Gis in Transmission and Distribution Sector

GIS process in Transmission and Distribution sectors
H.Bhagavatheeswaran
Roll No.72

GIS implementation in transmission lines
A transmission line is one of essential infrastructures of the power supply system.In the site
evaluation process for those facilities, it is necessary to carefully consider not only technical
issues, but also the impact on natural environment, the influence on local communities, and
various regulations. However, it is getting difficult to find the preferable site for a
transmission line, because of the increasing cost of constructions, the increasing concern on
environmental issues and the growing consciousness of land owners. In addition, the number
of experienced planners and engineers engaged in the siting process is decreasing with
generational changes.

GIS application in Power Transmission Line Siting requires data (Layers) such as:
1) Landuse Landcover map (Landuse Landcover is required to investigate the electric power
of the area under investigation such as industrial requirement residential and municipal
requirement.
2) Locations of transformers using GPS.
3) Dynamic data associated with individual transformer.
4) Distribution of high tension wires line map.
5) Utility analysis and network analysis based on terrain features.
6) To investigate the site as per the requirement of the area concerned taking
into account the power losses during transmission.

In general the process of the planning and design of transmission lines consists of the
following 5 phases Planning, Survey, Basic Route, Detailed Route and Route for
implementation.

Planning:
The master guidelines of route constructions are settled based on the long-range power
supply plan. The outline is determined for each transmission line planned, which includes
voltage, number of lines, starting and ending substations.

Survey
Information about natural environment, geological features, local communities and
regulations in the area of interest etc. is collected in this phase and several alternative routes
are compared in terms of environmental impact, technical issues and cost of construction.

Basic Route:
Basic route is determined by the position of each tower along the proposed routes and
interference of radio wave caused by the transmission line is estimated. All this is done using
a medium scale toposheet.

Detailed Route:
A photogrammetric surveying is performed along the basic route. Based on the results, the
detailed position of each tower is determined in the large scale (1:2,000). And engineering
design process follows, which includes the determination of tower type, tower height and
supporting devices, and the cost estimation.

Route for Implementation:
In this phase, the detailed field surveying is performed along the determined route. The
towers, wires and basement of towers are designed.

GIS implementation in power distribution sector
Consumer Indexing
To start developing a GIS map for power distribution network, a GPS survey becomes
necessary for geo-referencing and mapping the relevant electrical assets on the digital base
map. In some GIS applications, even the consumers are mapped to the corresponding
electricity network. The purpose of such application is to index all the consumers and
categorize the complete consumer database with respect to their unique electrical address.

Digitization process
The digitization of electrical network assets, consumer indexing and network mapping
involves the following steps:
1. GPS survey of electrical consumers and network assets: This involves the
identification of all consumers and their service connections, followed by the
preparation of GIS base map.
2. Digitization of electrical network assets (Substations, Feeders, Transformers
and Poles): Differential GPS is preferred to establish geo-coordinates with
acceptable accuracy.
3. Then the electrical connectivity with reference to the Pole, Transformer, Feeder and
Substation is plotted on the base map.
4. GIS mapping, indexing and codification of electrical consumers and network assets
with defined electrical relationships: This requires collection and updating of data of
consumers along with their electrical connection attributes.
5. Interoperability and data portability: The following utility applications are required to
be integrated with the GIS application:
Customer Information System
Asset Management System
Trouble Call Management System
Utility Billing and Energy Accounting System
Load Flow and Load Growth studies

Gis in Transmission and Distribution Sector

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