The paper reports the occurrence of 74 macrolichen taxa belonging to 22 genera from the environs of Gangotrl and Gomukh. Anaptychia pseudoroemeri Awasthi & S. Singh and Physcia gomukhensis Awasthi & S. Singh are new to ,science, Phaeophyscia hispidula (Ach.) Awasthi & S. Singh is a new combination, and 14 species marginally marked with an asterisk (*) are new reports from India.
The paper reports the occurrence of 74 macrolichen taxa belonging to 22 genera from the environs of Gangotrl and Gomukh. Anaptychia pseudoroemeri Awasthi & S. Singh and Physcia gomukhensis Awasthi & S. Singh are new to ,science, Phaeophyscia hispidula (Ach.) Awasthi & S. Singh is a new combination, and 14 species marginally marked with an asterisk (*) are new reports from India.
Original Title
The Lichen Flora in the Environs of Gangotri and Gomukh India
The paper reports the occurrence of 74 macrolichen taxa belonging to 22 genera from the environs of Gangotrl and Gomukh. Anaptychia pseudoroemeri Awasthi & S. Singh and Physcia gomukhensis Awasthi & S. Singh are new to ,science, Phaeophyscia hispidula (Ach.) Awasthi & S. Singh is a new combination, and 14 species marginally marked with an asterisk (*) are new reports from India.
The paper reports the occurrence of 74 macrolichen taxa belonging to 22 genera from the environs of Gangotrl and Gomukh. Anaptychia pseudoroemeri Awasthi & S. Singh and Physcia gomukhensis Awasthi & S. Singh are new to ,science, Phaeophyscia hispidula (Ach.) Awasthi & S. Singh is a new combination, and 14 species marginally marked with an asterisk (*) are new reports from India.
I-THE MACROLICHENS By DHARANI DHAR A WASTHI & SHRI RAM SINGH Lichenology Laboratory Deprtment of Botany, Lucknow University. Lucknow . . Abstract '".te paper reports the occurrence of 74 macrolichen taxa belonging to from the environs ori Gangotfl and Gomukh Anaprychia pseudoroem rj Awasthi & S. Singh and Physcia gomukhensis Awasthi &1 S. Singh arc new to ,science, Phaeophyscia hispidllJa (Ach.) Awasthi & S. Singh is a new combination, and! 14 species marginally marked with an asterisk (*) are new reports from India. Introduction An e.Xhaustive collection of lichens from the environs of Gangotri and Gomukh, situated in the trans-Himalayan region in Uttarkashi district of Uttar Pradesh, was made by us in June/July 1976. Gornukh (alt. ca. 3800 m) is the place from where the mighty river Ganga (Bhagirathi) takes its origin from the mouth of the Gangotri glacier. Gangotri town (alt. ca. 3150 m) is situated downstream at about 18 km from Garnukh a:1d has a temple by the bank of the BhagirathL About 12 km further down, 3 km beyond Bhairon G!1ati, is the place called Lanka (alt. ca. 2700 m) which was then the terminus of the motorable road. B!tween Lanka and Bhairon Ghati the Bhagirathi and its tributory Nilong river have their confluence in a deep gorge. Lichen collection were made along the way from Lanka to Gomukh via Gangotri, and rather exhaustively from . the different moraines near Gomukh. At Lanka and Bhairon Ghati is predominance of Cedrus deodara whose trunks and branches are den- sely inhabited by foliose and fruticose lichens mostly belonging to the genera EI'ernia, Helero- 'dermia, P..Jrmelia, Physcia, Rama/ina and : Usnea. From Bhairon Ghati to Pinus excelsa, Pinus sylvestris and species o. Picea become more common but there apparently no appreciable change in the licheu taxa growing on them. About half way to Gomukh from Gangotri is the place called Chirbasa (alt. ca. 3300 m), which literally means Pinus (Chir) grows (basa), and it (Pinw) does not grow beyond. Along with the grow Rhododendron, Aesculus, Acer, Spiraea, Berberis etc. Beyond Chirbasa and upto Bhojbasa (alt. ca. 3600 m), which is 3 before Gomukh, it is Betula that predominated in association with Berberis, Rosa, Spiraea and shrubby Rhododendron. Like Chirbasa, Bhojbasa also literally means Betu/a (Bhoj) grows (basa), and Betula does not grow beyon4 that place. The chief c?rticolous lichen taxa growing on the bark of these plants en route, are the species of Heterodermia, Parine/jo, Physcia, Rama/ina, UJnea, Xantho;ia etc. Between Bhojbasa and Gomukh the area is shrubby to scrubby with grasses, Cotoneaster" Cupressus, Juniperus, Ephedra growing gst the boulders. The corticoJous forms arc: rather rare though the few interesting forms belonging to Hypogymnla, Cetraria and 138 Indian Journal of Forestry 1: 138-146, 1978 FLORA OF GANGOTRI AND GOMUKH forms gcow on the old stems of Juniperus and Ephedra. Majority are saxicolous or terricolous. The er the the more densely inhabited .lichens are. The older moraines have 'ose and fruticose forms belonging to A lee- I . a Cetraria, Cladonia, Cornicularis, Parmelia and yellow), Peitigera, Physcia, Rama. I, StereOCQlI[on, Thamnolia, Umbilicaria and nthoria. while the crustose forms are mostly 'Lecanorace:;te, Lecideaceae, Caloplacaceae i The younger moraines are lerally inhabited by crustose forms only. )ser to the snout of the glacier few crustose 3. IDS were present in their initial stages of relopment on the boulders but none grow
'The lichens collected from this region, were lnd to exhibit a close relationship to the in the temperate-alpine indinavia (Dahl & Krog, 1973), and several species are common between the
o areas. l following account pertains to the so .. determined 74 macrolichen taxa belonging b2 genera arranged alphabetically inclusive Ispecies. The species marked with an aste- are new reports from India and are with diagnotic details. The speci- rns belong to Herb. Awasthi. (AWAS). '1 Alectoria Ach. (Usneaceae) Alectoria smithii DR. Corticolous or terricolous in shade. Be- tween Chirbasa and Gomukh area. Alectoria tenuis Dahl Thallus small, dark brown, loosely bran- ched, branch:!s thin, apical branches attenuate and capillaceous, fibrils present and diverge from the main axis or branch at almost rig!1t angles; young branches and fibrils olivaceous green. isidia and soredia absent. Thallus and medulla .K -, C-, KC-, P-. This species is closely related to A. bieolor (Ehrh.) Nyl. from which it is distinguished by loosely branched thallus, attenuate and capiIJaceous apical branches and negative P reaction in the medulla. On rocky soil, 5th and 6th moraines in Gomukh area. This species is so far known from Green- land and Scandinavia. pAnaptychia Korb. (Physciaceae) Anaptychia pseudoroemeri Awasthi and S. Singh, sp; nov. (Figs. 1 & 2). Subsimilis Anapt)'chic r() meri PoeIt, differt a thallus apice non denticulatus, subtus pauce rhizinatus, corticatus, cortice inferne crassus et hyphae paral- lelae. Thallus terrico!ous, several cm wide, foliose, growing in the form of reddish brown to dark brown dense tufts, den- sely and intlicately lobed, lobes ascend- ing, 0.4-0.75 (1.0) mm wide, tips darker and often swollen; upper surface smooth; pruina, soredia and isidia absent; under surface pale brown with sparse, simple rhizinae, but marginal rhizinae simple to squarrosely branched. Upper cortex 20-76 /Lm thick composed of longitudinally and paralleJly arranged confluent hyphae; algal zone 38-76 /Lm thick, interrupted by cortical septa; alga green, cells spherical, 6-15 /Lm in diam; medulla very thi n to insignificant; lower cortex hyaline, 57-105 /Lm thick, formed of longitudi- nally parallelly dispersed conglutinated hypbae. Apothecia absent. Thallus and m..!dul1a K-, C-, KC-, P-; no chemical substance demonstrated by TLC. 139 Indian Journal of Forestry 1: 138-146, 1978 *4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. INDIAN JOURNAL OF FORESTRY This species resembles A. roemeri Poelt in most of the characters but differs from that in the non denticulate of lacinae, thin to almost ins:gnificant medulla and the presence of a thick lower cortex. (A. roemeri is reported to have ca. 50 ILm thick medulla with- out lower cortex (Poelt, t 968). Loc: Uttar Pradesh, Uttarkashi district, Gomukh area, right bank, 5th moraine, al1. ca. 378() m, on grouud, July 4, 1976. D.D. Awasthi and S.R. Singh 8501 (Holotype: A WAS). 'f> Cetraria Ach. (Parmeliaceae) Cetraria chlorophylla (Willd.) Vain. Thallus corticolous, foliose, reddish brown, loosely attached to the sub- stratum, dichotomously to irregularly branched; lobes flat, 2-3 mm wide; surface smooth; margin irregular to undulate and densely sorediate; soredia farinose and yellowish. A pothecia very rare on the ends of the branches, not mature. Medulla white, K-, C-, KC- P-, 1-. Gomukh area, 6th moraine. This species is so far known from Europe, America and Japan. Cetraria cllcculata (Bel1.) Ach. In Gomukh ar.::a on sandy soil, growing with C. nh'ulis. Cetraria everniella (Ny!.) Kremp. Common on rocky soil of the moraines in Gcmukh. Cetraria hepatizon (Ach.) Vain. On rocks in open areas in Gangotri and Gomukh. Cetraria isJandica (L.) Ach. Frequent on ground in ledges of older moraines in Gomukh area. Cetraria nivalis (L.) Ach. Frequent on sandy s0il in Gomukh area. Cetraria pinas!ri (Scop.) RohI. A common corticolous lichen from Gan- gotri to Gomukh. 'fJ Cetrelia Culb. et Culb. (Parmeliaceae) 1 I. Cetrelia olive/orum (Ny!.) Culb. Culb. On bark between Bhairon 0&1 and Gangotri. l,./Cladonia (Hill). Vain. (Cladoniaceae) 12. Cladonia pyxidata (L.) Fr. On soili shady place 2km beyond Chirbasa. "1 NB : Several other of donia are under study. Cornicularia Ach. (Parmeliaccae) 13. 'fCornicu!aria 'aculeata (Schreb.) Ach. 01 sandy soil below big boulders iQ Gomukh area. * 14.y Cornicularia.muricata (A.ch.) Ach. . Thallus terncolous, frutlcose pale to dish brown, dark brown in the bas& . ,'" densely branched, branches fiat; tened to terete, froncs narrow, uptc 1 mm wide, solid, occasionally marginal cilia; surface smooth, pseudo- cyphellae; pseudocyphellae plane, oval to elliptic in shape. Sterile. Medulla white l K-, C-, KC-, po, 1-. On ground in Gomukh area, 5th and 6th morames. This species is so far known from temperate and alpine regions of Europe. *15. 'vCornic.ularia odontella (Ach.) Rohl. Thallus terricoious, fruticose, loosely attached to the dark brown in the basal older parts, pale to reddish' brown above, densely branched; fronds . distinctly flattened, solid, upto 1.5 mm wide with blunt apices, marginal cilia' long; surface smooth, pseudocyphellate; pseudocyphel!ae plane, white, elliptic, and oval in shape. Sterile. Medulla white, K-, Co, KC., P-, 1-. Gomukh area on soil, 5th and 6th moraines. This species is so far known from Scandinavia and Russia. Evernia Ach. (Usneaceae) 16. \tEvernia mesomorpha Nyl. Common on the trunk and twigs of the trees and alsO 140 Indian Journal of Forestry 1: 138-146, 1978 FLORA OF GANGOTRI Al'<D GOMUKH on ground in higher altitudes from Bhairon Ghati to Gomukh area. Vari- ations in thallus range from pale to grey brown and typically isidiate to isidiate/ sorediate condition. \ formed in G.A.W. On soil with mosses in Gomukh area, 5th and 6th This species has so far been known from Japan. Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. Common on bark.and soH from Bhairon Ghati to Gomukh area. Trev. em. Poelt (Physciaceae) 17. Heterodermia Ieucomela ssp. boryi (Fee) Swinsc. and Krog. On soil over boulder. Bbairon Ghati area. . * 18. 'vtieterodermia microphylla (Kurok.) Skorepa Thallus foliose, greyish brown, irregu- larly laciniatc, laciniae linear, upto 1.5 mm wide, densely lobulate, lobules marginal, very small, de .k.: whitish along the margin; upper surface smooth, soredia and isidia absent; under surface whiti"h to darker, concolorous rhizinae along the margins; upper cortex 3876 SLm thick, algal zone continuous or dis- continuous upto 76 ILm thick, medulla compact; lower cortex ab3cnt; apothecia Cortex K + yellow; medulla K + . yellow, C-, KC-, P-. Atranorin and Zeorin present (TLC). This species is distinguished from H. hypo/euca by the presence. of very small 'lobules along the margins of laciniae. It is so far known from Japan, America and Africa. NB: The combi- nation H. microphyIIa (Kurok.) Skorepa (1972) anti dates that of Swinscow & Krog (1976). On boulders, Gangotri. Hypogymnia (Nyl.) Ny!. (Parmeliaceae) 19. Hypogymllia fragillima (Hillm.) Rass. Thailus terricolous, foliose, fragile, yellowish to dark brown, dichotomously divided, 1-2 mm wide, upper sur- fa(;e yellowish with dark patches, under surface dark brown to black and perfor- ated. Sterile. Medulla white: K-, C-, KC-, P-. Crystals of Physodic acid Lecanora (Ach.) Th. Fr. (Lecanoraceae) 21. Lecanora rubina (VilI.) Ach. Thalli range from 1 to 4 em in diam. and usually possess many apothecia with a bright red to reddish brown disc, which in mature condition may become convex. Common on rocks, Gangotri to Gomukh .. Nephroma Ach. (Peltigeraceae) 22. Nephroma helv2ticum Ach. On ground with mosses in shady places under Betula near Bhojbasa. *23. Nephroma isidiosum (NyJ.) Gyel. Thallus foliose, brown, loosely attached to the substratum, 'lobes irregular, 5-8(10) mm wide; margin entire to creRulate; upper surface scrobiculate, isidiate; isidia coralloid in clusters on the cracked ridges and along the margins, medulla whitish; alga blue green; lower surface slightly lighter to concolorous \vith upper surface and covered with dense, short, brown tomenta and scat- tered rhizinae. A pothecia absent. Thallus and medulla K-, C-, KC-, p..;. This species is distinguished from N. helveticum Ach. by clustered, coralloid isidia along the cracked ridges on' the upper surface. On mossy ground near Chirbasa. This taxon has so far been reported from Western Siberia, North America and Scandinavia sensu Wetmore (1960). 24. Nephroma parile (Ach.) Ach. A sore- diate species, .common on ground in 141 Indian Journal of Forestry 1: 138-146, 1978 INDIAN JOURNAL OF fORESTRY shade of trees between Chirbasa and Bhojbasa. ParmeUa (Ach.) De Not. (Parmeliaceae) 23. Parmelia caperata (L.) Ach. Common on the trunks .of Cedrus, Pinus from Bhairon Ghati to Gangotri and occasion- ally on rocks in area. 26. Parmelia conspersa (Ach.) Ach. Common over rocks from Gangotri to Gomukh area. 27. Parmelia exasperatula Nyl. On the trunk of Betula and also on rocks, between Chirbasa and Gomukh. 28. Parmelia jl.1ventior Stirt. Common on the barf: from Bhairon Ghati to Bhoj- basa. 29. Parmelia glabratula Lamy. Common on b3.rk and over ground, Bhairon Ghati to Gomukh. 30. Parmeliapannijormis (NyL) Vain. Thallus saxicolous, foliose, brown to black, sub orbicular, closely to loosely irregularly lobed; lobes 0.5:-1 (1.5) mm wide, discrete to imbricate; upper smooth to irregularly pitted, without pseudocypheUae, shining near the tips; initially isidioid later finger like dorsiventral lobules present along the margin of the lobes; confluent capitate soralia present in the central part of the thallus; soredia granular; under surface black with sparse black rhizinae. Apothecia absent Thallus cortex K-, HNO a -; medulla white, K-, C-, KC-, P. This species is distinguished by presence of m<l;rginal lobules. This species has so far known from North America, Europe, Siberia, mountains of Venezuela and central Chile sensu Esslinger (1977). On rock in Gomukh area. 31. Parmelia pseudonilgizcrrensis Asah. Ot bark arid on ground from Bhairon GhatJ to Gomukh. *32. Parmelia sorediosa Almb. Thallus saxicolous, foliose dark brown to black, sub )rbicular (2 5 em long and 2 em wide), closely adnate, irregularly lobed, lobes 0.5-1 mm wide discrete only near the periphery, plane to convex, sorediate; soralia terminal, capitate, discrete, borne on the tips of small erect lateral branches; so redia granular to isidioid; upper surface smooth to wrink- led, duI1; pseudocyphellae, maculae absent. Under surface black, sparsely rhizinate. Thallus cortex K-, HNO a -; medulla white, K-, C-, KC-, P-. This species is distinguished from P. disjuncta Erich. by the lack of pseudo- cyphellae, and the presence of terminal soralia and narrower lobes. It has so far been known from North America and Europe. On rock in Gomukh area. *33. Parmelia substygia Reis. Thallus sax"icolous, foliose, dark brown to black, dichotomously to irregularly lobed, lobes narrow, upto 1.5(2) mm crowded to discrete, plane to slightly convex, pseudocyphellate; pseudocyphellae whitish, plane; older lobes sorediate; soralia capitate. Gener- ally sterile, rarely fertile; apothecia 1-'4 mm in diam.; disc reddish brown; plane to concave; margin concolorous; sorediate; hymenium hyaline, 38-47 !Lm high; spore3 hyaline, simple, oval to ellipsoid, 9-13 x 4-6 !L m. Thallus K-, medulla white, K-, C + pink, KC + pink, P-. Common on boulders near Gangotri and Gomukh area. This taxon has so far been known from Europe, North America, West Pakistan, Nepal, Mangolia and U.S.S.R. sensu Esslinger (1977). 142 Indian Journal of Forestry 1: 138-146, 1978 Ft.ORA OF GANGOTRJ AND GOMUKH sldcata Tayl. Common on .. . bark and also on rocks from Bhairon Ghati to Gomukh area. Parmelia taraetlea Kremp. On rocks in the form of small to large yellowish, loose:y attached patches, rarely on bark, infrequent between Bhairon Ghati and Gangotri, and common between Gango- tri and Gomukh. 36. Parmelia tiliaeea (Hoffm.) Ach. On a fallen log in Bhairon Ghati near bridge on Nilong river. 37. Parrnelia tinctina Mah. and Gill. On boulders near Gapgotri. 38. Parmelia ulophyJIodes (Vain.) Sav. In association with Parmelia eaperata and Parrnelia fiaventior. Common in Bhairon Ghati area on Cedrus deodara bark and extends upto Bhojbasa, occasionally on rocks. 39. Parmelia villosella Essl. Common on bark from Bhairon Ghati to Gomukh area. Peltigera Pers. (Peltigeraceae) Peltigera eanina (L.) Willd. On ground n moist and shady places between 2hirbasa and Bhojbasa. (1. Pelligera horizontalis (Huds.) Baumg. On shady ground near Chirbasa. 42. Peltigera praetextata (Florke) Vain. On sandy soil in the ledges of big bemlders in Gomukh area. .r. Peltigera rt1escens (Weiss) Humb. On ground in ledges of big boulders III Gomukh area. Phaeophyscia Mobcrg (Physciaceae) I " The greyish brown species of the genus ,yscia s. l. which do not possess atranorin, l aIlY Ltck pruina and possess simple rhizinae, ,e been transferred under a new genus, eophyscia, by Moberg (1977). We have e followed Moberg's concept. . * 44.0haeophyscia ciliata (Hoifm.) Moberg. Thallus saxicolous of terricolous foftose, grey brown to dark brown almost ck scly appressed to substratum, lobes radiating. upto 1.5 mm wide, mostly flat, upper surface 'smooth; cilia, soredia and isidia absent; underside dark brown to black with concolorous rhizinae; upper cortex paraplectenchymatous, unevenly thick, with a thin outer brownish layer; algal layer irregular and reaching deep in the medulla; medulla white very thin; lower cortex paraplectenchymatous. Apothecia common in the central part of the thallus, 1-2.5 mm in diam., with an . indistinct corona (crown of the rhizinae at the base of apotheclUm); disc black; margin concolorous with the thallus; spores brown, bicelled, Physeia type, 18-28, 5 x 9-15 lim in size. Thallus K-; medulla K-; atranorin absent. On rocks and ground near Gangotri and Gomukh area. This species has so far been . known from America and Europe. *450fraeophyscia eonstipata (Norrl.) Moberg. Thallus terricolous, foliose, greyish brown, irregular in outline, lacin iae narrow, long and very fragile; upper surface smooth; cilia, isidia and soredia absent; under surface dark brown to black with simple upper paraplectenchymatous, unevenly thick, lo\ver cortex paraplectenchy- matous. rare, 1-3 mm in diam. without corona; spores brown, bicelled, Physcia type, 15-27 x 7-13 !Lm in size. thallus and medulla K-, atra- norin absent. On soil in Gomukh area. The taxon has so far been known from the Arctic and Alpine regions of Europe and North America. 46. Phaeophyscia endoeoccina (Korb.) Moberg. On rocks in Gomuk area. 143 Indian Journal of Forestry 1: 138-146, 1978 Figs. 1 & 2. Anol'tyc1zia pseudorocmcri Awasthiand S. Singh-Fig. 1. Photo of a part of the holotype in surface view. Fig: 2. Photo of a part of the holotype in lateral view (enlarged). Figs. 3 & 4. Physcia gomukhcmis Awasthi & S. Sing h-Fig. 3. Photo of the part of holotype. Fig. 4. Few laciniae enlarged to show p1inute reticulate scrobiculations on surface. Indian Journal of Forestry 1: 138-146, 1978 INDIAN JOURNAL OF FORESTRY Vt( Phaeophyscia hispidula (Ach.) Awasthi and S. Singh, comb. nov.-Basionym: Parmelia hispidula Ach. in Lichenogra- phia Universalis, Gottingen, 1810; 468.- Physcia hispidu/a (Ach.) Frey. Ber. Schweiz Bot. Ges 1963, 73: 389-503.- Physcia setosa (Ach.) Nyl. Synops. Meth. 'Lich., 1, 18 0; 429. On rocks and soil between Bhairon Gh,ati and Gango- tri. 48. Phaeophyscia kairamoi (Vain.) Moberg (Syn. Ehyscia karakorina Poelt) Thallus corticolous, foliose, lobes mar- ginally white ciliate, isidia marginal and broken into small granular fragments provided with hyaline hairs. Under side dark brown to black with long, black simple rhizinae which usually project beyond the margins. Both the cortices are paraplectenchymatous. Apothecia 2-5 mm in diam., young apothecia concave with dark brown to black disc and a prominent thalline margin, hyaline cilia present at the base of apothecia but not in the form of a distinct corona, older apothecia flat- tened; spores brown, bicdled. Physcia type. 15 -26 X 7 -15 /Lm in size. On bark between Gangotri to Gomukh. This specimen confirms to the description of Plzyscia karakorina Poelt reported from Karakorum by Poelt (1961), in most of the characters except in the corticolous habit, larger apothecia and imperfect corona of few cilia. The taxon has however been with Phaeo- physcia kairamoi (Vain.) Moberg by Moberg (1977) and has been reported to be corticolous as well. .49. Phaeophyscia sciastra (Ach.) Moberg. On sandy soil in Gomukh area. Phy:;::ia (Ach.) Vain. (Physciaceae) 50. Physcia adscendens (Fr.) Olivo in Gomukh area. 51., Pi1yscia caesia (Hoffm.) Common on rocks from Bhairon to Gomukh area, rarely on Betula. 52. Physcia dubia (Hoffm.) Lett: On in Gomukh area. 53. Physcia gomukhellsis Awasthi S. Singh, sp. nov. (Figs. 3 & 4). Thallus foliaceus, orbiculatus, laciniae adpressae, convexae, diseretae 0.7-1.5 mm latae, emaculatae, reticulate-sero marginibus albociliatae; subtus cens; rhizinae simplices. Z",i; .. tatis, cortice superne matice, inferne prosoplect Apothecia desunt. Thallus saxicolous, foliose, orbicular, ca. 5 cm in diam., slate grey, adpressed to the su sympodially branched, laciniae 1.5 mm wide, 95-171 /Lm thick and sparse hyaline cilia along the in older part of the thallus; upper face smooth to we.akly minutely tely scrobiculated III older emaculate, sorediate; soralia under surface pale brown with to dark brown simple rhizinae; cortex paraplectenchymatous, 19-30 thick and with an outer brown men ted layer; a!gal zone in the of discontinuous patches, 38-47 (66) thick, alga green, cells . 4-15 /Lm in diam.; 38-85 /Lm thick; lower cortex proso tenchymatous (sensu Moberg, 1 upto 35 /Lm thick. Apothecia a Thallus K + yeHow; medulla
yellow, C-, KC-, P-. Zeorin present (TLC). 144 Indian Journal of Forestry 1: 138-146, 1978 54.
58. :59. FLORA OF GANGOTRI AND GOMUKH Uttar Pradesh, . Uttarkashi district, Gomukh .area, right bank, between 3rd and 4th moraine, alt. ca. 38 10m, on bouldeT, July 3, 1976, D.D. Awasthi and S.R. Singh, 8452 : AWAS). This species resembles Physcia caesia (Hoffm.) Hampe in the 'nature of capi- tate soralia but differs from that in the presence of whitish cilia along the margins and minute reticulate scrobi- cuJatLm on the surface, which are more distinct under lens in the central part" of thallus. Physcia phaea (Tuck.) Thoms. On boulders from Gangotri to Gomukh area. Physcia stellaris (L.) Ny!. One of the common corticolous species fcom Bhairon Ghati to Gomukh area. Physconia Poelt (Physciaceae) Physconia detersa (Nyl.) Poelt. Common on bark and on mossy soil from Bhairon Ghati to Gomukh area. Physconia enteroxantha (Nyl.) Poelt. On mossy soil halfway to Gangotri from Bhairon G hati. No. 8178. Physconia muscigella (Ach.) Poelt. Common on soil along with mosses from Bhairon Ghati to Gomukh area, Nos. '. 8199, 8303, 8390, 8445, 8507, 8520, 8577. Physconia perisidiosa (Erich.) Moberg. Thallus foliose, small, greyish brown, irregularly lobed, lobes short, 1-2.5 mm wide, marginally sorediate; soralia lip shaped, in older lobes soredia become isidioid and get aggregated on- tf e lamina; under side dark brown to black with black, squarrose rhizinae;" tips of lobes decorticate on lower side; I upper cortex scleroplectenchymatous; medulla white, K -; lower cortex proso- plectenchymatous. Apothecia rare; spo- res brown, bicelled Physconia' type, 24-42 X 15-27"!Lm in size. Thallus and medulla' both K-. Atranorin absent. On mossy soil at 4 km from Bhairon Ghati to Gangotri. The taxon is so far known from Europe. Ramalina Ach. (Usneaceae) 60. Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach. On bark in Chirbasa area. *61. Ramalina intermedia (Del.) Del. Thallus small yellowish, much branched, flattened and .. finely divided towards apices, with numerous small soralia irregularly spreading over adjacent areas. Sora1i<\ P-, Thallus K-, C-, KC-, P-. This taxon is distmgUIshed from Rama- lina farinacea by finely divided apices of thallus and coarsely granular soredia. This species is so far known from Europe, America' and Australia. On bark and mossy soil beyond Chirbasa and in moraines 'near Gomukh. 62Y Ramalina iinensis Jatta. Common on bark from Bhairon Ghati to Gomukh area. Stereocaulon Schreb. "(S tcreocaulaceae) 63. Stereocaulon foliolosum Nyl. On sandy soil in ledges of boulders in moraines in Gomukh area. 64. Stereocaulon myriocarpum Th. Fr. Common and, densely growing in ledges in the older moraines in Gomukh area mostly well fertile. Thamnolia Ach. (Usneaceae) 65. Thamnolia subuIi{ormis (Ehrh.) W. Culb. (Syn. Thamnolia subvermicularis Asah). On ground in older moraines in below boulders in association with'" Cornicularia, Slereocaulon etc. 66. \/Tlwmnolia vermicularis (Sw.) Ach. ex Schaer. On ground. in older moraines III ledges below bou!ders in association 145 Indian Journal of Forestry 1: 138-146, 1978 INDIAN JOURNAL OF FORESTRY with Cornieularia, Stereocaulon, Cetraria sp. . Umilicaria Hoffm. em Frey (Umbilic- ariaceae). 67. Umbilicaria pustulata (L.) Hoffm. Rare on boulders in Chirbasa area. Umbilicaria vel/ea (L.) Ach. em Frey. Common on boulders from Gangotri to Gomukh. 69. Umbilicaria virginis Scha,er. Frequent on boulders from Bhojbasa to Gomukh area. Usnea Wigg. em Ach. (Usneaceae) 70. Usnea peetinata Tay!. Common on bark from Bhairon Ghati to Chirbasa. N.B. Certain other specimens of Usnea are under study. Xanthoria Th. Fr. (Teloschistaceae) 71. Xanthoria cfr. aureola (Ach.) Erich. f. congranulala (Cromb.) Erich. Rare, in Gomukh area. 'j)t:"" Xalllhoria candelaria (L.) Kickx. Rare on rock between 'Bhairon Ghati to Gangotri. 13. Xlnthoria jal/ax (Hepp.) Arn. (Syn. Xalllhuriu subsle/laris (Ach.) Vain.) Common on bark. between Bhairon Ghati and Gangotri. 14. Xal11horia clegans (Link) Th. Fr. Very common in the Gomukh area, forming sm.llLlO large circular patches on the rocks and boulders. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors are thankful to the Director , ilaciology Division Circle Lucknow), ieoiogical Survey of for the facilities frovided .to collect lichens in a collaborative 6ientific programme. One (S. R.S.) of the authors is thankful to the University Grant . . Commission, New Delhi for the award of tht Teacher Fe1l9wship to him under the FacultJ Improvement Programme enabling him tt carry out the above investigations. Addendum Parmelia halei Awasthi, that was describec QY Awasthi (1976) was later discovered to be homonym of Parmelia halei Ahti (I 966). There- fore the following correction is proposed. Parmelia mussooriensis Awasthi, nom. nov. halei Awas. BioI. Memoirs, Lucknow 1: 175, 1976 non P. halei Ahti. REFERENCES Aht1, T. 1966. Parmelia olivacea and the allied non- isidiate and non sorediate corticolous lichens in the northern hemisphere. Acta Bdsn. Fennica 70, 1-68. Awasthi, D.O. 1976. Lichen genus Parmelia in India BioI. Mem., Lucknow I (I & 2); 155-229. Dahl, E. & Krog. H 1973. Macrolichens of Den- mark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Os16: 1185. Esslinger, T.L. 1977. A chemosystematic revision of the brown Parmeliai!. Journ. Haltari Bot. Lab. No. 42: 1-211. Moberg, R. 1977. The lichen genus Physcia and allied genera in Fennoscandia. Symp. Bot. Upsal 22 (1): 1-108. Poelt, J. 1961. Flechten aus dem NW Karakorum. Mitt. Bot. Staats- Munchen, 4: 83-94. - 1968. Flechten aus dem Norc'ostlichen Afgha- . nistan. Milt Bot. Mum hen, 7: 219-261. Skorepa, A.C. 1972. A catalog of the lichens reported from Tennessee. The Bryologist 75: 481-500. Swinscow, T.D. V. and Krog, H. 1976. The genera Anaptychia and Heterodtrmia in East Africa. Lichenologist (;: 103138. Wetmore, C.M. 1960. The lichen genus N.!phroma in North and Middle America. Pub. Michi State. Unlv. Bioi. ::>er. 1 (11): 373-452. 146 Indian Journal of Forestry 1: 138-146, 1978