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3 Regulator
3 Regulator
FEATURES
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
DESCRIPTIO
Optimized for Fast Transient Response Output Current: 3A Dropout Voltage: 340mV at 3A Low Noise: 40VRMS (10Hz to 100kHz) 1mA Quiescent Current Wide Input Voltage Range: 2.7V to 20V No Protection Diodes Needed Controlled Quiescent Current in Dropout Fixed Output Voltages: 1.5V, 1.8V, 2.5V, 3.3V Adjustable Output from 1.21V to 20V < 1A Quiescent Current in Shutdown Stable with 10F Output Capacitor Reverse Battery Protection No Reverse Current Thermal Limiting
U APPLICATIO S
I I
The LT 1764 is a low dropout regulator optimized for fast transient response. The device is capable of supplying 3A of output current with a dropout voltage of 340mV. Operating quiescent current is 1mA, dropping to < 1A in shutdown. Quiescent current is well controlled; it does not rise in dropout as it does with many other regulators. In addition to fast transient response, the LT1764 has very low output voltage noise which makes the device ideal for sensitive RF supply applications. Output voltage range is from 1.21V to 20V. The LT1764 regulators are stable with output capacitors as low as 10F. Internal protection circuitry includes reverse battery protection, current limiting, thermal limiting and reverse current protection. The device is available in fixed output voltages of 1.5V, 1.8V, 2.5V, 3.3V and as an adjustable device with a 1.21V reference voltage. The LT1764 regulators are available in 5-lead TO-220 and DD packages.
, LTC and LT are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation.
3.3V to 2.5V Logic Power Supply Post Regulator for Switching Supplies
TYPICAL APPLICATIO
400
350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 LOAD CURRENT (A) 2.5 3.0
1764 TA02
+
VIN > 3V
IN 10F
OUT LT1764-2.5
2.5V 3A 10F
U
Dropout Voltage
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LT1764 Series
PACKAGE/ORDER INFORMATION
FRONT VIEW 5 4 TAB IS GND 3 2 1 Q PACKAGE 5-LEAD PLASTIC DD SENSE/ADJ* OUT GND IN SHDN
*PIN 5 = SENSE FOR LT1764-1.8/ LT1764-2.5/LT1764-3.3 = ADJ FOR LT1764 TJMAX = 150C, JA = 30C/ W
Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges.
The G denotes specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are TA = 25C. (Note 2)
PARAMETER Minimum Input Voltage (Notes 3, 11) CONDITIONS ILOAD = 0.5A ILOAD = 1.5A ILOAD = 2.7A, 110C < TJ 125C ILOAD = 3A, 40C TJ 110C LT1764-1.5 VIN = 2.21V, ILOAD = 1mA 2.7V < VIN < 20V, 1mA < ILOAD < 3A, 40C TJ 110C 2.7V < VIN < 20V, 1mA < ILOAD < 2.7A, 110C < TJ 125C LT1764-1.8 VIN = 2.3V, ILOAD = 1mA 2.8V < VIN < 20V, 1mA < ILOAD < 3A, 40C TJ 110C 2.8V < VIN < 20V, 1mA < ILOAD < 2.7A, 110C < TJ 125C LT1764-2.5 VIN = 3V, ILOAD = 1mA 3.5V < VIN < 20V, 1mA < ILOAD < 3A, 40C TJ 110C 3.5V < VIN < 20V, 1mA < ILOAD < 2.7A, 110C < TJ 125C LT1764-3.3 VIN = 3.8V, ILOAD = 1mA 4.3V < VIN < 20V, 1mA < ILOAD < 3A, 40C TJ 110C 4.3V < VIN < 20V, 1mA < ILOAD < 2.7A, 110C < TJ 125C ADJ Pin Voltage (Notes 3, 4) LT1764 VIN = 2.21V, ILOAD = 1mA 2.7V < VIN < 20V, 1mA < ILOAD < 3A, 40C TJ 110C 2.7V < VIN < 20V, 1mA < ILOAD < 2.7A, 110C < TJ 125C 1.477 1.447 1.447 1.773 1.737 1.737 2.462 2.412 2.412 3.250 3.183 3.183 1.192 1.168 1.168 MIN TYP 1.7 1.9 2.3 2.3 1.500 1.500 1.500 1.800 1.800 1.800 2.500 2.500 2.500 3.300 3.300 3.300 1.210 1.210 1.210 MAX UNITS V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
W W
U
FRONT VIEW 5 4 3 2 1 T PACKAGE 5-LEAD PLASTIC TO-220 GND IN SHDN SENSE/ADJ* OUT
*PIN 5 = SENSE FOR LT1764-1.8/ LT1764-2.5/LT1764-3.3 = ADJ FOR LT1764 TJMAX = 150C, JA = 50C/ W
2.7 2.7 1.523 1.545 1.545 1.827 1.854 1.854 2.538 2.575 2.575 3.350 3.400 3.400 1.228 1.246 1.246
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LT1764 Series
The G denotes specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are TA = 25C. (Note 2)
PARAMETER Line Regulation CONDITIONS LT1764-1.5 LT1764-1.8 LT1764-2.5 LT1764-3.3 LT1764 (Note 3) LT1764-1.5 VIN = 2.21V to 20V, ILOAD = 1mA VIN = 2.3V to 20V, ILOAD = 1mA VIN = 3V to 20V, ILOAD = 1mA VIN = 3.8V to 20V, ILOAD = 1mA VIN = 2.21V to 20V, ILOAD = 1mA VIN = 2.7V, ILOAD = 1mA to 3A VIN = 2.7V, ILOAD = 1mA to 3A, 40C TJ 110C VIN = 2.7V, ILOAD = 1mA to 2.7A, 110C < TJ 125C VIN = 2.8V, ILOAD = 1mA to 3A VIN = 2.8V, ILOAD = 1mA to 3A, 40C TJ 110C VIN = 2.8V, ILOAD = 1mA to 2.7A, 110C < TJ 125C VIN = 3.5V, ILOAD = 1mA to 3A VIN = 3.5V, ILOAD = 1mA to 3A, 40C TJ 110C VIN = 3.5V, ILOAD = 1mA to 2.7A, 110C < TJ 125C VIN = 4.3V, ILOAD = 1mA to 3A VIN = 4.3V, ILOAD = 1mA to 3A, 40C TJ 110C VIN = 4.3V, ILOAD = 1mA to 2.7A, 110C < TJ 125C
G G G G G
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
MIN
MAX 10 10 10 10 10 7 23 23 8 25 25 10 30 30 12 40 40 5 20 20 0.05 0.10 0.13 0.18 0.20 0.27 0.33 0.40 0.66 0.45 0.66 1.5 1.6 5 18 75 200 200 10 2 1 30 1
UNITS mV mV mV mV mV mV mV mV mV mV mV mV mV mV mV mV mV mV mV mV V V V V V V V V V V V mA mA mA mA mA mA mA VRMS A V V A A A dB
Load Regulation
LT1764-1.8
LT1764-2.5
LT1764-3.3
LT1764 (Note 3) VIN = 2.7V, ILOAD = 1mA to 3A VIN = 2.7V, ILOAD = 1mA to 3A, 40C TJ 110C VIN = 2.7V, ILOAD = 1mA to 2.7A, 110C < TJ 125C Dropout Voltage VIN = VOUT(NOMINAL) (Notes 5, 6, 11) ILOAD = 1mA ILOAD = 1mA ILOAD = 100mA ILOAD = 100mA ILOAD = 500mA ILOAD = 500mA ILOAD = 1.5A ILOAD = 1.5A ILOAD = 2.7A, 110C < TJ 125C ILOAD = 3A ILOAD = 3A, 40C TJ 110C GND Pin Current VIN = VOUT(NOMINAL) + 1V (Notes 5, 7) ILOAD = 0mA ILOAD = 1mA ILOAD = 100mA ILOAD = 500mA ILOAD = 1.5A ILOAD = 2.7A, 110C < TJ 125C ILOAD = 3A, 40C TJ 110C COUT = 10F, ILOAD = 3A, BW = 10Hz to 100kHz (Notes 3, 8) VOUT = Off to On VOUT = On to Off VSHDN = 0V VSHDN = 20V VIN = 6V, VSHDN = 0V VIN VOUT = 1.5V (Avg), VRIPPLE = 0.5VP-P, fRIPPLE = 120Hz, ILOAD = 1.5A 55
G G G G G G G G
0.02 0.07
G
0.14
G
0.25
G
0.34 1 1.1 3.5 11 40 120 120 40 3 0.25 0.9 0.75 0.01 7 0.01 63
Output Voltage Noise ADJ Pin Bias Current Shutdown Threshold SHDN Pin Current (Note 9) Quiescent Current in Shutdown Ripple Rejection
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LT1764 Series
The G denotes specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are TA = 25C. (Note 2)
PARAMETER Current Limit CONDITIONS VIN = 7V, VOUT = 0V LT1764-1.8, LT1764-2.5, LT1764-3.3 VIN = VOUT(NOMINAL) + 1V, VOUT = 0.1V, 40C TJ 110C VIN = VOUT(NOMINAL) + 1V, VOUT = 0.1V, 110C < TJ 125C LT1764, LT1764-1.5 VIN = 2.7V, VOUT = 0.1V, 40C TJ 110C VIN = 2.7V, VOUT = 0.1V, 110C < TJ 125C Input Reverse Leakage Current VIN = 20V, VOUT = 0V
G
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
MIN
TYP 4
MAX
UNITS A A A A A
3.1 2.8 3.1 2.8 1 600 600 600 600 300 1200 1200 1200 1200 600
mA A A A A A
Reverse Output Current (Note 10) LT1764-1.5 VOUT = 1.5V, VIN < 1.5V LT1764-1.8 VOUT = 1.8V, VIN < 1.8V LT1764-2.5 VOUT = 2.5V, VIN < 2.5V LT1764-3.3 VOUT = 3.3V, VIN < 3.3V LT1764 (Note 3) VOUT = 1.21V, VIN < 1.21V Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which the life of a device may be impaired. Note 2: The LT1764 regulators are tested and specified under pulse load conditions such that TJ TA. The LT1764 is 100% tested at TA = 25C. Performance at 40C and 125C is assured by design, characterization and correlation with statistical process controls. Note 3: The LT1764 (adjustable version) is tested and specified for these conditions with the ADJ pin connected to the OUT pin. Note 4. Operating conditions are limited by maximum junction temperature. The regulated output voltage specification will not apply for all possible combinations of input voltage and output current. When operating at maximum input voltage, the output current range must be limited. When operating at maximum output current, the input voltage range must be limited. Note 5: To satisfy requirements for minimum input voltage, the LT1764 (adjustable version) is tested and specified for these conditions with an external resistor divider (two 4.12k resistors) for an output voltage of 2.42V. The external resistor divider will add a 300A DC load on the output.
Note 6: Dropout voltage is the minimum input to output voltage differential needed to maintain regulation at a specified output current. In dropout, the output voltage will be equal to: VIN VDROPOUT. Note 7: GND pin current is tested with VIN = VOUT(NOMINAL) + 1V or VIN = 2.7V (whichever is greater) and a current source load. The GND pin current will decrease at higher input voltages. Note 8: ADJ pin bias current flows into the ADJ pin. Note 9: SHDN pin current flows into the SHDN pin. Note 10: Reverse output current is tested with the IN pin grounded and the OUT pin forced to the rated output voltage. This current flows into the OUT pin and out the GND pin. Note 11. For the LT1764, LT1764-1.5 and LT1764-1.8 dropout voltage will be limited by the minimum input voltage specification under some output voltage/load conditions. Note 12. All combinations of absolute maximum input voltage and absolute maximum output voltage cannot be achieved. The absolute maximum differential from input to output is 20V. For example, with VIN = 20V, VOUT cannot be pulled below ground.
TJ = 25C
0.5
U W
2.5
1764 G01
Dropout Voltage
3.0
2.5
3.0
1764 G02
50 25 75 0 TEMPERATURE (C)
100
125
1764 G03
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LT1764-1.8/2.5/3.3
0 50 25
IL = 1mA
3.34 3.32 3.30 3.28 3.26 3.24 3.22 50 25 0 75 50 25 TEMPERATURE (C) 100 125
U W
1764 G04 1756 G07 1764 G10
2.42 50 25
75 50 25 TEMPERATURE (C)
100
125
1756 G05
1756 G06
IL = 1mA
1756 G08
1764 G09
1764 G11
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RL = 3.6 IL = 500mA*
RL = 6 IL = 300mA*
25 20 15 10 5 0
RL = 5 IL = 500mA*
15.0
12
90
RL = 0.6 IL = 3A*
160
GND PIN CURRENT (mA)
120
RL = 1.1 IL = 3A*
U W
1764 G13
RL = 25 IL = 100mA*
RL = 8.33 IL = 300mA*
10
10
1764 G14
1764 G15
120
160
120
60
RL = 1.2 IL = 1.5A*
RL = 2.57 IL = 0.7A*
80 RL = 1.66 IL = 1.5A*
RL = 3.57 IL = 0.7A*
30
40
10
10
10
1764 G16
1764 G17
1764 G18
120
60
RL = 1.73 IL = 0.7A*
30
10
10
0.5
2.5
3.0
1764 G21
1764 G19
1764 G20
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0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 50 25 50 25 0 75 TEMPERATURE (C) 100 125
0.8
IL = 3A
VSHDN = 20V
Current Limit
6 5
CURRENT LIMIT (A)
LT1764 LT1764-1.8 LT1764-2.5 LT1764-3.3 TJ = 25C VIN = 0V CURRENT FLOWS INTO OUTPUT PIN VOUT = VADJ (LT1764) VOUT = VFB (LT1764-1.8/-2.5/-3.3) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 9 10
4 3 2 1 0 50 25
50 25 75 0 TEMPERATURE (C)
U W
1764 G22 1764 G25
IL = 1mA
1764 G23
Current Limit
0.5 0 50 25
0
75 50 25 TEMPERATURE (C)
100
125
1756 G26
100
125
1764 G28
1764 G29
1764 G30
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70
RIPPLE REJECTION (dB)
RIPPLE REJECTION (dB)
60 50 40 30 COUT = 10F IL = 1.5A TANTALUM 10 VIN = VOUT(NOM) + 1V + 50mVRMS RIPPLE 0 100k 100 10 1k 10k FREQUENCY (Hz) 20 COUT = 100F TANTALUM + 10 1F CERAMIC
Load Regulation
OUTPUT NOISE SPECTRAL DENSITY (V/Hz)
10 5
1
0 5
LT1764
LT1764-1.8 10 LT1764-2.5 15 LT1764-3.3 20 IL = 1mA TO 3A VIN = 2.7V (LT1764) 25 VIN = VOUT(NOM) + 1V (LT1764-1.8/-2.5/-3.3) 30 75 100 0 50 25 50 25 TEMPERATURE (C)
VOUT 100V/DIV
COUT = 10F IL = 3A
1ms/DIV
U W
1764 G31 1764 G34
Ripple Rejection
75 IL = 1.5A VIN = VOUT(NOM) + 1V + 0.5VP-P RIPPLE AT f = 120Hz
3.0 2.5 2.0
IL = 3A IL = 1.5A
65
60
55
1M
50 50 25
50 25 0 75 TEMPERATURE (C)
100
125
50 25 75 0 TEMPERATURE (C)
100
125
1764 G32
1764 G33
LT1764-3.3 0.1
LT1764-2.5
LT1764
LT1764-1.8
125
0.01 10
100
100k
1764 G35
0 0.0001
0.001
10
1764 G36
3 2 1 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 TIME (s)
1764 G39
1764 G37
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LT1764 Series
PI FU CTIO S
SHDN (Pin 1): Shutdown. The SHDN pin is used to put the LT1764 regulators into a low power shutdown state. The output will be off when the SHDN pin is pulled low. The SHDN pin can be driven either by 5V logic or opencollector logic with a pull-up resistor. The pull-up resistor is required to supply the pull-up current of the opencollector gate, normally several microamperes, and the SHDN pin current, typically 7A. If unused, the SHDN pin must be connected to VIN. The device will be in the low power shutdown state if the SHDN pin is not connected. IN (Pin 2): Input. Power is supplied to the device through the IN pin. A bypass capacitor is required on this pin if the device is more than six inches away from the main input filter capacitor. In general, the output impedance of a battery rises with frequency, so it is advisable to include a bypass capacitor in battery-powered circuits. A bypass capacitor in the range of 1F to 10F is sufficient. The LT1764 regulators are designed to withstand reverse voltages on the IN pin with respect to ground and the OUT pin. In the case of a reverse input, which can happen if a battery is plugged in backwards, the device will act as if there is a diode in series with its input. There will be no reverse current flow into the regulator and no reverse voltage will appear at the load. The device will protect both itself and the load. GND (Pin 3): Ground. OUT (Pin 4): Output. The output supplies power to the load. A minimum output capacitor of 10F is required to prevent oscillations. Larger output capacitors will be required for applications with large transient loads to limit peak voltage transients. See the Applications Information section for more information on output capacitance and reverse output characteristics. SENSE (Pin 5): Sense. For fixed voltage versions of the LT1764 (LT1764-1.8/LT1764-2.5/LT1764-3.3), the SENSE pin is the input to the error amplifier. Optimum regulation will be obtained at the point where the SENSE pin is connected to the OUT pin of the regulator. In critical applications, small voltage drops are caused by the resistance (RP) of PC traces between the regulator and the load. These may be eliminated by connecting the SENSE pin to the output at the load as shown in Figure 1 (Kelvin Sense Connection). Note that the voltage drop across the external PC traces will add to the dropout voltage of the regulator. The SENSE pin bias current is 600A at the nominal rated output voltage. The SENSE pin can be pulled below ground (as in a dual supply system where the regulator load is returned to a negative supply) and still allow the device to start and operate. ADJ (Pin 5): Adjust. For the adjustable LT1764, this is the input to the error amplifier. This pin is internally clamped to 7V. It has a bias current of 3A which flows into the pin. The ADJ pin voltage is 1.21V referenced to ground and the output voltage range is 1.21V to 20V.
IN LT1764
OUT
RP
+
VIN
SHDN
SENSE GND 3
+
LOAD
RP
1764 F01
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LT1764 Series
The LT1764 series are 3A low dropout regulators optimized for fast transient response. The devices are capable of supplying 3A at a dropout voltage of 340mV. The low operating quiescent current (1mA) drops to less than 1A in shutdown. In addition to the low quiescent current, the LT1764 regulators incorporate several protection features which make them ideal for use in battery-powered systems. The devices are protected against both reverse input and reverse output voltages. In battery backup applications where the output can be held up by a backup battery when the input is pulled to ground, the LT1764-X acts like it has a diode in series with its output and prevents reverse current flow. Additionally, in dual supply applications where the regulator load is returned to a negative supply, the output can be pulled below ground by as much as 20V and still allow the device to start and operate. Adjustable Operation The adjustable version of the LT1764 has an output voltage range of 1.21V to 20V. The output voltage is set by the ratio of two external resistors as shown in Figure 2. The device servos the output to maintain the voltage at the ADJ pin at 1.21V referenced to ground. The current in R1 is then equal to 1.21V/R1 and the current in R2 is the current in R1 plus the ADJ pin bias current. The ADJ pin bias current, 3A at 25C, flows through R2 into the ADJ pin. The output voltage can be calculated using the formula in Figure 2. The value of R1 should be less than 4.17k to minimize errors in the output voltage caused by the ADJ pin bias current. Note that in shutdown the output is turned off and the divider current will be zero.
IN VIN LT1764 ADJ GND R1
1764 F02
OUT
VOUT
+
R2
R2 VOUT = 1.21V 1 + + (IADJ )(R2) R1 VADJ = 1.21V IADJ = 3A AT 25C OUTPUT RANGE = 1.21V TO 20V
10
U
The adjustable device is tested and specified with the ADJ pin tied to the OUT pin for an output voltage of 1.21V. Specifications for output voltages greater than 1.21V will be proportional to the ratio of the desired output voltage to 1.21V: VOUT/1.21V. For example, load regulation for an output current change of 1mA to 3A is 3mV typical at VOUT = 1.21V. At VOUT = 5V, load regulation is: (5V/1.21V)(3mV) = 12.4mV Output Capacitance and Transient Response The LT1764 regulators are designed to be stable with a wide range of output capacitors. The ESR of the output capacitor affects stability, most notably with small capacitors. A minimum output capacitor of 10F with an ESR in the range of 50m to 3 is recommended to prevent oscillations. Larger values of output capacitance can decrease the peak deviations and provide improved transient response for larger load current changes. Bypass capacitors, used to decouple individual components powered by the LT1764-X, will increase the effective output capacitor value. Extra consideration must be given to the use of ceramic capacitors. In some applications the use of ceramic capacitors with an ESR below 50m can cause oscillations. Please consult our Applications Engineering department for help with any issues concerning the use of ceramic output capacitors. Ceramic capacitors are manufactured with a variety of dielectrics, each with different behavior over temperature and applied voltage. The most common dielectrics used are Z5U, Y5V, X5R and X7R. The Z5U and Y5V dielectrics are good for providing high capacitances in a small package, but exhibit strong voltage and temperature coefficients as shown in Figures 3 and 4. When used with a 5V regulator, a 10F Y5V capacitor can exhibit an effective value as low as 1F to 2F over the operating temperature range. The X5R and X7R dielectrics result in more stable characteristics and are more suitable for use as the output capacitor. The X7R type has better stability across temperature, while the X5R is less expensive and is available in higher values. Voltage and temperature coefficients are not the only sources of problems. Some ceramic capacitors have a piezoelectric response. A piezoelectric device generates
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LT1764 Series
14
16
1764 F03
0 20 40 60 80 BOTH CAPACITORS ARE 16V, 1210 CASE SIZE, 10F 50 25 75 0 TEMPERATURE (C) Y5V
X5R
100 50 25
100
125
1764 F04
voltage across its terminals due to mechanical stress, similar to the way a piezoelectric accelerometer or microphone works. For a ceramic capacitor the stress can be induced by vibrations in the system or thermal transients. Overload Recovery Like many IC power regulators, the LT1764-X has safe operating area protection. The safe area protection decreases the current limit as input-to-output voltage increases and keeps the power transistor inside a safe operating region for all values of input-to-output voltage. The protection is designed to provide some output current at all values of input-to-output voltage up to the device breakdown.
U
When power is first turned on, as the input voltage rises, the output follows the input, allowing the regulator to start up into very heavy loads. During the start-up, as the input voltage is rising, the input-to-output voltage differential is small, allowing the regulator to supply large output currents. With a high input voltage, a problem can occur wherein removal of an output short will not allow the output voltage to recover. Other regulators, such as the LT1085, also exhibit this phenomenon, so it is not unique to the LT1764 series. The problem occurs with a heavy output load when the input voltage is high and the output voltage is low. Common situations are immediately after the removal of a short circuit or when the SHDN pin is pulled high after the input voltage has already been turned on. The load line for such a load may intersect the output current curve at two points. If this happens, there are two stable output operating points for the regulator. With this double intersection, the input power supply may need to be cycled down to zero and brought up again to make the output recover. Output Voltage Noise The LT1764 regulators have been designed to provide low output voltage noise over the 10Hz to 100kHz bandwidth while operating at full load. Output voltage noise is typically 50nVHz over this frequency bandwidth for the LT1764 (adjustable version). For higher output voltages (generated by using a resistor divider), the output voltage noise will be gained up accordingly. This results in RMS noise over the 10Hz to 100kHz bandwidth of 15VRMS for the LT1764 increasing to 37VRMS for the LT1764-3.3. Higher values of output voltage noise may be measured when care is not exercised with regards to circuit layout and testing. Crosstalk from nearby traces can induce unwanted noise onto the output of the LT1764-X. Power supply ripple rejection must also be considered; the LT1764 regulators do not have unlimited power supply rejection and will pass a small portion of the input noise through to the output.
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U U
11
LT1764 Series
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Thermal Considerations The power handling capability of the device is limited by the maximum rated junction temperature (125C). The power dissipated by the device is made up of two components: 1. Output current multiplied by the input/output voltage differential: (IOUT)(VIN VOUT), and 2. GND pin current multiplied by the input voltage: (IGND)(VIN). The GND pin current can be found using the GND Pin Current curves in the Typical Performance Characteristics. Power dissipation will be equal to the sum of the two components listed above. The LT1764 series regulators have internal thermal limiting designed to protect the device during overload conditions. For continuous normal conditions, the maximum junction temperature rating of 125C must not be exceeded. It is important to give careful consideration to all sources of thermal resistance from junction to ambient. Additional heat sources mounted nearby must also be considered. For surface mount devices, heat sinking is accomplished by using the heat spreading capabilities of the PC board and its copper traces. Surface mount heatsinks and plated through-holes can also be used to spread the heat generated by power devices. The following table lists thermal resistance for several different board sizes and copper areas. All measurements were taken in still air on 1/16" FR-4 board with one ounce copper.
Table 1. Q Package, 5-Lead DD
COPPER AREA TOPSIDE* 2500mm2 1000mm2 125mm
2
12
Calculating Junction Temperature Example: Given an output voltage of 3.3V, an input voltage range of 4V to 6V, an output current range of 0mA to 500mA and a maximum ambient temperature of 50C, what will the maximum junction temperature be? The power dissipated by the device will be equal to: IOUT(MAX)(VIN(MAX) VOUT) + IGND(VIN(MAX)) where, IOUT(MAX) = 500mA VIN(MAX) = 6V IGND at (IOUT = 500mA, VIN = 6V) = 10mA So, P = 500mA(6V 3.3V) + 10mA(6V) = 1.41W Using a DD package, the thermal resistance will be in the range of 23C/W to 33C/W depending on the copper area. So the junction temperature rise above ambient will be approximately equal to: 1.41W(28C/W) = 39.5C The maximum junction temperature will then be equal to the maximum junction temperature rise above ambient plus the maximum ambient temperature or: TJMAX = 50C + 39.5C = 89.5C Protection Features The LT1764 regulators incorporate several protection features which make them ideal for use in battery-powered circuits. In addition to the normal protection features associated with monolithic regulators, such as current limiting and thermal limiting, the devices are protected against reverse input voltages, reverse output voltages and reverse voltages from output to input. Current limit protection and thermal overload protection are intended to protect the device against current overload conditions at the output of the device. For normal operation, the junction temperature should not exceed 125C. The input of the device will withstand reverse voltages of 20V. Current flow into the device will be limited to less than 1mA and no negative voltage will appear at the output. The
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LT1764 Series
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
device will protect both itself and the load. This provides protection against batteries which can be plugged in backward. The output of the LT1764-X can be pulled below ground without damaging the device. If the input is left open circuit or grounded, the output can be pulled below ground by 20V. For fixed voltage versions, the output will act like a large resistor, typically 5k or higher, limiting current flow to typically less than 600A. For adjustable versions, the output will act like an open circuit; no current will flow out of the pin. If the input is powered by a voltage source, the output will source the short-circuit current of the device and will protect itself by thermal limiting. In this case, grounding the SHDN pin will turn off the device and stop the output from sourcing the short-circuit current. The ADJ pin of the adjustable device can be pulled above or below ground by as much as 7V without damaging the device. If the input is left open circuit or grounded, the ADJ pin will act like an open circuit when pulled below ground and like a large resistor (typically 5k) in series with a diode when pulled above ground. In situations where the ADJ pin is connected to a resistor divider that would pull the ADJ pin above its 7V clamp voltage if the output is pulled high, the ADJ pin input current must be limited to less than 5mA. For example, a resistor divider is used to provide a regulated 1.5V output from the 1.21V reference when the output is forced to 20V. The top resistor of the resistor divider must be chosen to limit the current into the ADJ pin to less than 5mA when the ADJ pin is at 7V. The 13V difference between OUT and ADJ pins divided by the 5mA maximum current into the ADJ pin yields a minimum top resistor value of 2.6k. In circuits where a backup battery is required, several different input/output conditions can occur. The output voltage may be held up while the input is either pulled to ground, pulled to some intermediate voltage, or is left open circuit. Current flow back into the output will follow the curve shown in Figure 5. When the IN pin of the LT1764-X is forced below the OUT pin or the OUT pin is pulled above the IN pin, input current will typically drop to less than 2A. This can happen if the input of the device is connected to a discharged (low voltage) battery and the output is held up by either a backup battery or a second regulator circuit. The state of the SHDN pin will have no effect on the reverse output current when the output is pulled above the input.
5.0 REVERSE OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0
1764 F05
LT1764
LT1764-1.8
TJ = 25C VIN = OV CURRENT FLOWS INTO OUTPUT PIN VOUT = VADJ (LT1764) VOUT = VFB (LT1764-1.8, LT1764-2.5, LT1764-3.3) LT1764-2.5
LT1764-3.3
10
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LT1764 Series
TYPICAL APPLICATIO S
SCR Preregulator Provides Efficiency Over Line Variations
L1 500H 1N4148 1k 10V AC AT 115VIN 12.1k* NTE5437 1N4002 SYNC 1N4002 TO ALL V + POINTS 2.4k 1N4002 V+
L2 10V AC AT 115VIN
90V AC TO 140V AC
22F
+
VIN > 2.7V
C1 10F
14
NTE5437
LT1764-3.3
10000F 34k*
IN SHDN GND
OUT FB
22F
VOUT 3.3V 3A
+
750 C1A 1/2 LT1018
1N4148
200k 0.1F
V+ 0.033F 750
+
C1B 1/2 LT1018 1N4148
V+
+
A1 LT1006 10k 10k V+
10k 1F
LT1004 1.2V
1764 TA03
LT1004-1.2
LOAD
R2 40.2k R3 2k
C3 1F
R7 470
8 1
1/2 LT1366 4
3 C2 3.3F
1764 TA04
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LT1764 Series
PACKAGE DESCRIPTION
Q Package 5-Lead Plastic DD Pak
(LTC DWG # 05-08-1461)
0.060 (1.524) TYP
0.256 (6.502)
0.060 (1.524)
0.060 (1.524)
0.183 (4.648)
0.075 (1.905) 0.300 (7.620) BOTTOM VIEW OF DD PAK HATCHED AREA IS SOLDER PLATED COPPER HEAT SINK +0.012 0.143 0.020 0.067 (1.70) 0.028 0.038 BSC (0.711 0.965) 0.013 0.023 (0.330 0.584)
0.230 0.270 (5.842 6.858) 0.460 0.500 (11.684 12.700) 0.570 0.620 (14.478 15.748) 0.330 0.370 (8.382 9.398) 0.700 0.728 (17.78 18.491) 0.620 (15.75) TYP
BSC
0.067 (1.70)
Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights.
SEATING PLANE 0.152 0.202 0.260 0.320 (3.861 5.131) (6.60 8.13)
0.095 0.115 (2.413 2.921) 0.155 0.195* (3.937 4.953) 0.013 0.023 (0.330 0.584)
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LT1764 Series
TYPICAL APPLICATIO U
Paralleling of Regulators for Higher Output Current
R1 0.01
+
VIN > 3.7V
C1 100F
3.3V 6A C2 22F
R6 6.65k R7 4.12k
SHDN
SHDN
R3 2.2k
R4 2.2k
8 1 C3 0.01F
R5 1k
1/2 LT1366 2 4
1764 TA05
RELATED PARTS
PART NUMBER LT1120 LT1121 LT1129 LT1175 LT1374 LT1521 LT1529 LT1573 LT1575 LT1735 LT1761 Series LT1762 Series LT1763 Series LT1962 LT1963 DESCRIPTION 125mA Low Dropout Regulator with 20A IQ 150mA Micropower Low Dropout Regulator 700mA Micropower Low Dropout Regulator 500mA Negative Low Dropout Micropower Regulator 4.5A, 500kHz Step-Down Converter 300mA Low Dropout Micropower Regulator with Shutdown 3A Low Dropout Regulator with 50A IQ UltraFastTM Transient Response Low Dropout Regulator UltraFast Transient Response Low Dropout Regulator Synchronous Step-Down Converter 100mA, Low Noise, Low Dropout Micropower Regulators in SOT-23 150mA, Low Noise, LDO Micropower Regulators 500mA, Low Noise, LDO Micropower Regulators 300mA, Low Noise, LDO Micropower Regulator 1.5A, Low Noise, Fast Transient Response LDO COMMENTS Includes 2.5V Reference and Comparator 30A IQ, SOT-223 Package 50A Quiescent Current 45A IQ, 0.26V Dropout Voltage, SOT-223 Package 4.5A, 0.07 Internal Switch, SO-8 Package 15A IQ, Reverse Battery Protection 500mV Dropout Voltage Drives External PNP Drives External N-Channel MOSFET High Efficiency, OPTI-LOOPTM Compensation 20A Quiescent Current, 20VRMS Noise, SOT-23 Package 25A Quiescent Current, 20VRMS Noise, MSOP Package 30A Quiescent Current, 20VRMS Noise, SO-8 Package 20VRMS Noise, MSOP Package 40VRMS Noise, SOT-223 Package
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