2004
2004
(10 x 4 = 40 marks)
(b) From the following frequency distribution, calculate median and mode. Of these two,
which one do you think better? Why?
Frequency Distribution Table
Class
10-19.5
20-29.5
30-39.5
40-49.5
50-59.5
60-69.5
70-79.5
80-89.5
90-99.5
100 or over
Frequency (f)
8
15
23
37
46
52
84
97
16
5
N = 383
x =120, x
=600,
y = 90, y
= 250,
xy = 335.
It was, however, later discovered at the time of checking that it had copied down two
pairs of observations as:
X
Y
8
10
12
7
While the correct values were
X
Y
8
12
10
8
Obtain the correct value of the correction coefficient between x and y.
8. (a) Explain the concept of regression and point-out its usefulness in dealing with
business problems.
(b) Obtain the regression equations from the data given below:
X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Y 9 8 10 12 11 13 14 16 15
Plot the regression equations on a graph paper and determine X and Y . Also
calculate the value of correction coefficient.
9.(a) What is an index number? Describe briefly its applications in business and
(b) Construct Fisher's Ideal Index from the following data and show that it satisfies time
reversal and factor reversal tests:
2000
2001
Commodity Price Value Price Value
A
10
100
12
144
B
15
75
20
120
C
8
80
10
110
D
20
65
25
50
E
50
500
60
540
10. (a) What is time series analysis? State the role of time series analysis.
(b) Given below are the figures of production (in million tones) of a cement factory:
Year
1998
1999 2000 2001 2002
Production
77
88
94
85
91
(i)Fit a straight-line trend by the least squares method.
2003
98
2004
90
(5 * 4 = 20 marks)
2.(a) Define weighted arithmetic mean. Discuss the importance of weighted arithmetic mean
in statistics.
(b) What are the differences between histogram and frequency polygon?
3.The earning of 39 firms for the year 2004-2005 are given below (in lakh taka):
30 42 30 54 40 48 15 17 51 42 35 41
27 42 36 28 26 37 54 44 31 36 40 36
30 31 19 48 16 42 32 21 22 40 33 41
Classify the above data taking a suitable class-interval.
30
22
21
(10 * 4 = 40 marks)
(b) Given below is the frequency distribution of the marks obtained by 90 students.
Compute the arithmetic mean, median and mode:
Marks No. of Students Marks
No. of Students
20-29
02
60-69
18
30-39
12
70-79
10
40-49
15
80 -89
09
50-59
20
90-99
04
8.(a) Briefly explain the concept of skewness and kurtosis of a frequency distribution.
(b) You are given the following data pertaining to kilowatt hours of electricity consumed
by 100 persons in Dhaka:
Consumption (In k-watt hours)
No. of users
6
25
36
20
13
Calculate: (i) Arithmetic mean; (ii) Standard deviation; (iii) Coefficient of skewness.
9. (a) Discuss the importance of regression analysis in business,
(b) Calculate coefficient of correlation from the following data:
X
330
360
320
420
400
Y
1400
1450
1200
1300
1350
10. (a) Explain clearly the different components into which a time series may analyzed.
(b) Given below are the figures of production (in million tones) of a cement factor.
Year
1998 1999
2000
2001 2002 2003 2004
Production
77
88
94
85
91
98 90
(i)
Fit a straight-line trend by the least squares method,
(ii)
Full marks - 70
[N.B. - The figure in the right margin indicate full marks. Answer all the questions ? part A,
any four from Part B and any four from Part C.]
Part B - Short Questions
(5 x 4 = 20 Marks)
(b)Find the first two central moments from the following data and hence find co-efficient
variation: 10, 5, 0, - 4, - 1, 6.
6.(a)What are the different measures of dispersion? Why standard deviation is bred to be
the best measure of dispersion?
(b)Distinguish between positive and negative correlation with example.
7.Write short notes on any two of the following:
(i)Trend;
(ii)Moving Average;
(iii)Geometric Mean.
Part C - Broad Questions
(10 x 4 = 40 marks)
8. (a)State the various ways of presenting a frequency distribution graphically and - one of
them.
(b)You are given the following frequency distribution regarding annual profits in thousands
taka of 115 firms:
Profit (000 Tk)
No. of firms
25 - 30
5
30-35
16
35-40
26
40 - 45
30
45-50
20
50-55
12
55-60
6
Construct less than and more than ogive curve and hence find the number of firms having
profit between Tk. 32500 and Tk. 52500.
9.(a) Why the concept time series is crucial?
(b)Calculate the trend values by the method of least square and estimate the profit of 2002:
Year
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Profit (lakh Tk.)
60
72
75
65
80
85
95
10.(a) Define measure of dispersion and state its merits Standard deviation, Mean deviation.
(b) An analysis of monthly wages paid to workers in two firms A and B, belonging
to same industry, gives the following results:
Firm A Firm B
No. of wage earners
500
650
Average monthly wages (in Tk) 3000
3500
S.D. of wages
10
12
(i)
In which firm A or B has there greater variability in individual wages?
(ii) Find average monthly wages and variance of the wages of all the workers :
the two firms taken together.
11. Calculate the regression equation of X on Y and plot the regression equation on a
graph paper:
Husbands
26
28
30
31
35
age(X)
Wifes
20
27
28
30
25
age(Y)
12. (a) What is time series analysis? Discuss any one component of time series and write
down the uses of time series in business.
(b) Below are given the figures of production (in thousand quintals) of a sugar factory:
Year
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
Production 80
91
85
110
98
120
116
Fit a straight line trend to these figures by the method of least squares. Show the
b) Compute the geometric mean of the following values: 8, 12, 14, 26, 5.
3. (a) Describe the characteristics of frequency distribution,
(b) Why is statistics required in Business?
4.From the following data find out the missing frequency when mean is 22
Central
10
15
20
25
30
value
Frequency
10
15
5. The mean salary paid to 200 employees in a Garment factory was found to be Tk 2500.
Latter on, it was discovered that the salaries of two employees were wrongly taken as
3000 and 3500 instead of 3500 and 3200. Compute the correct mean salary.
6.(a) From the following data, calculate the mean, median and mode:
23 25 26 27 30 31
32 33 34 34 36
(b) Calculate coefficient of skewness of the above data (Given that standard deviation
4.12). Based on the above result, what is your conclusion about the skewness?
7.What is index number? Mention the name of different index numbers used in statistics,
ihich index do you think better and why?
Part C-Broad Questions
(10 x 4 = 40 marks)
8.A sample of daily production was organized into the following distribution:
Daily Production Frequency
80-90
5
90-100
9
100-110
20
110- 120
8
120-130
6
130- 140
2
(i)Calculate the mean and median of the above distribution.
(ii)Calculate the standard deviation and variance.
(iii)Interpret the result.
9. Premier Financial Services believes that there is a relationship between the number of
client contracts and the Taka amount of sales. Company gathered following information.
X column indicates the number of client contracts last month, and the Y column shows
the value of sales last month for each client sampled:
Number of Contracts Sales (Tk. thousand)
(X)
(Y)
14
24
12
14
20
28
16
30
46
80
23
30
(a)Determine the regression equation of X on Y. Interpret the results.
(b)Plot the regression equation on a graph paper.
10. Mr. X conducted a survey regarding the commodities consumed by the families a
village in 2001 and 2002. Here are the results:
Commodities
2001
2002
Price
4
Quantity
9
Price Quantity
6
9
B
6
12
8
8
C
5
15
6
11
D
4
10
5
10
E
3
14
2
7
(i)Find the Lapsers and Pasche price index for 2002 based on 2001.
(ii)Calculate Fisher's index number.
(iii) Interpret your results.
11. (a) What is meant by time series? Indicate its importance in business and economics
(b) What is business cycle? Explain the different component of a business cycle
example.
(c) Explain different components of a time series with example and briefly describe any
one method of smoothing the time series data.
12. (a) What is the difference between correlation analysis and regression analysis?
Explain with example.
(b) A sample of 10 families revealed the following figures for family size an amount
spent on food per week. Compute the coefficient of correlation between family size and
amount spent on food. Interpret your result:
Family size Amount spend on food ($) Family size Amount spend on food($)
3
99
3
111
6
101
4
74
5
151
4
91
6
129
5
119
6
142
3
91
13. (a) Discuss the seasonal variation in time series analysis with example
(b) Given the following data:
Year Employees (in thousand)
2000
45.6
2001
42.2
2002
2003
2004
2005
(i)Determine the least square trend equation.
41.1
39.3
34.0
30.0
(5 * 5 = 25 marks)
Commodity
Price relatives
Wheat
237
Sugar
124
Rice
198
Salt
107
Pulses
156
Oils
196
4. For a group of 50 male workers, the mean and standard deviation of their wages are
Tk. 63 and Tk. 9 respectively. For a group of 40 female workers, these are Tk. 54 and Tk.
6 respectively. Find the mean and standard deviation of daily wages for the combined
group of 90 workers.
5. What is scatter diagram? How does it help in studying the correlation between two
variables?
6. (a) Distinguish between primary data and secondary data.
18 30
16 29
(15x3 = 45 marks)
62 35 49 63
65
55 45
53 49 30 56 65
58 57 55
18
39 48 67
18
69 25 29 58 65
16 23
37
19 30 31
(i)
(ii)
Draw ogive curve (less and more) and hence find 25th percentile and 3rd
quartile.
9. (a) Find mean, median and mode from the following data:
Class
200-
300-
400-
500-
600-
700-
800-899
Frequenc
299
39
399
50
499
86
599
65
699
86
799
46
27
y
(b) Find coefficient of variation from the following data:
Class
2.00-2.24 2.25-2.49 2.50-2.74 2.75-2.99 3.00-3.24
Frequency 51
65
80
71
55
10. (a) A psychologist wanted to compare two methods A and B of teaching. He s-. a
random sample of 22 students. He grouped them into 11 pairs so that the students in a
pair have approximately equal scores on an intelligence test. In each pair one student was
taught by method A and the other by method B and examined after the course. The
marks obtained by them are tabulated below:
Pair
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
A
24
29
19
14 30
19
27 30
20
28
11
B 37
35
16 26
23
27
19
20
16
11
21
Find the rank correlation coefficient between the two sets of scores.
(b) Find the regression equation showing information about advertising expenditure and
sales
10-20
12
20-30
30
30-40
40-50
65
50-60
60-70
25
70-80
18
Total
229
?
?
You are told that the median value is 46. Fill up the missing frequencies.
4. The mean and standard deviation of 20 items are found to be 10 and 2 respectively. At
the time of checking it was found that one item 8 was incorrect. Calculate the mean and
standard deviation if (i) the wrong item is omitted, (ii) it is replaced by 12.
5. Define statistics and statistical method. Explain the uses of statistical methods in
business and management.
6. Explain clearly how the measures of skewness and kurtosis can be used in describing
a frequency distribution.
7. Briefly state the significance of correlation.
Part B - Broad Questions
(15 x 3 = 45 marks)
8. From the following table showing the wage distribution in a certain factory, determine:
(i) the mean wage; (ii) the median wage; (iii) the modal wage; (iv) the middle 50% of
the wage earners.
Weekly wages (Tk) No. of employees
1200-1400
8
1400-1600
12
1600-1800
20
1800-2000
30
2000 - 2200
40
2200 - 2400
32
2400 - 2600
18
2600 - 2800
7
2800 - 3000
6
3000 - 3200
4
9. For two firms A and B, belonging to the same industry, gives the following
results
Firm A Firm B
No. of employees
100
200
Average wage monthly Tk. 2400 Tk. 1800
S.D.
Tk60
Tk80
(i)
Which firm pays out larger amount as wages?
(ii)
(iii) Find average monthly wages and standard deviation of all the employees in both the
firms.
10.(a) Why is time series considered to be an effective tool of forecasting?
(b) The following are annual profits (in thousands of taka) in a business firm:
Year
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Profits (in '000 Tk) 60
72
75
65
80
85
95
Use the method of least squares to fit a straight line to the above data;
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
103 98 85 92 90 84 88 90 93 95
500 610 700 630 670 800 800 750 700 680
(b) The following data given the hardness(X) and the tensile strength (Y) of 7 samples of
metal in certain units. Find the liner regression equation of Y on X:
(ii)
Index Weights
300
5
250
1
280
1
200
2
150
1
Time - 3 hours
[N.B. - The figure in the right margin indicate full marks. Answer any five from Part A
and any three from Part B]
Part A - Short Questions
(5 x 5 = 25 marks)
1. Define Statistics. State its limitations in decision making of a business concern.
2. Distinguish between data collection and, data presentation. Why is data presentation
necessary?
3. What is correlation? Discuss the difference between correlation and regression.
4. What points should be considered in designing a good questionnaire?
5. What do you mean by central tendency? Construct the relationship among Arithmetic
mean, Geometric mean and Harmonic mean.
6. Explain clearly how the measures of skewness and kurtosis can be used in describing a
frequency distribution.
7.The coefficient of rank correlation between debenture prices and share prices is found
0.143 and the sum of squares of the difference is 48. Find out the value of N (Number of
pairs.).
Part B - Broad Questions
(15 x 3 = 45 marks)
Unit A
No. of wages earners 500
Standard deviation
Tk9
Average weekly wage Tk65
(i) Which unit pays out larger amount as wages?
Unit B
670
Tk.10
Tk72
10. (a) What are the components of time series? How time series analysis helps
management to take decision?
(b) You are given below the figures of annual production (in thousand tones) of aj sugar
mill:
2004 2005
2006 2007
2008
75
90
91
95
98
(i) Use the method of least squares to fit a straight line to the above data;
Year
Production
2003
70
2009
100
X 55 61 60 64 48 62 66 63
Y 12 15 14 18 13 16 20 21
12. (a) Describe the uses of index number in business.
(b) An inquiry into the budgets of middle class families in a village near Rajshahi gave the
following information:
(iii) the weighted arithmetic mean;
(iv) the weighted geometric mean;
Cost
2009
2010
Food
35%
150
174
Rent
20%
50
60
Cloth
15%
100
125
Fuel
20%
60
90
Others
10%
20
25
Construct cost of living index and comment on the change in the cost of living in 2014
compared to 2009.
34 36 48 49 31 60 34 43
45 38 32 27 60 29 47 36
50 46 30 46 32 30 33 45
49 48 41 53 36 37 37 47
30 46 50 28 35 35 38 36
(a) Construct a continuous frequency distribution with suitable size of class interval.
(b) Calculate: (i) mean age; (ii) median age; (iii) modal age.
(c) Draw a frequency polygon.
9. (a) How does analysis of time series helps in making business forecast? Describe the
seasonal variations and cyclical variations in a time series.
(b) The following are annual profits (in thousands Taka) in a business firm:
Year
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Profits (in '000 Tk)
60
72
75
65
80
85
(i) Use the method of least squares to fit a straight line to the above data
2011
95
Factory A Factory B
No. of wages earners
100
80
Average wage monthly Tk. 4600 Tk. 4900
S.D.
Tk. 500
Tk400
(i)Which factory A or B pays larger amount as monthly wages?
(ii)Which factory shows greater variability in the distribution of wages?
(iii)What is the mean and standard deviation of all the workers in two factories?
taken together?
11. (a) The following data relate to the prices and supplies of a commodity during a
period of eight years:
Price (Tk./kg)
10 12 18 16 15 19 18 17
Supply (100 kg)
30 35 45 44 42 48 47 46
Calculate the coefficient of correlation between the two series,
(b) The following data given the hardness (X) and the tensile strength (Y) of 7 samples
of metal in certain units. Find the linear regression equation of Y and X:
X 146 152 158 164 170 176 182
Y 75 78 77 89 82 85 86
12. (a) What is Fisher's Ideal Index? Why is it called ideal? Show that it satisfies both the
time reversal test as the factor reversal test.
(b) Construct Fisher's Ideal Index from the following data and show that it satisfies time
reversal and factor reversal tests:
Commodities Price
A
10
B
15
C
8
D
20
E
50
2010
2011
Quantity Price Quantity
10
12
12
5
20
6
10
10
11
3
25
2
10
60
9