Coleraine Penny, female seated, etc., but the 1. harp has eight strings instead of seven the d again appears, but its bow is partly hidden by the sound board. Legend, G irvine
;
STRABANE 9= one penny token 1812 within a wreath of shamrock and laurel, four berries in the wreath. R. Davies.
2.
Plate G,
no.
8.
Atkins, p. 347, gives a list of Irish leaden tokens, and says they were issued in Dublin towards the close of the eighteenth century. Lindsay, in his advertisement, p. 139, As there is a doubt, and states that they were struck at Cork between 1809 and 1813. none of them are dated, they are omitted.
^J4ha 0e ^ /c**~&
^^--^^-
From
229
ANTRIM.
AL LYME N A.
TWOPENCE.
good
A hare lodged below 2 p (two pence). Legend, 1 makeThe right ear of the hare touches the p in speed speed $t PROMISE TO PAY THE BEARER ONE (sic) DEM AM) TWO I B- MEN A 1 736. ADAIR R.r. PENCE IA S
1.
Aquilla Smith
1.
Plate N,
2.
no.
9.
O
>
is
adair
The M)
R.r,
Plate N,
3.
under the
speed
Plate N,
4.
no.
n.
O
9>
bearer
in
whereas
The
preceding
it is
under the y
no. 12.
in
the
Plate N,
"It cannot following extract from Benn's History of Belfast is of interest be discovered that any bank was established in Belfast prior to the year 1752. In that year formed, in which were Daniel Mussenthe partners the earliest bank, which is known, was den, James Adair and Thomas Bateson, three of the principal merchants in the town." Probably James Adair here referred to was the issuer of the token, as he occupied a good social status at the time. The successors of James Adair still hold a leading position in Ballymena. The representative of the family is Frederick Adair of Ballymena Castle. In the " Mc Donnells of Antrim," it is mentioned that William Adair, who died in 1626, purchased the estate of Sir Faithful Fortescue.
:
5.
O
$>
READY
double-headed eagle displayed, dividing" 2 p Legend, AY READY I PROMISE TO PAY THE BEARER TWO PENCE ALEX
BEITH
MENA
735
R.r,
Aquilla Smith
2.
Plate N, no. 13. Advertisement from the Belfast News Letter, from the 16th to the 27th of Feb., 1739 "Tickets Local. Whereas there are some Persons betwixt Lisburn and Belfast, who have counterfeited my Tickets with a Dye and Press, and sell them to the Country People, Therefore these are to give Notice to all Persons who have any at half what they pass for. of my Tickets, that they bring them unto me at any time before the first of March next
(Counterfeits excepted) and I will pay them in Gold or Silver, and will give two Guineas reward to any Person or Persons, who will discover the Person or Persons who made these Counterfeit Tickets with the Die and Press, so that they may be convicted of said cheat.
Alexander Beith."
230
EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
BE LF AST.
TWOPENCE. O without
6.
>
falcon
volant,
knox
prey PROMISE TO PAY THE BEARER TWO PENCE IOHN Belfast 1 735 The h in iohn is over the e and l in
my
trussing a mallard (wild duck) Only one wing of the falcon is seen.
never
BELFAST
R.r.
Aquilla Smith
4.
Plate N,
7.
no. 14.
O
=
its
wings.
in
iohn
is
Plate N,
no. 15.
on the nth of
8. O wolf rampant, gorged and chained, dividing 2 p Legend, The hind feet of the animal are over the fierce and strong and fierce space between strong 9= I PROMISE TO PAY THE BEARER TWO PENCE HUGH MAGAR ragh Belfast 1736- The a and s in Belfast do not touch. R.r.
Aquilla Smith
5.
Plate N,
9.
no. 16.
O
is >
there
Similar, but the hind feet of the animal are over and no period after p R.
and
As
last.
Aquilla Smith
6.
Plate N,
10.
no. 17.
O As
9>
last.
The wolf
11.
arms of
Belfast.
O
51
Above
its bill
a sprig of olive,
good tidings
:
land Belfast
THE BEARER
R.
7.
TWO PENCE
W" RING
Aquilla Smith
Plate N,
13.
no. 18.
R.r.
8.
Aquilla Smith
14.
734
R.
IRISH
15.
TOKEN COINAGE.
231
A
I
head.
Legend
$
(name
ON DEMAND
TWO PENCE
detrited) Belfast
In Mr. Fletcher's cabinet.
Plate N,
no.
19.
PENNY.
16.
O
9>
THE BEARER
10.
ONE PENNY
7 W.
RING
Aquilla Smith
Plate N,
no. 20.
HALFPENNY.
O View of the High Street, showing on the principal building Belfast ticket 1734 all centre tower with weather vane. within a cable border.
17.
p?
PAY THE BEARER ONE- HALF PENNY- W IOHNSTON 1/2 for this co Sp (One shilling and two pence per lb. for this
#>
l'L
Copper
Paid).
Aquilla Smith
3.
Plate N,
no. 21.
There are only two specimens of this token known, one being in the Belfast Museum and the other in Mr. Fletcher's cabinet. The two last, and the Maculla halfpennies are
included in order to keep together this section of the Irish Tokens. In the Ulster Journal of Archeology, of January, 1903, Mr. Lionel L. Fletcher has an He says " The most interesting feature is the representation of article on this token. It shows a part of High Street and the end of one of the bridges which crossed Belfast. figure in the view was considered by George Benn to be the open river. The lofty steeple the old market-house which formerly stood at the corner of the Corn Market." Mr. Fletcher " however, expresses the opinion that the building more probably represents the old Parish Church, in High Street, which was taken down in 1774, and which stood on the site now occupied by St. George's Church." Mr. Fletcher thinks the issuer was " William Johnston, Baker, who it is recorded in the Town Book of Belfast, was admitted in 1729, to the freedom of the town."
:
BELLYLONAGHAN.
TWOPENCE.
Legend, youth and beauty PAY THE BEARER TWO PENCE clure bellylona ghan -1735
18.
>
A
I
peacock 2 PROMISE TO
ALLEX m9
Aquilla Smith
11.
In the Dublin
Museum.
Aquilla Smith mentioned that the name of Ballyloghnegany occurred in the Index Locoriim of the Ulster Inquisitions, but he was unable to locate it.
232
EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
BREBY.
19.
O
9>
A
*
pelican in
I
its piety,
Aquilla Smith
Plate N,
In the British
no. 22.
Museum.
This token
is
may belong
to
BRED Y.
The
reverse
name
of the town.
GLENARM.
O An anchor and cable, between two fleurs-de-lis. 2 p below. 1 live in hope The links in the cable are joined, and the o in hope is the same size as the other letters. 9> I PROMISE TO PAY THE BEARER TWO PENCE HUGH MOUNT gomery glenarm 1 736 The period after to touches the p in pay20.
Legend,
R.r.
Plate N,
no. 23.
21.
O
9>
and a
small
hope
is
equidistant from to
19.
and pay
Aquilla Smith
Plate N,
no. 24.
Hugh Montgomery
teenth century, and the
of the Ardes
name Hugh
was the
Mount Alexander
in the
seven-
LISBURN.
22.
O Unicorn's head
to left couped.
BEARER
minute eagle between two small R.r. TWO PENCE LISBURN I 736
owe the
The
Young's Historical
Notices of
for
Old
The same Journal copies an entry, dated August, 1744: "To repairing 1000 Perches of the Road from Lisburn to Antrim ^15."
Edward Smyth
MALONE.
23. O ILE AND
dolphin embowed.
Under,
Legend, with
covnc
COVRAGE
I
&
PROMISE TO
PAY
THE BEARER
TWO PENCE
AARON
KEAN MALLONE
(su)
735
Plate N,
no. 26.
233
Co.
SILVER.
24.
0-
ARMAGH.
.
THREEPENCE.
ALEX
i
:
MORTON ARMAGH
:
promis
:
the a in bearer
25.
26.
is
. I 736 to pay the bearer three pence under the last limb of the a in pay R.
(sic)
:
: : : : :
Plate
I,
no. 18.
bearer
:
in
pay
Similar, but the a in bearer is under the colon after to issuer was "a famous clockmaker, in the year 1717 he lived in Market where he struck off a number of silver tokens, which were being used as current Armagh." Stuart's Historical Memoirs of the City of Armagh.
27.
The
Street, coin in
PORTADOWN.
28.
9>
O IOHN OUEREND PORTADOWN * P III I 7 36 I PROMISE TO PAY THE BEARER THREE PENCE
-X-
R.r.
Plate
1758.
I,
no. 19.
1758."
RICHHILL.
p
29.
0-
SAM MACKIE
III
9>
PROMIS
(sic)
THREE
PENCE
R.r.
Plate
30.
31. 32.
I,
no. 20.
R.r.
R.r.
circle.
PROMIS
(sic)
within an inner
circle.
TO R.
PAY
THE
BEARER
THREE
PENCE
LURGAN.
THREEPENCE.
COPPER.
33.
O
9>
roll
I
of linen
3.
p above.
THE
H H
234
EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
TWOPENCE.
at gaze
at the left,
The
I
antlers
have each
THE BEARER
TWO PENCE
THO?
In the Dublin
Museum.
35.
R.r.r.
Plate N,
36.
no. 27.
O
>
horse's
2
:
TWO- PENCE
IOS-
WILSON LURGAN
735
Aquilla Smith 23.
Plate N,
In the British
no. 28.
Museum.
Co.
DOWN.
DROMORE.
TWOPENCE.
COPPER.
37.
0-
griffon, passant,
for
PAY
Aquilla Smith
13.
Plate N,
no. 29.
The griffon was supposed to be a guardian of mines and hidden treasures. One Edmund Hall issued a token at Dromore about 1663. Vide Williamson,
256.
GILFORD.
THREEPENCE.
38.
17
man riding at speed under the horse, dividing the date, a horseshoe. Legend, louse run for ever 36 THREE PENCE IN? I BEARER 9> PROMISE TO PAY THE
O
;
COCHRAN
GILLFORD
(st'c)
736
Aquilla Smith
18.
Plate N,
In the British
:
no. 30.
Aquilla Smith has the following note " In the year 1685, James II incorporated by charter the Governor and Freemen of the Corporation of Horse Breeders in the County of Down." In the Gilford Directory, the Rev. John Cochrane, Presbyterian Minister, occurs, and the family, since this token was issued, has been an important one in this town.
IRISH
TOKEN COINAGE.
235
KILLYLEIGH.
39.
O
9.
beware
of
COVNTERFITS
I
(sic)
STEWART
BEARER
TWO PENCE
IOHN
Museums.
:
George Benn, in the Ulster Journal of Archeology, July, 1855, says "The hurrying messenger impressed upon it imaginative people might describe as the figure of Mercury those who knew better would say it was the very image of a County Down boy,' bred and born in Killinchy, with a little round cap on his head, probably a scratch wig underneath, his headlong a bunch of ribbons flying behind, loose jacket, short tights, home made hose, speed, his determined look, and above all the stout cudgel in his hand, plainly intimating that the argument in the last resort would be brought to bear upon every caitiff guilty of forging the tokens of Mr. John Stewart of Killileagh."
; '
NEWTOWNARDS.
No legend. There 2x0. five kingfisher, a fish in its bill. feathers in the tail of the bird, the fish does not exhibit its fins; all within a toothed border.
40.
A
I
PROMISE TO PAY THE BEARER ON DEMAND TWO PENCE The first upright limb of the m in thomas is over the first limb of h in fisher
9>
thomas fisher
Plate N,
no. 31.
tail,
and the
R.
tail.
42.
9>
thomas
is
in
fisher
43.
R.
are short
Similar, but a bird of closer plumage, the feathers in the tail all within a cable circle. 9> Similar, but the upright limb of h in fisher is under the space between o and m of thomas instead'of as previously being under
;
R.r.
Aquilla Smith 32a.
in the list of his collection, placed the Kingfisher
The
late
Mr. Gillespie,
tokens to
Newtownards.
44. O cask dividing 2 p Legend, iohn m9 cully rose at the bottom. The h is over u in m? cully
brewer
PAY THE BEARER TWO PENCE ON OEMANO V I PROMISE TO iohn m? cully newtown (sic) 1761 : A rose before and after bearer The t in newtown is under the c in m9 cully R.
:
Plate N,
no. 32.
236
45.
is
EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
O
9=
is
at the right of
y whereas
in
the last
it
under that
As
46.
O
>
is
R.r.
Neumann
In the copy of The Ancient and Present State of the County of Down, in the British Museum, there is a MS. note, that in 1754 William McCully was one of the Churchwardens of Newtown(ards).
47.
lion's face
between
flags,
below,
hold fast
above.
PROMISE TO PAY THE BEARER 9> I quoid newtown {sic) 1736 R.r.r.
Aquilla Smith 26.
TWO PENCE
WILL^ m9
Plate N,
no. 33.
PORTAFERRY.
48.
0-
ship under
sail.
come
speed -
&
BEARER
TWO PENCE
IOHN
Plate N,
The
:
no. 34.
issuer of the token found it necessary to follow the example of Alexander Beith of Ballymena, and gave notice " Tickets Local Whereas some Persons with a Dye and Press have counterfeited the Tickets put out by John Gallway (sic) of Portaferry, Merchant, and sell them to severals at half what they pass for. Now I do give this public notice to all Persons who have any of my Tickets, that they may bring them unto me at any time before the first of May next (Counterfeits excepted) and I will pay them in Gold or Silver, and will give two Guineas Reward to any Person or Persons who will discover the Person or Persons that made these Counterfeit Tickets with the Dye and Press, so as they may be convicted of the said Cheat. John Gallway." Belfast News Letter, from March 13th to April 27th, 1839.
49.
stag tripping.
ROB!
R.r.r.
no. 35.
Plate N,
Co.
SILVER.
50.
DUBLIN. DUBLIN.
Legend,
Boyne
2. 1
O
i*>
OWE
THE
BEARER
III
ster
Plate
I,
no. 21.
237
729
JAMES
MACULLA
PENNY
R>
PROMISE TO PAY
A-
POU
ND FOR THESE
Aquilla Smith
16.
Plate N,
The
no. 36.
In the British and Dublin Museums. die was originally intended for a halfpenny. It will be seen from the illustration in the plate that the first N in PENNy is engraved over \
I73I-
52.
O
R>
A A
large fleur-de-lis.
cash
notes
value
recd
MACULLA
female standing between two pillars, holding in her right erect, in the left a pair of scales the head of the figure Legend, shillings divides the date 17 1 promise 20 31. R.r. pound str
hand a sword
Plate N,
no. 37.
Aquilla Smith thought that this piece was intended to pass as a shilling. This is The issuer probably intended to convey that he inconsistent with the idea of the period. was prepared to pay, on return of the tokens, either in regal silver or cash notes.
HALFPENNY,
53.
1728.
:
IAMES
O promesary MACULLA
I
{sic)
notes
value received
Dublin
1728
>
POU
In the British
Museum.
1
54.
O CASH NOTES
ON DEM A ND
Aquilla Smith
1729.
14.
55.
O CASH NOTES
VAL, RECEIVED
DUBLIN
ON THE BEARER DEMAND 20 PROMISE TO PAY R> I for these The o in to is over e and a of a pou nd pence BEARER R.
This
is
same
57.
O
&>
and l
in
val, do not
most of the
As
last.
In Mr. Fletcher's cabinet.
238
58.
EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
O As
9>
no. 55.
last,
Similar to
but the o in to
over the e
in
bearer- R.
59. O Similar to last, but the i in \ is directly under the u instead which has a period after it. of between c and u in maculla
& As
60.
last.
R.r.
Aquilla Smith 15.
As
R.
Aquilla Smith 17. James Maculla was a brazier in Dublin. Maculla proposed to supply the coinage on a plan which he publicly stated. It was to circulate copper tokens for pennies and halfpennies stamped with a promissory to pay twenty pence for every pound of copper notes whenever they should be returned. There was to be forty-eight halfpence to the pound, avoirdupois, which he undertook to sell at two shillings. This he calculated would a'low little more than sixteen per cent., provided the tokens should be returned without loss of metal by circulation, and provided the expense of stamping should amount to sixpence each pound. Maculla submitted this plan to Dean Swift, who disapproved it as but little security would be given to the public "that the tokens should always be made of the intrinsic value which was proposed in the project." Swift pfoposed a counter plan. It was to form a Society of ten gentlemen to issue tokens of increased specific gravity to Maculla's, vide Swiff s Works, vol. XV, p. 260. This project was not taken up and Maculla issued his tokens, notwithstanding the criticism to which the plan had been subjected by Swift, who, Ruding says, " was absolute monarch over all those who were likely to be much affected by the circulation of the tokens." Vide Ruding, vol. IV, p. 3.
Co.
COPPER.
61.
O
9>
a halberd.
I
halberdier crowned, girt with a sword, in his right hand p at the right. Legend, virtue mine honour
TWO PENCE
AMI HENRY
Not Local
Armada, says
" Behind
him march
Co.
TYRONE.
DUNGANNON.
THREEPENCE.
COPPER.
62. O stag tripping (Faith knows not fear).
9>
below
Legend, fides
non timet
'
REA
DVNGA NNON
Batty 1562.
Plate N,
no. 39.
IRISH
TOKEN COINAGE.
239
STEWARTSTOWN.
view of the Market House. PROMISE TO PAY THE BEARER PLETON STEWARTS TOWN 1 736 R.T.T.
63.
9>
I
TWO PENCE
IAM?
TEM
Aquilla Smith, in his introduction, gives an account of the state of the copper coinage of Ireland when these tokens were in circulation. He says, " the coinage of the fine copper halfpence by George the Second, in 1736 and 1737, and of farthings in 1737, put an end to the issue of private tokens... They were withdrawn from circulation, and full value given for them in gold or silver, which accounts for the extreme rarity of the greater number of the tickets, as they were designated. The weight or intrinsic value of the tickets, being nearly the same as that of the new halfpenny, gave rise to the once common saying ' not worth a two-penny ticket.' " How one could expect a halfpenny to be worth twopence is not explained. " It is said that our good halfpence are carried to the West of England and to Scotland by the colliers and other dealers, which is a good trade for them, as they get thirteenpence for a shilling, which is eight and one-third profit, so that, unless Irish halfpence are prohibited in Great Britain, we shall be constantly drained of our Copper Coin, great quantities of which are likewise exported to America." This interesting note, quoted by Aquilla Smith, from Falkner's Dublin Journal, Sep. 2, The same journal had a 1760, shows how difficult was the coinage question in those days. week before announced " are assured that several casks of halfpence, amounting to ,15,000, lately coined at the Tower, for the use of this Kingdom, are shipped on board a London trader, and are daily expected here." This assurance was of no value, as the coinage dated 1760 was not sent to Ireland until 1762.
:
We
COUNTY UNKNOWN.
TWOPENCE.
COPPER.
64 O
last
FRAN M c MINN
over the
This
65.
O As
9.
Blank.
Plate N,
no. 40.
is
67.
O
fy
A
1
greyhound
to
left
at
speed
above.
Legend
detrited.
The remainder
of legend detrited.
Museum.
240
NINETEENTH CENTURY
Although the Channel Islands are not within the Constitution of Great and included in British collections.
Britain, their
The Islands were taken by Rolf, or Rollo, in the ninth century, and William the Conqueror was the first monarch to unite them to the Crown of England.
GUERNSEY.
FIVE SHILLINGS.
SILVER.
1.
O Arms of
Jersey, gules
pale, in a circle,
three leopards passant gardant in bishop de jersey & c? A rose ornament divides
;
the legend.
9> token of five shillings within a wreath of oak. BANK OF GUERNSEY 1809 R.r.V.
Legend,
T. WyOfl.
Plate
This piece
is
I,
no. 23.
Bishop de Jersey
following notice
is
bank
in
notes.
The
CO.
GUERNSEY.
" Notwithstanding Mr. Bishop has engaged to devote the profits of his business to the liquidation of any defalcification that might arrise in the concerns of the Bank, he is credibly informed that several malicious persons mean to proceed against him, as soon as the terms of the Royal Court opens, and endeavour to molest his person and trade he therefore takes this opportunity to request those who wish to take advantage of the above engagement, to sign or cause to be signed the agreement entered upon before the 13th of October next, in default of which he will take the advantage of the regulations of the Laws of the Island, and shall not consider himself bound to any person having neglected to close with this offer. Guernsey, 7th September, 181 1." The Star, Sep. 14th, 1811.
;
THE STATES OF
THREE
2.
0-
JERSEY.
SHILLINGS.
a
circle.
Arms
as
last;
but not
in
1813
>
R.
45.
EIGHTEENPENCE.
3.
>
O As As
last,
last,
T. Wyon.
Vide Ruding,
V,
p. 368.
TOKEN COINAGE.
PENNY.
COPPER.
241
4 O
>
Profile of
George III
jersey bank token 1812 laureated. Legend, A BANK OF ENGLAND NOTE FOR
Unknown.
Atkins
7,
47.
O Draped, and
1
jersey
bank
81
>
on a
and cornucopia,
R.r.
48.
Halliday.
JERSEY,
6.
(George
III), within a
wreath of oak.
9> one penny token R. and alderney
circle.
Atkins
7.
7,
50.
O
9>
druid's bust to
left,
PENNY TOKEN
As
last.
R.
Atkins
7,
is
O As
9>
last.
robed female figure seated to left on a bale of merchandise, holding an olive branch and cornucopia, a ship in the distance. Legend, commerce Turnpenny and Halliday.
9.
O As
9>
last.
left, holding in her right a shield at the a palm branch Turnpenny and Halliday.
;
10. O The Prince of Wales' feathers issuant from a coronet. Motto on a ribbon, ich dien Under the crest, 1813 Legend, to facilitate trade # 9> one penny token in a circle. Legend, jersey guernsey and alderney Halliday.
.
Plate G,
11.
no. 10.
O As
>
last.
female seated to left on a bale of merchandise, holding an olive branch and cornucopia, a ship in the distance. Legend, commerce 1 8 14 R. Halliday.
1 1
242
12.
13. O As reverse no. io one penny token in a circle. Legend, JERSEY GUERNSEY AND ALDERNEY 9> one penny token in a wreath of oak. R.r. Halliday.
Atkins
7,
51.
HALFPENNY.
14. Similar
to
no.
10,
except
in
size,
half
penny
token
R.r.r.
Halliday,
The Channel Islands form the one exception where no seventeenth century tokens were issued.
^f.*ri
/-
5o
It////,,//?.//.) (///</,
in
Bank
//>:*
>/>
//
}
rv/
///////.
f//Y /r//
>f//r/f///y/
\,
&Mmi\m\,
From
a Print in the possession of the Author.
243
THE
Britain, but the
ISLE
OF MAN.
is not within the Constitution of Great Like the Channel Islands, the Isle of Tokens form a most interesting section, and are eagerly sought after by English and American numismatists. The Isle of Man having been for a long period the seat of an extensive smuggling trade, to the detriment of the Imperial revenue, the sovereignty of it was purchased by the British Government, in 1765, for ,70,000 and an annuity of ,2,000 a year to the Duke of Athol, he still retaining certain manorial rights, church patronage, etc. The last remaining interest of the Athol family in the island was transferred to the British Crown in 1829 the amount paid for the island having amounted in the aggregate to 493,000. Vide Chambers's Encyclopedia, vol. VII, 1901. Charles Clay, in his admirable work, commences the chapter on the Insular Tokens by quoting Dr. Combe " Though at present no high value be set upon town pieces and tradesmen's Tokens by men of learning, a time will come when these Coins will be as much esteemed in this Country as the town pieces of the Greeks." This forecast, quoted as recently as 1869, has already been realised. Three years after this opinion was quoted, the Collection of Tokens formed by Sir George Chetwynd was dispersed by Christie, Manson & Woods, and lot 545, which contained three fine specimen pieces, the Peel Castle crown, half crown and shilling, were sold for ,1 17s. to Mr. Webster. It is no exaggeration to estimate their value to-day at thirty guineas, and that a similar relative appreciation has followed tokens generally which possess some degree of rarity. In the Isle of Man, tokens were resorted to for precisely the same reason which caused their production in Great Britain and Ireland. Clay says " For instance, in the time of Elizabeth, tradesmen's tokens were numerous, but it was the necessity for a small Coinage that forced them on the public," and, he goes on to say, that both the eighteenth and nineteenth century tokens were the result of Government neglect. So much so that " Before the issue of the Victoria coins (1839) the currency of the Island was utterly exhausted and almost every kind of token was circulated, even to buttons with the shanks rubbed off. Dr. Clay illustrates one of these buttons, which represents the device and motto of the Isle of
Man
Man.
DOUGLAS.
FIVE SHILLINGS. 0View of a castle and vessel from the quay, two mariners on 1. the harbour watch. Legend, peel castle isle of man > PROMISE TO PAY THE BEARER ON DEMAND 5 SHILLINGS BRITISH 1 8 1 1 in a circle. Legend, the douglas bank c? * at their bank, DOUGLAS * R.r. Halliday.
SILVER.
Plate M,
no. 10.
TWO
2.
SHILLINGS
AND SIXPENCE.
.
O
9>
PROMISE TO PAY THE BEARER ON DEMAND 2 S 6 D BRITISH l8ll Legend as on the five shillings the first numeral in date is over the space between b and a in bank, R.r.r.
;
Boyne
71.
244
3.
4.
Copper.
R.r.
numeral
Plate M,
in
no.
date
n.
is
b in bank,
5.
R.r.r.
in
Also
Copper.
R.r.r.
Halliday.
SHILLING.
6.
and the legend are omitted. $> DOUGLAS BANK TOKEN ONE SHILLING BRITISH l8ll
Boyne
7.
72.
Halliday.
O As
9
last.
Halliday.
See also Countermarked Tokens no. 136. This is in copper, and may exist in silver, but all efforts to discover it in that metal have failed. C. Clay, on June 17th, 1864, stated to the Manchester Numismatic Society that the Douglas tokens were issued by Littler, Dove & Co., bankers, of Douglas. The bank did not survive the issue of the tokens for many months, nor were they circulated in large numbers, except the copper tokens hereafter described. On the currency of the Isle of Man Clay gives the following additional information " In the month of November, 181 1, a new bank was opened in Douglas, under the firm Its claims on the public confidence were set forth in the following of Littler, Dove & Co. advertisement " To counteract the Effects of many false Reports which have been circulated respecting the Plans and Intentions of the Douglas Bank Company, they feel it a duty they owe themselves and the Public to declare their Readiness to meet their tokens to any Amount above Twenty Pounds by Bills upon London, at the usual Exchange of the Island. Under that sum they propose to issue their own Notes, but as they are not quite in Readiness, they are prepared with Notes and Cards current in the Island. The Office of the Bank is at present in Fort Street, until the House they have taken of Messrs. Callows, in Duke Street, be finished. They have no other Office in Town. Littler, Dove & Co., Douglas, Nov.
:
'
29th,
181
1.'
"It appears that disputes very soon arose between the members of the new banking firm of Littler, Dove & Co. The firm consisted of William Scarlett Littler, James Dove and the Rev. Robert Littler. The latter being about to leave the Island, his partner James Dove sued out an action against him for ^i,ooo,under which he was arrested, and imprisoned. This led to the adoption of proceedings in the Chancery Court, on the part of the Rev. Robert Littler, against Dove, and which came before the Court on the 3rd January, 1812, when the arrest was set aside. The consequence was that the banking establishment was brought to an abrupt close."
CASTLETOWN.
Isle
of
Man
Bank.
PENNY.
COPPER. Legend, 8. O The triune armoured and spurred with feet to left. qvocvnqve ieceris stabit (Wherever you may cast it, it will
stand).
9>
bank penny
June
17, 1854,
in a circle,
said
C. Clay,
isle of man 181 i Plate M, no. 12. "The Isle of Man Bank Tokens were
Halliday.
issued by George
245
&
Town."
:
man &
Co.,
Whitehart Court.
The London agents of Quayle & Co., were MasterSubsequently, in the currency of the Isle of Man, Clay
amplifies the information, as follows "The Isle of Man Bank commenced business at Castletown, in the year 1802. The partners were Mark H. Quale, George Quale, John Taubman, and James Kelly. These constituted the firm until 1805. Then the bank was carried on by George Quale alone until January 1st, 181 1 ; afterwards George Quale, Edward Cotteen, and Patrick Townsend Lightand the above George foot continued it till about 1816, when Edward Cotteen retired Quayle and P. T. Lightfoot conducted it to its close in November, 181 8. The first set of partners of this bank issued the Isle of Man Bank Penny and Halfpenny Tokens, although they have usually been attributed to George Quayle alone. I am indebted for the above information to the kindness of M. H. Quayle, Clerk of the Rolls, through J. F. Crellin, Esq., M.H.K. (Member of the House of Keys), Orrysdale.
;
HALFPENNY.
9.
O
#>
Similar to Similar to
last,
last,
in
circle.
Halliday.
DOUGLAS.
PENNY.
Castle, without the harbour watch, as no. 6. The building at the right of centre tower is nearly as tall as the tower, there axefozir stays to the mast, which touches the land.
10.
9=
O View of Peel
No
inner circle.
The
tops of the ones in date slope. R. Plate M, no. 14. In the Haw sale, Sotheby, Wilkinson & Hodge, no.
penny
size.
was a proof
11. O As last, but the building extends only half-way up the centre tower, and there are two stays to the mast, which does not touch the land. The f of of is under the ship. 9> Similar, but bank omitted. The upright limb of the t in token is over the last limb of the n in one The tops of the ones in date zrejlat. R.r.r.
This
is
12.
Similar to
last,
is
ship, the
&
This
is
token
between n and e
one
R.
Plate M,
no. 15.
of inferior workmanship.
Atlas.
13. O The figure of Atlas kneeling on his shoulder the globe. Legend, payable at the office douglas 9> The triune armoured to the knee piece and spurred, with feet to right. Legend, manks token one penny 1 8 1 r
;
Plate M,
no. 16.
C. Clay, June 17, 1864, says the penny and halfpenny " were issued by Beatson and Copeland, Bankers." John Beatson and George Copeland also issued Bank Notes for various sums were the agents of the Atlas Fire Office and, in addition, kept a Wine and Liquor Stores at Douglas.
; ;
246
King.
:
O Bust
1
to
right
save
the
king 1830
The
figure
in date is curved.
> for # publick accommodation # An ornament above and below publick The bottom ornament lines to the 1 in accommo DATION
Plate M,
This
is
no.
17.
15.
O
9>
in
date
is
straight.
lines to the t in
bottom ornament
Atkins
33.
accommo
dation
This
is in
Unkitown.
brass, and a contemporary forgery. " God save the King Token, There was a report that an issue of Coins for the Isle of Man had occurred during the reign of George IV, but it was simply this token. It certainly appeared in his reign, but was in no way connected with the Government, except by having a badly executed head of George III on it. This token has also had the name of McTurk's Token, by others it was known as Caine's (Banker) Token, and again as Carter's Token. "It is now easily explained how this piece became associated with the names beforementioned the issuers being relatives, or connected in business, the dies consequently came into the possession of different persons at different times. Some time back, evidence was furnished me from the daughter and son-in-law of John McTurk (the former still
;
confirming the above facts. This token was looked upon by English numismatists and I believe I was the first to discover the error generally made." as an English token Charles Clay, p. 102.
living),
;
HALFPENNY.
16.
O View
9>
No
inner
circle.
R.
Halliday.
Atlas.
17. O The figure of Atlas kneeling, on his shoulders the globe. payable at the office douglas The right foot of the figure is over the space between c and e in office 9> The triune armoured and spurred with feet to right, manks
first limb of
The
R.
Atkins
247
is
O
o
of the e in office
As
last.
R.r.
19.
O
$t>
of the a
Similar, but the right foot of Atlas is over the o in douglas Similar, but the foot of the triune points to the first limb R.r.r. in manks
Nelson
49.
O Bust
to right,
god
save
in
date
is fiat.
The
Plate M,
21.
no. 19.
is
pointed.
Nelson 52a.
22.
O
B>
in
the
Similar, but the centre laurel leaf lines to the first lijnb of The top of 1 in date fiat. Similar, but the k lines to the first limb of n in accommo
:
dation
R.
Similar to last reverse. ship under sail, ships colonies
Unknown.
A
23.
O
>
The
last
two are
in brass.
RAMSAY.
FOUR SHILLINGS.
24.
piece).
9>
O Head
St.
of a king,
Dr. Nelson, in a note respecting this piece, which 1892, at Ballaugh, near Ramsay.
in copper, says
it
was found
in
HALFPENNY.
25. O The triune armoured and spurred, with feet to left. raised rim in incuse letters, quocunque ieceris stabit
On
On
Plate M,
"William
Callister, of
issuer."
Vide Clay.
248
26.
detrited.
in brass
As it is customary to complete the list of tokens issued in the Isle of Man, the solitary seventeenth century Penny of John Murrey with its variety are included.
27.
O
$k
his
penny
$ m
Legend, iohn
murrey
1668 #
The
qvocvnqve
gesseris
<&
stabit
28.
$ O
V
R.r.
Similar, but reads
Murray
and of dovglas in
man
substituted.
R. r. r.
Williamson
2.
Clay thinks the Token was made in Birmingham. He questions the statement of Oswald, in Vestigia, that the penny was a legal tender issued by Governor Murrey in 1669, and in support of his contention states "The first governor of the name was the Hon. James Murray, but who was not appointed until 1739." The eminent author in all matters relating to the Isle of Man coinage, did not know at the time of the variety IOHN MURRAY. This, however, strengthens rather than weakens his knowledge on the subject, as the christian name of the variety being the same is a confirmation. Boyne, quoting Snelling, says " John Murray (sic) gave security to exchange his pennies, which his executors performed, when the copper money of the Earl of Derby was issued in
:
:
1709."
Clay gives the following table from Feltham's work on the relative value of the to that of Gt. Britain and Ireland until it was assimilated to the English standard in 1840.
Manx Coinage
English,
is
>)
equal to
)>
n6
s.
d.
Manx,
Irish
5)
)>
5) )J
Manx,
English,
13 4 85 14 3 107 13 10 92 17 1
1
Manx.
English.
Manx.
Irish.
5)
Manx,
Irish,
))
?3
3 17
1
4 6
7
Manx.
Manx.
Irish.
i English.
?>
>>
Manx,
English,
)5
iS
shillings.
I I I
Manx,
Irish,
5) >>
J>
2
1
Manx.
Manx.
10J English.
1
Manx,
)>
iij Irish.
249
O
9=
beehive upon a wreath, surrounded by bees. three shillings & four pence within a wreath
R.r.r.
No
legend.
of laurel
roses.
and Unknown.
The Lawrence
May
1900.
THREE SHILLINGS.
&
2. O The golden COMMERCE l8l I
fleece
ships colonies
On $> The Prince of Wales' feathers issuant from a coronet. the ribbon, ich dien within a garter inscribed three shilling token R.r. Plate G, no. 11.
3.
The same
in copper.
R.r.r.
P. Wyon.
Boyne, in his Yorkshire Tokens, 1858, p. 45, claims this for that county, the One Shilling and Sixpence of the same design, and the Sixpence with obverse fleece suspended, as described hereafter. In his general work on silver tokens, eight years later, he adds them to the section "without names." Somersetshire might claim them, as the obverse of the Three Shilling Piece has since been found muled with the Bath Four Shilling token issued by C. Culverhouse & Co. Boyne, and all token experts, have failed to trace their locale,
therefore, they are included in this division.
4. O The Prince of Wales' feathers issuant from a coronet, and motto, ich dien Legend, long live the prince Motto, honi soit qui mal y pense > The star and garter.
R.r.r.
sale, lot 357,
The Lawrence
May,
1900.
The same
in
Copper.
In Mr. Norman's cabinet.
Unknown.
EIGHTEENPENCE.
except in size. but the motto omitted, and the garter is inscribed one shilling & sixpence R.r. P. Wyon.
6.
O Similar
to no.
2,
9>
Similar to no.
2,
Boyne
241.
SHILLING.
7.
A beehive and A
bees,
Under
the beehive, 1 2 penny token 5> female seated to left in the right hand an olive branch, in the left a trident, a shield at the side. Britannia Unknown.
Boyne
239.
K K
250
8.
large letters, inscribed shilling silver token Below, w All within a wreath of oak. in the left hand an olive > Female seated to left on a cannon Britannia R. Unknown. branch, the right resting on a wheel.
in
Above,
1 1
Boyne
236.
SIXPENCE.
9.
sixpence
i8ii
Unknown.
no. 21.
tokens were
made
to circulate in Ireland.
The
initials
may be
(Company).
10. O A fleece suspended from a ribbon, 1811 Legend, for public accommodation * 9= silver token six pence in a wreath of oak.
in
circle.
Plate
11.
G, no.
12.
Also
in
Copper.
R.r.r.
P. Wyon,
12. O A beehive and bees. Legend, for use & 1812 under. ACCOMODATION (su) 6 PENNY TOKEN 9> Female seated to left on a cannon, as on no. 8, but without a period after Britannia Unknown.
Boyne
13.
238.
O
>
A
As
On the ceriph
of the
Plate K,
14.
no. 24.
O As
last.
#
the
1
of Britannia
between Wyon.
no. 25.
15.
&
six
16.
crescent and seven stars, pro bono publico -1812 g between the all-seeing eye, and a hand holding a baton,
pence
silver token
in
Boyne
243.
Also
Copper.
Unknown.
clasping
hand
is
COPPER.
SIXPENCE.
17. O two shillings and sixpence 1804 Outer legend, remming TON & SMITH & WE PROMISE TO PAY THE BEARER ON DEMAND A ONE POUND NOTE FOR EIGHT OF TPIESE PIECES R.r.
Vide "Spink's Circular," Dec. 1895.
NOT
LOCAL.
251
ONE SHILLING.
18.
O
>
Similar to Similar to
last, last,
R.r.
Unknown.
These tokens are of
to the tokens of 1811-12,
fine
in
PENNY.
Bust to Right.
Date
1812
on Reverse only.
19. O Bust (George III), laureated and draped, within a wreath of oak. On the shoulder, h The nose of the effigy points to a leaf, the h is over an acorn, and the bust touches the wreath. & Female seated to left on a bale of merchandise in the right hand a pair of scales, in the left a cornucopia, in the distance a ship, h on the ground at the right, one penny token 181 2 The foot of y is over the head of the figure at the left.
;
Sharp 206,
6.
20.
bust
is
is
9=
As
last.
21.
O
$1
head of the figure, the hand of the figure points to the end of e instead of between e and p in one penny Plate G, no. 13.
Similar, but the h is over the stem of the acorn. Similar, but the foot of y is over the centre of the
O Similar, but the h on the shoulder omitted, six leaves in the wreath instead of nine. $1 Similar, but without the h on the ground, and the hand points to the centre of the e in one
22.
laurel
1814.
23.
O
9>
Similar, but with eight leaves in the laurel wreath. Female seated on a shield to left, holding in her right
in the left a sprig of
hand
an olive branch,
palm,
commerce 1814
No Date.
24.
0-
As
last.
;
female seated on a bale to the left in her right hand an olive branch, in her left a cornucopia, Halliday. commerce R.
252
laureated and draped to right (George III), h on the a wreath of oak divided by 1812 surrounds the bust; the h on the shoulder is over the first numeral of date. 9> female seated to left on a bale of merchandise in her right hand a pair of scales, and in her left a cornucopia of fruit in the distance, a ship one penny at the right, h on the ground, token 181
25.
O Bust
;
shoulder
26.
h on
the shoulder
is
over the
first
acorn stem
to
left.
No Date on
27.
Reverse.
O As
9=
last.
28.
29. Similar, but without the h on the shoulder, and the laurel Halliday. branch terminates with three leaves. R.
Obverse
30.
1.8 1
181
i,
Reverse
1814.
O
9=
A robed
A
female seated to
in
in her left a in
COMMERCE
Obverse,
31.
181
i
;
no Date on Reverse.
lines to the last letter in
O As
last.
9
The
date
palm
commerce
Halliday.
omitted.
Wellington.
No Date.
32.
under the bust. Britannia seated, in the right hand an olive branch in the left a trident a shield at the side, a ship in the distance the barb of the trident at crossed laurel branches under the figure the right touches the first limb of k in token
laurel branches
; ;
;
Sharp 207,
22.
NOT
33.
LOCAL.
253
O As
$k
last.
token
R.r.
24.
Sharp 207,
34.
O As
$>
last.
;
female seated on a bale of merchandise in the left hand a pair of scales in the right a cornucopia of fruit a ship in the disONE PENNY TOKEN l8l2 R.r. tance.
;
1813.
35.
of the star and garter; the date 181 3 under; the crossed laurel branches omitted. 9> Similar to 32, but the centre barb of trident is under the Halliday. o in token The crossed laurel branches omitted.
Plate
G, no.
14.
Ships.
36.
O
9=
A ship under full sail to right, one penny token 181 one penny token within a wreath of oak R. Halliday.
Plate G,
no. 15.
37. O legend.
>
same
direction
without the
Halliday.
laurel.
R.
16.
38.
O
fy
left, in
circle,
1814.
R.
Without Busts.
39.
branch
in
female seated to left on a bale of merchandise an olive her right hand, in her left a cornucopia of fruit a ship in
; ;
the distance,
V
laurel,
commerce one penny token within a mixed wreath of oak and h on the laurel leaf opposite the n in token Halliday.
The
reverse appears also at Sedbury, Burton
and
Sheffield.
40.
R.
Unknown.
254
41.
below, on a
No
inner
4.
circle.
R.
Unknown.
It
Sharp 206,
This token is on a flan the size of a halfpenny, and of excellent workmanship. probably rejected as not being " good value " for " exchange."
was
female seated to left in her right hand an olive branch, a winged caduceus a ship in the distance, h on the ground at the right, trade & navigation 181 9 one penny token in a circle. Legend, pure copper pre
42.
;
in
the
left
FERABLE TO PAPER
43.
R.
Breton 962.
18 13
Sharp 205,
3.
44.
is flat.
is
rounded, whereas
in
the last
it
9
second p
45.
in
but the p in
to
penny
a
little
copper instead of
above
it.
Plate M,
no. 22.
O Similar
R
46.
Similar to
to last, but dated 18 14 last, but the p in penny lines between the p
and e
copper
O Similar
9>
is flat.
As
last.
Halliday.
HALFPENNY.
Bust to Right.
47. O Bust to right, laureated and robed (George III), h on There are four pearls in shoulder in a wreath of oak. shoulder brooch. 9. female seated to left on a bale of merchandise in in in the left a cornucopia of fruit right hand a pair of scales
the the
her the
token
48.
distance a ship. 1 8 1
On
h Legend, halfpenny
0-
pearls.
9 As
49.
50. Similar, but the head of the figure on the reverse, instead of being some distance from the Y in halfpenny nearly toitches it. Halliday.
NOT
The following
LOCAL.
255
Bust to right, laureated and robed (George III), within a wreath of oak containing thirty-nine acorns no legend.
51.
0;
female seated, similar to those previously described The y of halfpenny touches the head halfpenny token 1812 of the figure at the right, and the hand points to the f
>
52. O Similar, but the wreath has twenty-four acorns, the projecting laurel leaf points to an acorn. ]jk Similar, but the y does not touch the head, and the hand points to the l of halfpenny
bust, but the leaf projecting points to a leaf. Similar, but the y touches the head at the right the points to the first limb of f
53.
>
;
O Similar
hand
54.
O Similar
>
55.
O
#>
Similar bust, but the leaves have no stems. Similar, but the head of the figure is under the n and y of
HALFPENNY
56. 57.
O
>
is
arranged from
R.
58.
O
9>
Similar bust, but the wreath has thirty-four acorns. Similar, but halfpenny token omitted.
in the last
Similar, but the cornucopia touches a cord on the bale, whereas it rests between the cords. Unknown.
O Bust
9>
to right,
success to trade
1812
in the left
Britannia seated to left in her right hand an olive branch, a trident, a shield at the side. ship (looks like a rock)
in the distance,
62.
O As
9>
last.
halfpenny
R.
Halliday.
256
63.
Similar bust, but legend, great Britain female seated to left in her right hand an olive branch of seven leaves, in the left a sprig of palm at her side the union
shield,
8 14
64
65.
sailing
Unknown.
;
a ship.
to right, laureated. george hi rules 1806 Britannia seated with her usual attributes in the distance Britannia for ever In the exergue, medal R.r. Halliday.
Ships.
67.
O Bust
to right
1
penny token
68.
815
(George III), laureated and draped, There are two projecting laurel leaves.
half
ship under canvas sailing to right, success to naviga The bowsprit points to the t in trade *
69.
70.
leaf.
trade * Halliday.
The
projecting laurel
a trident in the
female seated to left an olive branch in her right hand, left the union shield at her side in the distance a ship, genuine British copper There are nine leaves in the olive branch. Halliday.
; ;
Plate
72.
0-
G, no. 18.
Similar bust, but the projecting laurel leaf points between the n and y #> Similar, but there axe five leaves in the olive branch.
73. Similar, but there are four leaves in the olive branch.
74.
O Similar
of Y
&
75. O Similar bust, but on a larger flan. BRITISH COPPER 1815 fy Britannia seated with her attributes as before, but legend, halfpenny Halliday.
NOT
76.
LOCAL.
257
O
9
Under the bust, 1820 Similar bust, but without legend. Similar to last, but legend, genuine British copper
77.
seated to left on a bale of merchandise in her right hand a pair of scales, in the left a cornucopia ; a ship in the No legend. R. distance.
9
;
O As last. Female
78.
O Similar
9
Similar to
R.
Unknown.
Wellington.
victoria nobis est 79. O Bust to right in military uniform, (Victory is for us) Under the bust, laurel branches. The coat has no button. > female seated to left, in her right hand an olive branch, a ship in the in the left a spear, at her side the union shield distance. In the exergue, sprigs of Legend, halfpenny token
olive.
R.
Unknown.
to right, laureated
80.
O Bust
and robed,
marquis Wellington
i8i 3-
&
in
the
left
distance. 81.
female seated to left in her right hand an olive branch, a spear, the union shield at her side, a ship in the Legend, commerce Parkes.
;
O Bust
No
legend.
No
device.
R.
Unknown.
Bust to Left.
military uniform, between in 82. O Bust laureated to left, No legend, and zvithout buttons on the coat. branches of laurel. female seated to right on a bale of merchandise in the 9> left hand a spear, in her right a pair of scales, a ship in the distance. Legend, trade & commerce i 8 i i R. Unknown.
laureated in military uniform. Wellington halfpenny projecting laurel points to the second l There is one button on the coat. $k Britannia seated to left in her right hand an olive branch, in the left a trident, a ship in the distance, within a wreath of oak In the exergue, 1814 The left barb of trident does not quite touch a leaf, and the right and centre barbs touch a leaf.
83.
token
O Bust The
84.
Similar,
but the
left
barb touches a
L L
leaf,
acorn.
258
centre barb
86.
85. Similar, but the right and left barb each touch is between two leaves.
the
O
Jb
one pointing
to
Similar, but the left barb of trident does not quite touch a
leaf.
87.
date omitted.
88. O Similar bust, but legend, field marshal Wellington Sprigs of laurel under the bust. There are two buttons on the coat. $t Britannia seated to left with her usual attributes. Legend, halfpenny token Under the figure branches of laurel.
by a wreath
of oak.
92.
&
Similar bust, but only one button on the coat. Similar, but the date 1813 added to the legend, the sprigs
of laurel omitted.
Unknown.
An
to
left.
Wellington
above.
181 5 below.
This piece
of fine workmanship.
O
>
No
;
legend.
No
device.
-axe.
Halliday.
95.
O
9>
In her right hand a pair of scales, in her left a cornucopia, s j & c a ship in the distance. Legend, halfpenny token 1812 R.
96. Similar, but dated 18 15
Sharp attributes
a production.
this piece to Halliday, but
97.
O
9>
Similar ship, but the flag is smaller. Similar, but the date and the initials on the bale omitted.
NOT
98. Similar, but legend
99.
LOCAL.
259
Unknown.
ship sailing.
The
100.
O
V
A
<$
no legend.
<M
(o in a circle.
R.
Unknown.
Legend, trade ship sailing under top sails in a circle. The rope nearest the foremast leads from the spritsail-yard to the top of the shrouds. in a circle. Legend, pure copper 9> half penny token
101.
0-
PREFERABLE TO PAPER
102. Similar, but the rope leads to the bowsprit.
103.
Similar,
foremast.
104.
O Ship under
1
circle.
token
8 14
9>
This piece
6.
Beehive and
105.
0-
Bees.
thistle
shamrock.
Vc
beehive and bees within a wreath, the rose, Legend, industry the source of content
and
JO^
In base
shield azure, inscribed for change in trade. a rose between branches of oak. Crest, a knotted ribbon.
80
bis.
Legend, Dixon.
female seated to left on a bale of merchandise 106. O in her right hand an olive branch, in the left a caduceus, a ship in the distance. On the ground at the right h Legend, trade & naviga
;
tion 181
B>
TO PAPER
3,
Halliday.
O An anchor and
$>
large
260
The Spread
109.
Eagle.
its left
O An
eagle volant, in
its
an olive branch of five leaves, a ship token 1 8 13 The date divided by the
Vo
the distance,
halfpenny
tail.
Britannia seated to left within a wreath of oak, in her right hand an olive branch of five leaves, in the left a trident. The centre barb of the trident is under an acorn.
110.
O As
]>
last.
Similar, but the olive branch has seven leaves, the first barb of the trident at the left is under an acorn.
to last, but dated 18 14 Similar, but the olive branch has five leaves, the centre barb of the trident totiches an acorn.
111.
O Similar
9>
whereas
112. Similar, but the head of Britannia in the others it is under a leaf.
is
directly
under an acorn,
113. O Similar, but 18 15 under the tail of the eagle, with only three arrows and six leaves to the olive branch in its talons. 9> Similar, but the centre barb of the trident is shorter than the other two, and is under a leaf.
114 O As
9>
last.
from
left to right,
whereas
R.
Unknown.
FARTHING.
115.
O
9>
116.
O Over a
9=
tobacco
1
Legend, pro
in a circle.
2%?
c$ farthing
803
bono R.
publico *
Unknown.
117.
ship sailing to
left
under top
sails,
farthing token
Halliday.
1812
&
118.
wreath of oak.
R.
view of rocks.
paper
in her right > A female seated on a bale of merchandise hand an olive branch, in the left a caduceus a ship in the distance. Halliday. Legend, trade & navigation 181 3 R.
;
Plate
G, no.
19.
261
WORKS OF REFERENCE.
Aitken (W. C.) Brass and Brass Manufacturers, sm. 4to, 1865. Atkins (J.) The Coins and Tokens of the Possessions and Colonies of the British Empire,
8vo, 1889.
Atkins
(J.)
Batty (D. T.) Descriptive Catalogue of the Copper Coinage of Great Britain, 3 sm. 4to, 1868, 1894.
Blades (W.)
with Printers
Bowles (H. B.) Bristol Coins and Tokens, 8vo, (1900). Boyne (W.) Silver Tokens of Great Britain and its Dependencies, 4to, 1866. Boyne (W.) The Tokens of Yorkshire, 4to, 1858. Burn (J. H.) London Tradesmen's Tokens, 8vo, 1855. Clay (C.) Currency of the Isle of Man, 8vo, 1869. Cotton (W. A.) Coins, Tokens and Medals of Worcestershire, 8vo, 1885. Chaffers (W.) Marks and Monograms on Pottery and Porcelain, roy. 8vo, 1903. Davis (W. J.) Token Coinage of Warwickshire, 4to, 1895. Davis (W. J.) Short History of the Brass Trades, 1892.
Evelyn's Discourse of Medals, 1697.
Goulding(C) The Coinage of Suffolk, 4/0, 1868. Grueber(H. A.) Handbook of the Coins of Gt. Britain and Ireland in the B. Museum, 8vo, 1899. Heaton (R.) Birmingham Coinage, 8vo, 1865. Holinshed (R.) Chronicles. England, Scotland and Wales, 1577. Lindsay (J.) The Coinage of Ireland, 4/0, 1839. Manchester Numismatic Society, Proceedings of, 4/0, 1871. Meili (J.) Die Munzen der colonie Brasilien, 1645-1822, 8vo, Zurich, 1897 (Describes and
some English Countermarks). Copper Coins of England, 8vo, 1893. Nelson (P.) Coinage of the Isle of Man, 8vo, 1899. Nelson (P.) Coinage of William Wood, 8vo, 1903. Neumann (J.) Beschreibung der Bekanntesten, 6 vols., 8vo, Prague, 1858-72. Numismatic Chronicle. The Proceedings of the Numismatic Society of London. Numismatic Magazine, 8vo and sm. 4I0, 1886 to 1903. Palmer (A. N.) John Wilkinson and Old Bershaw Iron Works, 8vo, 1899. Phillips (M.) The Token Money of the Bank of England, 8vo, 1900. Pye (C.) Complete Representation of all the Provincial Copper Coins, 4/0, (1801). Pye (C.) Modern Birmingham, /w/ 8vo, (1818).
Illustrates
Montagu
(H.)
Randall
(J.)
The Wilkinsons,
\21no,
Madeley, (1870).
Ruding (Rev. R.) Annals of the Coinage of Great Britain, 6 vols., 8vo, 1819. Sharp (T.) Catalogue of the Coins and Tokens in the Collection of Sir G. Chetwynd, 4/0, 1834. Simon (J.) Essay Historical Account of Irish Coins, 4/1?, Dublin, 1810. Spink's Numismatic Circular, folio, 1892 to 1903. Smith (Aquilla) Irish Tokens and Jettons, 8vo, 1869. Smith (Aquilla) Papers on Irish Coinage, 8vo, 1855. Snelling (T.) The Coins of Great Britain and Ireland,/^//^, 1766. Sykes (W.) Hull Coins and Tokens, 8vo, 1892. Thomason (Sir Edward) Memoirs, 2 vols., 1845. Waters (A. W.) The Token Coinage of South London issued in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries, 8vo, Leamington, 1904.
Numismatic Books,
there have been consulted Pamphlets, Coin Sale Catalogues, Files of old Newspapers, Directories, etc.
M M
262
INDEX
Places at which
I.
*#*
The numbers
in
this,
refer to the
page
in the book.
Brecknock,
22, 23.
187.
Brighton, 140.
20.
Alloa Colliery,
Bristol, 98-107,
110-115, 193.
Andover,
of,
of,
229.
Armagh, county
Arnold, 92.
233.
Bury
38.
St.
Edmunds,
Ashbourn,
Ayrshire,
Buteshire, 19.
Attleborough, 80.
19, 199, 200.
Calton, 210.
195.
Ballindalloch, 20.
Bank Bank
Canada, 259.
1-8, 11,
12.
Cark-in-Cartmell,
15.
8, 9, 10.
Bath,
110,249.
Bedworth,
143.
Chard, 108.
Bellylonaghan, 231.
Benhall, 136.
Berkshire, 29.
Charing Cross, London, jo, 71, Charlotte-street see London. Channel Islands, The, 240.
Chatteris, 31.
73.
Bersham,
145.
Berwickshire, 201.
Beverley, 175.
Cheadle, 128.
Cheltenham, 53-55,
Cheshire, 32.
Chesterfield, 38.
72.
Bewdley,
161.
Birmingham,
161, 162.
146-157,
London.
Birmingham Workhouse,
146-149.
20.
Bradford,
Bradford Workhouse,
Bradley, 121, 145.
INDEX
Dalkeith, 203.
I.
263
47.
Gateshead,
Gilford, 234.
Darlaston, 128.
Dawley,
94. 23.
Deanston,
Glasgow,
Mill, 23.
Deanston Cotton
Derby,
38, 65.
Glemham,
Denbighshire, 190.
Derbyshire,
Diss,
Glenarm, 232.
Gloucester, 53, 54, 97. Gloucestershire, 53, 54, 98, 105, 107.
Godalming,
Gosport,
56.
138. see
8k
34.
Goodman's Fields
London.
Dolcoath Mine,
Dorchester, 43.
Dorsetshire,
Douglas, 243-247.
234.
Halesowen, 94. Hamilton, 210. Hampshire, 56-60, 135. Happing see Tunstead and Happing. Haverford West, 198.
Hereford, 61.
Herefordshire, 61.
Hertfordshire, 62, 74, 75, 78.
Hill of
Dundee,
206.
Dunfermline, 205.
Dungannon,
Duns, 201.
238.
Durham,
15,47, 86.
Hoxne,
137.
Edinburgh,
Elgin, 20.
see B.
of England.
Bank
of
see
Bank of
Ireland.
Man,
27, 243-248.
Exeter
Strand.
Jersey, 240, 241, 242.
Keighley,
18, 180.
Fintry, 25.
Flint, 191, 192.
Kent, 63.
Kilkenny, 27.
Killyleigh, 235.
Folkestone, 63.
Forfarshire, 206.
Kilrea, 238.
Lanark, 21.
Lanark
Galston Society,
264
Launceston,
33.
INDEX
I.
of,
227.
193.
Lemonsley
Mill, 128.
24.
13, 15, 16,33, S3, 54, 56,65, 70-79, 81, 86, 88, 91, 112, 114, 115,
24.
146, 189.
Midlothian, 22.
Limekilns, 205.
Lincoln, 68.
Lincolnshire, 66-69.
Lisburn, 232.
Liverpool, 64, 146.
Musselburgh, 204.
Lochearn,
23.
Lochvvinnoch, 24.
135.
London,
Newark,
91, 92.
Newcastle-on-Tyne, 86-90.
75, 76,
129.
Soho,
12,
74, 78.
56, 65,
Rathbone-place, 33,
Fields, 74.
7Q-73-
Goodman's
Charing Cross,
Thames-street,
St.
74.
Northampton, 38, 65. Northamptonshire, 85. North Cornwall, 33. North Lopham, 81. North Shields, 16. Northumberland, 16, 86-90. Norwich, 83, 84.
,,
Not
locals
see
Unknown
locality.
Cheapside,
Lad Lane,
77.
Old Stock Exchange, 77. Londonderry, 225. Londonderry, County of, 225, 238. London-road, South vvark, 138. Louth, county of, 226.
Louth, Lincolnshire, 68.
Lowestoft, 137.
Peebles, 211.
Peebleshire, 211.
Pembrokeshire,
Perry Barr, 129.
Perthshire, 22.
198.
Lynn,
Malone, 232.
Malton, 181.
Portadown, 233.
15, 64.
Manchester,
Portaferry, 236.
Portsea, 58.
Manx
see Isle of
Man.
1
Portsmouth,
Poulton, 64.
56, 59.
INDEX
Powell, 26.
I.
265
see
Strand
London.
Prestonpans, 207.
Priestfield, 121, 123.
Ramsay,
247, 248.
see
Sussex, 140-142.
Rathbone-place
Reading', 29.
London.
Redditch, 162.
Renfrewshire, 23. Retford see East Retford.
Richhill, 233.
154, 155,
^9,
194, 195-
109, 116.
Tavistock, 42.
Richmond,
Ripley, 138.
Risca, 150.
Teignmouth,
Thirsk,
41.
139.
18, 172.
Tipton, 133.
184-186.
19, 20.
Trowbridge,
104, 107.
Tullamore, 224.
84.
228, 238.
Unknown
Martin's Lane see London. Sawbridge worth, 62, 74, 75, 78. Scarborough, 170. Scorrier House, 35, 36, 121.
St.
31-133.
Scotland,
19, 25,
199-208.
Sedbury,
Sheffield,
143-158.
Wednesbury,
166,
133.
152,
153,
170-172
Welshpool,
197.
181-185, 253.
Sheffield
Workhouse,
14.
172, 181-183.
West Bromwich and Coseley, 133. West Bromwich, Oldbury, Tipton and
Brierley, 133.
Sherborne,
Shoreham,
135, 141.
Shropshire, 94.
Snedshill, 145.
34, 35.
Soho
see
London.
Sowerby Bridge,
Staffordshire,
1
186.
Withymoor,
134.
117.
Wiveliscombe, 116,
18-134.
134.
165.
Steyning, 142.
Stirlingshire, 25.
Wroxham,
Yarmouth,
Yorkshire,
Yorkshire,
84. 82.
17, 55, 73, 152,
166-186.
West Riding,
166.
Strabane, 228.
266
INDEX
Names of
A. on Isle of
II.
Issuers of Tokens.
Man
shilling, 27.
Bevington
tons.
see
22, 23.
Bird,
Edward
see Garratt
and Co.
Copper
Co.,
Birmingham and
152, 153-
Sheffield
Andrews, J. see Padley and Andrews. Arkwright and Co., 14. Arnold Works, 92. Atherton, James, 122. Avenell and Simmonds, 58.
Badger, T. and J., i6r, 162. Baker, William, 93.
Ballans, W., 64.
Birmingham and South Wales, 153. Birmingham Union Copper Co., 150,
151.
Birmingham Workhouse,
146-149.
of England,
1-8, 11-13.
of Guernsey, 240.
of Ireland, 8-10.
see Cattle
M.
Co., 259.
Barber
and Barber.
Board of Ordnance, 1 1. Bohay see Evans and Co. Bone and Co., 210.
Booth, William, 129. Bowen, Ben, 236.
Boxer, John, 63.
Bastin,
18, 176.
B. C.see
86, 88.
J.
T.
Collier)-,
Copper Co., 48-52. and Copper Co., 11 1, 114. Broughton, Sprout, Garnet and Sutton,
32.
Bean, James, 139 Beatson and Copeland, 245. Beck, Lant see Garratt and Co.
232.
Bed worth
Brumby
Martin, 67.
Co., 23.
Mill, 143.
Buchanan and
Bunn,
Butt,
J.
and
Co., 138.
Bently,
F. Co.), 213.
W.
Edward and
see
Francis, 69.
Butt
Caffin, B.
W.
B., 44.
W,
Callister,
Beverley
New
INDEX
Cark Cotton Works,
Carless and Co., 61.
15.
II.
267
42.
T.,
Devon Mines,
and
Comer
Colliery, 27.
19.
and Barber,
173-175.
Dolcoath Mine, 34. Dorchester Bank, 43. Dore, William see Whitchurch and Dore. Douglas Bank Co., 243, 244, 246, 247.
Douglass, A. D., 202.
Chapman
see Stovin
and Chapman.
Dove
see Littler,
Dromore, Countess
Dudley, John,
59.
Chaston,
J.,
137.
Dunham and
Eggo, John,
Elliott,
Ellis,
Yallop, 83.
Elam ,swRatcliffe,ElamandThurbon.
John, 89, 90.
Clarke, 16.
Clarke,
Clark,
J.
see
West and
William see Stanton and Co. Emerton, Elizabeth and Sons, 66. E. S., surmounted by a crown, 13. Evans, Bohay, Nott, and Gribble, 40. Evans see Ricketts and Co.
Exeter Change,
16.
M., 93.
Comper, Henry,
140.
166.
Cooksey, James, 133. Cooper, John and Co., 160. Copeland see Beatson and Copeland. Corbe see Forster and Corbe.
Corcer, 24.
James,
43, 144.
Fillingham, Co.
Fisher,
William see
Stansall
and
see Stansall and Co. Thomas, 235. Fletcher and Sharratt, 131, 133. Flint Copper Co., 131, 154. Flint Lead Works, 191, 192.
Fisher, Richard
and
Co., 162.
and
W.,
Frazer,
William
see
McDonell and
31.
Frazer
Fullarton, Colonel, 199, 200.
Dawson, Edward, 91. Deakin see Younge and Deakin. Deanston Cotton Mill, 23.
Gamson, John, 67. Garnett see Broughton and Co. Garratt and Grigg, 104, 106.
Garratt,
Fes.;
;
Terrell,
Wm.
;
Bird,
Edw.
Beck, Lant.
and Grigg,
268
Gateis,
S., 142.
INDEX
26.
24.
II.
Gibbons, M. D.,
Holland,
J.,
41.
Horton and
190.
House, W., 16. Hunton, John, 82. Hunt, Henry, 141. Hyde see Clayton and Hyde.
I.
Gomme, James,
Gosling
see see
30.
I.
Gough
B., 250.
I.
M.
P. R., 16.
T., 26.
Gregory
Gribble
Griffith,
Griffith, J.
see
see
Jackson and
Lister, 175.
W. Gerrard
Willoughby
189.
and Co.
Griffiths, R., 197.
Thomas and
Co.
Griffiths
Griffiths,
Griffin,
see
W. and
George,
Griffin,
134.
Grigg, F. H.
see Garratt
and Co.
Guppy,
H., 259.
112, 115.
Jobson see Shaw, Jobson and Co. Johnston see Bunn and Co. Johnston, W., 231. Jones, W. and Co., 71. Jordan and Co., 74.
J.
T.,
B. C, 202.
Halesowen Workhouse,
Hall, William, 234.
94.
Halse
see
Halstead,
W.
and Co.
15.
Hamilton,
retailers, 210.
James Henry,
24.
238.
King, A.,
159-
Hancock
Harding see Peels, Harding and Co. Harrop, John, 47. Harwood see Cook and Harwood. H. B., 260.
Hedley, Isaquey, 81,
91.
205.
164, 165.
Hemming, W.,
Henderson and
H. H., 254.
162,' 163.
Co., 46.
129.
Langm. Latham
Hobson,
and Sons,
183.
W., 25. Niblock and Latham. Laycock, James, 166. Leek, Thomas, 175.
. .
see
INDEX
Leith,
Lill
II.
269
W. C,
203.
see
Lister
Moor, Charles see Stansall and Co. Morgan, H., of London, 38-40, 54,
Lister.
104, 106.
Lintott
Littler,
Co., 244.
Lloyd,
Morgan, of Bristol, 106. Morgan, D. see Rees and Morgan. Morgan, M. L. Williams, M.D.
;
Lloyd, Samuel and Co., 71, 73. Lomer and Son, 60.
Williams,
Wm.,
193.
Longden and Gregory, 184. Lord and Marshall, 170. Lumb see Smalpageand Lumb.
McClure, Alexander, 231. McCully, John, 235, 236. McDonell, Angus, and Fraser,
William, 208.
Morris, of Carmarthen, 188. Morton, Alexander, 233. Moss, William, 189. M. and S., of Musselburgh, 204. Muir Kirk Iron Works, 19.
Muir,
J.
and
A., 24.
McEwen,
Machin
A., 203.
248.
and Machin.
81.
32.
23.
210.
Nevill and Co., 219. Newton, 83, 84. Niblock and Latham, 104, 107. Nicols see Pearce and Co.
Nimmo,
G., 207.
Co.
Marlborough Bank, 97. Marshall see Lord and Marshall. Mathews see Studd and Mathews. Meeson, James, 28. Menelaws, of Edinburgh, 202. Merle see Cox and Co.
Miller,
J.,
O'Neill, 26.
Orchard,
J.
see
203.
194.
27.
Parker
Montgomery, Hugh,
232.
N N
'270
INDEX
Manufactory,
112, 114, 115.
II.
Co., 154-6.
Pattison i^ Cox and Co., 203. Pearse, Ching, Nicols and Prockter,
Peel Castle, Isle of Man, 27.
Peels,
33.
Harding and
Co.,
118, 119.
Rothsay Cotton Works, 19, 20. Rothsay Mills, 19, 20. Round, Abel, 133. Rudston and Preston, 168. Rushbury and Woolley, 118, 122, 124-6. Ryall, H. see Willoughby and Co.
Sandars, Samuel, 67. Saunders and Butt, 54.
Scott, A.
Scott,
I.
W. and
T-
see
Thomas and
Co.
Phillipson,
J. B., 140.
Phipps,
Picard,
J. J.
see
K., 176-180.
79.
Pew and
see
89.
Whitty,
14.
Shipham,
Short,
J.,
C.
26.
see Caffin
Prockter
and Co.
Proddy, A.,
Preston Preston
Simmonds
monds.
see
Avenell
and
Sim-
Sinkins, Mrs.
Sizers,
see
Ratley, 77.
Rawsons, I. W. and W., 65. Rea, Thomas, 238. Read, T. and W., 66. Readett, William see Stansall and Co. Redman, J. see Caffin and Co. Rees and Morgan, 194. Reid, Henry, 210. Remmington and Smith, 250, 251. Retford see East Retford.
Revolution Mill,
16.
Sparks,
W.
see
Moor, Fisher, Fillingham, Readett and Wilson, 91, 92. Stanton, Hancock, Wakefield and Co., and William Ellis, 91.
Stansall,
127.
Staverton Factory, 159, 160. Steele, John, 202. Stephens, Edward, 214-6, 218. Stephens,
J.
Ringland, William, 230, 231. Risca Union Copper Co., 150, 151. Robb, Alexander, 202.
Robertson, John, 86-88. Robinson, Francis, 47.
M., 59.
135.
INDEX
Stewart, A., 208. Stewart, John, 235.
II.
271
Westsee
68.
Stovin and
Chapman,
West Wheal Mine, 34, 35Clark, West and Co. W. F. B. and Co., 219.
74.
Swanage Friendly
Society, 46.
53, 54.
Tanner see King and Co. Tate, John and Son, 16. Tate and Lill, 226.
T. C. (Stafford), 119.
T. C. S. (Ripley), 138.
109,
no.
Whitehouse and
Whitty,
14.
Co., 133.
Whyte, Thomas,
Wilkins, R. B.,
25.
58.
Thirsk Association,
Thistle
Bank Company,
J-,
22.
203.
Thorn,
203.
;
Thomas and
Phillips Jardine Lloyd and W. and J. Phillips, 198. Thomason, Sir Edward, 149. Thomson, T., 204. Thompson, I. and B., 161.
Williams
;
see
Morgan and
;
;
Co.
;
Sinkins, Mrs.
Griffith,
and
108, 109.
H., 129.
Ratcliffe
and Co.
Wilson
105, 107.
see
Union Copper
W. "Swan with two necks," 77. Wilsons see Younge, Wilsons and Younge. Wise, Alexander, 203.
Wade, Wade,
Francis, 136.
J. S., 136.
162.
Wainwright and Co., 61. Wakefield and Co. see Stanton and Co. Wakeford, W. S. and J., 57, 60.
Wallis, Richard, 161, 162.
Woolley see Rusbury and Woolley. Worcester Overseers, 161. Worcester House of Industry, 164. Worcester Porcelain Co., 165.
W.
R., 26.
Walsall Church,
14.
Ward,
H., 43.
72, 77.
188.
Warren, Robert,
Dunham and
Yallop.
170.
Watts
see
W. C.-C,
Younge and
Younge,
Co., 171.
S. C.
and
N N
272
INDEX
A. B. Token Issuer, 101.
Adair, James, 229.
III.
Miscellaneous Subjects.
Beck, Launcelot, 100-2.
Beckett and Co., Bankers, 169.
59, 135.
195.
Belfast
Belfast
of, xlviii,
236.
Altamont, Earl
227.
Ampers' and (&), 16. Andover Bank, 57. Andover "Star and Garter," 57. AngelPs History of Halesowen, 94. Armagh, Stuarfs Historical Memoirs
of,
Belfast
Museum,
235.
233.
92.
Bewicke Main
of,
Colliery, 88.
Arnold Works,
Arts, Society
94.
Edward,
100-2.
167.
Atherton James, 122. Atkins' \%th Century Toketis, 13, 16, 17,48,58,62, 75-9, 107, 137, 141,
146, 157, 200, 202-4, 206, 211, 222, 226, 228, 246, 247.
1
Birkinshaw, of Doncaster,
156
Co.,
210,
88.
Bishop, John, 55. Black Prince-row, Walworth, 139. Blake, Robert, 83.
Bliss Collection,
4,
11,
14,
Ballaugh, Ramsay,
of M., 247.
Ballyloghnegany, 231.
Bank Note of the Token Bank, Bank of England dollar, 1, 2. Bank Quay, Warrington, 128.
Banks
Collection, 208.
Board of Ordnance,
11.
Banks, Miss, 75. Banks, Sir Joseph, 200. Barge Yard, 44.
Barker, Samuel, 83. Barnstaple Bank, 40.
Bowies' Collection,
3, 4, 7, 11, 13, 14, 22, 28, 34, 99, 101, 138, 145, 187.
Tokens
1,
see
4-12,
Boyne's
Silver
Tokens,
2,
Basingstoke Canal,
Bastin and Co., 54. Bath Chronicle, 5,
60.
101,
105,
43-6, 54-9, 64-8, 70-4, 80-82, 85-7, 9i, 92, 95, 96, 98-100, 103-9, n8, 119, 135, 136, 140-3, 145, 146, 159, 166-74, 178, 188, 191, 194, 195, 199, 212, 213, 222, 233, 236, 243, 244, 249, 250.
Batty's Tokens,
Bauert, Mr., 75.
Bready,
co.
Tyrone, 232.
Bazaar
129,
180,
113.
INDEX
Bristol Bridge, 104.
Bristol
III.
273
86.
Cook, Samuel,
Bristol
Bristol
to,
107,
108.
108.
103.
Britannia dollar,
British
British
Copper
Museum
Countermarked Tokens,
Countermarks,
Coventry, 23.
5.
14-28, 226.
Crown Copper
77.
16.
Bryan, E., 98. Burn's London Traders' Tokens, Bury, Gillingwater's History of,
Butt, Messrs., 69.
Davidson, John,
225, 228.
90.
195.
W. J. W. J.,
see
Token Coinage.
91.
Dawson, Edward,
Dean
and
Co., 61.
Cartwright,
Cattle
Thomas,
Derbyshire Peak,
32.
40.
and Barber,
Chambers' Encyclopaedia, 243. Channel Islands, 240-2. Chapman see Stovin and Chapman. Charge, Benjamin, 140. Charing Cross, 33.
Charles Charles
I.,
Devonshire Bank, 40. Devonshire Arms, 72. Dickens, Charles, 77. Die Sinkers, indexed under their names. Dixon, die sinker, 146, 259. Dollar, Bank of England, 1, 2.
Shield,
1, 4. 1.
61, 70.
II., 15.
Britannia,
Garter,
3.
128.
Countermarked,
11.
Cheadle Copper and Brass Co., Cheesman, John, 142. Cheltenham, 54, 55, 91.
Down
,,
co.
A7icient
of,
and present
state
236.
Chetwynd
243Christie,
231, 234-7,
Clayton,
Thomas,
141.
85.
49.
Eddystone Lighthouse,
Edward Edward
I.,
16.
III.,
23.
274
INDEX
6,7-
III.
Griffon, 234.
Grimsby,
67.
12, 118.
Grueber, H. A.,
Guppy, Samuel,
29.
112.
William, 91.
82.
Halesowen,
Halliday,
94.
Exeter Change,
see
London.
sinker, 27, 29, 30-32, 34-40, 43-47, 53-55, 57-61, 63-68, 70-74, 77, 80-88, 90-92, 94, 95> 97-99; 103-110, 1 12-130, 133, 135)136, 138,140-142, 146, I49-I55*
159, 161-167, 169-195, 198, 209, 213-215, 219-221, 241-247, 251256, 258-260.
Thomas, die
93.
Hancock, die sinker, 146, 157, 158. Hancock, John Gregory, die sinker,
156, 157, 212.
3,
10.
Hancock, Mr., 75. Hancock, Wakefield and Harrison, Cooke and Co., Hase, Henry, 12. Heaton, Mr., 70.
Hedley, Isaquey,
Hilles,
81.
Co., 91.
88.
James, 213.
S., printer, 87, 88.
Flint
Lead Works,
Hodgson,
165.
Holinshed, 40.
Holland, Philemon, 158.
Frome,
109.
67.
191.
Gamson, John,
and
Co., 166.
15, 16.
Houndsditch,
76.
82.
Hunton, John,
"George"
Hyde
Illustrated
16.
London News,
J., 12.
149.
Ingleby, S. and
Glasgow Bank Co., 21. Glastonbury, Abbot of 43. Glendining and Co., 3. Glyn and Co., 85.
Golding, Charles
82, 136.
175.
James
III, 22.
Coinage of Suffolk,
76.
16.
W., 233.
109.
Griffith
and Gough,
INDEX
Jones, John, 160.
III.
275
11.
1
Mionnet's scale,
Jordan and
Co., 74.
00.
Modern Birmingham,
1
8 1 8, 151.
Kempson and
Kempson,
Kilkenny Traders, 27. Knapp, John, Junior, 164. Knox, John, 230.
Kiichler, die sinker, 217, 220, 221.
1, 3, 4, 8, 9,
Monck, J. B., M.P., 29. Montagu collection, 8. Montgomery, Hugh, 232. Monthly Chronicle, 233. Monthly Magazine, 1 36.
Moor, Charles, 92. Morgan, H. and Co., die sinkers,
70,
183,
Morland, Henry, 77. Morland, Ransom and Co., 21. Morning Chronicle, London, 76,
Morris Family Arms, 188.
78.
Morton, Alexander, 233. Mossop, die sinker, 213, 219-222. Mount, Alexander, Earl of, 232.
Lincoln, 7^.
Liverpool, 64.
Neath Abbey,
Nelson, Lord,
128.
17, 185.
Lomer, W.,
60.
London London
Neumann,
201-204, 2 3-
Newcastle Chronicle, 76. Newport, 33. Newport, I. of Wight, 58. Newton, silversmith, 84.
11
Niblock,
J.,
104, 107.
Macfadyen
Ninepence Token,
Anti-
8, 9.
Norman
Norman
Madden,
Mr., 75.
15, 16, 23, 25, 49, 52, 89, 132, 157, 161, 196, 206, 210,
collection,
224, 249.
Survey, 109.
91.
59.
Mayo
Order of St. Andrew, 22. Order of the Thistle, 22. Otho de Tilli, 167.
Overend, John, 233.
Padley, Sylvanus, 194. Palmer's John Wilkinson, 146. Parker, Joseph, 132.
276
INDEX
97.
III.
Parkes,diesinker,2i3,2i5,2i7,2i8,257.
Rose Copper
Roskell, Tipton
and
Co., 192.
Peak
in Derbyshire, 40.
Round, Abel, 133. Royal Exchange, 121. Ruding, Annalsof/he Coinage, 238, 240. Rushbury and Woolley, 118. Ryall, Henry, 109.
St.
St.
St.
Andrew, Order of, 22. Michael Mount, 34, 35. James Street, Walthamstow,
54.
49.
Phipps,
Picard,
J.,
95.
W.
G., 31.
Shakespeare Token, 156. Sharp, T., Catalogue of Provincial Copper Coins, 34-36, 41, 42, 48,
60, 74, 77, 83, 84, 92-94, 116, 117, 120-129, I 3 2 I 34> 137, 146-155, 160-165, 175-178, 181, 183-185, 188, 189, 192, 195, 209,
52,
55,
1
55.
109- 1
4,
'
"The George"
213, 214,221,225,251-254,258,259.
Inn, 58.
reference to
Portuguese Dollars,
Poulton, 64.
96.
Shield dollar,
1, 4.
Preston
see
Preston's sale,
Prince Regent's
tailor, 55.
8.
94.
Stephen, 31.
169.
Ratley, 77.
41.
22.
Reading Arms,
Redrutn,
36.
29.
Soho,
5.
Sotheby and
75.
16.
Reeves, Mr.,
Revolution Mill,
Reynolds, F. R.,
Ricketts,
Riley, J.
Henry
de, 131.
114.
Robertson, T. G.,
Thomas,
92.
Star newspaper,
143, 240.
88,
129,
Romsey,
59.
INDEX
Statesman, The, newspaper, 40.
Stephens, Edward, 216, 218.
Stephens,
J.
III.
277
200.
M., 59.
Salt, 32.
Stevenson and
Storrs,
Wallace Halfpenny, Warberg, Mr., 75. Ward, Henry, 43. Warren, James, 77. Warren, Robert, 77.
101.
Warwick
Assizes, 12.
Stovin and
Chapman, 68. Stuart see Armagh. Summergang's House, Hull, Sun newspaper, 77.
Surrey Zoological Gardens,
179.
76.
98.
178.
Swan
Washington, 12. Waters, 138, 139. Waters, Robert, banker, 188. Weare, G. E., 107. Weare, Mr., 115. West, Admiral, 42. Whalley, James, 53. Whitchurch, Samuel, 96, 97. Whitehouse and Co., 133.
Wilkes, Job, 128.
Wilkins, R. B., 58.
W.
J.,
Teath
river, 23.
9, 10.
Tenpenny Token,
William
52.
Bank
Order
Sir
Thomason,
Edward,
W.
29,
122,
149,
112.
180, 186.
Three shillingsToken, armoured bust, 5. Three shillings Token, laureatehead, 6. Thurbon, John, 31. Times newspaper, 82. Token bank note, 10 1. Token Coinage of Warwickshire, 129,
148, 157, IS8.
Wilson, Thomas,
Winchester, Bishop
of, 94.
Windsoi
Winstanley, Mr.,
75.
Tokens, Collections of, indexed under owners' names. Tokens, Notices referring to, 107, 108,
115, 116, 134, 143,170,180,229,236.
Woolsack, The, 23. Worcester Herald, 1 34. Worcester House of Industry, Worcester Porcelain Co., 165. Wright, Edward, 144. Wright, James, 206.
164.
Wyon,
die sinker, 77, 92, 136, 137, 143146, 148, 167, 175, 206, 216, 219.
Wyon,
Peter, die sinker, 47, 49, 83, 86, 8 7, 93> 95. 9 6 "o, 116, 121, 127, 128, 130-132, 136-138, 141, 217, 218, 222, 249, 250.
.
235.
Wyon, Thomas,
42, 50-52, 224, 240.
die sinker,
83,
6,
9,
17,
60,
159,
160,
185,
Y.
and D.
see Sheffield.
Wade,
J. S., 136.
Yarmouth coach,
Wainwright,
B., 61.
-^r
J.
37,
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