Catalogue of Prehistoric Antq Museum of Cal
Catalogue of Prehistoric Antq Museum of Cal
PEEHI8T0RIC ANTIQUITIES
IN
THE
IISTD
IAN
MUSEUM
J.
C06GIN BROWN
ARCH^OLOGICAL SURVEY
OF INDIA
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CATALOGUE RAISONNE
OF THE
CALCUTTA
BY
J.
F.G.S.,
EDITED BY
SIR
JOHN MARSHALL,
SIMLA
GOVERNxMENT CENTRAL PRESS
1917
Price Rs. i-8 or 2s. 4d.
CONTENTS.
INTRODUCTION
PALJEOLITHS
Kurnool
District
13 J 3
^
Pages.
114
1517
District
...
1820
,
cSoutbem inaia
^,
...
2027 27-46
Unkuown
localities ia
Madras
...
4647
...^
47-57
..
Nerbudda Valley
Godavari Valley
...
5758
58-62
...
...
,..
..
6266 6667
Eajputana
...
...
..
...
..
6768
^EOLITHS
I^orth Arcot District
...
f
''Southern India
69
Falem District
...
...
6970
Coorg
\
'"
1
...
...^
70-75
75119
119122
...
Indus Valley
(Norttern India (Western)
Baluchistan
122
(
122130
Assam
...
...
(
...
130-133 133139
139
Burma
Andaman
...
,,
,,,
...
Islands
localities
...
Unknown
...
139-140
COPPERAGE ANTIQUITIES
Bengal
...
.
~~
...
140142
United Provinces
Central Provinces
...
...
112146
146-151
151152
152
153
...
...
Western Cliina
Locality
...
UuknovD
...
...
.
...
154
155
PLATES
% 155
TNTRODUCTIOlSr.
Most
of the prehistoric antiquities o
tlie
by
officers of the
by members
this
of
the
Archaeological
Survey of India
was undertaken
at
the
wiyh of
Sir
now
rest,
and ^ar*
/Jfl55/^
with
its
museum,
after
having
many
The arrangement
arily geographical.
Chronologically, I
the
following four
groups,
which are
now
universally
recognised
as
human
1. THE
shorter stages, as
has
been accomplished with such success in Europe, and, until detailed investigations are carried out in caves or in the river deposits of this
country,
it
is
will
be made.
The
industrial
remains
history
by the
human
are strictly comparable with similar types found in most other countries of
supposed to belong
is
a matter which
composed of quartzite,
Bruce Foote was of the opinion that ten distinct forms could easily be
recognised, but
I prefer to divide
:
the Indian
Palaeolithic
artifact? into
"celt
houchers,
" and
'
Introduction]
[Pal^otithic Age.
the
include the axe and cleaver-like forms including " Guillotine " types j and discoid forms.
"Madras^* and
to those
late
The first chipped stone implement found in India was discovered by the R.Bruce Foote, of the Geological Survey of India, on May 30th, 1863,
at Pallavaram near ]\Iadras, and from that time to the present day they have
are localised
collected in the
Central
as yet
The
situations
in
the
first in
le vel
gravel s
Coromandel
coast.
I have given full details of the occurrence of unnecessary to repeat them here.
all
and
it is
Only two
cases are
known
"
'
which
palseoliths
of extinct animals.
The
first is
Narsinghpur
is
district, in
The second
V
\
one obtained by
Wynne
The former
imj)lenaents
is
latter
a worked flake.
It has been
stated
were
discovered
Palseoliths that
which I
refer to
as
tiuiin^".
teeth
of
in the
Karnul
district of
but
it
necessary to mention
them
here.
No human
found
in India.
2. THE NEOLITHI C
The theory that a great
period
Introduction.]
the Neolithic races of
the
[Neolithic Age.
river
iu
that
region,
Foote
discovered
action
in a
bed of coarse
were piled
thickness
in
by
of
the action of the river, and over this again nearly 200 feet
blown
loess
On
hills
level loess,
which occurs
remains of
away from
the river,
discovered.
knives and
away
its
The relics
area
to
of the
ern India, but the artifacts of the Neolithians are spread over a
.
much wider
influenced
At
been
manufacture of
the
south of
Cauvery,
The extreme
in
rarity
of
the latter
They occur all along the ranges which border the Gangetic plains on the south, and are very prevalent iu Bundelkhand, in certain parts of the United Provinces, and in the northern districts of the
are
in
common
Hyderabad.
Central Provinces.
vast area which
lies
Many
between
Bombay
Recorded instances
(with the exception
rare,
flakes
but the
much
attention,
A few
Assam
Though
made
in
flatter parts of
and in Bihar.
Himalayas, in
also
Burma and
the
S'han
States,
and
in
Seistan.
The variety
of
implements and
[Neolithic Age.
tools
much
to
greater than
in the Palaeolithic.
The Foote
and 32
collections
in
the
tjpes^
of
which 41 belong
and
few exceptions,
they are identical with such objects from Europe and other countries.
The
Palaeolithic races
favoured
light-coloured
quartzites
for
their
work,
whereas the Neolithic remains are almost without exception fashioned from the dark trap rocks which occur so plentifully in the dykes traversing the
crystalline strata of the southern peninsula, or intruding into the
younger
from the
overlie them, or
The foUowiog
list
implements and ornaments made was compiled by FootOj and, although all the forms
Museum
collections,
it
will
Ground
1.
or carved,
objects.
Adzes, 2 types.
2.
3.
Amulets.
Anvils.
y
"-v
4.
5. 6.
stones*
7. 8.
Chisels of 6 types.
9. Corncrushers.
10. Cylinders.
11. Discs.
human.
animal.
square,
Hammers,
roimd.
16.
17.
belted. Hammerstones,
18. Hones.
19.
Mace
heads.
situ.
Moaling
and rounded
and shallow.
23.
Mealing troughs, 2
types, deep
24. Mortars.
Introduction.]
25.
[Neolithio Age.
MuUers.
39.
40. Phalli.
41. Pendants.
Unpolished Artifacts.
1.
Anvils, rough.
2. 3.
Arrowheads, 3 types.
Bone
splitters.
4.
Burins, 2 types.
5. Cores,
6.
6 types.
Discs.
7. Flakes, 5 types.
8. Plakers.
9.
Knives,
10.
Lance heads.
11. Lancets.
12. Mallets.
13. Potting stone for potters,
14. Pendants.
15. Saws.
16. Scalpels-
small round.
extended.
many
Introduction.]
23. 24.
[Neolithic Aob,
WedgeS; worked.
unworked.
The
described as follows
:
with oval edges,
square edges.
1. Celts
2.
3.
1.
)>
5.
blunt butts,
6.
7,
round
sides,
bevelled sides,
8.
9.
10.
11.
13.
curved
edges.
Battle-axe type,
Of the
3.
V
)>
JJ
4.
5.
)i
9)
3)
6.
Axe-hammer with a narrow, long body. Axe-bammer with a short, thick and broad body.
to be recognised
Of the
adzes,
Adze,
short.
2.
long.
The
made
stones,
hammerstones,
hematite,
granite, gneiss,
quartzite,
"
"
and
grits
^^,
of
the
which Dharwar and Gondwana systems. The so-called pygmy flints are found in great profusion amongst the off-shoof^^r^tne~ Vindhyans
in
are believed to
agate, jasper
They
Introduction.]
[Neolitiiio Age.
have been obtained from the open surface of the ground, from undei* earthy
deposits on the floors of rock shelters and caves, and from tumuli which also
pottery.
The
walls
pygmy
flintS;
rough drawings
in ruddle
or hematite.
Kaimur
Range, and
that some of the drawings are of Neolithic age. Beautiful examples of this art
have recently been found in caves near Raigarh, in the extreme east of the Central Provinces. Specimens of earthy ml hematite, which have been
rubbed down to produce a red colour-wash, have
])uen discovered at
no
less
sites in
Museum contains many specimens from the Hazaribagh district in Bihar. Two small palettes for grinding down this material to produce rousfc have
been described from Bellary, and from Maski in the Raichur Doab.
of prehistoric scoria
by some authori-
date from
Neolithic
celts
cre-
mation
until
of
later
date,
district
alone, over
two
be
judged at present,
the majority belong to fairly modern times, others to the Iron Age, while
a few
may
be Neolithic.
The type
hole in
tomb^ so
is
common
also
in
the
distributed
throughout Britain,
Franco,
Central Germany, Scandinavia, Sardinia, The cup markings found on the stones of dolmens
mama/
\-i
'irt'-^---'-
India.
found in Kashmir.
practised
dead was
certain
dis-
Adichanallur in
the
Tinnevelly
to
may
be ancient,
believe
that
it is of
more recent
date.
There
is
a very remark-
P allavar am
in
Neolithic age and certain terracotta coffins discovered near Bagdad, and also
between the
latter
identical in
shape,
rise to interesting
Introduction.]
[Neolithic Aqf
that o Babylonia
for
and Assyria.
apparently used
of
funeral
prototype
country.
now
met with
in
of this
Two
forms
of the earliest
Etruscan hut-urns figured in Birch's " History of Ancient Pottery " very
strongly resemble modern forms,
Harsani in
Baroda,
Mandu
in the
Many
Neolithic.
finds
of
prehistoric
pottery
are
tentatively
considered to be
the districts of
Anantapur,
Cuddapah, Kurnool, Tinncvelly, Salem, Bellary and across Mysore, Hyderabad, Baroda, Kathiawar,
Baluchistan and
sites of
other regions. In
South India,
pottery
is
often
factories,
by no
later
means an absolute
as
it
is
especially
exceedingly
In the British
Bronze
of
age, and neither the comparative coarseness of fabric, nor the style
the
We
are confronted
difficulty in India,
"The
facies
of
the typical
be dull-coloured
with but
little
distinguished
ly showing rich colours and highly polished surfaces, with, in some cases, There has been a true evolution in the elaborate and artistic mouldings.
potter's
craft
to
This was
The pottery
of the protohistoric
Kistn a
district,
times as found on the great mounds at Gudivada in the shows many changes from the typical Iron age finds of
Hill, in
Narsipur,
shows
at
numerous bronze
objects,
many
of
which are of great beauty, from the cemetries of the South, do not belong to an age characterised by the sole use of that alloy. Needless to say India is
rNTRODTJCTION.]
not the only
[CoppET?
AqE
ANTlQUITIFa.
Copper or of Bronze.
Before considering
list
Nortliern India
it will
be useful to give a
Implements composed
Northern India,
iu the
Upper Ganges
I
valley, four in
in Baluchistan
and two
the
North
West
Frontier Province.
am
if
am
unable to trace any records of them in literature availthey have been recorded at
all."^'
it is
doubtful
\]\)
flat celts, 1
6 barbed spear or
United
harpoon heads.
i>
They
.^i,
rrovmces.
Museum
At
l^
this pltice
Cunningham excavated
a flat copper
celt
Copper harpoon
The Calcutta
head and
Mainpuri, between
Ganges
27''
\ pet of rings
from
this locality,
may
represent a
human
Fate.hg.rh on the Ganffe.s Lat. 27=
23'
:
figure,
Tho
j^^^^^
Long. 79"
36'.
Calcutta
collection.
and 1
lance
in
or
are
now
Lueknow
Long 80
18'.
museums.
press, I
* While
these pages
Lueknow Museum.
i_n
Still later,
Journal of luc A-.ia/io Soriefi/ of jBf^aiby"'th8 Curator I have examined numbers of flat copper eel's from various
localities
Bi har.
me by
."~"
""
Sir
Edward
Gait, S'.ClsTi
10
Introduction.]
[Copper
Age
Antiqujties.
Spear and harpoou heads obtained from the bed o the Ganges are said
Pariar near Bitbu r.
*^^^'^"<'**
jCawjpore
to be
stored
in
large
numbers
in
the
to the British
obtained at this
Tamajuri, Midnapur
district,
obtained near
Long. 86
(big villao-e.
40'.
are
supposed to be
uiifi-
wished
Celts of _the^
Midnapur
type, are
..
district.
--
the great cache of copper implements found so;ne thirty years ago
neighbourliood of the Baragunda copper mine by Dr. Saise.
Bhagotoro, Karachi
Lat.
district, Siud.
54'..
the
A
in
copper celt
is
recorded from
lost.
this
i^
26: Long. 67
locality,
but
it
appears to be
a silver bracelet,
are
7 y
^
I
Baluchistan.
is
''the
most imuor-
G ungeria.
80
8'.
Balaghat District,
yet recorded in
Ti locality
i
The
Central Provinces.
i-
lies
much
,i
than 424 hammered copper implements, made of weighing collectively 829 pounds and 102 thin ; eilver_pjates, weighing 801 tolas were " discovered here.
less
others.
In 1870 no
The
copper
in
flat celt',
of many different shapes. There are also many Ion? crowbar-like instruments with an expanded lunette-shaped chisel edge at the lower end, which may be designated as '' bar celts.- The silver objects are al Naming, about the thickness of ordinary paper, comprising two classes, namely, circular discs and
-The surprisinglv large number in the distinct implements, adaptable to a great variety of domestic, agricultural, or warlike purposes, affcrds conclusive evidence that at one time the manufacture of implements of pure copper
Gungeria hoard of very
^'bulls'
heads.-
(See Plate
X)
was conducted
Introduction.]
in India
11
upon
ail
400 such
implements should have been collected in a single deposit, unless they were
of a kind in
common, ordinary
use''
(Vincent Smith).
The Guugeria
deposit, although
found south
its
of the
Nerbudda
river,
is
clearly to be associated
by reason of
cast on the
ornaments, but
no reason to suppose
by which
which are
copper
too,
is
extracted from
its ores,
the highly
galenas
known
some
localities.
silver pieces
with
in Spain
In 1913, a
copper ce lt
It
is
now
in the
Peshawar
Museum,
copper celt was submitted to
In 1014, a primitive
flat
me by
i
Sir
for
Edward
examiit
Gait,
Saguna, Palamau, Bihar. .-_^
K.C.S.I,,
n
C.I.E.,
i
locality,
where
was
ploughed up by a villager
in
copper
fa
i-
implements
all
aci-oSs
and
Him alayas
to the
Cg^wjij^Te^^^^^^
PreMsioru
B ronze Implements
of India.
There are only seven recorded implement s from the Indian Empire to which the term " bronze '' can with propriety be given. As none of thetn aie
in the Calcutta collection, I do not propose to give details of
them
here.
The
far as
it is
investi-
am
"
Mv conclusion
of a prehistoric
is
is
implement found in India which was made of true ample That example bronze, deliberately and knowingly manufactured as such.
being unique, I infer that
satisfied that the evidence
it
is
must have been of_J^r^jg^ origin ..... I am amount required to prove the
We
far
j
as
Age
12
Introduction.]
[Eauly
Ib,on
Age
Antiquities.
India a
Age
and that
in Nortberii
Copper Age intervened between the Neolithic period and the Iron Age.
The
questions
may
Age
?
be asked.
What was
?
the duration
did they
this
of the Neolithic or
of the Bronze
periods of culture
When
Such questions
where
cannot at
juncture
answer-
Even
in countries
prehistoric
archaeology, and
have been
worked
out,
commencement
misleading.
the
Neolithic
Age^ are
more
is
than
likely
to
be
impracticable.
4. EARLY
The
illegible
;
transition between
for the
is
very
races
period,
On
no other hypo-
we account
for
mode
of living.
and developed
its
broadest
As
it
in
advantageous
make changes
soonest.
sites
'^
No
protohistoric
or prehistoric
full
laud which
reveal
com-
known
some other
doubtless
countries.
diffioulties
When
be
overcome.
The
question
of the exact date of the introduction of iron into Southern India has been ap-
good grounds, that the Neolithic races of the Southern Peninsula did not possess any seafaring inclinations. Vincent Smith doubts whether the
maritime commerce of the South Indian ports on any considerable
goes back to very remote ages, and,
further^, believes soale,
of iron for stone in Dravidian India probably took place under the influence of foreign example and teaching from and
after
TOO B.C.
This
is.
about
the time
when the
intrusive northern
races
began
to penetrate
the broad
iNTRODucnoN.]
barrier of juugle
la
The date
is
writings of
to Goldstucker
and Bhandarkar,
flourii-hed
is
about
nnlhinL;; of
13.
the South.
Katyayana, who
supposed to
C, was acquainted with some of the races of the extreme South and Patau jali, who flourished about 150 B.C., shows " The probability an intimate acquaintance with Southern India.
;
liad
the
seventh
knowledge was
(Vincent Smith
)
Katyayana/'
Speaking generally,
Southern India came
in
the most
metal into
late period.
set
of circumstances
to very
is
mot with,
and the
first
use of iron
remote antiquity. To
indicates that the
" literary
evidence
iron
into
the north-west of
compensatiou of the Rig Veda and anterior to that of the Atharva Veda.
The
latter
work,
''
which
is
"
1500'
In Babylonia iron came into use towa-vds the close of the period
it
There
is
may be due
and Tigris
of the
EupU"
to
now taken by
which
for
some milleniuras
earlier
iron was occupied by copptJr, had supplied the material from which
The
flat
copper
Celts,
which
Cupies
may
not prove
much know at
as
it
to
we
from the
is
The harpoon,
age.
be of
claim
variety
this
as
an
The
of
types iu
which must
1 the
have
assumption that
knowledge of the
iron
came
to
14
iNTRODncTioN.]
its
there
is
some reason
to
suppose
tliat
smelting and
casting
copper
may
have
come from
that,
direction too.
of Telloh in
ably beyond
that country.
The geographical
divisions
in
which
list
the
In the preparation of the catalogue I have made free use of the works of
Eoote and Vincent
Smith, and in a
lesser
degree, of other
authorities
study of prehistoric
should
consult
the
The
who
desires
this
informatiou
British
Museum
PALiBOtlTHS.]
[KURNOOt DISTRICT.
15
PALiEOLITHS.
KURNOOL
The Kurnool
district
DSTRICT.
palteolitLic remains.
The
collection
were obtained by R. B.
Foote and
W.
King
o the
&
1866, and an
given in the
by Dr.
King-.
The
following'
pp. 139-112)
:
1865, frequent chipped stone implements of the different types
in
In
x\pril
the neighbourhood
Madras, were found lying scattered over the surface of the eastern side
the
Khoondair or central valley of the Kuddapah (Cuddapah) and 'V\;X\vU Kurnool districts of that Presidency. They were principally found in that
lies in
is,
the
flat
an
either
ng
of
or
short,
or less regular
the stone,
and
in the
same
head,
met by
lateral
It was not so
commonly
larly,
more
or less irregu;
or, as
was
little lateral
valleys
of the
In the
implements appeared
gravel
to
ed out of
the layer
or
layers
of
show
in
The
villages of Roodrar and Madaypoor, and the country between as well as south and north of them. Several good specimens were found in situ about the same
places.
vels",
to
any extent
the eastern side of the Khoondair valley. Here, these .gravels appear in
the
of
streams
this
side
the Khoond depression, and they are exposed in nearly every well that has The depobeen sunk within four to six miles of the base of the mountains.
sit
or less
fllled
particles,
shingle occur
in irregular layers
but generally they run into one another and often form a thick bed at
16
Pat.;^oljth3.]
[Kurnool
District.
there
is
The implement
comformably by a
sandy
deposit, with
of
fine
gravel,
The same
coarse
are
found at intervals
all
the
way down
to the
Madras
Taluq.
area,
all of
but often
it
is
While King was working up the Madaypoor stream, he examined the banks as closely as possible, and at ];i>t recognised the apparently
rounded and edged end
shingle bed
oval
:
of
in the
it
sandy
cla}',
below
Nearlj'
imme-
at
about four
feet
still a
At the bottom of
the
the
Ullamoor
s tr eam.
They were
much
the surface
the other
on the sloping edge of a cemented gravel bank They were both flat ovals.
King
also
banks of these streams, of scattered fragments of light and dark coloured chert, some of which looked like small manufactured flakes. The imple-
all
of
to
quartzite,
is
elevation of the
feet
Khoondair
referred
from
to
nine
hund red
above
the sea.
676. Boucher,
sides
chipped in
middle
purplish quartzite.
PALaiOLITHS
[KURNOOL DISTRICT.
;
17
R. B. F.
678. Palceolith, large, axe or cleaver,
oblique edge
;
one face
pebbled,
one face
flat,
quartzite. R. B. F.
curved oval
8.
dark bluish-
grey quartzite. R, B. F.
PI.
l,Jig.
oval
;
weathered, fine-grained
R. B. F.
by
joint
plane
quartzite.
R. B. F.
;
purj)lish quartzite
with discoloured
683. Boucher, small, ovoid
684>.
lateritic gravel
;
on surface. R. B. F.
Boucher, small,
B. F.
pear-shaped
sharp edge
g^lli,
all
round
brown
Kistmunshatti
Kurnool
district?,
W.
King.
large, axe or wedge, flat sides, thick
;
686. Palseolith,
butt, sharp
cres-
ceutic edge
district.
brown
King.
B aiapilly
Kurnool
W.
PI. 1, Fig. 3.
;
Baiapilly.
W.
King.
;
quartzite.
Iti
brown tinted
PI. 1, Fig. 7.
W.
situ
King.
lateritic
gravel sticking
on face
.:
dis-
fine-grained
quartzite.
INIadaypoor
stream.
W.
King.
;
banded slatey-
green quartzite.
692. Boucher,
ovoid,
W.
King.
Vertical
shapely
brownish
tinted quartzite.
W.
King.
all
edge
worked
PI. 1,
round
bluck
chert.
Madaypoor.
W.
King.
Fig. 6^
18
Paljdoliths.]
DISTRICT.
lies
mouth
of the Kistna
and
many
by
handiwork,
in
the
shaj)e
of
palaeolithic types.
were found, beds of shingle and gravel were having once existed there, or at no great
'^Ontlie
Geological
also found, or
/</.,
Vol^XVI^
Ft.
1., p.
86.)
we
learn
from
W.
King,
lateritic deposits
are not
only spread out over the surface of the Nellore plateau, but are found in
scattered patches all over the country.
are
found to
of gravel
all
and
pisolitic
Cuddapah
the
which
are
called
the
implement-bearing
gravels,
because
known
of these
in the
Madras Presidency
The discovery
King had
left this
having found them nearly everywhere else on this coast in these lateritic deposits and in the gravels, it is highly probable that they do occur in the present area (W. King, " The uiieiss and Transition Rocks and other Formations of the Nellore Portion of the Carnatic.^' Mem., Geol. Surv. Ind., Vol.
XVI,,Pt.
It
2, p. 71).
may
ingly
small,
of
one recorded
palseolith,
protohistoric
It
was formed
Pal^oliths.]
half of the
district.
19
When
district aud the northern tahiqs of the Nellore used here the term refers to the older geographical division.
The
{loc.
eit,
are
The
Gudlur
conglomerate of the
Ramapatam
area,
(Goodloor), includes
many
angular quartz
implements and
From
the
Kanduku r
area
several
very fine implements were obtained, to the east and west of Kandukur'itself
A much
unmapped
tributaries,
of the outlying
numerous
in the
Man eru
all
river, at
levels
above
at
gunla,
at
Sa lla\yarpalle
_^and at
also
at
Kattakindapale,
river.
Of
the places
especially,
though but
little
implements were found associated with the shingle beds near Irur and Iskapallc, and in the one which lies like a talus at the
Further west
still,
Vaimpad
guartzitejnlls south of
deserve
Pamur.
They
are generally
more
or less ferruginous.
latitude
2.3
15 at which implements
region
is
Ramiapalle,
miles north-west-by-north of
traces
remam
of a
clays.
The
by the
of brisht
The
last shiugle,bed to
Vinu-
konda.
of
gneiss
many
rude,
implements.
quartzite.
195. Boucher,
trict, 5Ji7,
medium,
R. B. F.
rude, flat
Koinpicherla,
Kistna
dis-
reddish stained
B. F.
grey quartzite.
From
the surface,
Ramapatam. R.
20
PALiHOLlTHS.]
one face
.
flat
reddish-grey quartzite.
trict.
On
the surface,
T yloor
Nellore
dis'
R. B. F.
large,
538. Boucher,
shapely,
pear-shaped,
pebble-butted;
tinted
PI.
district.
R. B. F. 1866.
along a
tinted quartzite. R. B. F.
butt;
fine-grained,
Kistna.
W. King.
reddish-grey
quartzite.
pear-shaped;
bleached
Kistna.
673. Boucher,
W.
King.
PI. 1, Fig. 5.
medium^ elongated
oval,
Kistna.
W.
King.
weathered reddish-brown
quartzite. Kistna.
W.
King.
face partly
replaced
by
joint
plane;
banded
W.
King.
PI, 1, Figs.
12 and 12a.
CUDDAPA H
DISTRICT.
The
stones were
raaidans
following and
many
other places
Kanamalopalle,
PuUampet
taluq
Cf. Logan,
25-26.
5644. Boucher,
small,
pear-shaped,
truncated point;
reddi.!h-brown
quartzite.
Not an implement.
;
hematite quartzite.
Paljioliths.]
[Cttddapah District.
;
21
tinted
quartzite
with calcareous
5653. Missing.
Not an implement.
of
5656. Piece
chipped quartzite.
tinted quartzite.
5661.
Palffiolith, large,
oblique edge
tinted quartzite.
566 J. Fragment
and stained.
tinted quartzite.
5664. Bf
u.'her, small,
pear-shaped
dark quartzite.
;
brownish tinted
tinted quartzite.
;
tinted quartzite.
5677.
Not an implement.
;
tinted quartzite.
yellowish-brown quartzite.
yellowish-brown quartzite.
;
5682. Boucher, medium, irregular, weathered 5683. Boucher, br^ad pointed oval
;
tinted quartzite,
quartzite.
Palj!OLiths.]
[Cuddapah District.
;
Not an implement.
j
one face
flat
5688.
Palffiolith,
tinted quartzite.
;
tinted quartzite.
tinted quartzite.
Not an implement.
medium,
quartzite.
5693. Boucher,
reddish-
brown
medium
tinted quartzite.
of tinted
quartzite
;
rejected boucher.
tinted quartzite.
;
brownisli
tinted quartzite.
medium; weathered
quartzite.
;
brown tinted
quartzite.
tinted quartzite.
5705. Missing.
5706.
Not an implement.
oval,
weathered
hematite quart-
tinted quartzite,
tinted quartzite,
PAIiiEOLITIIS.]
[CUDDAPAII DISTRICT.
;
23
stained quartzitc.
tinted quartzite.
Not an implement.
5H8.
pear-shaped, pebble-butted
weathered
tinted
6721a.
Not
au implement.
57216. Boucher,
medium, pear-shaped,
weathered;
yellowish-brown
quartzite.
PL
1,
Fig.
1.
;
Not an implement,
Chipped quartzite fragment.
5729.
Not an implement.
tinted quartzite.
tinted quartzite,
5740.
Not an implement.
;
24j
PaLJJOLITHS.]
[CuDDAPAH
t)l8TRlCT.
5745. Piece of chipped quartzite^ very weathered, 5746. Boucher, small, irregular
5747.
;
tinted quartzite.
Not an implement.
5748. Missing.
discoid,
Not an implement.
;
tinted quartzite.
Not an implement.
;
tinted quartzite.
rejected boucber.
Not an implement.
Ditto.
;
brownish quartzite,
Not an implement.
Ditto.
butt
reddish quartzite,
tinted quartzite.
;
tinted quartzite.
greenish quartzite,
chipped quartzite^
PALiEOLITHS.]
[CUDDAPAH DISTRICT.
elongated,
25
pebble butt,
weathered; tinted
PL
l^J^ig; 9.
5776.
Not an implement.
5777. Scraper, medium; dark tinted quartzite. 5778. Piece o worked quartzite, weathered.
medium
pointed oval
tinted quartzite.
tinted quartzite.
Not an implement.
5793. Piece of chipped and flaked quartzite. 5794. Piece of chipped and flaked quartzite.
yellowish-brown quartzite.
;
tinted quartzite.
flat
medium broad
pointed
oval,
pebble-butt
tinted
quartzite.
rejected boucher.
5799.
Not an implement.
;
tinted quartzite.
;
5801. Boucher, broad pointed oval, pebble-butted 5802. Boucher, large, elongated oval
;
tinted quartzite.
tinted quartzite.
5806. Piece
of chipped quartzite.
S6
Pal^oltths.]
5807. Boucher,
[Cuddapah District.
broad
pointed
oval^
broken
butt
reddish tinted
quartzite.
tinted quartzite.
;
tinted quartzite.
;
pointed
oval,
tinted
quartzite.
5811.
5813.
Not an implement.
Palffiolith,
tinted quartzite.
tinted quartzite.
;
quartzite.
hematite quartzite.
round
tinted quartzite.
5825.
Not an implement.
5826. Boucher, ovoid, broad pointed; dark brown quartzite. 5827. Boucher, pointed broad oval; tinted quartzite.
5828.
Not an implement.
;
tinted quartzite.
small
pebble butt,
weathered,
5831. Palseolith,
large,
unfinished,
thick,
slightly
oblique
edge;
tinted quartzite
tinted quartzite,
;
tinted quartzite.
PAt-EOLlTHS.]
[CUDDAPAH BlSTElCT.
quarfczite.
;
27
tinted quartzite.
tinted
quartzite
with calcareous
reddish sandstone,
all
collected in the
Cuddapah
district
in
by C. A. E.
Oldham
of the Geological
Survey of India
tinted quartzite.
tinted quartzite,
purplish quartzite.
light
brown
tinted quartzite.
;
light
brown
quartzite,
737. Palseolith, small, discoid, sharp edges 738. Boucher, ovoid, amande,
medium
;
dark quartzite.
medium,
numerous traces of
palseolithic
man.
On
the
first palseolith
by R. Bruce
lu
Foote in the debris from a ballast pit on the Brigade ground at Pallavaram,
lying some
little
distance west
28 Pal^oliths.]
[Cuddapah District.
it is
inter-
W.
Theobald of the
Geological
first
was H.
Tons
P.
numbers
river
January 1860.
On
the 28th
Foote has stated that the region to the north and uorth-
Attrampakkam
abounded in
palseoliths,
many
sites
yielding
laterite^
survey of
Madras
area
down
many
localities in
which quartzite
carried
the
work was
from the
Cotteliar,
districts
at
covered
is
(1)
Madras Journal of Literature and Science for 1884, entitled: "^ On the Occurrence of Stone Implements iu Lateritic formations in various parts An appendix by W. King, of the Madras and North Arcot Districts/^
Notes on the Occurrence of Stone Inoplements in North (2) A paper read before the Arcot Districts " accompanies the paper.
Jmiior, entitled
''
Geological Society of
entitled:
(3)
*'
On
paper
1868.
(4)
detailed
of the
Arcot Districts, from which the greater part of the following paragraphs " On the Geology of parts of the Madras and North is composed.
Arcot Districts lying north of the Palar River, and included in Sheet Mem., Geol. Surv. Ltd., Vol. X, Pt. 1, 78 of the Indian Atlas.''
1873.
In
at
various
places
in
both
districts,
human manufacture
The
ing that
man had
set foot in
Pal-Holiths.]
OQ
the laterite
series,
referred to
the
h\teiite
was
o raariue origin^
his day,
by other geologists of
in these later times.
and which
unlikely to find
much suppoit
in
silti
W. King
in
found imple-
in.
situ, so firmly
imbedded
extract
hard conglomeOthers
fully
require
considerable
force
to
them.
were
six
surface of
the bed,
On
found
several
implements were
north-east,
of
On
riv er,
Narn a-
veram
every
case
they
The
and had
places at
which quartzite implements were found imbedded in situ were, on the north side of the
seven in number, of which three are especially worth
:
-Narnaveram
vedu),
(1)
Caradepop toor
(six miles
lateritic
conglomerate
exposed.
Among
the coarse quartzite shingle, here cemented into a very typical oon-
doo), where
three feet
implements were found; (2) Amerimbode (Amerumbar-> j<wa Mi an implement was found imbedded in hard clayey laterite fully below the surface of the bed, which itself was overlaid by several
-^
feet of red
eandy loam.
jungle bettveen
'*
this place
and Maderaenclosures
^ucum
many
in this
or
circular
Some
the
of these contain
kistvaens
made
same
laterite.
places stand
on the
same bed of
laterite
as
implement found at
Amerumbode was imbedded in. The third locality occurs near the village A large show of Cunnumbancum, six miles north by east of Amerumbode.
of very typical laterite conglomerate
quaftzite
is
there
in this a small
in the
hand
30
Pal^oliths.]
rock.
[CJhingleput and
Noeth Argot
Districts.
and undisturbed
was
hard that
Only a
little
of
the
level
which
out.
took not
much
less
On
Maniakaran^
illMMlllMlHlllill
I"l1l'
there
is
a rather
;
i>.'
remarkable outlier
"
grit
capped by
not
laterite
conglomerate
i)i
situ,
to the south-east,
on the
much weathered
the
made
and well preserved implements were found lying among quartzite pebbles,
Several others were found imbedded, and chiselled out of parts of the rock, which was hard and
unweathered.
All the implements found within the Madras area are
made
it is
of quartzite,
and
that
so
sides of old
pebbles
that
very
probable
boulders,
all,
pebbles
or small
and Alicoor
hills.
NORTH ARCOT
DISTRICTS.
Chingleput District,
South of the Cotelliar
River
Foote.
...
...
Oldham,
of
Conjeeveram
m. E.-N.-E. of outflow
N.-E. of Avadi station
...
Tirumallavai, 3
situ
...
...Henderson,
Foote.
On
N.
N.-W. by
Cornisl:
Red
and Fraser.
Foote.
t.
North of
the Cotelliar
7
River^
Foote.
Tumbool,
m. N.-W. of Tripasoore
Paljioliths.]
DISTRICTS.
31.
Attrainpakkam nuUah,
Caujallum
m. N. by
W.
of Trivellore
Foote
and King.
village
..
Poote,
Mapjakarranai
bill,
5 m, S.-E.
by E. of Vadamadurai
...
Devendavaucum, 8 m. N.
of Trivellore, in situ
...
,..
Errycooppum, 1\ m.
W.
of
Vadamadurai
Ewer
m.
Foote,
of
Woodecottab, 14 m. N.
Sir^ulpilly raviue, 2
of Trivellore
W.
Woodecottab
Caradepootoor,
in situ
N.-W.
...
of
Tank, 6 m.
...
S. of Sattavedu,
..
...
Kin
Sattavedu, 27 m. N. by E. of Trivelore
Pandavaucum, 3| m. N.-E.
of Sattavedu, in situ
Cunnumbaucum,
3 m. N.-E. of
Panudavaucum
situ
...
Foote.
ti
n
)}
Amarambedu,
Ingavepolliara,
m. E.-S.-E.
of
Sattavedu, in situ
...
W.
of, in situ
if
of...
c.
3)
m. S.-E. by E.
of
Amarambedu
W.
of village
North Arcot
South of the Naggerij Biver
District.
Foote.
ot
S.
Arkonam
Junction,
Chinnamapet Station,
Pyanoor, 4 m.
Chinnamapet Station N.
of
Chinnamapet Station...
Maundoor, 4
ra.
N.-E. of Tritani
hill,
W. and
S. of
Foote,
Naggery town, 4 m. E,
Panur, S.-E.
of,
of,
on N. bank of river
...
..^
3a
Pal^oliths.]
Panur, 2 m. E. of
...
Foote.
^^
...
...
Kinor
butt
weathered,
Red
Hills,
Madras.
R.B.F.
l|-2. Scraper,
medium,
sharp
edge
ferruginous
quartzite.
Cunnumbaucum, 3| miles
R. B. F.
407. Palseolith, small discoid
j
north-east of Pandavaucum.
In
situ in laterite.
Madras
;
R. B.
F., 1863.
brown.
Madras
district.
R. B. F., 1863.
;
Madras
J
district.
T. L., 1863.
reddish-brown quartzite.
;
Madras
Madras
district.
district.
R.B.F.
413. Boucher, large, oval, sharp edge
all
round
reddish-brown quartzite.
Madras
district.
j
reddish-brown
quarts
Madras
district.
bank
of
the Attrampakkam,
Figured as Plate
On the XV.
" ^^ ^^ Occurrence of Stone Implements ^5Si!^ J?^* in Laterite Formations of the Madras and North Arcot DisMadras Journal of Literature and
pointed
oval,
tricts.^'
one face
yellowish-grey quartzite.
416. Boucher, very large, thick, oval, broken butt, sharp edge;
reddishto
grey quartzite.
and
including 525, are from the banks and bed of the Attramj)ak-
kam
stream,
Trivellore
taluq,
Madras
District,
(Chingleput
in
District).
They were
;
all collected
by Bruce Foote
1863.
greyish-wbite quartzite.
j
^lt^Xwya^\^'^>
Pal^olitiis.]
419. Palseolith,
flat,
33
*
oval,
sharp
dark
brown
wedge
greyish quartzite,
and brown.
all
quartzite.
sharp
pointed,
quartzite,
banded dark
quartzite.
brown
qtiartzite.
428. Scraper, large; brown quartzite. 429. Boucher, largo, pointed oval, sharp edges
430. Boucher, medium, 4yi, Missing.
;
reddish-brown quartzite.
amaude
brown
quartzite.
notched on one
truncated oval
greyish banded
quartzite,
tinted quartzite,
brownish quartzite.
greyish-svhite quartzite.
;
banded brown
pebble-butted
tinted
light red
amande,
sharp edge
all
round;
tinted light
brown
quartzite.
442. Boucher,
large,
long truncated
oval
stained
dirty
yellowish
quartzite.
^\^cw-\.c^iL\4a^
34
Paljeoliths.]
444. Scraper
?,
large
banded
vyhite
445. Missing.
in sitn.
pear-shaped,
broad
tinted
brownish quartzite.
448. Boucher,
In
situ.
medium, elongated
hi ntu.
oval,
quartzite.
pointed, sharp
sides;
In situ.
In
situ.
;
In situ.
pear-shaped^
butted
453. Boucher, large elongated oval, broad point, sharp sides^ shapely j
light reddish-brown quartzite.
454. Scraper
large
455. Palseolith,
axe or
large; mottled
brownish
and
grey
quartzite.
456.
one face
flat,
sharp
edge
banded dark
greyish-brown quartzite.
457. Palseolith,
medium,
discoid,
sharp
edge
all
first
;
round;
paper.
tinted
brown
quartzite.
edge
all
round
greyish
trap.
discoid, one part pointed
;
460.
Palffiolith, small,
reddish quartzite.
461. Boucher,
medium, broken,
pointed
oval,
sharp edges;
bluish
butt
greyish-
brown
quartzite.
;
465. Scraper
?,
quartzite.
greyish quartzite.
PiWuDtvwUc.\i\^^
[CllINGLEPUT AND NoRTII AllOOT DISTRICTS,
PaL^OLITHS,]
35
467. Boucher, small, elongated oval, sharp edges; i^urple and yellowish-
medium,
469. Boucher, small, pointed oval, one faoe pebble-butted, sharp edges
hematite quartzite.
470. Palaeolith, axe, oblique edge; brownish quartzite.
471. Scraper, large
47:^.
;
Boucher
?,
brown
quartzite.
473. Scraper-knife
474.
tinted dark
brown
quartzite.
all
Palffiolith, discoid,
zite.
round
purple quart-
banded ycllowish-
gvey quartzite.
476. PalsBolith, ovoid,
477. Palseolith,
sharp edges
rectangular,
all
round
brownish quartzite.
unfinished
;
axe
?,
parallel sides,
reddish
quartzite.
178. Boucher,
medium, elongated
oval,
oblique
truncated
mottled
brownish-grey quartzite.
479. Boucher, large, rude, unfi.uished, pebble butt, oval
quartzite.
;
reddish-brown
one
face
pebble -butted
yellowish-
grey quartzite.
483. Bouclier, small, broad pointed oval
;
partly replaced
by joint
plane; brownish
quartzite.
grey quartzite.
490. Boucher, small, oval sharp sides
;
S6
PALiEOLlTHS.]
491. Bouchei'j point
larg-c, tliin
;
by
joint
plane,
broad
brown
quartzite.
sliarp
sides,
obliquo
truncated point
493. Scraper, small
;
light
brown
quartzite.
;
brown
quartzite.
tinted
brown and
red-
dish quartzite.
all
round
tinted
dark reddish
all
tinted
grey quartzite.
503. Scraper, medium, thick; reddish stained quartzite.
flat,
broken
;
fine-
medium, pear-shaped,
small
pebble
butt,
shapely
round
light
brown
quartzite.
|
Paljioliths.]
516. Scraper
?,
37
517. Missing.
518. Palicolith,
wedge
or chopper,
;
straight
edge, one
face
flat,
partly
pebble-butted
519. Palseolith,
large,
axe or
wedge,
straight
edge,
sharp
sides
greenish-grey quartzite.
reddish-purple quartzite.
(triangular
scraper?); flat sides,
pointed
butt;
purplish quartzite.
532r.
Boucher,
biitt
;
medium,
and sides;
525. Boucher,
scraper?,
triangular,
sharp
sides,
quartzite.
526. Boucher,
large,
yellow
tinted
grey
quartzite.
Madras
district.
shaisp
edge
brownish stained
hill,
On
gravel
bed,
Chinnamapet
North Arcot
Sirgul-
putty
530. Palseolith,
?,
Chingleput
district.
axe or cleaver,
eloni^ated,
triangular,
pointed butt
',
Sriperamatur
?,
Chingleput
B31. Boucher,
small,
district.
pear-shaped
brownish quartzite.
district.
Pallur?
near
Amarambedu, Chingleput
533. Palceolith,
in hard
plateau,
534!.
small, discoid
laterite
In situ
Hills
conglomerate.
district.
North
cud
of
Red
Madras
R. B. F.
brown
quartzite.
Sattavedu.
635.
Worked
saw
reddish
Conjeeveram,
R. B. F.
;
jPanur.
38
Pal^oliths.]
537.
Worked
flake^
On
Madras
stained
district.
539, Boucher,
small,
oval,
broad
point;
brownish quartzite.
P anui',
544. Scraper,
N orth
;
Arcot
district.
large
yellowish-grey
quartzite.
Davendavaucum,
Chingleput
district.
thin,
point broken
yellowish-grey
quartzite.
quartzite.
fine
reddish-brown
district.
butt;
reddish-brown
ferruginous quartzite.
Madras
stained brownish
dlu
in
hard
laterite,
north
plateau, Madras.
discoid,
one face
flat;
tinted bluish'
grey quartzite.
551. PalcBolith,
Attrampakkam.
discoid, thick
;
medium, elongated,
quartzite.
stained mottled
ferruginous
In
situ
in
laterite
conglomerate,
Ingavepolliam.
553. Palseolith,
small,
discoid,thick,
sharp-edged;
fine-grained
light
chocolate quartzite.
Rajah's Choultry,
Ch ingleput
;
district.
554. Eouchei',
large,
dark ferruginous
quartzite.
Yadamadurai.
oval
;
Chingleput
district.
Tukkool.
Madras
chocolate quart-
557. Boucher,
medium, pear-shaped
dark
reddish-grey
quartzite.
Same
brown
560. Boucher,
pear-shaped, point
broken
stained yellowishdistrict.
quartzite.
Woodecottah ?,
;
Chingleput
small,
pointed oval
coarse
tinted quartzite.
Madras
Satta-
district.
461. PalsBolith,
vedu.
large,
discoid, thick
Pal^oliths.]
39
Woodecottah
pointed
?,
563. Boucher,
large,
oval
mottled
district.
greyish
quartzite.
Amarambedu
564. Pala3olith,
concretions.
Chingleput
Same
565. Missing.
566. Pala3olith, cleaver
?,
stained
reddish-brown quartzite.
Amarambedu, Chingleput
567. Boucher,
ovoid, broken
point,
rude
weathered
red
ferruginous
quartzite.
In
situ, Ingavepolliara,
Chingleput
district.
?.
569. Boucher,
broken point
stained red
quartzite.
Mailapur, Chingleput
district.
570. Palajolith, small, cleaver or axe; tinted grey quartzite with adherent
lateritie gravel.
In, situ.
571. Boucher,
medium,
In
oval
situ.
very weathered,
stained, ferruginous
quartzite.
discoid,
one face
flat,
sharp edge
mauve-grey
670
are
all
in situ.
They were
of India,
butt
banded greyish
reddish-grey quartzite.
;
mottled
pointed,
broad
butt;
coarse yellowish-brown
oblique
pobble butt
weathered
fine-grained
II, Fig. 5.
40
Pal^oliths.]
580. Pak^olith,
scraper,
pointed
butt
coarse steel-grey
quaitzite.
582. Boucher,
medium,
triangular,
broad point,
sharp
edged butt
butt missing
mottled
586. Boucher,
large,
pointed
oval
tinted
weathered quartzite.
537. Boucher,
Figure
;
3.
oval
;
small,
pear-shaped,
sharp
light
steel-grey
fine
dirty-grey quart-
oval,
very
sharp sides
dark
steel-grey
made from
parallel.
joint fragment
two
faces
smooth and
593. Boucher,
edge
weathered light
brown
quartzite.
595. Palajolith, large, axe or cleaver, sharp straight edge, parallel sides,
medium, axe
or cleaver, one
sharp, one
side
flat
In situ
sharp sides
and
butt; brownish-
brown-
Paljioliths.]
41
601. Boucbfr, small, elongated^ oval; banded reddish quartzite. 603. Boucher, very large, elongated, pebble butt, tinted grey quartzite.
PI. II, Fig.
and
9fl.
all
elongated,
;
dark purplish-grey
brownish quartzito.
;
mottled,
weathered brownish-
grey
607. Boucher,
zite.
qiiartzite.
ovoid, thin,
broken
light
608. Scraper,
medium
weathered quartzite.
pebble butt
;
tintei
611. Boucher,
small,
broken,
part o pebble
tinted quartzite.
613. Palajolith,
edge
greenish-
PI. Ill,
mottled greyish-brown
tiuted
?,
tinted quartzite.
;
tinted
quari-
tinted quartzite.
;
mottled greyish-
brown
quartzite.
42
Pal-Sioliths.]
reddish-
brown
quartzite.
;
tinted
reddish-brown quartzite.
rude,
627. Boucher,
medium, pointed
oval,
one face
flattish
dark
weathered quartzite.
628. Boucher, medium, pointed oval
;
hema-
tinted quartzite.
pebble
butt
tinted quartzite.
face
flat
weathered ferruginous
tinted quartzite,
sides,
thick
butt
weathered
?,
one face
flat
636. Palseolith, axe or cleaver?, sharp sides and edge; tinted quartzite.
amande
sharp edge
all
round
dirty
greyish-
brown
639.
Palffiolith,
quartzite.
dark
steel-grey quartzite.
641. Boucher, large, elongated oval, 642. Palreolitb, large, thin, one face
broken
flat,
fine
by
oblique edge
elongated oval
dirty purplish
medium, pointed
flat,
thick
butt
tinted
banded quartzite.
C45. Palieolith, medium, chopper
?,
one face
flat
pinkish quartzite.
Pal^oliths.]
646. Boucher,
48
medium, pointed
oval, pebble
butt; weathered
tinted
quavtzite.
647. Boucher
?,
small
weathered and
ovoid;
grey quartzite.
650. Boucher, very large, broad pointed oval, pebble-butted on one face
tinted
;
hematite quartzite.
;
greenish-
grey quartzite.
653. Boucher, large, broad pointed oval, sharp
sides,
thick
butt,
part
missing
tinted
waxy
quartzite.
tinted quartzite.
small broken
pebble butt
light
brown
quartzite.
all
brown tinted
quartzite.
chipped
edge, one
face
flat;
reddish
brown
quartzite.
;
coarse
brownish quartzite,
and
la.
662. Scraper, large, crescentic edge; dark banded quartzite. 663. PaliBolith,
large,
axe or
butt;
reddish-brown quartzite.
664. Boucher, large, pointed oval, thick
;
reddish-brown quartzite.
665. Boucher, large, pointed oval, one face pebble-butted; brown tinted
quartzite.
bluish-
grey quartzite.
667. Boucher, ovoid, large, oblique truncated point 668. Palgeolith, large, axe or wedge, thin
;
;
weathered quartzite.
44
Paljioliths.]
brownish quartzitei
partly pebble-
butted
717. Palseolith;
dark quartzite.
R.B.P.
flat
;
dark
brown
From
surface,
district? R.B.F.
dark quartzite.
From
719. Paheolith,
R.B.F.
quartzite.
sharp
edge
brown tinted
From
brown
tinted quartzite.
Turned
The
first
chjPP.yj^^j,^,PJ[,f,i^,.^J]^j;,^
I ndia.
Figured
in
On
ments
Science
in Lateritic
anil
On
surface,
brown tinted banded quartzite. Attrampakkam Nala. See Plates 3 and 3a in the
knife, elongated
above papers.
722. Boucher, medium,
pear-shaped,
tinted
steel-grey quartzite.
On
same
locality.
See Plates
3 and
?>a
of Foote's paper.
Fig. 2.
723. Boucher, large, elongated, sharp i)ointed oval; brown tinted quartzite.
In
silu in laterite.
Implement a good
deal waterworn.
Same
Fig.
8.
On
surface.
Plates
and 8.
ovoid,
sharp edges
On
surface. Plates 9
and 9a
of Foote's paper.
Same
locality.
ovoid,
quartzite.
On
Plates
district.
10 and
Palaveram,
Madras
727. Missing.
j^ebble-butted
Attrampakkam Nalai
The following
Pal^oliths.]
specimens
45
No.
77 G are
probalDly
from same
locality.
They
all
Museum
in 1882.
They
pointed,
pebble-butted
reddish-brown quartzite.
large,
746. Boucher,
small,
pear-shaped, thin
brown
;
tinted quartzite.
748. Missing.
749. Scraper-flake,
medium
reddish-brown quartzite.
flat,
medium, bleached
greyish-brown quart-
dirty grey
tinted
light
brown
755. PaliBolith,
axe,
straight edge,
roughly
parallel
sides;
coarse
reddish-bi-own quartzite.
756. Boucher, long, sharp
thin
point,
pebble-butted
brownish
tintf^d
grey quartzite.
757. Palseolith,
medium,
dirty greenish-grey
quartzite.
dark quartzite.
pebble
butt;
coarse
broad
pointed
oval,
small
banded quartzite.
762. Palffiolith, small, thick, sling stone; grey quartzite stained red.
763. Boucher?, small oval; red hematite quartzite.
764. Boucher
?,
;
butt
beautiful specimen
brown tinted
On surface,
46
PALiEOLlTHS.]
on
laterite conglomerate.
and
4a.
flat,
sharp edge
brown
tinted quartzite.
mottled
very
edge;
stained
ferruginous quart-
worked
sides
grey quartzite.
5844. Boucher, medium, pear-shaped, weathered
zite.
reddish-brown quart-
Chingleput
in 190S.
Sir
H. Seton-Karr
5845. Palseolith,
flat,
edge
all
round
tinted yellowish-
brown
tinted quartzite.
UNKNOWN
The
1754. Boucher, large,
quartzite.
LOCALITIES IN MADRAS.
from unknown
edge,
localities in
Madras.
straight
rounded butt;
brown
tinted
1755. Boucher,
pear-shaped,
worked
all
round, shapely;
light-brown
tinted quartzite.
brownish
t*ALj:oLiTHS.]
[Unknown Localities
in
Madras,
47
1757. Missing.
1758. PalaBolith,
medium,
broad
axo
type;
coarse
reddish-brown
quartzite.
1759. Boucher^
broad pointed
oval,
edo-ed
all
round;
tinted light
sandstone.
1760.
Palffiolith,
roctaugular,
axe-like
form;
coarse
reddish-brown
quartzite.
all
round
1031. Boucher,
small,
rough,
taluq.
Nyamti, Honali
1032.
Palffiolith,
zite.
all
round
"
A.Oldham.
1033. Scraper, large, crescentic; reddish quaitzite. Found on surface
miles east of Nuddumdodi.
C.A.O.
;
1034. Boucher,
tinted
o
reddish quartzite.
,*\^v
,
S, of
Tandamury.
;
i. V.
reddish quartzite. S. of
taluq.
CA.O.
redditih-browu
quartzite.
tinted
coaree
Luckpa.
B.B.F.
are conveniently
ing areas.
tho
Two
its
other in
number
of
fine,
well-
some
of
which
were very firmly cemented in the mass and required* considerable labour
for their extraction.
left
bank
of
the
Malprabha,
bed
is
five miles
seen
in
the
bank
flood
level
in
the
second case, the gravel occurs in the middle of the stream bed, three miles
south
of the junction of the Bennihalla
great bed
48
Palj:oliths.]
ments of good quality, occurs between Hire and Chik Mulingi (Heera and
makers,
for
implements
of
all
sorts
in
axes,
spearheads,
and scrapers in
great variety
country,
occur
scattered
large
Somankop and Chamkatti (Chumnnkuttee) north of quartzite ridge. The implements found in the river beds the basement must have been carried a very little distance by water action, for they show
Kaira, and between
very
little
or no signs of attrition.
The
older
is
and most
and in part
of lacustrine origin.
r.ear
Tolanmatti,
foot
of
miles
north-east
the
Katb arigarh
(Kuttargurh)
near the
village of Tolur,
Both
feet
Of
seen,
the gravel
All
were
In a small patch of kankar-cemented gravel occurring on the banks of nullah, nine miles west by south of Jamkhandi, an upper of a large bovine animal was found. The position of this molar tooth
the Yelhatti
its
The tooth
question
is
,"
and
also to the east of Arukeri, several
A little
on the surface of
The
beino-
iuterestino-, this
the
first
case
No
real
and rather
siliceous limestone
ill
PAL^iOLiTHS.]
of
49
better
The
Geological
Features
of
tlie
Southern
Mahratta Country and Adjacent Distriots, " by R. Bruce Foote. GeoL Sur. /n<L, Vol. XII, pages S41-243 and 24.-7.
Mem,
Most
at
of
the
the
International
Indian Museum.
Director
of
the
finer
in-
the
Madras Museum.
193. Scraper,
medium, shapely
district.
fine
brownish-grey quartzite.
Dhar-
war
194. Seraper-fliake,
quartzite.
Dharwar
district,
R. B. h\
'201. Scraper, medimu, cresceutic edge
;
district.
R. B. F.
quartzite.
Hoolkoond.
R, B. F.
203. Palceolitb,
medium,
Fig
7.
discoid,
quartzite.
PI. Ill,
parallel
brown
tinted quartzite.
PI,
IIj^i^l.
205. Boucher, large, very elongated, curved, broad point, rounded butt
;
Kaladgi district?
district,
vein quartz.
Bijapur
R. B, F.
Bijapur
207. Palaeolith,
small;
chipped vein
quartz.
Kerkalmatti,
district.
amande
Kaira, Badarai
Bijapur
j
district.
(Specimens
same
locality
the
Malprabha
river).
209. Palifiolith,
small,
axe or cleaver,
oblique
edge;
brown tinted
quartzite.
210. Boucher,
large,
elongated,
curved,
sharp point,
pebble butt;
weathered quartzite.
211. Palffiolith, large, crescentic edge;
brown
tinted quartzite.
50
Pal^olites.]
212.
Palaeolitli,
thick
pebble
weathered; greyish-brown
point,
edged
butt; fine-grained
pinkish quartzite.
216. Boucher, large, pointed oval, weathered
;
217. Boucher, large, butt and point missing, sharp sides; brown tinted
quartzite.
218. Boucher,
large,
oval,
butt
brown tinted
quartzite.
219. Boucher, large, oval, thin, point missing 220. Boucher, medium, oval, one end
tinted grey quartzite.
greyish quartzite.
bi^ken, thin
;
slightly
brownish
221. Missing.
quartzite.
Fig^JL4
223. Palseolith, discoid, large; greyish quartzite.
2:24,
edge
greyish-white quartzite.
225
2:26.
axe
cleaver,
straight
edge and
butt
brown tinted
227. Palseolith,
quartzite.
medium, axe or
;
cleaver,
one face
flat,
straight edge,
sharp sides
greyish quartzite.
large, axe
or
cleaver
mottled
quartzite.
tinted quartzite.
284.
Palffiolith, email,
"
Pal-eoliths.]
51
broad pointed
quartzite.
ova],
one face
brownish
tinted
banded
flat
reddish-brown quartzite.
;
240. Boucher, small, ovoid^ one face flat; coarse mottled grey quartzite, 241. Boucher, small, pointed, broken butt; tinted light 242. Boucher, small, broad pointed
;
brown
quartzite.
243
coarse quartzite,
21'4. Palpeolith,
medium,
discoid,
sharp edge;
tinted
greyish- white
quartzite.
215.
tinted quartzite.
PI. Ill,
Fig. 13.
216. Palicolith, small, rectangular
;
reddish-brown quartzile,
translucent quaitzite.
long,
butt
banded
in the
reddish-grey quartzite.
From
Icaukar
cemented gravel
junction
south
of its
with
the
Malprabha
river,
Dharwar
district.
thick
sides,
rude
pointed
pinkish-grey quartzite.
grey quartzite.
255
Palseolith,
grey quartzite,
greyish quartzite.
;
coarse quartzite.
\/"
52
PALiEOLITHS.]
264.
Palieolitli,
butt,
parallel sides
sharp edge,
thick,
flat
side,
broken
266. Boucher,
medium, truncated
rounded butt
greenish-grey
quartzite.
medium, truncated
is flat
;
oval,
one face
very
269. Palseolith,
large,
wedge-like,
sharp
f>bli^ue__edge,_^
reddish quartzite.
Pl.III, Fig
9-
edge, partly
pebble
reddish-grey quartzite.
pebble butt
weathered
reddish
thick
con.stricted
sides,
one
face
274.
Palffiolith,
flat
cleavage face;
striped
red
quartzite.
275. Palseolith,
small,
cue face
flat,
thin
edge,
parallel
sides,
thick
butt
grey quartzite.
flattish,
bank of Malprabha
Heeraj^i^ngee.
broken; purplish
river,
277. Palicolitb,
large,
ovoid, flattisb,
of
sharp edges,
quartzite.
Surface
gravels
on bank of Malprabha
Chick Moolingee.
locality as 277.
same
?
?
b?own tinted
brown
quartzite.
tinted quartzite.
brown tinted
quartzite,
brown
tinted quartzite.
Soola.
282.
Palffiolith, small,
chipped
brown
;
tinted quartzite.
brown brown
tinted quartzite.
Ruttee.
Ruttee.
flat
tinted quartzite.
Ruttee.
Pal^oliths.J
286. PalaeoHlb,
53.
tinted
quartzite.
Somunkop.
2^^7.
Palseolith,
small,
sharp
edge
browu
tinted
quartzite.
Soolla,
Budami
bank
288. Missing.
of
taluq, Bijapur
district.
the Malprabha
river.
small
brown
tinted quartzite.
292. Missing.
dis-coid,
sharp edge
tinted
quartzite.
Chick
Nargoond, Dharwar
district.
reddi.sli-brown tiiited
PI.
quart10-i,
_____
zlte.
Tolur,
Belgaum
convex
district.
injKgs.
edge
;
10 and
?.95. Palteolith,
flaked
faces, crescentic
trap.
South of
Gokak, Belgaiim
31S. Palosolith,
large,
district.
axe
or
chopper;
coar.se
brownish quaitzitc.
the
From
gravels in
the bank
and bed
of
Malprabha
river
Specimens
319-379
locality as oiS.
;
reddish quartzite.
coarse groy
tinted
356. Palteolith,
small,
globose,
chipped
all
round
fine
hematite
quartzite.
o57. Boucher?,
medium,
small
pebble
butt;
coarse
white
banded
quartzite.
358. Palasolitb, large, discoid, oue face flat; coarse tinted quartsifce.
859.
Palseolitli,
5i
Pal^oliths.]
sharp edge,
adherent kankar
36"2.
363. Missing.
364. Boucher,
oval,
cue face
flat
coarse
quartzite.
871. Boucher, large, elongated oval; coarse brown quartzite. 373. Boucher, small, broken
;
flat
reddish-grey quartzite.
;
ovoid
coarse,
banded
fine
brownish quartzite.
sharp
pointed oval;
coarse
medium,
ovoid^
tinted
quartzite.
380. Boucher,
weathered quartzite.
From
trap?, weathered.
sharp sides
sharp
sides,
rounded butt
;
tinted reddish
tinted quartziieo
flat
Pal^oliths.]
55
tinted quavtzite.
389. Boucher, large, pear-shaped, sharp sides aud butt; tinted quartzite.
PI. Ill, Figs.
II and 12.
390. Missing.
91. Boucher, large pointed oval;
brown
fine
reddish quartzite.
393. Boucher,
small,
pear-shaped
(rude),
truncated
point; brownish
quartzite.
394. Boucher,
large,
shapely,
sharp pointed
tinted yellowish-brown
quartzite.
395. Boucher, medium, truncated oval, sharp worked edge, brown tinted
quartzite.
flat,
weathered
brown tinted
brownish
398. Boucher,
large,
pointed
oval,
pebble
butt, shapely
yellowish-
brown
399. Boucher,
zite.
fine-2,'rained quartzite.
small,
grey quart-
reddish quartzite.
oval
very
403. Boucher, large, thin, elongated oval; greyish quartzite. 404. Boucher, small oval
;
ehccolate quartzite.
and butt
district.
flat
dark quart-
On
Dharwar
543. PalsBolith,
axe-like,
medium, straight
R. B. F.
flat
;
edge,
sides.
Same
locality as 542.
near Kaladhi.
694.
Palffiolith,
small
reddish-brown quartzite.
fiat,
On
surface,
Maski.
'
v^''^'''
,
'"'
discoid
On
surface.
^ ""
./
56
Pal^olithp.]
698. Bouclier, medium, pointed oval
;
On
suifaoej
Mundholi.
flat,
reddish-brown
quartzite.
sandy gravel,
brown tinted
;
quartzite.
large
district.
On
'/03
Surface of
bank
of
Malprabha
discoid,
river, Soolha.
;
704. Palseolith,
very
small,
rough
brown
tinted
quartzite.
Same
705. Boucher,
locality as 703.
tinted quartzite.
706.
Pulffiolith,
edge
brownish quartzite.
On
surface, Shinagerri.
707. Scraper?
Hill,
medium;
chocolate
quartzite.
On
surface,
Sillikerrie
708. Boucher,
large,
choco-
late quartzite.
On
surface, north of
;
Shevandy.
tinted quartzite.
On
sur-
tinted quartzite.
On
surface
Mandoor.
Not an
implesrent.
Tooloor,
Belgaum.
7V2. Palfeolith,
zite.
small,
On
shingle bed.
Toloor,
Belgaum
reddish-br^wn quartzite.
On
reddish quartzite.
On
On
Ghatprabha
river,
near Gokak,
district.
Specimens 779
BeWaum
779, Palseolith,
zite.
medium,
discoid, sharp
3.
Pl.III,Fig.
780, Boucher,
quartzite.
PALiEOLITHS.]
781".
57
tinted quartzite,
tinted
quartzite.
medium, rude
brown
On
surface
Specimens 784-796
and 798-801
are
locality.
They were
collected
by R. Bruce Foote.
784. Scraper, small, weathered
;
ferruginous quartzite.
partly
flaked
pebble
quartzite.
brown
quartzite.
;
weathered quartzite.
grey quartzite.
steel
;
grey quartzite.
tinted quart-
flat sides
brown
800. Missing. 801. Boucher, small, pointed oval, broken butt and point; coarse varie-
gated quartzite.
none the
pieces of
evidence of
human
exis-
tence in late geological times, coeval with the presence of a vertebrate fauna
P^tfjkflj^t
Nerbudda
8
58
Paljsoliths,]
sure proof
other pachyderms,
India,
man
The boucher
be procured at
it is
although rather
article.
flab
roughly chipped on
the faces,
is
unquestionably a manufactured
it
out himself
from
where
the
he found
reddish,
it
lying
in a steep face of
stiff,
mottled, unfeet
level,
below the upper surface of the clay, upon which there rested about twenty
feet of the gravel with bones.
is
From
cliff
there
common
along the
level of the
Nerbudda.
Records
The question
of the
of the age of
introduction.
The bouSurvey of
in
cher
is
figured
and described
in the
Geological
7wf/a, Vol.
Hackett
:
the
Ossiferous
on the
Age
Mr.
and
of the deposits,
associated Shells,
by
441
W.
PI.
India, Vol.
p.
I, p.
XXI
80 and Fig.
3.
171. Hackett's Bhutra boucher, described above. PI. IV, Figs, 6 and 6.
Logan,
loc. cit. p.
30:
surface of the
Nerbudda
gravels. According
Medlicott,
bes Haekett*s discovery, it appears that these implCiiaents are I do not agree with this interpretation of the northern sid of the valley, "
Medlicott's remark,
which appears
me
from
to the
implements themselves,
Exchanged
in
1901.
ITS
TRIBUTARY VALLEYS.
were
all
square,
and at
least as
many
was
in
more were
The
locality
Paljioliths.]
its
Tributary Valleys.
is
59
implements, as
usually the
Southern
India, had
evidently
been chipped
from pebbles.
circumstance.
The
forms of these implements are those of the kind most frequently found in
to 6
inches in
That the spot where they were discovered was a place of manufacture
of
ill
formed
Boucher, elongated
oval, broad
ends,
trimmed
all
round
trans-
Boucher, elongated oval, broad ends, similar to 1 but part of edge ends in a joint plane
;
3.
4.
5.
Palseolith,
broad axe-like
;
form,
broken
6.
brownish-grey quartzite.
sized,
Boucher, medium
pointed
oval,
edged
all
round;
reddisli-
brown
7.
8.
quartzite.
9.
white translucent
IV^ Fig.
edged
4.
all
round, oblique
truncated point;
elongated
dark
bluish-grey
quartzite,
13. Boucher, small, pointed oval, edged all round; bluish-grey quartzite.
A
/
finely
worked specimen.
oval,
14.
Boucher,
elongated, pointed
off
;
thick,
edged
all
round, point
broken
15. Boucher,
quartzite.
;
medium, pointed
edged
all
round
reddish-grey
quartzite.
One
face discoloured
by weathering.
60
Pal^oliths.]
16. Boucher,
its
Tributary Valleys.
disoolour-
ed bluish-grey quartzite.
17. Boucher^
medium, irregular
oval, pDint
broken
stained
bluish-white
quartzite.
18. Boucher,
medium, elongated
bluish-
grey quartzite.
19. Palseolith, thin rectangular piece
flakes,
serrated edges.
IV, Tig 2.
edged
all
round
dish-grey quartzite.
2, Boucher,
reddish-grey quartzite.
28. Boucher, medium-sized, elongated oval,
broad point;
translucent
medium
;
chipped
all
round, truncated
point
25. Boucher,
fine
reddish-brown quartzite.
oval, sharp
medium, elongated
;
edge
all
round,
thick in
centre
26. Boucher,
brownish-grey quartzite.
oval,
medium, pointed
part
of
white
dark-grey quartzite.
;
banded reddish-
grey quartzite.
29. Boucher, elongated oval, thickened butt
zite,
;
30. Boucher,
pointed
oval,
shapely,
cutting edge
all
round; reddish
quartzite.
Specimens
at
30
and 31
were collected by
;
W.
T.
Blanford,
and the
1867,
former
is
referred
page 188.
81. Palaeolith, small, discoid, unfinished
tinting.
?,
iiutt,
Pal^oliths,]
Sirpur
its
Tributary Valleys.
Adilabad
61
the
Pranhifca
valley,
division,
Hyderabad.
collected
by
W. King
;
and
medium,
rude,
elongated
oval,
point
wanting-
dark
From
the fossil
wood
34. Boucher, ovoid form with broad points at both ends, cutting edge
all
round.
Grey
fossiliferous flint
Contains
fossils of
An
agate chip 2^ inches long and y^-th inches wide,.rudely triangular in section, one
side
being
flat,
while
edges
it rises
IV, Fig.
3.
The discovery
implement by A. B.
Wynne
in 1865, in
between Ahmednagar
and
Jalna.
The
base the
now
Bones of mammalia
Elejj^/as
nomadicus,
and
teeth,
both of
fauna
Nerbudda
valley described
this find
see "
by Falconer
Remains
of
and Lydekker.
For accounts of
in
/#//
Prehistoric
Man
On
Central
India " by A.
B.
Wynne, Tke
"
Wynne
''
in
the
T.
Pliocene
(?)
Deposits
of
the
Jnd,
Upper
Vol.
Godavery
1,
by
Surv.
1868, pp.
65-69.
flake.)
See
also.
Free.
the
Asiatic Society,
Geology
/*
Be ngal,
'"
1865,
p.
207, and
Manual of
p.p.
389 and
441. PI.
35.
XXI,
Boucher,
medium elongated
?
oval,
point
wanting
hard greyish
Locality
limestone with a
brownisli-yellow
surface
tinting.
given as Edlabad,
1867,
p.
Adilabad.
138). Specimens 35
42A. are
62
Pal^oliths.]
or
tlie
its
Tributary Valleys.
Wardha
south-east
13ei'ar,
and
like
most
of
to the Indian
Museum by
36. Scraper
?
the Geological
Khaii-,
Wun
district, Berar.
stained yellowish-brown.
Intertrap-
peau
oval, point
missing,
butt
partly formed
dark quartzite.
;
translucent
mot-
greyish Intertrappean
small
;
Palseolith,
flint flaked
large
reddish-brown Intertrappean
PI.
flint.
Parsora,
9.
Bori
IV, Fig.
flint,
pebble butt;
stained on surface.
large
number found on
T.
W. H. Hughes
the
Chanda
district,
oval,
chipped
all
round
hard
greyish-brown quartzite.
45.
Boucher, medium,
grey
Intertrappean
north of
and
Kotapal i
Most
Saugor,
of the
palseoliths
in the
collection of the
W.
L, Wils on,
Asiatic
of the Geological
From
learn
note read
before the
Society
of
Bengal
1867,
we
that they
were
found
scattered
generally
over the trap area, forming the southern boundary of the district
pALjioLiTHS.]
63
Nerbudda
valley.
They always
soil
;
occurall
red in
the surface
soil,
but in
cases the
soil,
masses through
the
trap
the
in
were found.
On
forming
large
and the summit of the scarp, two miles east of where the
crosses
it,
road from
Narsinghpur to Saugor
Deori.
found
near
scattered about.
miles
north again,
Moar
village, south of
hills, close to
Some- three
area four
dozen specimens were found aloog the north side of the Sookcher nullah,
Deori and in
soil,
the centre of
trap
on trap.
The Duhar
nullah, which
is
places,
bound-
On
the plateau to
on which Killoomer
hill is situated,
some 600
feet
above the
142-143.
46. Boucher, small,
ki ,
South
Rewah.
89. Boucher,
On
T.
W.
H. Hughes."
reddish
sniall,
Saugor
District.
medium, one
side
flat;
reddish
Vindhyan sandstone.
Arsee.
91. Boucher,
saifdstone.
One
dark
reddish
Vindhyan sand-
Burdhana, Saugor
oblique
district.
93. Boucher
?,
Vindhyan sand-
stone.
Burdhana, Saugor
;
flake
dark
reddish
Vindhyan
sandstone.
95. Palseolith,
Sigrampur, between
Damoh and
in outline
;
Jubbulpore.
small,
roughly
triangular
dark reddish
district.
;
Vindhyan sandstone.
96. Palseolith,
dark reddish
97. Palseolith,
straight
edge,
chipped
sides;
dark reddish
Vindhyan sandstone.
64
Paljioliths.]
98. Scraper
?,
reddish
Vindhyaa
sandstone.
Deori,
Saugor
district.
99. Palseolith;,
small,
irreg-ular
dark
reddish
Viadhyan sandstone.
Deori, Saugjor district. 100. Scraper?, large; tinted Intertrappean 101. Boucher?,
flint.
Central India.
flint.
medium, ovoid;
tinted
Intertrappean
Bundel-
khand.
102.
PaliBolith,
medium, long
dark
tinted
Vindhyan
sandstone.
103. Palseolith,
axe,
Bundelkhaiid.
lar^e^
parallel
PI.
sides,
straight
8.
Vindhyan
104. Scraper,
large,
sandstone. thin
;
IV, Fjg.
weathered
Intertrappean
flint.
Bundel-
khand.
105. Boucher,
oval,
"
amande
,"
thin
tinted
Vindhyan
sandstone.
Bundelkhand.
PK
I V, Fig 5
i06. Palseolith, large, ovoid, flaked edges; brownish tinted grey Vindh-
yan sandstone.
107. Palseolith,
medium,
thick
Vindhyan sandstone.
108. Boucher, small,
Bundelkhand.
oval
;
pointed
pebble-faced;
brown Vindhyan
sandstone. Bundelkhand.
109. Boucher, small, pointed oval
;
tinted
khand.
110. Palseolith,
parallel
sides;
reddish
Vindhyan
Bundelkhand.
an implement
Vindhyan sand-
Bundelkhand.
flat
;
brown tinted
Vindhyan sandstone.
113. Palteolith, thick,
district.
chipped, pointed
Saugor
114. Paleeolith,
district.
thick,
chipped pebble,
sandstone.
;
sharp
edge,
rounded
butt;
purplish
1
1
Vindhyan
Burkhura, Saugor
district.
5.
fine-grained
PI.
Burdhana, Saugor
large,
district.'
IV, Fig.
7.
116. Scraper,
tinted
Intertrappean
flint.
Burdhana, Saugor
district.
PALiEOLlTHS.]
[TlIB
InDIA.
63
bar J
reddisb
Viudhyau sandstone.
Burdhana, Saugor
118. PaliBobth,
district.
Bundelkband.
119. Axe,
medium,
thick, straight
flattisb
pecked sides
?
trap.
Perhaps Neulitbic.
On
surface,
Bundelkband
sandstone.
120. Boucber,
medium, oval
tinted
Vindhyan
Buudel-
khaud.
121. Boucher, small
truncated oval;
part of
tinted quartzite.
Bundelkband.
PL
parallel
dark
reddish
Vindbyaa sandstone,
Bundelkband.
PI.
IV,
Fig.ll.
123. Palitolith,
medium,
discoid, thick,
grey quartzite.
Bundelkband.
124. Piece
of trap,
chipped and
pecked.
Nowgong, Bundelkband.
up
to
Same
locality as 124.
Same
locality as 124.
Trap
flake,
Same
locality as 124.
128. Trap
flake, chipped.
Same
locality as 124.
Bundelkband.
Bundelkband,
Bundelkband.
brownish quartzite.
Bundelkhaiid,
weathered,
fiat,
Bundelkband.
chipped and worked at edges.
Bundel-
kband
pointed.
Bundelkband.
Bundelkband. Bundelkband.
Bundelkband.
Trap
flake,
Bundelkband.
9
(;6
Paljjolitus.]
thick.
Bundelkhand.
Bundelkhand.
Bundelkhand.
Bundelkhand.
Bundelkhand.
Bundelkhand. Bundelkhand.
Bundelkhand.
coarse grit.
;
Bundelkhand.
banded quartzite.
Damoh
158. Boucher, medium, elongated oval 170. Buucher, medium, pointed, bent,
grey
quartzite.
Neemuch, Central
S128. Boucher,
India.
oval,
medium, pointed
sharp
(tlge
all
round;
brown
quartzite.
Dhamoni,
L alitp ur
District.
P. C. Mukerji.
KAJPUTANA.
The
India.
Palicolithic specimens
collection, like
most of
localities, originally
ail
They were
collected
that
the
Archaeological department,
with prolonged
PI. "V,
truncated
point
grey
quartzite, Ja-ipur,
16-2.
Fig
7.
broken edge
mottled
reddish and
brownish quartzite.
Jaipur.
roughly
tinted
grey quartzite.
164. Missing. 165. Boucher,
small,
Same
locality as 16^.
Pb^V^ Fig.
6,
ovoid,
sharp edge
coarse
brownish
quartzite,
Bundi.
166. Boucher,
small,
ovoid,
broad point,
one
face
flattish
bluish
quartzite.
Bundi.
P.LY^J'ig/^
PALiROLITHS.]
167. Boucher,
lavcje,
'
[RaJPUTANA.
67
oval,
sharp edges
reddish- brown
sandstone.
Indargarh,
168. Boucher, medium, pointed oval, sides and
joint planes
;
faces
partly
formed by
Iudai;garh.
160. Missing,
170. Missmg,
iraplpments
are
rarely
found
in
Bengal
or
Bihar and
of
Museum
only
posse-ises three
the
two
of
provinces. In
of
from a
pebble
Kunkune 11
Trunk
road,
the Lower
Damudar group of the Gondwana system. About the same time Hughes obtained a similar specimen made from micaceous quartzite
on the Bokharo
coalfield.
(V.
B all,
n Bengal."
in
Bengal.
This
is
a symmetrical boucher
made from
He
remarked,
is,
that the
locality is the
most eastern
in
India,
in
races
who manufactured
no sign of any-
thing of the kind has been met with in the alluvium which stretches for
over a hundred miles further to the west.
In
it is true,
implements have been found, but they are of a very different type, and probably of a much more recent age ".
made.
B all,
p. 143,
is
1867).
The
Raniganj
find referred
in
by Logan
33 )
incorr ect,
as the implement
question
40. Boucher,
small
broad
pointed oval
quartzite.
Jheria
coalfield,
Figured in PI.
XIV
Proc, Royal Irish Acad., Second Series, Vol. I, 1879, as an illustration to a paper entitled, " On the Forms and
in the
V, Fig.
2.
68
PALffiOLiTHS.]
implements
of
are
recorded
from
part
far
as
am
aware,
are
!all
and two
these
now
form
of our collection.
to
They
tools similar
those
certain districts
of the
numbers
picked
and
in other
These
were
in
up on the surface by
(Dhenkenal), Unerul " On Stone Imple1876,
:
Valentine
Ball
at different
localities
Denkenal
Ball,
See, Valentino
ments
from
Orissa".
Proc
Asiatic Soc.
Bengal,
pp. 122-128.
The specimen
broken
off
from
this locahly
is
by
recent fracture.
It
was found
tog-etfier
laterite
conglomerate
attached
doubt that
is
it
was
at
one time
imbedded
quartzite.
in
the laterite.
The material
Its
an
Angtd
a
unusual.
The
series.
vitreous
quirtzite.
Talchir
It
is
Hurichandpur.
the
the
The material
Samhafpjir
well
:
is
a vitreous quartzite
north of the
shape.
known
is
Kudderbuga.
It has
a pointed
wedge
The
material
a vitreous quartzite.
In a paper read before the Irish Academy, Ball has pointed out the Bengal and Orissa forms and those from the Madras Presidency, and his conclusion that a connexion
striking similarity which exists between the
existed between the peoples
who manufactured these implements, seems a Not only is there a resemblance in form but also
at least, in
and
in
some instances
localities far
human means
are
page
394).
illustrated
on
Plate
XIV
which accompanies
pebble butt,
Orissa.
quartzite.
54,
Palffiolith,
flat,
Dhenkena l.
discoid,
worked
PI.
edge;
brown
16,
tinted
quartzite.
Angul.
Orissa.
V.B.
V, Fig.
NeOLTTHS.]
69
NEOLITHS,
NORTHERN ARGOT
Specimens
Arcot
district.
DISTRICT.
803813
are
They have
mentioced by
"
J.
Cockburn,
who
lias
ments
Hills
and Vcllore
Jonrn., Asiatic Soc. Bengal, 1879, pp. 133-14-3). Cockburn states that these
tya
tree,
specimens
were obtained
table,
under a tamarind
Tucker.
The
closely
resemble
the long-
and
thoir
derived from the surface of the local laterite beds, like the
PI.
V,
fig. 8,
806. Celt, large, small smoothed butt, broken edge. 807. Celt, medium,
Fig. 11.
hammer
PI.
V,
808. Celt, large, broken butt and edge. 809. Celt, large, sharp crescentic edge, pointed butt,
810. Celt,
PL V,
Fig. 5,
butt.
broken
edge,
V, Fig.
10.
;
speckled trap.
;
sandstone
Sattavedii,
"^'
North
SALEM DISTRICT.
Geological Survey of India, in 1895,
The following specimens were presented by Mr. C. S. Middlemiss of the They were all obtained from a Hindu Mangalam, at taluq, shrine Tirapatur Salem district. All the specimens
were originally
polishetl.
worn edge
smooth
trap.
PI.
70
Neoltths.]
4741.
Celt,,
[Salem District,
worn edge
;
trap.
edge
trap.
;
PI.
V, Fig.
9.
;
4713. Celt, large, small smooth butt, sharp edge 4744. Celt, large, truncated butt, worn edge
;
slightly broken
trap.
trap.
;
trap.
;
trap.
;
trap.
;
truncated
butt,
trap.
Shevaroy Hills, R. B. F.
1181. Celt, small, sharp axe edge,
Fig. 13.
S^692.
small butt
Shevaroy Hills
PI.
V,
Celt small,
pointed butt,
hills.
face
trap.
Shevaroy
Mr. C. E. Cardew.
are
Hills
and were
polished trap.
small
4.
polished
trap.
V, Fig.
small
pointed
butt,
worn edge
.speckled
trap.
polished trap.
COORG.
994. Celt, upper part missing, sharp crescentie edge; smoothed diorite.
From the crest of a hill, 6 miles north of Mercara, Coorg. Mr. H. A, Mangles through the Asiatic Society of Bengal.
prehistoric
remains in the
whole of the Indian Empire, The first discovery of the Neolithic settlements is due to William Eraser, who about 1872 found that the North or f* Face " hill, and the Peacock Hill or *' Kapgallu " four miles to the northeast,
had been tenanted by Neolithic men, and made a small collection of He precelts, chisels and other domestic implements of stone from them.
sented a series of the leading forms,
e, g.,
celts, chisels,
corn crushers to R. Bruce Foote, who, after exhibiting the collection at the
Neoliths.]
71
in
Vieuna Exhibition
to tho Geological
Survey
Muspum
some
passed
into the
Indian Museum.
The remains
of his
former presentations by exchange^ while about the same time other valuable
forms were unfortunately thrown away under the orders of the Superintendent of the Indian
Museum
at that time.
prehistoric remains of
mound on
the Budi
Kuuama, a
low pass by which the grand trimk road from Bellary to Dharwar crosses
the
rocks,
from
western end
of
the
mound, which
feet
It
Madras
According
to local legend it
of the
five warrior
In several of the small gullies scored by rain action on the surface of the mound,. Foote found a few typical Neolithic
implements.
He relates
shows a
list
of
finds,
the
nature,
finds
On
the
North Hill
worn deep
or
by the grind-
ing of their
celts.
The Kapgal
and in
all
Peaoock
hill
was most
prolific
in
stages
of
manufacture.
The
diprjtic
hill,
supply of excellent material of two sorts, the coarse black diorite, and
pale greeny-grey
size,
a fine-grained
to
occurs in lenticular
The
site of
the celt
of the
hill
dyke,
fiakes
and here the surface among the grass and shrubs was covered with It was among this extensive spread of of the two kinds of rock.
72
NeOLITHS.]
t)lSTRlCTS.
waste material that Foote procured over one hundred and eighty
celts,
which
most
were found
finished
to the
manufacture of
peoples were
adzes,
hammers,
chisels
much
many
tools
varieties
of
granite,
grits
of
Dharwar age,
crystalline
limestone,
and
many
For small
silicios
these were converted into flakes of sorts, small scrapers, and strike-
a-lights.
flakes
gave
numbers
These are
off
the
The
flakes prepared
and
forms known as
pygmy
of
which are made of agate and chalcedony. rough sketches of human beings in
A number
groups and
of
graffiti consisting of
singly,
and many
figures of birds
cliff
and
beasts, are to be
seen on
hill.
They
speaking, be
regarded as
little raised to
be considered as bas-reliefs.
Rock-bruisings
by which
to describe them.
Some
and
quite indescribable.
sites,
cinder
in
mounds and cinder camps, his extensive collections from which now rest Madras Museum. Further details regarding them are to be found
quoted.
the
in the
Notea on the loote Collection^ from which most of the above paragraphs are
butt
basalt.
This
surface,
washed
14e
down from
PI.
VI, Fig,
298. Missing.
basalt.
basalt.
;
302. Celt, small, chipped and polished, sharp edge, upper part missing
basalt.
Neoliths.]
30S. Missing.
73
celt.
weathered
basalt.
diorite.
basalt
oval, chipped
basalt.
;
basalt.
;
basalt.
311. Missing.
312. Missing.
316. Missing.
317. Missing.
318. Portion of
319. Missing.
flat
rubbing stone
bluish-white gneiss,
basalt.
8^1. Missing.
322. Portion of pounding stone or crusher
323. Portion of pounding stone or crusher
;
basalt,
basalt,
324. Missing.
325. Pounding stone or
Fig. 14.
crusher, grooved for fingers
;
basalt.
PI.
V, ^~"
326. Missing.
327. Portion of
basalt.
trap.
diorite.
330. Missiug.
331. Missing.
worn
basalt.
Peacock Hill,
4 miles north-east of
10
74
NEOLiTfis.]
butt
basalt.
Peacock
VI, Fig.
6.
336. Celt,
small,
basalt.
Peacock
Hill.
PI.
Y, Fig. 18.
;
basalt.
;
Peacock Hill.
gneiss.
basalt.
basall.
and butt
basalt.
site
From
surface of
mound forming an
ancient
village
on summit of pass
Scraper, chipped
basalt.
From same
From same
locality as 311.
locality as 341.
Portion of ball
Celt,
hematite.
;
3M.
broken
butt
polished diorite.
From bank
of the
Tuuga-
all collected
by R. Bruce Foote.
2623. Celt, upper part missing; polished trap. Middle Hill, Satijgan Kal,
Bellary.
265i4. Celt, flattened
butt,
smoothed
trap.
polished horn17.
blende schist.
Gadiganur, Bellary.
;
PI.
V, Fig.
South
Hill,
trap.
Ramdury
dense
hornblende
schist.
GuutakalJunc-
Anantapur.
2G29. Celt, small, sharp sides; polished trap. Bellary. 2630. Celt, large,
PI.
Kapgal, Bellary
district.
VI, Fig.
;
2631. Celt,
medium
medium
2632. Celt,
Gadiganur, Bellary.
^634,
PI.
V, Fig. 20.
surfaces
just
selected
shapely
stone,
com-
menced.
South
ill,
Langaukal, Bellary.
Neoliths.]
2635. Celt, unfinished,
fii'st
[Bellamy
ais^d
Anantapur Disteicts.
skies.
75
South
3686. Mealing
stone,
large.
Munna
Karti
Hill,
Alur,
Bellary.
PL VII,
Fig. 13.
;
chipped trap.
Same
locality as
2643.
with"
Mr.
C. E,
medium
3686i.
Celt,
medium, pointed
;
chipped trap.
Same
locality.
trap.
Same
locality.
3688. Missing.
3689. Celt,
pecked
sides,
broken butt
smoothed
hornblende schist.
Gadiganur, Bellary.
3690. Chisel,
sharp edge, rounded sides;
argillite.
Gadiganur, Bellary.
3691. Celt, sharp
slides,
first
to
draw
attention
to
these
(See Proc, Asiatic remains in the southern parts of the United Provinces. Soc. Bengal, February, 1861). His specimens came mainly from the vicinity
of Kirwi.
and further extended the area of their prevalence to 200 miles east of the Tons river. {Jourii. Asiatic Soc. Ben gal, 1862, page 323). In 1879, J, Cockburn described the nccurreuce and appearance of a number of specimens
which he collected in the Banda
pp. 137-141).
district.
Museum
in
76
Neouths.]
''The majority of
my
in
trees,
side,
common
where
a bugh Phallus,
mud altars of ruined temples, and from the "With regard to the finding of these celts by
believe, been
;
and
the
natives,
;
proportion,
soil
picked up by
me show
unquestionable
it."
where I found
This
of
Theobald,
who accounted
the hypothesis
of
old
for the
abundance of the
celts in
that it
men
time to collect
localities
older age,
environs,"
Figures of typical Banda celts are to be found in the papers quoted above
and
also in the
of
the Geology
fig. 4,
The
material
either audesite,
diorite or basalt,
the
field
The Neolithic
belong
to
to those
districts
same culture
lost.
majority of cases^
surface.
all collected
by
J.
Cockburn.
District.
rest
trap.
indurated shale.
coarse trap.
trap.
Neoliths.]
62. Celt, narrow
(13.
;
77
polished trap,
fine grained
66. Celt,
trap.
diorite. [Jourti.
very
PI.
large;
Asiatic
Soc,
Bengal,
1879,
XVI.
G.)
68. Celt, elongated, only partly finished, upper portion chipped; hard. dark, indurated shale [loc. cit. PL XVI, H.).
69. Celt, rounded butt
70. Missing.
;
trap.
narrow butt;
,
trap.
Hammerstone?
coarse diorite.
almond-shaped
weathered trap
?.
80. Missing.
81. Celt, small, polished, 8^. Celt, small, broad
rounded butt.
;
trap.
Celt,
fine trap.
87.
Hammerstone, broad
by Captain Ross R. E.
1800. Cast of pounder.
1882.
78
Neoliths.]
180J. Cast of hammerf^tone. 1802. Cast of hammerstone. 1803. Cast of
celt.
districts.
The
implements
themselves
J.
Museum by Mr.
327-230; PI.
pointed
H. Rivett'Carnac.
Asiatic
fig-.
They
J
are
Journ.
Soc.
Bengal,
883,
PL
1;
pp.
XIX,
;
8, 9,
and 16.
cuarse trap,
PI.
Bengal by Mr. H.
Journal for 1861.
trap;
Le Mesurier^
in the
Manickpore.
PL VI,
PI.
fine
Fig.
5.
V, Fig. 19.
trap. Sur-
worn
by west
of
Manickpore.
Same
locality.
trap.
Same
locality.
trap.
Koh, 4 miles
east of Kirwee.
coarse trap.
fine trap.
Koh, 4 miles
east of
Kirwee.
missing
Tirhowan.
?.
tapers to
;
pointed
butt
coarse
diorite.
Kirwee.
one
side.
Hutwah, Bauda
to
VI, Fig.
7.
Speoi-
mens 1019
J.
1030 were
collected
in
the
Banda
to
district
by
be in the
British
Museum.
;
tapers to pointed
fine
greyish green
Banda.
;
102'^
Celt,
trap
?.
Bandj
trap
?.
Banda,
NsoLitHS.]
1025. Hammerstone (cast).
79
celt,
perforated
near
Cast of hammerstone
?,
The following specimens were all presented to the Museum by Generai A. Cunningham in 1885.
1804. Celt, email, polished
j
truncated butt
;
trap.
small
butt
trap.
Acha,
Banda
trap.
Atlia,
;
Banda
district.
medium,
weathered,
pointed
butt
Agrahonra,
Banda
district.
1808.
(^elt,
small,
edge worn
15.
coarse
diorite.
iVliva,
PI.
V, Fig.
Banda
district.
slightly flatter
than usual.
Arwa, Banda
"'**' *
1810. Celt,
coarse trap.
Babera, Banda
Babera,
district. district.
small butt.
Banda
Bagrahi, Banda
district.
Same
locality.
tapering.
9 miles E.
N. E.
of Kirwee,
Banda
E. N. E.
of Kirwee,
Banda
district.
;
trap. Deokali,
Banda
;
district.
worn edge
1819. Celt, medium, pointed butt, sharp edge, weathered. Gurha^ Banda
district.
weathered
trap.
Banda
80
Neoliths.]
1821. Celt, pointed butt, sharp polished edge. Gaorikar, Baud a district.
butt
trap.
Gaorikar,
Banda
trap.
Gaorikar,
Banda
1824'. Celt,
trap.
medium, partly polished and partly chipped, elongated Gaorikar, Banda district.
Girwa, Banda
fine
district.
Banda
trap.
Jamuara,
Banda
district.
;
sharp chipped
unfinished
partly
;
trap.
K|9har i.
Banda
partly
district.
large,
chipped
and
polished
edges
smoothed
trap.
Kohari, Banda
district.
;
weathered.
Near Kasaha,
N. E.
of Karwi,
Banda
district.
flat butt,
chipped and
ground
sides
fine trap.
K^jYtg^ine,
Banda
district.
district.
tapers to
slightly
pointed butt
coarse
weathered trap.
1834. Celt, large, pointed
Same
locality as 1832.
butt,
edge worn
fine
trap.
Loreta,
20
weathered trap.
Laoriaza, Tirhowan,
Banda
district.
district.
Tirhowau, Banda
;
fine trap.
Tirhowan, Banda
fine trap.
Mataon d, Banda
edge,
district.
elongated,
j
polished
partly smooth-faced,
PI.
truncated butt
coarse trap.
Same
flat
locality.
sides.
VI, Fig.
i,
3,
wedge-shaped,
Mangreha
Banda
Banda
coarse trap.
Nkoliths.]
J
['i'iiii
SI
8 12. Cell,
largo;
pointoil
butt;
Bamla
polished
disirict.
partly
chipped,
crescentic
^harp
sides.
Naraini,
Banda
district.
;
slightly
trap.
Banda
1815. Celt, mediuui; elongated, rounded; coarse trap. Bauda district. 1816. Celt,
small,
slightly rounded
butt
weathered
coarse
trap,
Banda
district.
small butt
PI.
fine
trap.
1.
Eauda
district.
VI, Fig,
w^oru
grey sandstone.
1819. Celt,
large,
pointed
coarse trap.
district.
elongated
butt; worn
edge;
coarse
trap.
Ora,
Banda
district.
butt;
weathered;
Banda
1852. Celt,
district.
large,
slightly
flattened butt,
worn edge
coarse trap.
Pahari,
Baada
district.
worn edge
Banda
1851'. Celt.,
district.
;
coarse
trap.
Pahari,
Banda
district.
Banda
trap
?.
Pailani,
;
slightly
rouaded
coarse
Pangarha, Banda
district.
;
coarse
district;.
butt,
weathered;
coarse trap.
Ea j aj jore, Banda
trap, llajapore,
district,
fine
Banda
butt^
trap.
PI.
VI. Fig.
82
Neoliths.]
^:lSl}3
^^^^^
district.
1863. Celt,
trap.
Banda
district.
;
coarse trap.
Shahpur
1865. Celt,
medium;
polished,
coarse trap.
Tera,
Banda
;
district.
1866
Celt,
medium, edge
slightly
broken,
weathered
coarse
trap.
Tera,
Banda
district.
coarse
Tera,
Banda
district.
edge
broken;
weathered.
Unaosa, Banda
district,
;
fine trap.
UJretha;
Banda
district.
;
fine trap ?
Banda
district.
187^. Celt,
elongated,
pointed butt;
Jhanna
coarse trap.
Same
locality.
Bisramganj,
Panna.
1876. Celt, medium, small smooth butt, weathered, edge slightly broken;
trap.
Banda
district.
;
Panna.
fine
trap.
Same
1880. Celt,
locality-
butt,
part
of
broken
weathered
small
fine trap.
Sauie locality.
butt,
flattened
broken;
weathered coarse
Same
locality.
Celt,
Same
Neoliths.]
83
1883. Celt, small, larger rounded butt, corners of edges smoothed down;
trap
?
Same
locality.
j
trap?.
Same
locality.
worn
coarse trap.
Same
locality.
188G, Celt, large, broad edge, tapers to small rounded point, edge
trap
?.
worn
Kundam, Jubbulpore.
cracked and weathered
;
coase
trap.
Same
loca-
flat,
trap.
Samo
1889. Celt,
medium,
elongated,
small
flattened
butt
coarse
trap,
Mahoba, Bundelkhand.
1890. Celt, large, elongated, small rounded butt, worn edge,
of original polish.
bears part
Same
locality.
Same Same
to
worn
fine
Same
locality.
coarse trap.
Same
locality.
flatter
butt,
edgo sharp;
weathered trap.
Near Mahoba.
1896. Celt, small, elongated, pointed butt, edge sharp
;
weathered trap.
floit
butt,
dark
neighbourhood of Kirwi.
flat
Saugor
district.
flat,
rough^
;
fine trap,
neighbourhood of Kirwi.
sides
flat,
partly
weathered trap,
Si
Neolitds-]
IQO^'. Celt,
flat,
elongated,
small
flatteoed
district.
butt,
polished,
broken
fine trap.
Damolia; Sanger
and
rest
chip-
and butt
fine trap.
Same
localily.
1904. Celt, medium, edge and one face partly smoothed and rest chipped, sharp sides
and butt
fine trap.
Shame locality.
sides,
small
fine trap.
Same
locality.
j
1906. Celt, small; semicircular smoothed edge, chipped sides and butt
fine trap.
Same
locality.
coarse
trap.
Same
1908
localitj^
coarse
trap.
Hathaj
Ssiugor district.,
edge, rest
district.
chipped,
sides
and
Hatha
butt,
pecked and
lino trap.
Same
locality.
fine
trap.
Same
locality.
straight
sharp
edge,
Same
locality.
1913. Celt, medium, smooth erescentic edge, rest chipped, sides and butt
partly smoothed, unfinished; trap.
Same
locality.
1914. Celt, medium, elongated, smooth pointed butt, edge worn; weathered trap.
Grj^i'h i
^%^jlgi^,|^!jySSI district.
butt,
trap.
Same
weathered trap.
Band a
district.
butt
Banda.
PI.
VII, Fig.
2.
1918. Celt, medium, genf^rally smooth but faces and sides show remains
of chipping,
smooth butt
fine trap.
Sanger
district.
1919. Celt, medium, generally smooth but faces and sides show remains
of chipping, butt sharp,
locality.
fine trap.
Same
NEOX.ITHS.J
8b
worn
weathered trap.
Chandla Charkahri.
edge broken, weathered; coarse trap.
Supa Charkahri.
11)22.
to butt; trap.
Sarbhai Charkahri.
VIL
Fio-
5.
1923. Celt, medium, elongated, broad pointed butt, edge broken; Golg'anj, Chattarpur. trap.
192.
1'.
fine
Celt;
Ijutt,
edge worn
coarse
trap.
Same
locality.
flat; fine
1925. Celt, small, sharp truncated butt, broken, one face ground
trap.
Kl iajurah o.
1926. Celt, medium, small flattened butt, edge thin and worn, weathered
;
coarse trap.
Maraieh, Bhajawar.
small rounded butt,
elongated,
broken
trap.
Kalinjar.
1928. Celt, large, broad, partly chipped, partly smoothed, sharp edo-es
and sides
trap.
Same
locality.
flatter
Garliwa.
1930. Celt, large, elongated, small butt, cutting edge broken; weathered
trap.
East o Kalinjar.
;
fine
Bachwa, Hamirpur
district.
;
1932. Celt, large, elongated, pointed butt, weathered wara, Betwanti River, Hamirpur.
trap.
C}iand.- n.-
1933. Celt, large, smooth creseentio edge, chipped faces, sharpened and smoothed sides, butt broken fine trap. Aloti, Hamirpur dis;
trict.
1934..
Celt,
of
faces smoothed,
;
sides chipped
locality.
trap.
Same
edge; trap.
Marplia.
;
trap.
Same
sides,
straight and
Same
locality.
86
Neoliths.]
1938. Celtj medium, chipped and smoothedj sharp sides, straight edge,
trap.
Same
locality.
1939. Celt, medium, chipped and smoothed, worn edge, upper part miss
ing
trap.
Same
locality.
1940. Celt, small, chipped and smoothed, worn edgc^ upper part missing
trap.
Same
locality.
Same
locality.
1942. Celt, medium, chipped and smoothed, worn edge, upper part miss-
ing
tr:ip.
Same
locality.
1943. Celt, medium, elongated, truncated butt, worn cdge^ retains part
o polish; trap.
1944. Celt, medium, elongated, small rounded butt, worn edge; trap.
Naugana, south-west
of
Marpha.
;
liard
Sirm al.
Morina Pahar.
brownHata, 6 miles east of Partabgunj. P],
;
grey sandstone.
9.
VI, Fig.
complete
hard reddish
trap.
Marpha.
1951. Celt, chipped and pecked, unfinished, sharp sides, upper part missMarpha. The following specimens up to and ing trap.
in-
locality.
tnip.
off,
1953. Celt,
unfinished
trap.
1954. Celt, chipped and peeked, upper part missing, unfinished; trap.
1955. Celt, chipped and pecked, upper part missing, unfinished 1956. Scraper 1957. Scraper
?,
trap.
trap.
;
?,
trap.
1958. Celt, chipped and peeked and partly smoothed, truncated bntt, side and edge broken, unfinished ; trap.
Keoliths.]
1959. Celt,
cd
cliiiiped
;
87
trap.
unfi-
traj).
trap.
1902. Celt, chipped and pecked, sharp side?, broken butt, unlinishcd
trap.
trap.
sides,
trap.
1965. Celt, one side chipped and pecked, pointed butt, unfinished; trap.
1966. Celt, chipped and pecked, sharp creseentic edg-e
;
trap.
;
trap.
trap.
trap.
Worked
piece of trap.
trap.
trap.
1979.
Worked
pieceof trap.
1982.
Worked
1985.
Worked
piece of trap.
trap.
88
Neoliths.]
Ir.ip.
1994. Trap
flake, flake.
pecked at edges.
1995. Trap
cdi;c.
trap.
2001. Trap
flake,
pecked at
ed-ic.
Trap
flake.
flake, chij^ped
2005. Trap
flake,
flake,
flake,
flake,
2010. Trap
flake,
flake,
flake,
2011. Trap
.2012.
Trap
iiOlS. Missing.
2016. Trap
flake,
Morhana Pahar.
Same
locality.
Same
locality.
district. PI.
Neoliths.]
2023. Hammerstone; broken
89
;
',
,.-
^
.
Bbarkacha
l^nu^o
<Z\
Lurbwara
sandstone.
Same
iJ025. Flake,
Morbana
Morbana.
salt
Morbana Pahar
cave.
j
greenish-grey grit.
Morbana
Pahar cave.
2029.
ends worn
Laorni, Chattarpnr.
;
Kajutanala,
Mirzapur
district.
;
bai-d
reddish sandstone.
Nat-
south of Banda.
or
polisher, tapering;
2083. Hannmerstoue,
quartzite.
Lewa, Hamirpur
district.
2035.
Hammerstone,
flattened,
ovoiJ,
bard
brownish sandstone.
Rewab
district.
2037. Mealing stone, polishcdj woru; broken; bard dirty grey sandstone,
Darkiram
hills,
Unaosa, Banda
2039. Hammerstone, cylindrical, ends worn, three sides with one circular depression, fourth side with three depressions, Chandi, Hamir-
pur
district.
..-w>-^
20 iO. Hammerstone, grooved for fastening, elongated spheroid; quartzite. Tikari, Hamirpur district. PI. VII, Fig. 12.
201-].
traj).
Kabrai
21
90
Neolifhs.]
S042. Hammerstone,
cylindrical,
;
[Tpfe
PpwOvinces.
worn end;
circular depression
quartzite.
Acljj^jgl^
Hamirpur
district.
2043, Hammerstone, with two gjrooved depressions round the body, ends
polished
Same
loeal-
9,0ii^.
Gaorchar. Ja ghir.
2045. Missing. 2046. Scraper, trap, flaked and peeked. 2047. Scraper, trap, flaked and pecked. 2048. Chisel, broken
;
Marpha.
Marpha.
trap.
?>Iarpha.
2049. Scraper or knife, long trap flake pecked on both sides. 2050. Scraper or knife, long trap flake pecked on both
side?.
trap.
flake.
2061. Flake, chipped and pecked. 2062. Flake, chipped and pecked.
flake. flake.
flake.
trap.
2067. Large piece of trap, chipped and pecked along edges. 2068. Large piece of trap, chipped and peeked along edge8.
Neoliths.J
yl
flake.
made from
trap flake.
flake.
pecked on edges.
made from
2080. Scraper, made from trap flake, pecked ou edges. 2081. Piece of quartz, chipped iulo a pear shape.
flake.
Scraper,
made from
trap Hake.
2085. Trap
flake,
trap,
2088. Scraper
trap,
ferruginous sandstone,
to
perhaps
reddish, ferruginous
sandstone, perhaps
flake.
92
Neoliths.]
IE'eovinces.
2103.
Not an implement.
flake.
Banda^^
7
flakes.
translucent chalcedony,
Morhana Pahar.
The
2106.
2107.
Core, broken, veined greyish chert. 7 flakes. Coie, greenish jasper. 6 flakes.
Core, grey agate.
7 flakes.
2108.
2109.
2110.
8 flakes.
PI.
VIII, Fig.
9.
2111.
2112. 2113.
2114<.
Core, dirty pinkish-grey chert Core, drab chert. 11 flakes. Core, mottled
7 flakes.
2115.
2116. 2117.
chert. 8 flakes.
8 flukes.
PI.
2318.
2119.
VIII, Fig.
]].
Missing.
Core, mottled yellowish-white chert. 7
flakes.
2120.
2121. 2122.
2123.
5 flakes.
2121.
2125.
2126.
2127.
2128.
2129.
2130. 2131. 2132.
Core, mottled light-yellowish grey chert. 11 flakes, Core, white agate. 7 flakes.
Neolitus.]
2133.
2134.
-
Oo
2185.
2136. 2137. 2138.
2139.
7 flakes.
10
flakes.
Core, translucent agate. 5 flakes. Core, banded pinkish-white agate. Core, translucent agate.
7 flakes.
8 flakes.
2140.
2141.
2142.
6 flakes.
7 flakes.
2143. 2144.
2145.
2146.
MijsiDg.
Core, dirty white chert. Core, white agate.
Core, agate.
6 flakes,
9 flakes.
2147.
6 flakes.
2148.
2149.
2150.
2151.
2152. 2163.
^.
2154,
2155.
2156,
3157.
P].
VIII, Fig.
8.
2158.
2159.
chert. S flakes.
2160.
2161.
2162.
2163.
2164. 2165. 2166.
94
Neoliths.]
2167.
2168.
2169.
2170.
Missing.
Core, dirty white chert. 8 flakes.
Core, light
2171.
2172. 2173.
2174.
fawn
brown
PI.
2175.
2176.
2
J
VII I,
Fig. 10.
77.
2178.
2179.
2180.
10
flakes.
10
flakes.
flakes.
2181.
up
to
sented
by Major-General A. Cunuiugham
larire
2185. Missing.
2186. Flake, spotted yellowish-brown and grey chert, sharp.
mottled
pinkish-white
and
slate
ohert,
worked and
pointed.
2189. Flake, mottled grey chert, pecked edges, broad point, scraper
2193. Missing.
2194. Flake, banded agate, pointed,
2195. Flake, steel-grey and dirty white chert, small, pointed.
Neoliihs.]
95
3198. Flake, dirty white chert, worked. 2199. llakc; brownish-white, worked, pecked edge. 2200. Flake, reddish-brown chert, worked.
2201. Flake, agate, workeJ.
leaf flakes.
2208.
Not an implement.
PI.
VIU,
Fig. 5t.
93
Neoliths.]
VlljJ'ig,
55.
eherfc.
worked.
2246. Flake, dirty grey chert, worked. 2247. Flake, dirty grey chert, worked,
PI,
YIII,
F ig.
50.
PI.
VIII, Fig. 6.
VIII, Fig
57.
2263
Missing.
Keoliths.]
97
cliprt,
worked.
PL VlII,
Fig. 51.
2275. Missing.
2276. Flake, dark mottled grey chert, worked.
2277. Flake, dark mottled grey chert, worked.
PI.
2280. Crescentic
'^'
pygmy
and
chert.
PI.
VIII,
Figs. 15 -27.
;
weathered trap._
district
5970. Celt, medium, broken butt^ worn edge; tine polished trap.
5971. Celt, medium, partly
trap.
cliipjied
fine
5972. Missing.
5973. Celt, small, paitly chipped and smoothed, crescentic edge,
ted butt
J
trunca-
fine trap.
5974. Celt, small, broad pointed butt, sharp edge, part of one side miss-
ing
fine trap.
5976. Celt, medium, cliipped, edge smoothed, pharp sides and butt, corner
missing
fine trap,
butfc,
5978. Celt, medium, partly chipped and smoothed, sharp edge and butt
trap.
J3
98
Neomths.]
5979. Missing.
flat
sides,
fine trap.
in
each face,
worn
reddish quartzite.
worn, truncated
fine trap.
PL VII,
Fig. 8.
5984. Celt, medium, elongated, small rounded butt, sharp edge; trap?.
5985. Celt, medium, elongated, small rounded butt, broken edge; trap?.
5986. Celt, medium, truncated butt, corner broken, weathered
;
trap.
5988. Celt, small, squat, broad truncated butt, very broad edge, broken
corner; trap.
B989. Celt, small, smoothed, bears marks of chipping, butt and part of
fharp edge broken
;
trap.
5990. Celt, truncated butt, edge partly broken, very weathered; trap.
5991. Hamraerstone, polished, prismatic, worn flattened ends, each side has a double hemispherical indentatfon
;
light
brown
quartzite,
weathered trap.
broad
sides,
truucated
butt,
fine trap.
;
trap.
broken;
weathered
5997. Celt, large, chipped and smoothed, broken, sharp butt; trap.
edge;
weathered
weathered trap,
ground
off
weathered trap.
6002. Celt, small, chipped sides, truncated butt, worn edge
j
trap.
Neoliths.]
99
polished trap.
face
missing
fine trap.
6005. Celt, large, elongated, broken butt and edge; trap. 6006. Missing.
6007. Celt, medium, misshapeu
;
broken trap.
;
gaodstone.
worn
chipped
trap.
;
weathered trap.
6011. Celt, small, small rounded butt, edge slightly worn; trap.
6012. Celt,
medium,
misshapen,
;
smoothed
trap.
corners,
chipped
side,
trap.
trap.
butt;
trap.
Pl
VI, Fig.
4.
sides,
trap.
coarse trap,
sides,
small
trap.
butt,
sharp edge;
weathered
6022. Celt, medium, broad truncated butt, crescentic edge, worn, chipped
trap,
;
sides,
broken edge
trap.
from
small
boulder,
both sides
sides,
four lots
j
of indentations
on
one
6025. Celt, large, chipped and smoothed, chipped sides, truncated butt,
broken edge
trap.
worn
sides
eight
;
circular
reddish-grey
100
Neoliths.]
butt,
trap.
;
trap.
6030. Missing.
6031. Celt, medium, edge polished, rest chipped, sharp edges; fine trap.
6032. Celt, large, chipped and partly smoothed, sharp edges
;
fine trap.
6033. Missing.
6034. Haramerstone, prismatic, ends worn
in three faces, one in the other; PI.
;
polished
brownish quartzite.
sides,
truncated butt,
broken
Vll, Fig.
9.
worn edge
fine trap.
;
weathered trap.
for
holding
coarse sandstone.
fine trap.
sides,
6042. Celt, medium, small flattened butt, worn edge; weathered trap.
trap
?.
trap.
6044. Hammerstone, with depressions and groove for holding, both ends
worn
_l.-tlJB/'U.U.J'1i"im 'iWi nriiiirininMTi|-imi--""~^-'.
.
reddish quartzite.
-
'
In the course of his recent excavations on the famous site of Bhita n ear
Alhihabad, United
Provinces,
Sir
John
Marshall, Director-General
of
He
has kindly
me
"
on the
site,
of a
numand
other
neolithic
in
implonienls
of
slate,
sandstone
D.)
the
Kushana
(2nd Century A.
and
Early an^ Late Mediaeval strata, and there can be no ncistake as to the
Neoliths.]
periods to
101
to
How,
then,
is
their
presence
is
be
that,
after
being sacted and desolated by enemies, the town was on several occasions
occupied
of
by neighbouring- jungle
and who
is
tribes,
who were
still
still
culture,
left these
Another possible
pacrificial
explanation
or
centuries before
from the
but
this
is
less likely in
which,
of a
if
due to
or less
artificial
more
may
we
have here conclusive proof that neolithic implements were in use in India
until mediaeval times.
"
With two exceptions the implements are all of common neolithic types. The exceptions are the two curious sandstone objects which Sir John Marshall thinks
may have
and I have
put.
to confess that I
it is
do not know
to
While
were
quite
Khusana
time
period lived
surrounded
by
numerous
who
Sir
at
that
using
stone
implements,
and who
their
weapons on
its fall, I
am
suggestion
is
more
likely to
be correct. This
religious
is
purposes
who
Sir
examples
of
sueh conservatism
among
the
Egyptians,
To
these
might be
also.
Many
present
implements which
have up to the
Chou
Such implements are not only "contemthe Chinese bronze age, but also from an epoch when the
its
its
way
:
.g.,
from an archaeological
(See
Laufer, Field
72).
Anthr.
Ser.,
Vol.
X,
p.
II,
The
burial
(lynastly
of jade implemeuts
was
to tlie
laucli
privctised
during the
of
the
Chou
Han
A, D.
these early days a pronounced symbolical cult had gathered 221) but this only shows that in aiound such objects, which weio then regarded in all probability as the relics cf a
forgoltea past.
102
Neoliths.]
when
had been
they were regarded as emblems of the solar deity, and as such shared in the
quality
ons in warding
It
all evil
and demoniacal
finds are actual
if
influences, (Laufer.)
might be anticipated,
they
this criticism,
believe
is
sufficiently
example.
Even
the
present
villages in
which
kept,
the inhabi-
The implements
and to be
efficacious in the
treatment of disease.
In some
districts I
have
image of the
(See
:
god
J.
of
his worship,
by
sick people.
Yunnan with a short account of the beliefs of the China, YunProvince; Western " Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, New Ser., nanese regarding these objects. Vol. V, No. 8, 1909, pp. 299-305).^ A full treatment of this fascinating The Thunder Weapon subject is to be found in a work by C. Blinkenberg,
Coggin Brown
''
ia Relio-ion
and
Folklore.'^
Cambridge Anthropological
Series, 1913.
Celt,
coarse trap.
2.
Kushana
date.
Implement
two
of smoothed sandstone.
flattened
date.
sides
prolonged eccentrically.
Woodsplitter
Kushana
3.
Celt,
flat
sides,
truncated butt,
diabase.
Kushana date ?
4.
small butt,
weathered;
or
A common
Indian
form.
5.
Kushana
Gupta.
are
Gupta
finds
date.
The
relations
between these
celts
'
of the
Chou dynasty
dealt
NEOtiTTHs/j
6. Similar to 2.
7.
OS
Century A. D.
Celt, small, slightly curved edge well bevelled off into the faces, sides
greenish grey
trap.
Found
8. Celt, large,
D.
sides taper into
Found
in
^^
medium, chipped and smoothed, pointed butt, sharp sides, straight sharp edge. Collected by W. L. Wilson of the
Damoh
district.
limestone,
Damoh. W.L.W.
Damoh.
W.
L.
W.
Damoh.
.L.
W.
Damoh.
W.
17i. Celt,
L.
W.
;
Damoh. W. L. W.
trap ?
VII, Fig.
7.
175.
Celt,
small,
truncated
district.
butt,
adze-like
edge; trap?.
Moonai, Jubbulpore
166. Celt, small, irregular, broad truncated butt, axe edge; trap?
Near
Jubbulpore.
U.
S. Carey.
;
Near Jubbul-
U.
S. Carey.
;
Jubbulpore.
locality
of
183 to which no
cores
consist
of
Neolithic
and
flakes
from
J ubbulpo re.
This locality
is
which are
remarkable for the high proportion borne by the cores to the flakes that have
been discovered.
The specimens
first of
the exceed-
in 1865,
who
the Asiatic
Society of Bengal.
W.
on
[Proc, Asiatic Soc. Bengal, 1865, pp. T. Blandford exhibited a large series
agate
cores
and
flakes
behalf of
H.
_Iliyett-Carnac,
before
the
Asiatic Society of Bengal. {Proe., Asiatic Soc. Bengal, 1866, pp. 230-231.
104)
NEOiiiTHS.]
Some
Blaudford, the collection can be divided into two cUsses. one of which exactly
represents the flakes so frequently found associated with
human remains
of
great antiquity in Europe; the other consisting of^cores very similar to those
The flakes are, for the most part, Some are pointed, others blunted
it is
designed fot
flakes,
oblong
much
broader form.
The
cores are of
principal forms,
Many of
and
The
material of which
all
formed
is
agate or jasper
in central
developed
and
western India.
edges of flakes
character
It
split
is
from
It
is
similar in mineral
Europe, and
Some
are broadly
pointed,
Examples 1040-1070,
quired by the
Bnrchonka
village,
8 miles
ac-
Museum
in 18S2.
pointed
grey agate.
grey chert.
PI,
Neolttits.]
1044. Missing.
105
PI.
grey chert.
grey chert.
grey chert.
grey chert.
grey chert.
,
small
grey chert.
brownish-red chert.
grey chert.
;
1067. Missing.
1068. Flake, small, thin; dark grey chert.
neighbourhood of Jubbulpor e.
Flakes
5.
Fl. 7.
Fl. 5.
Fl. 4,
Fl. 5.
It
106
Neoliths.]
[The United
a.nd
Central Provinces.
124^. Core, cbevt, mottled chocolate and drab. 1243. Core^ chert, mottled pink and grey.
Fl. 8.
Fl. 7.
Fl. 5.
Fl. 5,
Fl. 10.
Fl. 8.
Fl. 5.
Fl. 5.
Fl. 5.
Fl. 16.
Fl. 5.
Fl. 6. Fl. 6.
1259. Core, agate, pinkish and milky white. 1260. Core, agate, translucent milky white.
1261. Core, agate, translucent mijky white. 1262. Core, chert, opaque white.
Fl. 5. Fl. 5.
1264. Missing.
1265. Core, agate, mottled greyish-white.
Fl. 8.
Fl. 5. Fl. 9.
Fl. 11.
Fl. 12.
2.
3.
Fl. 8.
Fl. 8.
Neoliths,]
107
5 double.
PI.
VIII, Fig. 5.
1 13
double.
Flakes 10.
Fl. 7.
Fl. 8 double.
Fl. 11.
Fl. 6 double.
Fl. 12,
Fl. 8 double.
1288. Missing.
1280. Core, chert, green and brown.
Fl.
13 treble.
1290. Missing.
1291. Core, chert, dark steel-grey,
1292. Core, chert, dark steel-grey.
1293. Core, chert, brick red.
Fl. 6.
Fl.
13 double.
Fl. 6 double.
Fl. 13 double.
Fl. 10.
VIII, Fig. 7.
Fl, 11 double,
Fl. 6 double.
Fl. 12.
Fl. 4.
Fl. 6.
Fl. 11.
1301. Core, chert, light maroon spotted pink. 1306. Core, chert, dull maroon.
Fl. 9 double.
Fl. 7 double.
1306. Core, chert, mottled reddish-browu. 1307. Core, chert, dull crimson.
Fl. 6 double,
Fl. 8 double.
108
NeolitHs.]
Fl. 6.
1315. Missing.
1316. Missing.
^
Fl. 7.
10 double.
Fl. 8. Fl. 0.
1324. Core, chert, light greenish-grey with brownish patch. 1325. Core, chert, mottled brownish-grey.
1326. Core, chert,
Fl. 7.
Fl. 5.
Fl. 6.
Fl. 7.
Fl. 11.
Fl. 5,
PI.
VIII, Fig.
3.
1330. Missing. 1331. Core, agate, translucent white and orange grey. 1832. Core, opal, translucent milk white.
1333. Core, opal, streaked grey and brown.
Fl. 5.
Fl. 6.
1334. Core, chert, light dirty brown. 1335. Core, opal, translucent grey, Fl.
1336. Missing.
Fl. 6.
9,
^
Fl. 7,
Fl, 6,
Fl. 8 double.
Fl. 9 double.
Fl,
4 double,
greenish-black.
Fl. 3.
Fl. 4,
Fl. 5,
NeoLiths.]
13445,
Peovince-s.
109
4 double.
8.
1345.
Fl.
Fl. 11 double,
Fl. 10 double.
Fl. 6 double,
Fl. 4.
1352. Core, chert, mottled greyish-blueand chocolate. 1353. Core, chert, variegated greenish-grey.
F). 8 double.
Fl. 7 double,
Fl. 6.
Fl, 10.
Fl. 10,
Fl. 7 double.
Fl. 7 double.
Fl. 9 double.
Fl. 9. Fl. 8 double.
1862. Core, chert, mottled yellowish-brown. 1363. Core, chert, grey and bluish-grey.
Fl. 14 double.
Fl. 5.
1364. Core, chert, reddish-brown and drab. 1365. Core, chert, slate grey. Fl. 12.
Fl. 4.
Fl. 11.
Fl. 5.
Fl. 6 double.
VIII, Fig,
6.
Fl. 11 double.
Fl.
10 double.
Fl. 6.
1378. Missing. 1374. Core, chert, streaked reddish and grey shades.
Fl, 7.
Fl. 5.
Fl, 4.
ilO
Neoliths.]
Fl. 11 double.
Fl. 7.
1381
Fl. 4.
Fl. 5.
1383. Core, chert, striped brown and yellowish-brown with white. Fl. 9
double.
Fl. 6.
Fl. 4.
1385. Core, chert, striped slate grey and brownish shades. 1386. Core, chert, variegated grey, red and bluish.
Fl. 8.
Fl. 6.
Fl. 5.
streaked grey
and brown.
Fl. 12.
Fl. 13.
Fl. 6.
Fl. 11.
Fl. 7.
Fl. 10.
PI.
VIII, Fig.
4.
Fl. 1.
Fl. 6.
Fl. 3.
Fl, 8.
8.
1406. Core, chert, variegated reddish-brown and white. 1407. Core, chert, reddish-brown and buff.
1408. Core, agate, translucent.
Fl. 10.
Fl. 8.
Fl. 5 double.
Neoliths.]
HI
Fl. 8,
Fl. 6.
light grey.
Fl. 9.
Fl. 7 double.
Fill.
Fl. 10.
1417. Missing.
1418. Core, banded agate, translucent.
Fl. 9.
Fl. 8. Fl. \2,
1419
Fl. 7,
Fl. 6.
Fl. 6.
Fl. 9.
Fl.
17 double.
1432. Core, agate, translucent, banded. 1433. Core, agate, translucent, banded. 1434. Core, agate, translucent, banded.
Fl.
12.
Fl. 6.
1485. Missing.
1436. Core, agate, opaque white banded.
Fl. 12. PI.
Fl. 8.
Fl. 11
large.
VIII,
variegated reddish-grey.
Fl.
9 large.
112
Neoliths.]
1442. Core, chert, maroon.
1443. Core, chert, maroon.
Fl.
Fl 4,
Fl. 9.
Fl. 16.
Fl
13, double.
Fl. 12.
Fl, 10.
Fl. 10.
Fl, 10,
1452. Core, chert, variegated dark purple and grey. Fl. 10.
1453. Core, chert, banded salmon pink and reddish-grey.
Fl. 11,
Fl. 7,
Fl. 8.
Fl. 4.
Fl. 12.
Fl. 8. Fl. 14.
Fl. 6.
Fl. 14.
Fl. 9. Fl. 5.
PI.
Fl.
4.
Fl. 4.
Fl. 5.
Fl. 8,
Fl. 17.
Fl. 6.
Fl. 3. Fl. 9,
Neoliths,]
1475. Missing. 1476. Core,
cliert,
113
1479. Core,
cherfe^
small,
Fl
17.
1487. Missing.
1488. Core, agate, small. Fl. 10.
7. 7.
8. 6.
9. 7.
5.
6.
1502. Missing.
1503. Core, agate, translucent and banded.
Fl. 9.
Fl. 11.
8.
3DGA
114
Neoliths,]
1509. Core, agate, translucent banded. Fl. 1510. Core, agate, translucent banded. Fl.
5. 7.
1512. Core, cbert, reddish streaked white. Fl. 10. 1513. Core, agate, translucent. Fl. 10.
1514.
Core^, agate,
translucent
and banded.
Fl. 5,
IbJb. Core, chert, stained bluish-grey. Fl. 12. 1516. Core, agate, translucent banded. Fl. 9. 1517. Core, chert, banded fawn. Fl. 11.
1518. Core, agate, translucent. Fl.
5. 8.
S.
8.
7.
Fl. 8.
8, large.
i>.
1540. Core, chert, variegated shades of red and grey. Fl. 1541. Missing.
'
Neoliths.]
16
^!L^IiIfc^^*ei
1548. Missing.
1549. Core, chert, variegated grey and dirty white. PI 8
1550. Core, chert, bluish-grey. Fl.
7.
Fl.
1
Fl. 6.
Fl. 10.
Fl. 9.
1561. Core, chert, salmon pink and yellowish- white. Fl, 1562. Core, chert, opaque dirty white. Fl.
1563. Core, chert, bluish-grey. Fl.
9.
P.
0.
5.
5.
Fl. 15.
9.
1573. Chert
1574. Chert
flake,
flake,
worked edges.
worked edges.
1576. Missing.
116
Neoliths.]
1577. Chert
flake,
flake,
1578. Chert
1579. Chert
worked edges.
flake,
worked edges.
1582. Chert
flake,
Chert
flake,
flake,
1585. Chert
1
worked edges.
1587. Chert
worked edges.
1588. Chert
1589. Chert
flake;
flake,
worked edges.
worked edges.
1590. Chert
flake,
worked edges.
1593. Agate
1593. Agate
1594. Chert
flake,
worked edges.
flake,
worked edges.
worked edges.
flake,
1596. Chert
1597. Chert
flake,
worked edges.
flake,
worked edges.
1598. Missing.
1599. Chert
1600.
1601.
1602.
flake^
worked edges.
Pygmy
Pygmy Pygmy
Pygmy
Pygmy
1603.
1604.
1605.
1606.
Pygmy Pygmy
1607.
Pygmy
Pygmy
1608.
1609.
Pygmy
Keoliths.]
1610.
117
Pygmy
1611. 1612.
Pygmy
Pygmy
worked.
PI.
1613.
Pygmy
1614. Missing.
Pygmy
Pygmy
1617.
1618. 1619.
1620.
Pygmy
Pygmy
Pygmy
1621.
Pygmy
Pygmy
1622.
1623.
Pygmy chert
Pygmy
worked.
PI.
1626.
1627. 1628.
Pygmy
Pygmy
Pygmy
Pygmy
1629.
1630.
VIII, Fig.
36,
Pygmy
Pygmy
chert flake,
worked.
1631.
1632.
Pygmy
1633. Missing.
Pygmy
Pygmy
1636.
1637.
1638. 1639.
Pygmy
Pygmy
PL
PI.
Pygmy
1640. Missing.
1641. Agate
flake, large.
1643. Chert
flake, large,
worked, grey.
118
Neoliths.]
1644-.
Chert
flake, large,
worked, large.
worked, grey and white.
worked, grey and white.
flake,
flake,
flake,
flake,
1650. Agate
1651. Agate
worked, greyish-white.
worked, greyish-whife.
worked, greyish white, pointed.
1652. Agate
flake^
flake, flake,
worked, greyish-white.
worked, greyish-white.
white.
flake, worked,,
1657. Chert
1658. Agate
flake,
greyishbrown, worked.
flakw, translucent,
worked
1665. Agate
1666. Agate
1667. Agate
flake, small.
flake,
small
flake, small.
1668. Missing.
1669. Agate
flake, small.
1670. Agate
flake, small.
1673. Agate
flake, small.
1676. Agate
Neoliths.]
1678. Missing.
1679. Missing.
119
1680. Agate
flake, small.
1683. Missing.
1684. Agate
1085. Agate
flake, small.
flake, small.
1687. Agate
flake,
pygmy.
1690. Chert
1
flake,
pygmy.
690
h.
Chert
flake, large.
pygmy.
pygmy.
The following
1202.
Hammerstone,
rounded
near
hutt,
sandstone.
Stale,
Bone
Raipur
mound,
district.
Arjuni,
Nandgaon
feudatory
Same
locality as 1202.
2 miles
E. Long
8337'; N. Lat.
20TrTTrr. Walker, G.
Nerbudda
:
S. I.
P.c,Vh/\ Q\
,^S^
valley, G.S.I,
^
,
INDUS VALLEY,
Theobald^s
celt.
No. 81 4<,
is
first
specimen of
its
mens
of those
remarkably
is
famous, had
It was picked been obtained before this time in Sind, but no larger objects. liec. Geol, (See: Sury. 1879. India, Vol. XII I, 21st, February up on
p. 176).
ISO
.
Neoliths.]
[Indus Valley.
near Sukkur and
R ohri,
tlie
immense
flint
quantities
of
l-^
and
made from
which abounds in
limest one.
Many
inches long.
Some
smaller but very perfectly and regularly shaped cores of the same material
\tj
(See
Manual of
from the
Geol.
^^
1,
page 44^).
The
early
finds
(
Mag
with
plates),
:
W.
T.
Blanford^
who
writes
There can be
far
little
late
age of these
cores.
They
are
by
forms made
in
the Geolo-
places.
many
of the cores,
which I do not
ground by
artlBcial
means.
The material
is in
all
cases
nummulitic
flint.
"I am much disposed to believe that the cores found in the Indus were made by a different people from those who chipped their flakes on the hills
around.
This
may
be due to
expert contem-
hills
or visited
them
for
the
may
have lived
later,
when the
There
to
is
art
of
flint
chipping had
been brought to
selected
greater perfection.
carried
dwellings on the bank of the river, in order that and cutting flakes might be obtained from them by pressure, while less perfect the
home
However it may have specimens I have yet seen from the happened, river bed are singularly well formed, shewing as a rule no trace of a flaw,
materials
utilized
it is
were
hills,
broken or imperfect.
""
[Joiirn.,
"
Indus valley?
polished diorite.
South of Jhelum.
weathered limestone.
Banks
of the
Att^.
Indus opposite Sbadipur, 21 miles south-west of Found in may 1880 by W. Theobald G.S.I. See Rec,
PI.
Vll;
Fio.. 10,
Neoliths.]
816. Scraper,
Sind.
large,
[Indus Valley.
121
worked
flint.
From
the surface at
Shirak,
Lower
817. Core,
small, 12
flint.
From
the
Sukkur, Sind.
are
which
flint.
flint.
flint.
PI.
823. Missing.
824. Core, large, 15 flakes
;
flint. flint.
flint.
827.
Worked
flint,
flaked edge.
;
flint.
flint.
flint.
flint.
flint.
flint.
flint.
;
flint.
flint. flint.
flint.
flint.
flint.
flint.
fiint.
845. Missing.
16
na
Nkoliths.]
846. Core, medium, 13 flakes;
flint.
[Indus Valley.
flint.
fliut.
worked edges.
fliut core.
flint core.
flint.
855.
Worked
piece of core.
858. Missing.
859. Core, small, 13 flakes
j
flint.
flint.
BALUCHISTAN.
3246. Large
Fig.
6.
ringstone
siliceous
limestone.
Miri, Quetta,
PL VII,
vinces
paper.
Celts,
all
ringstones,
arrow-heads
and
red
described
by Wood-Mason,
Neoliths.]
123
who
also promised
account dealing
relics,
was written.
This does not appear to have been published before Wood-Mason's death,
a few years
later.
the
occurrence
of
shouldered
or
spade-
tions of the
greenish grey
small
;
slate.
PI. 2.
actinolite schist.
;
black trap.
PI. 3, 1
&
la
chert.
PI. 3, Figs a
P!. 4, Fig. 1.
&
2a.
chert. chert.
PI.
4>,
Fig. 2.
3156. Flake
PI. 4, Fig. 3.
PI. 4, Fig. 4.
PI.
chert.
PI. 4, Fig. 7.
:'
U flakes;
;
chert.
PI. 4, Fig. 8.
chert.
PL
4,
Fig. 9.
chert.
&
Sa.
PI. 5, Figs.
&
4,
transparent quartz.
PI. 5, Fig. 6.
PI. 5, Fig. 5,
chert.
PI. 5, Fig. 7.
PI. 5, Fig. 8.
124
Neoliths.]
3177. Piece of earthy hematite rubbed and scraped. 3178. Piece of earthy hematite rubbed and scraped. 3179. Flake, creseentic
;
grey chert.
agate.
PI.
grey chert.
grey chert.
3186. Flake, worked, creseentic; grey chert. 3187. Flake, worked, creseentic, small; grey chert.
3188. Flake, worked, creseentic; grey chert.
VIII, Fig,
3191. Flake, worked, creseentic; yellowish-brown chert. 3192. Flake, worked, small
3193. Flake, worked, small
;
striped
grey
chert.
3196. Missing.
3197. Flake, small, worked
;
3199. Missing.
3200. Flake, worked; slate coloured chert. 3201. Missing.
3202. Flake
chert.
;
grey chert.
grey chert.
light
brown
chert.
translucent agate.
;
chert.
Neoliths.j
125
3214. Missing.
3215. Missing.
3226. Missing.
3227. Missing. 8228. Piece of red earthy hematite.
3229. Piece of red earthy hematite.
3230. Piece of red earthy hematite.
3231. Piece of red earthy hematite.
3284. Piece of red earthy hematite. 3258. Celt, large, chisel edge, flattened butt
slate.
;
greenish-grey indurated
3261. Celt, small, polished, straight edge, beveled sides, broken butt;
variegated schist,
hernatone?
126
Neoliths.]
3264. Celt, polished, broken creseentic edge
bleached trap.
;
flat sides
slate.
flat
sides
tapering to
small
bleached trap.
3272. Celt, medium, eresceatic edge, truncated butt; schist 3273. Celt, medium, straight edge,
flat sides
;
flat
butt
?
schist.
edge
basalt
trap
3277. Missing.
3278. Celt, medium, polished, straight
edge,
beveled sides,
flat
faces,
rounded butt
3279. Missing.
3280. Celt,
sandstone.
medium,
polished,
sides, truncated
butt; hornstone.
3281. Celt, small, straight edge,
flat sides
and
faces
slate.
3282. Missing.
3283. Grinder or mealing stone, circular top
;
hornblende schist,
hornblende schist.
edges
edges
quartzite.
gneiss.
PI.
IX, Fig.
8.
edges
quartz schist.
Neoliths.]
3295. Discs with thick Hat edgos
1^7
flat
flat
edges.
edges.
alatey-grcy chert.
PI.
VIII, Fig.
12.
double
grey chert.
very
weatberedj trap.
3330. Celt,
medium,
bleached
sandstone.
variegated schist.
flat sides,
small butt,
flat
trap
8334. Celt, large, straight edge, beveled edges, tapers to rounded point;
trap.
hornblende schist.
;
polished trap.
;
variegated
8338. Celt, small, straight edge, beveled sides tapering to pointed butt;
variegated schist.
flat sides
schist
to
pointed buttj
; ;
128
Neoliths.]
8344. Celt broken
3345. Celt,
;
broken
smoothed butt
flat sides
variegated schist.
IX, Fig.
6.
tapers to
small buttj
flat sides,
sides,
truncated
3350. Celt,
sides, small
butt
weathered
trap.
flat
cresceotic
7.
edge,
flat
sides;
variegated
schist.
IX, Fig.
3354. Celt, large, polished, crescentic edge, broken 8355. Celt, polished, straight edge, broken
3356. Celt
?,
;
horasfcone.
slate.
indurated
sides, broken.
3357. Missing.
o358. Celt, small; polished, straight edge,
butt
;
flat
sides,
tapers to pointed
variegated schist.
8359. Missing.
8360. Celt, small, polished, straight edge, tapers to pointed butt; varie-
gated schist. 3361. Celt, small, polished, broad edge, tapers to truncated
buttj varie-
gated
schist.
flat sides,
3363. Celt, small beveled sides, straight edge, tapers to pointed butt
variegated schist.
sides, straight
truncated butt
butt; variegated
3367. Celt, small, polished, straight edge, beveled sides, small butt;
varieofated schist.
Neoliths,]
129
varie-
sandstone
Prom
YII, Fig.
4.
dis-
to the
^Museum
in
celt
sharp edge
polished
lime-
polished hornstone.
piece of schist.
;
polished weather-
ed limestone.
J. Deveria.
VII, Fig.
1.
and butt
polished
variegated schist.
Same
50. Missing.
locality
and donor.
51.
Nine
flakes of
dark chert.
also at Chuckerdherjpore,
Beechiog in 1868 at Chaibassa in the Singbhum district and They were generally 1 6 miles away.
does not
of which the
Soc. Bengal,
1868, p. 177.
by V.
Ball,
who
obtained strong
human
.
Benjali^l^lO, p
268.
130
Neoliths.]
of
Buradih,
south-east
flakes^,
of
Gomaria
in
These
beeen
they
appear to
have
and
figured in
India,
On
Ancient
Stone
Implements of
I,
" Proc,
1879.
Irish, Acad.,
2nd
Series, Vol.
pp. 388-
414.
worn
dark
slate.
From
1878,
pp.
p.
2nd
Series,
Voh
butt,
I,
P XV, F ig.
I.
9.
pointed
Found
in
a garden
at
Ganges.
2618. Piece of
butt,
PI.
fossil
Mr.
J. Deveria.
flat,
truncated
beautifully polished.
Chittagong.
Ba-
Lai, Q.S.I.
p.
See"JournZAsiatic
Pi.
Bengal, Yo\.
hYIll
(1889),
254.
IX, Fig.
9.
;
weathered mica
schist.
Nullah south
of
Ranchi.
4477. Celt, broken, very elongated, cylindrical body, straight edge; weathered trap?.
Parhardia.
j
trap ? Present
ASSAM.
The
collection
of
prehistoric
remains
discovered
near Tezpur by
specimens of more
are
The
similar
Bengal,
Vol. IX.
implements
of the Burmese
type,
in
areas
present hilly
NbolitAs.]
held
[Assam.
131
of the
older tribes of
Burma, which
grounds/'
Forms
1914,
Asia."
Asiatic
Soc.
Bengal,
Vol.
X;
No.
4,
107-109.
Grooved hammers
Neolithic stone implements recorded from Eastern Asia^ and their occurrence
in
Assam
is
of
some
interest.
;
streaked
and mottled
21.
jadeite.
Mr, Healy,
Geological Survey.
866. Celt,
flat sides,
Tl.IXj Fig.
faces
slate.
Terabeg,
Mr. C. Brownlow
number 866.
867. Celt,
small,
Its locality
is
unknown.
sharply
to
polished;
tapering
small
butt;
slat^.
Dibrugarh.
868. Celt,
small,
flat,
slate.
the
surface,
fiat sides
slate.
158-159.
PI.
IX,Fig._19.
997. Celt,
wedge
Found
in
clay,
Shillong.
PI.
Journ.,
Asiatic Soc,
Specimens 6079-6104 and 6131-6145 were found under the surface while digging a drain at Bishuath, Tezpur district, by Mr. Penny,
who
presented
them
to
whom
they reached
the Museum,
Fragment
of
smoothed sandstone.
;
6084. Hammerstone, grooved; hard grey sandstone. 6086. Celt, small, broken; weathered
6086.
slate.
Wotked
1S2
Nboliths.]
6087.
[Assam.
piece of volcanic ash ?
9,-Z
Worked
fragments.
?
?
worked.
celt.
worked.
6094. Pieces of greyish-blue decomposed volcanic ash 6095. Small fragments of sandstone pebbles, 8 pieces.
6096. Small fragments of sandstone pebbles, 8 pieces.
3 small pieces.
pieces.
flat sides,
flat faces,
misshapen; weathered
;
slate.
slate.
Jo/cm., Asiatic
Yol IV
'
wedge
type,
wide
flat
sides;
greyish- blue
slate.
PL IX,
6105. Missing.
Pig. 13,
polished
polished porphyrite
grooved
;
Worked
pieces of
rejected celts.
PI,
IX, Fig,
%'2>,
Nboliths.]
6142. Broken sandstone pebble, not an implement.
614.3.
[Absam.
133
IX
6321. Ringston e;
fine
polished sandstone.
Narainpur,
Dewan Cachar.
Found
it
in the jungle
whom
was presented
to the
Museum
Assam.
in 1910.
;
polished
volcanic ash?,
Kanoo Tea
1872, p. 136.
993. Celt, rounded
Factory,
Bengal,
erescentle
cutting
edge
schistose rock.
Mishmi hills, north-east of Sadiya. Anderson, " Western Yunnan, " ;p. 414, PI. I, Fig. 4.
BURMA.
W^ Theobald,
first
of the Geological
to
to
draw attention
to the
Burma and
to certain peculiarities
which they
possess.
Many
of the speci-
in the Indian
Museum, were
described
and figured by him. 31em., Geol. Surv. Ijid., Voh X, pp, 167-171. Writing of the palaeolithic implements of Madras and of the Nerbudda valley
and
of certain neolithic
ones he says
is
: " One
the
precise similarity in
in India
and
those in Europe,
some cause or
it
by the material
would be
(flint so
commonly used
diflScult to
celt of
green-
of the
Shannon.
So
close is
such
and Europe
134i
Neoliths.]
circles so plentiful in
Surma.
some parts of
India,
and stone
similar
and
so
similar
with
[sic)
erections in Europe.
Were
larity of
there, however,
any
monuments, both
industrial, funereal,
it
and
religious,
was provided
British
Burmah.
existed
what
race
in
yet directly
we
Bay
of Bengal,
we
find stone
implements not
less
We
and
either palaeolithic or
neolithic,
but one
size,
Malayan
countries,
both in
and design
displaying
of
considerable
of
the
ordinary types
weapons
found elsewhere.
of divergence are
1st,
Malayan
area; 2nd,
the
a
cutting edge
down on
size
one
side,
as
chisel
and seeming
inefficiency for
and no t a n axe; 3rd, the general small any rough purpose, though it must be realso
found in
Though some
later
in
the
light
of
difference
shows that he thoroughly appreciated the * celt and the 'shouldered "or
" spade^lt
of
Burma and
Ball
The
discovery of
similar forms
by V.
the
Dhalbhum (Proc,
Asiatic
Soc.
Bengalf
1875, pp.
comiection between
light
Munda and
It
is
by
philological
is
it
researches.
spade-celt
and that
into India
and Vol.
2, p.
XXI,
stone.
little
fig."5.
sides
coarse
compact sand-
From a stream
Chaung, a
south o Nattoung
Western Prome.
Mem,, Geo,
NeOLITHS.]
[BtJBMA.
135
p.
figs,
la and \h.
W.
871. Spade
Theobald.
celt,
;
on
front,
sides
parallel,
edg-e
broken
Ya-guay
;"P1.
village,
figs,
Tavoy.
Mem.,
87/J.
X,
p.
169
IV,
la and U.
Spade
celt, similar
to 871
but
much
IV,
edge
broken
j
greyish-blue
fine-grained
figs,
Pegi^j W",
Theobald
Ibid. p.
169
PI.
2a and U.
j
compact grey
Sa and
874. Spade
Zd.
slate.
W.
Theobald. Ibirl
p. 169, PI.
IV,
figs,
celt, small,
at
expense of body.
in
Eoth
faces
equally
ground away
slate.
to
meet
cutting edge.
I^'id, p.
169, PI.
IV,
figs.
4a
and U.
W.
Theobald.
;
back beveled
to
meet in
Jl/id.
W.
Theobald.
V,
figs,
la and U.
876. Spade
celt, small,
broad type,
polished,
Ibid. PI.
V,
fig. 2.
Captain Fryer.
greyish
3d.
PI.
877. Spade
celt,
elongated, chisel-like,
edge worn;
Ibid.
PI.
hardened
fig.
clay slate.
Captain Fryer.
V,
3a and
IX, Fig.
3.
flat
sides
tapering to butt.
;
Front beveled for approximately i total length hardened Ibid. PI. VI, fig. la and lb. clay slate. Captain Frver.
879. Spade
celt,
face long;
2a and
U. W. Theo-
880. Celt,
front
flat sides
1, PI.
VI,
figs,
Sa and
calcareous sandstone.
Captain Fryer
882.
1.
PI.
Captain Fryer.
883. Celt, pointed oval section, faces taper to a sharp butt, convex edge,
dark
slate.
8,
1.
186
Neoltths.]
135. Spade celt, medium,
flat parallel
[Burma.
sides, rectangular
;
section, fx-ont
worn
discoloured dark
grey
slate.
8, fig. a.
very worn;
Ibid.
PI. 8,
W.
Theobald,
^a and
2>b.
886. Celt,
small and
tapering,
slightly
grained quartzite.
Pegu.
W.
figs.
4a
and
4/;.
rectangular section^
very
wea-
Captain
Fryer.
\a and
888. SjQade
lb.
celt, small,
black rook of
,
undetermined composition.
PI. 9, figs.
U and
%b.
PI.
compressed oval
figs. 2>a
dark
schist.
W.
Theobald.
IX,
and U.
890. Sjgade^elt, small broad type, both faces beveled to meet in cutting
edge which
is
worn, sides
slightly
taper
towards shoulders
Captain Fryer.
Ibid,, PI.
IX,
figs.
4a
and
43.
semi-circular
cutting edge,
flake
marks
still
visible.
Belogyan,
Amherst
district.
Captain Fryer.
is
missing
in section plano-
dark serpentine.
of the
worn
894. Celt,
hard
slate.
Captain Fryer.
sides
;
PL IX, Fig.
butt,
elongated,
;
straight
tapering to
cutting edge
convex
rectangular section
5.
hard sandstone.
Captain Fryer.
PL IX. Fig
895.
of uncertain
nature.
Captain
896. Celt,
flat,
edge wanting.
Neoliths.]
897. Celt,
flat,
[Buema.
polishedj flat sides tapering to butt, rectangular
;
137
section,
axe-like, similar to
897
Fryer.
899. Chisel
?,
flake
marks
still
worn
901. Celt, similar to 898, but tapers more rapidly to butt, cutting edge
more convex
20.
slate. PI.
IX, Fig.
butt,
convex blade,
fine,
PI.
IX,
903. Sgade
celt,
polished
mottled
Celt, similar
to
894 with
rounded
;
flatter
sides partly
905. Celt, butt end worn away, cutting edge developed from front face
polished fine-grained light
brown sandstone.
flattened
sides;
polished
ringstone
W.
Theobald.
indurated
911. Spade
celt,
;
along a cleavage
plane
912. Spade
W.
Theobald.
greenish-grey
celt,
broad
chisel
type; polished,
phyllite.
918. Spade
celt,
polished
dark greenish-grey
slate.
W.
Theobald.
rectangular cross sec-
sides,
W.
;
Theobald.
vol-
a decomposed
Theobald.
18
138
Nboliths.]
[Burma.
916. Celt without shoulders, small; similar to 898 bat not so elongated, broken
j
dark clay
slate.
W.
Theobald.
indurated
917. S^adecelt,
'
~
broad, badly
grey
slate.
W.
Theobald.
918. Sp&decelt, broad and massive, bevels of front face prolonged to-
W.
Theobald.
X^
919. Sp%de
celt,
broad and
massive,
water worn
hard light
brown
sandstone.
W.
Theobald.
slightly shouldered, top missing
;
and
flat,
dark indu-
rated slate.
W.
Theobald.
dark indurated
East of
Prome.
922. Ovoid
stone
to
disc,
polished.
all
One
face
somewhat
flattened.
Worked
brown
a smooth edge
round.
Fine grained
greyish-
quartzite.
Sandoway.
Captain Fryer.
923. Celt, small and tapering, rather like 901, prolonged bevel on front face which is also rounded off to meet the sides, edge broken,
polished
;
light
brown iudurated
slate.
;
Ramri.
polished
fine-grained
thin,
slightly shouldered
bluish-grey phyllite.
Ramri,
flat sides,
;
front face
Sur-
much weathered
G.
926.
Surface discoloured.
S. I.
927. Spade
celt,
edge broken,
flat
like
Bleaching
more
evident.
very weathered
small
dark
like
;
slate.
celt,
and broad
from Burma.
;
984. Spade
celt,
dark gry
slate.
Nboliths.]
935. Spade
936. Spade
celt, tbin,
[Burma.
edge wanting
badly shaped
;
139
celt, thin,
indurated
slate.
937.
Same
as 933.
celt,
995. Spade
broad
and elongated forms; polished yellowish -grey, fine-grained sandstone, weathered. Pegu. W. Theobald.
55B9, Spade
celt,
weathered
reddish-brown
Taminated
Presented by the
Government
of
Burma, 1898.
ANDAMAN
The following specimens were
ISLANDS.
by the
late F.
collected
Stoliczka
of
the
Not an implement.
?,
worked.
?
1017. Missing.
1018.
Not an implement.
The following specimens were found near a native house at Pilai Bay, Pilai or Elphinstone Island, in 1882 by John Anderson.
1790. Pounding stone, ovoid, worn at periphery, depressions
of flat faces
j
in
centre
lava ?
;
grey granite.
UNKNOWN
LOCALITIES.
151. Celt,
one
side flat,
small
flat
butt
No
locality.
1763. Spade
celt,
small,
elongated
polished
limestone,
weathered,
140
Neoliths.]
1766. Hammerstone, rectangular prismatic,
locality.
[Unknown
rounded ends
;
localities.
diorite.
No
coarse diorite.
No
locality.
polished trap.
sides,
No
locality.
No
trap.
No
locality.
No
locality.
speckled trap.
No
locality.
sharp edge;
trap.
No
No
polished,
worn edge;
trap.
flat,
stained trap.
trap.
No
loca-
Dharwar
district.
R.B.F.
polished basalt.
chloritic
schist.
Belgaum
district.
;
R.B.F.
coarse trap.
Belgaum
district.
R.B.F.
COPPER ANTIQUITIES.
The actual
weighed.
descriptions of the copper
antiquities are taken very largely
re-
from Anderson's catalogue, but each specimen has been remeasured and
(See " Catalogue
and Handbook
in the Indian
Museum '\
BENGAL.
Pachamha su&-fUvuion, BazaribagJi
district.
Pachamba
is
district of
Bengal, and
who found
them
*Svithin a cubit's
which covers an
and measure).
The
hillock is surrounded
by
others,
Copper antiquities.]
smaller ", but the exact locality where the metal pieces were
finder
[Bengal.
141
discovered the
pp. ZSS-^S*.
1,
Captain
natives,
W.
it
was under the impression that one of them was the head had been mounted, in a primitive fashion
late Dr. T.
axe,
stick
and that
;
but the other being oval, he could not conjecture to what use
had
less
been put.
'*
The
Oldham
simply the bloom, derived from the small copper furnaces, which were
to
known
" bore
have been
in use
little
remained
it
",
One
would
circular or slightly oval thin plate of copper, just as the melted metal
if
it.
On
any
was not a
surface,
tra cof
hammering
or of the application
precisely
of
tool.
The
second,
its
similar
line,
the two
hammered out
bamboo
is, if
into
two shoulders
or
two
which
split
formed of
Samuell applied
it.
of
it
and
with such
a handle unquestionably the heavy mass of copper would form a rude, but
very effective, axe or club, though not a cutting
that those
tool, it is
doubly strange
who knew
so well
how
to
hammer
hammered out the edge so as to form a sharp cutting The edge now remains with all the roughness and thickness of the
it
old
bloom just as
pot.^'
These metal plates would appear to be half formed battle axes, but at the
lost sight
of,
resemble a copper-plate
district, figured
Balasore
i4]_.
355, PI.
[V ^\J
The fourth
others,
is
like the
^^^
Pa.-l.
flat
plate,
measuring
17*6
cms.
14*8
cms.
1*3 cms.
off
One
in
side
is
perfectly
flat,
convex
and rounded
partly
to the
hammered
others, each
in
which
was
cast.
It weighs 1,715
gms.
142
Copper antiquities.]
Pa.-3.
[Bengal.
The
plate described
by Captain Samuells
It resembles
fitted
by bim
into a handle.
Pa. 1 in
having a
flat,
and a
the
is
off in
same way.
thickest part
The shouldered portion has been hammered out and is the o the plate, being 2 cms across. The total length is 15 "2 cms.,
It
Another
and
more
unfinished
than the
slightly long-
concavity
in casting
having
It measures 15*5
being
much
gms.
the
hammermarks.
It
measures
13
x 10*5
A flat
celt or battle
marked shoulders continued down from the butt. The cutting edge is consiThe upper derably more than half a circle and has a diameter of 15" 7 cms.
end measures 10 cms. across and from it to the expansion of the edge, in a vertical
line,
is
7 cms.
The
is
18"8 cms.
It is
Mr. F. A. Perroux, who presented the Museum, stated that " it was found at the foot of the
of
Jhatibani ",
in
site
Midnapur
district.
"A
village called
Tama-juri
is
It
was discovered
lagers
'Y
^' ^ig
,<j
UNITED
J^liOVINCES.
The town
of
Bithur
is
spear-head or harpoon was found near this place, and was presented to the
Asiatic
Society
of
Bengal in
3.)
Researches, Vol.
XIV,
measures
31*5 cms.
in
length,
gms.
CoPPEH ANTIQUITIES.]
with a
[UNITED PROVINCES.
its
143
maximum
commencement, a
is
cylindrical
The blade
traversed longitudinally by a
strongly pronounced midrib increasing in thickness from the tip to the Each side of the blade, at its beginning, has a backwardly curved base.
process or barb.
The
two outwardly
about
projecting
rod-like
of
cms.
Each barb
is is
IB
mms.
in thickness.
also a small
on each
its
beginnings of
the
tang,
base
by a hole
or eye
having a dia-
meter of 6 mms.
,to its shaft.
for tying
the harpoon on
in diameter.
The tang
is
and
is
The
district
of Mainpuri
is
it
of Agra, the
Jumna
defining
district,
{Proc, Asiatic
&
262. Geology
of India, Pt.
1, p. 443.)
When
disturbed they were found lying " littered together in a heap, with-
out order, and not enclosed in any vessel or receptacle, and they were not at a
great depth below the
Mi.-l.
across
4(
surface.''^
maximum
breadth
about
the
teeth
cms.
of
is
cylindrical
for
cylindrical portion a ridge runs along both surfaces of the blade of the instru-
ment, the
sides
of
which are deeply serrated, like the edge of a saw, with measuring 3*4 cms., along its longest
at the distal end of the cylindrical portion has a
border.
The expansion
it,
hole through
the shaft,
the
shaft.
It weighs
with a slightly rounded cutting edge, the celt having a breadth at this end of 11 cms., and at the opposite end of 8*3 cms., the maximum thickness being 1 cm., one side is perfectly flat, but the
Mi." 2.
broad
flat
celt,
other
is
The implement
closely resembles
some of the
forms of
It
battle-axe.
Its weight
1,161 gms.
144
Copper antiquities.]
[United Provinces,
thin
celt,
Mi.-3.
measuring
12 cms. in length
its
and
end.
and
upper
mms.
in thickness.
It
it
improbable
off
Some
of them,
viz.,
way some
the
edges
with a slight longitudinal ridge externally. They are all open rings, and the largest has a maximum diameter of 5*4 cms., and the smallest of 4-5
cms. The late Dr. T.
so called
Oldham has pointed out that they resemble in form the '' of northern antiquaries. Tbey weigh 115 gms. money "ring
^M ^^Mklki FarrtMabad
District.
This place
Provinces.
It
is
United
is
cit.,
thirteen copper swords were found here, but the circumstances attending
Only four
of these
leaf-shaped.
They
differ
from the
leaf-
from the
and
in their apparently
length projecting
from each
I
The edges
two large gashes near the hilt. The shortest sword has the smallest much too small for an average man's hand. The midrib is well handle, I
are
which
it
rounded
off into
the
handle,
is
while
towards
at
an
obtuse angle.
The midrib
three, in
well pronounced.
The
in
being
much
it.
larger
and
on one
the tip
cms.,
6 cms. thick at the base of the blade, through the midrib 1*4
The handle
is
1 cm. in thickness,
and
hilt
One
nearly flat
Copper ANTiquiTiES.]
and tbo other slightly convex, and
having been hammered
there of the earth in
out.
itB
is
[United Provinces.
145
The blade
it
which
was buried.
Fh.-3.
the
last,
but
measuring
is
little
The handle
at the
middle
is
2*5 cms.
broad and
1'6 cm.s.
1'4j
maximum
It weighs
2380 gms.
Fh.-3.
maximum
cm.
The handle
:
is
cms. apart.
It weighs
1238 gms.
j
Fh.-i.
is
it
point
from the
HS cms. and
The blade above the handle is 7*5 cms. in breadth and The midrib of the blade is strongly pronounced, and
It
on one side
rh.-5.
it is
has
all
the
and
so
and
its
resemblance to them
is
in
this
respect
marked, that
it
discovered at Fatehgarh.
an upper portion,
semicircular in
nuous below, with long divergent sword-like processes, but above these a long
curved process
is
given
off
on each
apex.
is
base
of
6 cms.
one
and the other slightly convex from border to border. lower divergent process begins here laterally, and, measured from this The
side of the process
point,
it is
Each
is
It weighs
2157 gms.
It
is
impossible to
the National
this object as a
human
figure
It
reminded Coffey of
19
146
Copper antiquities]
'
[Central Provinces.
found in Gaulish graves in Italy. {Inch Ani.f
certain figures of
much
later date
p.
Vol.
XXXIV,
Oct. 1905,
238).
CENTRAL PROVINCES.
Chi,n f)eria ,
Balaghat District.
is
The
village of Grungeria,
Bituated in the
Mair
estate,
Mr. Bloomfield.
So^eT^aljWj^^.l^
to
"On
Slst January last (1870), two boys tending cattle saw sticking up from the.
them
They pulled
this,
it
up
came upon
After
coj)per,
weighing altogether
tolahs,
is
414^
weighing 80^
the
were
exhumed.
The
is
was made
;
a piece of
spot
where
;
made
were taken
is
it
was
cleared
and
left uncultivated as a
The
pieces
^**'^^***
in regular order one
side of the copper,
The copper
carefully,
above another.
all
The
was found
in a
lump by the
together, so that at
^*It
first it
some
religions
It
objects were
Asiatic
human ornaments, not bovine ". Soc, Bengal Vol. XLVIIL Pt, XL p. 136).
,
(J.
Cockburn, Journ.j
Ga.
1.
A copper
instrument, weighing
huge
ohisel in form.
Copper antiquities.]
a diameter of
slightly
'Z
[Central Provinces.
a breadth o 6 "6
147
cms., with
The
edge.
sides
are
with a
maximum
end
One
surface
of the instrument is
in its
decidedly convex,
sixth.
lower
The
very sudden.
still
The marks
nearly
of the
hammer
The
-cutcit.,
by which
this instrument
is
1
very apparent.
ting edge
PI. 11, figs.
blunt, having
of
4 mms.
(0^;.
&
a').
This instrument
may
have been
used as a
weapon, and
if so, it
was
Another, weighing 845 gms., and of the same form as the but not so thick cr concave. It measures 49'2 cms. long, 6 mms. thick,
cms.
and
is
2'3
cutting
edge, which
sharp.
Ga.-3.
Another
similar
instrument,
considerably
It measures 40
cms. long,
and
4G
maximum
thickness being
To
cms.
flattened as
1 b'}.
if it
had
{Ojj. cit.,
and
Another,
shorter
than the
It
2*8
is
any
ness
of
30'5 cms.
thick-
long.
is
The maximum
blunt.
Ga.-5.-A
broad at the
and 8 cms.
It
is
across the
convex
is
moderately sharp.
at the
1*8 cms.
it
in
is
thickness at
mms.
thick.
There
is
One broad
The
upper eud
is
flattened out
somewhat, as
for
hammering,
but this
is
not recent.
celt,
figs.
&
2 a').
It measures
Ga.-6. A
its
and
62
two
surfaces formed
by a
vertical ridge,
One
surface
and the
148
Copper antiquities.]
[Central Provinces.
is
other convex.
is
tt
a world-wide form.
This
celt
may
Goii, fig.
W.
Wilde, although
cutting edge
it.
They
Sir
W.
makers of these
implements " having onoe obtained a better material than stone, repeated
the form they were best acquainted
lessened the bulk
with
by flattening the
sides '^
Mns.
Uojj. Irish.
Acad., p. 363).
Ga.-7.
Another,
eutt'ng
in
of
but smaller,
7-7 cms.
of r2*5 cms.,
and a breadth of
above.
It
the
edge,
3*5
ems.
differs
from
the
last
while the
is
opposite surface
somewhat concave.
maximum
thickness
r4
cms.
The
only slightly
if it
X, Fig.
Ga.-8.
Another
flat celt,
better
foregoing,
flat
on one
from
and
moderately
17
breadth of 9"6
4" 5
it is
a com-
mon
type
found
in
many
countries.
shaped
celts
are a
further
illustration
the
economy practised
by
these early
edge being
broad
speci-
Evans
says
that
''
celts
resembling these
Gungeria
at Tel_Sifr, in
Southern Babylonia.
Some from
Museum.
of
copper,
have been
''
found in Austria,
Fig.
5.
H^X,
Ga.
length,
-9.
A much larger
is
celt of the
It
much expanded
whilst the
edge, which
jiQt
upper end
cutting
narrow,
edge has a
Copper antiquities.]
breadth
of 16-5 cms.
[Centeal Provinces.
i49
The
1'7
sides
are eoucave
it
maximum
upper
ing
is
thickness
is
cms,^ but
thins off
five celts
W.
Ireland.
i.)
{Op.
cit.,
page 361,
247.
and
It
Ga.-lO.
above.
Another
flat
celt of
for
analysis, so
of
the copper.
total
cms.; breadth
across the
j
cutting edge,
which
]
is
much
hacked, 15
breadth
maximum
thickness
"5
One
sur-
Ga.-ll. Another
1458 gms., and
signs of use, as
is
flat celt of
19 cms. in length
it is
now
slightly convex.
is
It has a trans-
The maximum
cms
,
thickness at the
is
I'l
slightly
thinned
nearly
flat
beveled off
at the
One
surface
is
convex.
Ga.-12.
Another
it
flat
celt,
cms. in thickness;
is
nearly as thin
is
upper end as
at the unsharpened
very
convex. It
measures
PI.
and
X, Fig.
flat
].
celt
The
The
5-2 cms.,
and
cms.; but the edge, as in others, does not appear even to have been sharpened.
One
surface
is
flatter
lateral
and
it
Ga.-14.
Another, 23 cms. long with broad upper end 8 cms., and con-
cave lateral borders, the cutting edge having a breadth of 15'7 cms., and
It
is
six
fore-
going implements, and has apparently been in use, as the edge bears signs
of wear.
Its
maximum
thickness
is 1
it
thins
off
towards both
ends.
It
Ga.-15.
Another
flat celt,
150
Copper antiquities.]
It
[Centeal Provinces.
is
cutting edge.
14'5
eras,
in
length.
It
measures 12'6 cms. across the cutting and 5 cms. across the upper border.
Eoth
sides are
more
or less convex^
and the
which
is
lateral borders
slightly concave
sharp.
Its
maximum
thickness
but
it
{Op.
cit.,
X,
Fig^. 8.
Ga.-l 6. Another type of instrument, long and thin with a rounded cutting edge, with a marked expansion forming a kind of shoulder at the com-
mencement
more than
It
it
is is
The upper edge is alfo a cutting surface, and is The margins have a crimped appearance, due
its
whole surface.
{Op.
cit., PI.
11, Fig.
Ic and
Ic').
last,
off.
its
upper
is
its
length
55'3 cms,, the greatest breadth across the sharp cutting edge being .97 cms.,
mms.
One
side
is flat
Hammer-marks
Ga.-18. Another
832 gms.
and 5 mms.
thick.
It is 8-6
cms.
is flat
and
One
surface
flat celt or
length.
9*7 cms.
and from
it
The
thickness
is
mms.
There
flat
and
a concave surface,
and the
upper end
having
Fig. 3c.)
Ga.-20.
Another
is
like
the
last,
16'5 cms. long, 15'3 cms. across the cutting border, and 9*7 ams. in breadth
above.
It
7
mms.
thick.
PI.
X, Fig.
7.
Ga.-2l. Another
at the upper end.
It
17 cms. long, 14*5 cms. across the catting border, aud 9*8 cms, in breadth
is
mms,
in thickness,
Copper antiquities.]
Ga.-2a.
[Central Pbovinces.
weigliing 1360 gms., and measuring
l.S*4
151
Another
cms. long,
15*7 cms. across the cutting edge^ 10 ems. in breadth above, and S
in thickness.
mm?,
Ga.-23.
but no horns being represented. The lower half of one of the processes
is
contracted and expanded three times, the tip forming a narrow termination
to the last dilatation.
The
plate
is
and
it
measures 12 cms.
1
in length, with a
maximum
A*5
cms.
Ga.-24.
Another and similar plate but with a notch above, this feature
Length 12
cms.,
plate, 10-5 cms. long
plate, 10-3 cms. plate, 10
breadth 15 cms.
Ga.-25. Another
Ga.-26.
and
13-7 broad.
X, Fig.
with
Another,
fine long-tapered
processes.
Length
7*7 cms.,
breadth 13 cms.
Ga.-29. Another,
like
the
last.
Length
Ga.-30.
Ga.-31.
Another,
7 cms.
slightly concave
and
cr imped at the
margin.
Ga.-32. Another
Ga.-33
similar disc
PI.
X,
Fig. 6.
Ga.-34. A
dots.
disc,
Length
and breadth
Manw^ne.
This village
lies
YUnnan, and
into the
is
bank
of the
Taping
river,
which
falls
Me.-l.
A socketed bronze
The edge
is
celt of
very oblique,
The lower
part also
152
COPPEU ANTIQUITIES,]
right angles to
it,
after
which
it
portion has a
its
maximum
portion
contracted
is
3*7
The
celt
to a
curved very
wooden handle.
Report
Its
forked process,
its
oblique edges and the notch at the lower end of the cutting edge. Anderson,
0)1
Tun naiij
p.
390
UNKNOWN
Lu.-l.
LOCALITY.
A short
is
Fh.
]-4!
maximum
The handle
apart
and 6 mms.
in thickness.
The divergent
;
points
are
being grasped
It weighs
374 gms.
153
EARLY IRON
AGE.
the
Museum.
As regards Southern India, certain specimens human bones, found in association with rusted
herC;,
of pottery
iron
and fragmentary
in tumuli of
implements
are
They
not
catalogued
am
Western India
in Baluch istan.
also represented
by various
objects
Catalogue
a'lnl
Museum,
Bihar
They
are
all
very rusted.
(No.
^^^
[Foreign countries.
APPENDIX
I.
List of tub prehistoric remains from foreign countries preserved in THE Indian Museum.
Europe.
Unffland.^ValseoYiths from Norfolk. Nos., 702, 952.955.
^;-ac^. Chipped
flints. St.
Aeheul. Nos.
956-957.
Flint cores
and
flakes.
and
flakes.
Gorge d'Enfer.
Flint cores
and
flakes.
La Madelaine.
91<4!-950.
1779-17S3.
One
Obsidian Core.
No. 957.
Africa.
^^;'^^. Chert
flakes.
Flint implements.
Somaliland.
and presented by
Stone adze.
No., 1039.
No. 1038.
Caroline Islands.
Shell adze.
Solomon Islands.
Asia.
Japan.
1776-1777.
arrowheads. Nos.
China,
7M;ma. Jadeite
and 963-991. See ana
J.
ai:d
Nos. 938-943
p.
Anderson
:
Western Yannan,
410-415,
Coggiu Brown
''Stone
District,
Sac.,
Yunnan
Province.
Bengal, Yol. V,
New
No.
8,
Paleoliths.]
[Somaliland.
155
APPENDIX
II.
SOMALILAND.
These specimens are described in detail to show the great likeness they
bear to South Indiau types.
are
were presented by
5G23. Boucher
?
;
Sir.
stnall,
weathered
flint.
greyish-white
flint.
5632. Boucher, small, pointed; mottled-grey 5633. Boucher, broad pointed oval, rude
;
mottled reddish-giey
flint.
flint.
quartzite.
quartzite. quarLzite.
5637. Paleeolith, ovoid, thick sharp edge 5638. Boucher, medium, rude
;
all
round; mottled
flint
reddish-grey
flint.
flint.
all
round; grey
;
flint.
round
dark quartzite.
3rCA-10cO~l7-5-l7-GCIP
Siirla
PLATE
I.
PUTE
I,
Fig.
1. 2.
Boucher, Cnddapah
districtj
Madras.
district,
Pala3olith, Rayaehoti,
Cuddapah
Madras.
8. Paloeolith, Balapilly,
4. Bouclicr,
5.
Knrnool
district,
diotrict,
district,
Madras.
Cuddapah
Madras.
Madras.
dii^trict,
6.
7. 8.
Madras.
Madras.
district,
district,
Madras.
9.
10.
Boucher, Cuddapah
district,
Madras,
The same,
side view.
district,
Madras.
12a.
The same,
side view.
3DGA
Plate
II.
Tier.
1.
PalsGolith^
xVttrampakkam, Cliinglcput
face view.
district,
Madias.
la.
2.
The same,
3. 4.
Boucher,
Boucher,
.,
4a.
5.
The
Palaeolith,
}J
Atirampakkam, Chingleput
))
district,
Madras,
})
%)
7.
Boucher
Boucher
side view.
8.
8a.
9.
The same,
district,
Madras.
9a,
The same,
side view.
^
y
Plate
III.
Fipr.
1,
Paliieolith,
Seei'oor,
Bijapur
district;
try.
l.
district, district.
Midras.
f/vL^O
3.
4. Flake-kuifc; Attrainp-ikkani;
5.
Chingleput
district,
Madras,
6. Scraper o r knifuj
7.
Paluiolitb,
Tolanmatti, Country.
Southern
Mahratta
8. 9.
L^L^
Bclgaum
district.
10a.
11.
The same,
side view.
IZ. Boucher
l;2a.
side view.
The same,
13, Pala3olith,
14. Palasolith;
\^i
natural
size.)
Plate IA^
Fi
2. 3.
Palroolith, Paloncha^
Godavari Vallo}'.
Valley,
j
'<
VV
4.
5. Pal?eolith,
G.
Bundelkhand.
Nerbndda Valley.
6a.
7.
The same,
side view.
district,
Central Provinces.
8. Palreolith, Central
9.
Provinces.
10. Boucher,
Bundelkhand.
Palaeolithic Implements from Rajputana, Bihar and Orissa. Neolithic Implements from Northern and Southern India.
{about i natural sise.)
Plate V.
Fig.
1.
'Z.
Celt, Tirapetur,
Salem
district;
Madras.
field.
3.
4.
5. 6.
7. 8.
Shevaroy
Hills,
Madras.
district,
Celt, Vellore,
North Arcot
Madras.
North Aroot
district,
Madras.
9.
Madras. Madras,
Madras.
10.
Celt, Vellore,
district,
district,
Shevaroy Shevaroy
Madras.
Hills,
Madras.
Hill, Bellary.
14.
Pounding
stone,
North
^1^
V^'^'^
15. Celt,
Banda
district,
United Provinces.
^W^
^'^^
Gadiganur, Bellary.
Peacock Hill, Bellary.
Manickpore.
3DGA
i nahiral xi:i^
Vuif, VIi
Fig.
1,
Celt, Kalinjar,
Banda
district,
United Provinces.
3.
3.
Mataond, Banda
district,
United Provinces.
4. Celt,
5.
Banda
district,
United Provinces.
6. Celt,
7. 8.
United Provinces.
Ramgarb, Banda
district.
United Provinces.
9.
Banda
district,
Peacock
Hill, Bellary.
14. Celt,
15.
North
Hill, Bellarv,
district,
Hammerstone, Banda
United Provinces.
natural she.)
Plate VII.
Fig.
1. 2.
Celt,
Celt,
Manbhum,
Banda
Banda
Bihar.
district,
3. Celt,
4. 5.
district,
Celt,
Hazaribagh
district,
Banda
United Provinces.
6.
7.
Jubbulpore
district.
distiiefc.
Central Provinces.
8.
Celt,
Banda Banda
United Provinces.
9. .Celt,
district,
United Provinees.
district,
Attock
Punjab.
district,
11. 12.
United Provinces.
district,
United Provinces.
Hammerstone, Mirzapur
district,
United Provinces,
M S %
i*\
8
g
10
II
12
13
14
*
15 16
17
J
20
2i
(
22
(
23
4
24
m.
18
19
25
^f
>
26
{
27
I
28
29
31
1
32
S
33
I
34
I
35
I
36
I
37
i
38
30
\
39
^w
40
41
a
43
t
44
]
45
g
46
4
47
42
48
49
mil
50
5P
i
55
52
53
54
56
57
Indian Neolithic
{one-half natural
Plate VIII,
Fig.
1. Cere,
Jublulpore
district.
2.
S.
4. Core,
5. 6.
Ci-re,
Core,
Core,
Core,
7.
S.
Provinces.
)
y# Core,
i)
13.
14.
Leaf
flake,
Eanchi, Bihar.
15.1
16
17
18.
19.
I
20.
21. ^
2-2.
Pygmy
flakes,
Partabganj.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28,
"J
Che it
flakes,
Kanchi, Bihar.
29. j
30.1
31. ^
Pygmy
flakes,
Julbulfore
district,
Central Provinces.
32.J
Pig.
33."
34.
35 f'Vygmy
36.
I
flakesj
Jubbulpore
district;
Central Provinces.
37.J
38. Core, Jubbulpore district.
39. Core;,
.,
42.^
43.
44.
r-
flakes,
Jubbulpore
46.
47.,
48. Chert flake, Jubbulpore district.
49. Chert
flake,
Partabgauj.
>'
^^^
Agate
flake,
,}
Agate
flake,
55. Flake,
56. Agate flake,
57.
Agate
flake,
Indian and
natural
size.)
Plate IX.
Fig.
l.-Celt,
2. Celt,
3.
Burma.
celtj
Spade
Spade
Spade
Burma.
4.
5.
celt;
celt,
6.
7.
8.
9. Celt, Jaspur,
10. Ringstone,
11. Core,
Burma,
Spade
celt,
Burma.
15. Core,
17.
Spade
celt,
Burma.
Celt, ShilloDg,
Assam.
20. Celt,
21. Celt,
Burma.
Assam,
sandstone, Tezpur, Assam.
?X Smoothed
X^
natural size.)
Plate X.
J.
If,.
Copper
celfc,
2.
3.
Copper
Copper
Silver
celt, celt,
Midnapore
district,
Bengal.
4.
5.
ornament?
celt,
Copp3r
6.
7.
Copper
celt,
8.
Copper
celt,
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