KCGG R8551e
KCGG R8551e
Service Manual
R8551E
Pxxxx/EN SS/B11
SAFETY SECTION
Pxxxx/EN SS/B11
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION 3
3.1 Symbols 4
3.2 Labels 4
7.4 Environment 8
8. CE MARKING 8
BLANK PAGE
Pxxxx/EN SS/B11
1. INTRODUCTION
This guide and the relevant operating or service manual documentation for the equipment
provide full information on safe handling, commissioning and testing of this equipment and
also includes descriptions of equipment label markings.
Documentation for equipment ordered from AREVA T&D is despatched separately from
manufactured goods and may not be received at the same time.
Therefore this guide is provided to ensure that printed information normally present on
equipment is fully understood by the recipient.
Before carrying out any work on the equipment the user should be familiar with
the contents of this Safety Guide.
Reference should be made to the external connection diagram before the equipment is
installed, commissioned or serviced.
Language specific, self-adhesive User Interface labels are provided in a bag for some
equipment.
• are familiar with the installation, commissioning, and operation of the equipment and
of the system to which it is being connected;
• are able to safely perform switching operations in accordance with accepted safety
engineering practices and are authorised to energize and de-energize equipment
and to isolate, ground, and label it;
• are trained in the care and use of safety apparatus in accordance with safety
engineering practices;
3.1 Symbols
*NOTE: THE TERM EARTH USED THROUGHOUT THIS GUIDE IS THE DIRECT
EQUIVALENT OF THE NORTH AMERICAN TERM GROUND.
3.2 Labels
See "Safety Guide" (SFTY/4L M) for equipment labelling information.
DANGER - CTs must NOT be fused since open circuiting them may
produce lethal hazardous voltages.
7.4 Environment
The equipment is intended for indoor installation and use only. If it is required for use in an
outdoor environment then it must be mounted in a specific cabinet or housing which will
enable it to meet the requirements of IEC 60529 with the classification of degree of
protection IP54 (dust and splashing water protected).
8. CE MARKING
Compliance with all relevant European
Marking Community directives:
Where applicable :
BLANK PAGE
SERVICE MANUAL R8551D
KCGG 122, 142 Contents
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242
KCEU 142, 242
SAFETY SECTION
THIS MUST BE READ BEFORE ANY WORK IS CARRIED OUT ON THE RELAY
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 2 HANDLING AND INSTALLATION
CHAPTER 3 RELAY DESCRIPTION
CHAPTER 4 APPLICATION OF PROTECTION FUNCTIONS
CHAPTER 5 MEASUREMENT AND RECORDS
CHAPTER 6 SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS
CHAPTER 7 TECHNICAL DATA
CHAPTER 8 COMMISSIONING
APPENDIX 1 RELAY CHARACTERISTIC CURVES
APPENDIX 2 LOGIC DIAGRAMS
APPENDIX 3 CONNECTION DIAGRAMS
APPENDIX 4 COMMISSIONING TEST RECORD
Page 2
SAFETY SECTION
*Note: The term earth used throughout the product documentation is the direct
equivalent of the North American term ground.
Page 3
Before energising the equipment it must be earthed using the protective earth
terminal, or the appropriate termination of the supply plug in the case of plug
connected equipment. Omitting or disconnecting the equipment earth may cause a
safety hazard.
The recommended minimum earth wire size is 2.5 mm2, unless otherwise stated in
the technical data section of the product documentation.
Before energising the equipment, the following should be checked:
Voltage rating and polarity;
CT circuit rating and integrity of connections;
Protective fuse rating;
Integrity of earth connection (where applicable)
Page 4
Older Products
Electrical adjustments
Equipments which require direct physical adjustments to their operating mechanism
to change current or voltage settings, should have the electrical power removed
before making the change, to avoid any risk of electric shock.
Mechanical adjustments
The electrical power to the relay contacts should be removed before checking any
mechanical settings, to avoid any risk of electric shock.
Draw out case relays
Removal of the cover on equipment incorporating electromechanical operating
elements, may expose hazardous live parts such as relay contacts.
Insertion and withdrawal of extender cards
When using an extender card, this should not be inserted or withdrawn from the
equipment whilst it is energised. This is to avoid possible shock or damage
hazards. Hazardous live voltages may be accessible on the extender card.
Insertion and withdrawal of heavy current test plugs
When using a heavy current test plug, CT shorting links must be in place before
insertion or removal, to avoid potentially lethal voltages.
Page 5
Technical Specifications
Protective fuse rating
The recommended maximum rating of the external protective fuse for this
equipment is 16A, Red Spot type or equivalent, unless otherwise stated in the
technical data section of the product documentation.
Page 6
Types KCGG 122, 142,
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 and
KCEU 142, 242
Overcurrent and Directional Overcurrent
Relays
Service Manual
Chapter 1
Introduction
SERVICE MANUAL R8551D
KCGG 122, 142, Chapter 1
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242, Contents
KCEU 142, 242
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. USING THE MANUAL 1
3. AN INTRODUCTION TO K RELAYS 2
4. MODELS AVAILABLE 3
5. AVAILABILITY OF MAIN FEATURES 4
SERVICE MANUAL R8551D
KCGG 122, 142, Chapter 1
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242, Page 1 of 4
KCEU 142, 242
Section 1. INTRODUCTION
The following table lists the features that vary between models
Feature KCGG KCGG KCGG KCEG KCEG KCEG KCEG KCEU KCEU
122 142 01 142 02* 112 142 152 242 142 242
Protection
Overcurrent ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
Earth fault ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
Directional overcurrent ● ● ● ●
Directional earth fault ● ● ● ● ● ●
Underfrequency ● ● ● ● ●
Undervoltage ● ● ● ●
Thermal overload ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
Wattmetric ● ●
Measurement
Frequency ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
Current ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
Voltage ● ● ● ●
Single phase power ● ●
Three phase power ● ● ● ●
Thermal ammeter(s) ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
Thermal demand(s) ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
Thermal state ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
CB operations ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
CB contact duty ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
Programmable Inputs/Outputs
Logic inputs 3 8 3 3 8 8 8 8 8
Output relays 4 8 4 4 8 8 8 8 8
* The fully functionality KCGG 142 01 relay is also available as a KCGG 142 02
with reduced I/O.
Types KCGG 122, 142,
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 and
KCEU 142, 242
Overcurrent and Directional Overcurrent
Relays
Service Manual
Chapter 2
Handling and Installation
SERVICE MANUAL R8551C
KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 2
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Contents
KCEU 142, 242
1. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1
1.1 Receipt of relays 1
1.2 Electrostatic discharge (ESD) 1
2. HANDLING OF ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT 1
3. RELAY MOUNTING 2
4. UNPACKING 2
5. STORAGE 3
SERVICE MANUAL R8551C
KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 2
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 1 of 3
KCEU 142, 242
Section 4. UNPACKING
Care must be taken when unpacking and installing the relays so that none of the
parts is damaged or the settings altered. Relays must only be handled by skilled
persons. The installation should be clean, dry and reasonably free from dust and
excessive vibration. The site should be well lit to facilitate inspection. Relays that
have been removed from their cases should not be left in situations where they are
exposed to dust or damp. This particularly applies to installations which are being
carried out at the same time as construction work.
SERVICE MANUAL R8551C
KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 2
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 3 of 3
KCEU 142, 242
Section 5. STORAGE
If relays are not to be installed immediately upon receipt they should be stored in a
place free from dust and moisture in their original cartons. Where de-humidifier
bags have been included in the packing they should be retained. The action of the
de-humidifier crystals will be impaired if the bag has been exposed to ambient
conditions and may be restored by gently heating the bag for about an hour, prior
to replacing it in the carton.
Dust which collects on a carton may, on subsequent unpacking, find its way into
the relay; in damp conditions the carton and packing may become impregnated
with moisture and the de-humifier will lose its efficiency.
Storage temperature –25°C to +70°C.
Types KCGG 122, 142,
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 and
KCEU 142, 242
Overcurrent and Directional Overcurrent
Relays
Service Manual
Chapter 3
Relay Description
SERVICE MANUAL R8551D
KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 3
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Contents
KCEU 142, 242
1. RELAY DESCRIPTION 1
2. USER INTERFACE 2
2.1 Frontplate layout 2
2.2 LED indications 3
2.3 Keypad 3
2.4 Liquid crystal display 3
2.5 Flag display format 3
3. MENU SYSTEM 5
3.1 Default display 5
3.2 Accessing the menu 5
3.3 Menu contents 6
3.4 Menu columns 6
3.5 System data 7
3.6 Fault records 8
3.7 Measurements 1 8
3.8 Measurements 2 8
3.9 Measurements 3 9
3.10 Earth fault 1 9
3.11 Phase fault 1 10
3.12 Earth fault 2 11
3.13 Phase fault 2 12
3.14 Logic 13
3.15 Input masks 14
3.16 Relay masks 14
3.17 Recorder 15
4. CHANGING TEXT AND SETTINGS 17
4.1 Quick guide to menu controls 17
4.2 To enter setting mode 18
4.3 To escape from the setting mode 18
4.4 To accept the new setting 18
4.5 Password protection 19
4.6 Entering passwords 19
4.7 Changing passwords 19
4.8 Restoration of password protection 20
4.9 Entering text 20
4.10 Changing function links 20
4.11 Changing setting values 20
4.12 Setting communication address 21
4.13 Setting input masks 21
4.14 Setting output masks 21
4.15 Resetting values and records 21
4.16 Resetting trip LED indication 22
SERVICE MANUAL R8551D
KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 3
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Contents
KCEU 142, 242
5. EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS 22
5.1 Auxiliary supply 23
5.2 Dual powered relays 23
5.3 Logic control inputs 23
5.4 Analogue inputs 24
5.5 Output relays 25
5.6 Ouput relay minimum dwell time 25
5.7 Setting the relay with a PC or laptop 25
6. ALARM FLAGS 25
The KCGG, KCEG and KCEU relays use numerical techniques to derive protection
and control functions. They can have up to eight multiplexed analogue inputs,
sampled eight times per power frequency cycle. The Fourier derived power
frequency component returns the rms value of the measured quantity. To ensure
optimum performance, frequency tracking is used. The channel that is tracked is
chosen on a priority basis, Va, Vb, Vc, Ia, Ib, Ic. Frequency tracking is not
employed on the residual voltage, or current to ensure the maximum harmonic
rejection. In the absence of a signal to frequency track, the sampling frequency
defaults to the rated frequency of the power system.
Up to eight output relays can be programmed to respond to any of the protection
or control functions and up to eight logic inputs can be allocated to control
functions. The logic inputs are filtered to ensure that induced AC current in the
external wiring to these inputs does not cause an incorrect response. Software links
further enable the user to customise the product for their own particular
applications. They select/interconnect the various protection and control elements
and replace the interconnections that were previously used between the cases of
relays that provided discrete protection or control functions.
The relays are powered from either a DC or an AC auxiliary supply which is
transformed by a wide ranging DC/DC converter within the relay. This provides
the electronic circuits with regulated and galvanically isolated supply rails.
The power supply also provides a regulated and isolated field voltage to energise
the logic inputs.
The dual powered version of the relay draws its energising supply from the current
transformers in the absence of an auxiliary voltage supply. This makes it suitable
for application where the auxiliary supply is not reliable or not available. They can
be used in shunt trip, capacitor discharge and AC series trip arrangements.
An interface on the front of the relay allows the user to navigate through the menu
to access data, change settings and reset flags, etc. As an alternative the relays
can be connected to a computer via their serial communication ports and the menu
accessed on-line. This provides a more friendly and intuitive method of setting the
relay, as it allows a whole column of data to be displayed at one time instead of
just a single menu cell. Computer programs are also available that enable setting
files to be generated off-line and these files can then be downloaded to the relay
via the serial port.
In addition to protection and control functions the relays can display all the values
that it measures and many additional ones that it calculates. They also store useful
time stamped data for post fault analysis in fault records, event records and
disturbance records. This data is available via a serial communication port for
access locally and/or remotely with a computer. The fault records, event records
and disturbance records can be extracted automatically via the serial port and
values can be polled periodically to determine trends. Remote control actions can
also be made and to this end many K Range relays have been integrated into
SCADA systems.
K Range relays provide the user with the flexibility to customise the relay for their
particular applications. They provide many additional features that would be
expensive to produce on an individual basis and, when the low installation costs
are taken into account, it will be seen to provide an economic solution for
protection and control.
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KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 3
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 2 of 26
KCEU 142, 242
The front plate of the relay provides a man machine interface providing the user
with a means of entering settings to the relay displaying measured values, fault
records and alarms. The series 2 relays have additional graphics to assist the user.
The area in which the fault flags are displayed is divided up to denote the area
associated with each phase and there is a marked position for the appropriate
phase colours to be marked and for labels to be affixed to denote the use of the
three overcurrent stages and the three auxiliary timers.
2.1 Frontplate layout
Model number
Relay types
KCGG14200102125
KCGG142 No P967701
Serial number
Liquid SETTING GROUP
FAULT No
A B
crystal
F n _ 2 G2 A _ _ * B _ _ * V <
display
AU X 2 C* N BT
F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
AUX TIMER C
AUX 1
AUX 2
STAGE 1
STAGE 2
*
Ð*
Digit identifiers
AUX 3 STAGE 3 ÐÐ*
Flag identifiers
ALARM TRIP
HEALTHY
Entry keys
LED indicators
F + - 0
Ratings
In 1 A V 110/125 V
Vn 110 V 50/60 Hz
The frontplate of the relay carries a liquid crystal display LCD on which data such
as settings and measured values can be viewed. The data is accessed through a
menu system. The four keys [F]; [+]; [–] and [0] are used to move around the menu,
select the data to be accessed and enter settings. Three light emitting diodes (LEDs)
indicate alarm, healthy and trip conditions.
A label at the top corner identifies the relay by both its model number and serial
number. This information uniquely specifies the product and is required when
making any enquiry to the factory about a particular relay. In addition there is a
rating label in the bottom corner which gives details of the auxiliary voltage,
reference voltage (directional relays only) and current ratings. Two handles, one at
the top and one at the bottom of the frontplate, will assist in removing the module
from the case.
SERVICE MANUAL R8551D
KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 3
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 3 of 26
KCEU 142, 242
an earth fault. Alternatively a coloured disc may be stuck over the circles to
indicate the phases by colour eg. red, yellow and blue. There are four characters
on the display associated with each of these four areas to flag operation of the
start and operation of the three overcurrent stages for that phase.
SETTING GROUP
A B
FAULT No
F n _ 2G2 A _ _ * B _ _ * V<
AU X 2 C* N BT
F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
AUX TIMER C
AUX 1 STAGE 1
*
AUX 2 STAGE 2
Ð*
AUX 3 STAGE 3 Ð Ð*
ALARM TRIP
HEALTHY
Consider the four digits above the circle marked |©|. If the relay trips during a
fault involving phase C then the first digit will be the letter C to indicate the current
exceeded the I> threshold and that the protection has started. The next three
characters are flags for each of the three overcurrent stages (t>, t>>, t>>>)
associated with that phase (phase C in this example) and an asterisk (*) will be
displayed for the stage or stages that have operated.
Thus:
C would indicate that a current above the I> setting had been detected by
the phase C element during the fault (START condition).
C* would indicate the first overcurrent stage (t>) had operated
C_* would indicate the second stage (t>>) had timed out
C__* would indicate t>>> had timed out – third overcurrent stage
C*_* would indicate that both t> and t>>> had timed out
Flag information is similarly provided for the other two phases and for earth faults.
The six digits at the left-hand side of the display on the bottom line identify the
auxiliary functions AUX1, AUX2, AUX3 as AUX123. Two printed panels below the
display may be used to indicate the function of each of the three auxiliary functions
and those of the three main overcurrent functions respectively. The appropriate pre-
printed labels can be affixed in these two areas.
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KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 5 of 26
KCEU 142, 242
The two characters at the extreme right-hand end of the top line of the display will
indicate V< when the undervoltage element has operated. Operation of the
breaker failure protection is indicated by the letter ‘B’ and operation of the thermal
element by the letter “T” immediately below the V<. For indication of a local/
remote trip via relay RLY7 the ‘B’ is replaced by an ‘R’. Where ‘B’ and ‘R’ are both
valid, ‘B’ is given priority.
Data within the relays is accessed via a menu table. The table is comprised of cells
arranged in rows and columns, like a spreadsheet. A cell may contain text values
limits or functions. The first cell in a column, the column heading, contains text
identifying the data grouped under it in that column.
3.1 Default display
The selected default display will normally show on the LCD and a momentary press
of the function key [F] will change the display to the heading for the first column,
SYSTEM DATA. Further momentary presses of the [F] key will step down the
column, row by row, so that data may be read. If at any time the [F] key is pressed
and held for one second the cursor will be moved to the top of the next column
and the heading for that column will be displayed. Further momentary presses of
the [F] key will then move down the new column, row by row.
A new feature is that pressing the [F] and [0] keys together and holding for one
second can be used to step back up the menu column. A short press of the [0] key
will switch on the back light for the LCD without changing the display in any way.
In this way the full menu may be scanned with just the [F] and [0] keys that are
accessible with the relay cover in place, and reset actions can be effected.
Following a protection trip red trip LED will be lit. The display will change
automatically from the default display to that of the fault flags for the last fault.
Whilst the fault flags are displayed the trip LED can be reset by holding down the
[0] for at least one second. The trip LED will be reset and the display will change to
the default display that was last selected. The flag information will not be lost by
this action, it can still be accessed under FAULT RECORDS.
The display will not default to the flag information if the user interface is in use at
the time. The default display will return 15 minutes after the last key press, or it can
be selected more quickly by moving to any column heading and then pressing the
[0] key for 1 second. The selected default display will appear unless there has
been a fault when the fault flags will be displayed. It is possible to step through the
available default displays by momentary presses of the reset key [0].
3.2 Accessing the menu
The only settings which can be changed with the cover in place are those that can
be reset either to zero or some preset value. To change any other settings the cover
must be removed from the relay to gain access to the [+] and [–] keys that are used
to increment or decrement a value. When a column heading is displayed the [–]
key will change the display to the next column and the [+] key will change the
display to the previous column, giving a faster selection.
When a cell that can be changed is displayed the action of pressing either the [+]
or [–] keys will put the relay in setting mode (indicated by a flashing cursor in the
display). To escape from the setting mode without making any change the [0] key
SERVICE MANUAL R8551D
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KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 6 of 26
KCEU 142, 242
should be depressed for one second. Section 4 gives instructions for changing the
various types of settings.
Password protection is provided for the configuration settings of the relay because
an accidental change could seriously affect the ability of the relay to perform its
intended functions. Configuration settings include the selection of time curves,
function links, CT and VT ratios, opto-input and relay output allocation. Individual
protection settings are protected from change when the relay cover is in place.
3.3 Menu contents
Related data and settings are grouped in separate columns of the menu.
Each column has a text heading (in capital letters) that identifies the data contained
in that column. Each cell may contain text, values, limits and/or a function.
The cells are referenced by the column number/row number. For example 0201 is
column 02, row 01. When a cell is displayed the four characters at the top left
hand corner of the LCD indicate the column number and row number in the menu
table.
The full menu is given in the following tables, but not all the items listed will be
available in a particular relay. For example, a single pole earth fault relay would
not display any phase fault settings and a non-directional relay would not display
any settings associated with the directional feature. Those cells that do not provide
any useful purpose are not made available in the factory configuration.
Certain settings will disappear from the menu when the user de-selects them; the
alternative setting group is a typical example. If group 2 settings have not been
enabled then the menu columns EARTH FLT 2 and PHASE FLT 2 will be hidden and
make them visible, the system data link SD4 must be set to ‘1’. This note is included
at this time to explain why some of the items listed below may not appear in the
menu for a relay that is being compared with the full list.
3.4 Menu columns
The menu tables shown below are for KCEG directional overcurrent and earth fault
protection relays, unless otherwise stated. The directional elements shown in the
menu tables are not available in KCGG relays.
Column Heading Description
Number
00 SYSTEM DATA Settings and data for the system - relay and
serial communications
01 FLT RECORDS Fault records for the last five faults
02 MEASURE 1 Directly measured quantities (V & I etc.)
03 MEASURE 2 Calculated quantities (W & VAR etc.)
04 MEASURE 3 Calculated (additional)
05 EARTH FLT 1 Earth fault protection settings – group 1
06 PHASE FLT 1 Phase fault protection settings – group 1
07 EARTH FLT 2 Earth fault protection settings – group 2
08 PHASE FLT 2 Phase fault protection settings – group 2
09 LOGIC Settings for miscellaneous functions used
in the logic
0A INPUT MASKS User assigned allocation of logic input
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KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 7 of 26
KCEU 142, 242
3.7 Measurements 1
Display Status Description
0200 MEASURE 1 READ Column heading
0201 Ia READ Measured current in phase A
0202 Ib READ Measured current in phase B
0203 Ic READ Measured current in phase C
0204 Io READ Measured residual current
0205 Vab READ Measured line voltage Vab
0206 Vbc READ Measured line voltage Vbc
0207 Vca READ Measured line voltage Vca
0208 Va READ Measured phase voltage Va
(not available on KCEU relays)
0209 Vb READ Measured phase voltage Vb
(not available on KCEU relays)
020A Vc READ Measured phase voltage Vc
(not available on KCEU relays)
020B Vo READ Measured residual voltage Vo
020C F READ Measured power system frequency F
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KCEU 142, 242
3.8 Measurements 2
Display Status Description
0300 MEASURE 2 READ Column heading
0301 3W READ Three phase active power
0302 3VA READ Three phase apparent power
0303 3VAr READ Three phase reactive power
0304 Imax READ Highest of the three phase currents measured – not a
peak demand value
0309 Wa READ Active power in phase A
(not available on KCEU relays)
030A Wb READ Active power in phase B
(not available on KCEU relays)
030B Wc READ Active power in phase C
(not available on KCEU relays)
030C PowerFactor READ Power factor – three phase
030D VARa READ Reactive power in phase A
(not available on KCEU relays)
030E VARb READ Reactive power in phase B
(not available on KCEU relays)
030F VARc READ Reactive power in phase C
(not available on KCEU relays)
0310 Sum (ops) PWP Number of circuit breaker operations
0311 CBdutyA PWP Sum of I, or I2 broken by phase A of circuit breaker
0312 CBdutyB PWP Sum of I, or I2 broken by phase B of circuit breaker
0313 CBdutyC PWP Sum of I, or I2 broken by phase C of circuit breaker
031E Power mode PWP Sets the convention used for signing the direction of
measured power flow
3.9 Measurements 3
Display Status Description
0400 MEASURE 3 READ Column heading
0404 IthA READ Thermal ammeter reading in phase A
0405 IthB READ Thermal ammeter reading in phase B
0406 IthC READ Thermal ammeter reading in phase C
0407 Thermal PWP Thermal state (%)
040A Pk IthA PWP Peak thermal ammeter reading in phase A – demand
value
040B Pk IthB PWP Peak thermal ammeter reading in phase B – demand
value
040C Pk IthC PWP Peak thermal ammeter reading in phase C – demand
value
0706 to>/TMS SET Time multiplier setting that will be used with a
selected inverse time curve
0707 to>/DT SET Time delay that will be effective when the definite time
characteristic is selected
0708 toRESET SET Hold time for which the current must remain below
Io> before the timer resets to zero
0709 Io>> SET Current setting for second earth fault stage
070A to>> SET Time delay for second earth fault stage
070B Io>>> SET Current setting for third earth fault stage
070C to>>> SET Time delay for third earth fault stage
070D Char Angle SET Characteristic angle setting for earth fault directional
element
070E Io< SET Setting for earth fault undercurrent element
070F Vop> SET Setting for minimum polarising voltage below which
the directional element is blocked
0710 Po> SET Wattmetric power threshold
(only available on KCEU relays)
0806 t>/TMS SET Time multiplier setting that will be used with a
selected inverse time curve
0807 t>/DT SET Time delay that will be effective when the definite time
characteristic is selected
0808 tRESET SET Hold time for which the current must remain below I>
before the timer resets to zero
0809 I>> SET Current setting for second overcurrent stage
080A t>> SET Time delay for second overcurrent stage
080B I>>> SET Current setting for third overcurrent stage
080C t>>> SET Time delay for third overcurrent stage
080D Char Angle SET Characteristic angle seting for overcurrent directional
element
080E I< SET Setting for phase fault undercurrent element
080F V< SET Setting for undervoltage element
0810 tV< SET Definite time delay for undervoltage feature
0811 F< SET Setting for underfrequency
(not available on KCEU relays)
0812 th>Alarm SET Thermal alarm level (%)
0813 Ith>Trip SET Thermal current rating (trip level = 100%)
0814 TC SET Setting for thermal time constant
3.14 Logic
Display Status Description
0900 LOGIC READ Column heading
0901 LOG Links PWP Software links that are used to select the available
optional logic functions
0 CB Rec 1 = enable CB operations and contact duty registers
to be incremented
1 CB1*I = 0 1 = CB contact proportional to I;
0 = CB contact duty proportional to I2
2 BF blk strt 1 = enables the start outputs to be reset when
breaker failure protection operates
3 tAUX2 = I< 1 = tAUX2 initiated by undercurrent in all three
phases
4 tAUX2=/Io< 1 = tAUX2 initiated when the earth fault current
exceeds the Io< setting
5 tAUX3 Grp2 1 = tAUX3 selects setting grp2
6 tAUX2-tAUX3 1 = enables the pick up of tAUX3 to be delayed by
tAUX2
7 Latch Strt 1 = start latches fault flags and generate fault record
8 Hold Grp2 1 = selects and holds the grp2 settings operational
9 Rst CBclose 1 = enables a circuit breaker trip to reset the close
pulse timer
A Log Rly7 1 = enable relay 7 to initiate fault records
B tAUX3=DDO 1 = tAUX3 is delayed on drop-off
0 = tAUX3 is delayed on pick-up
0902 tBF SET Breaker failure protection time delay setting
0903 tAUX1 SET Auxiliary timer 1 setting
0904 tAUX2 SET Auxiliary timer 2 setting
0905 tAUX3 SET Auxiliary timer 3 setting
0906 tTRIP SET Trip pulse time setting
0907 tCLOSE SET Close pulse time setting
0908 CB ops> SET Alarm 1 setting for excessive circuit breaker operations
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0909 CB duty> SET Alarm 1 setting for excessive circuit breaker contact
duty
090F Display SET Default display that is selected on power-up
0 Manufact Manufacturer’s name
1 Descript Description of product
2 Plant Plant reference
3 Thermal Thermal State (%)
4 IthA B C Thermal ammeter readings for each of the three
phases
5 Ia Ib Ic Instantaneous reading of phase currents (prospective
value of thermal ammeter)
6 Ia Io Vab Vo Line current and voltage plus residual current and
voltage
7 kW kVAr Active and reactive three phase power
0B03 to> PWP First stage time delayed earth fault output
0B04 to>> PWP Second stage time delayed earth fault output
0B05 to>>> PWP Third stage time delayed earth fault output
0B06 I> Fwd PWP Overcurrent forward start (non directional start for non
directional relays)
0B07 I> Rev PWP Overcurrent reverse start (only available when
directionalised)
0B08 tA> PWP First stage time delayed overcurrent output for
phase A
0B09 tB> PWP First stage time delayed overcurrent output for
phase B
0B0A tC> PWP First stage time delayed overcurrent output for
phase C
0B0B t>> PWP Second stage time delayed overcurrent output
0B0C t>>> PWP Third stage time delayed overcurrent output
0B0D CB Trip PWP Trip pulse output
0B0E CB Close PWP Close pulse output
0B0F CB Fail PWP Breaker fail output for initiation of back tripping
0B10 Aux 1 PWP Output from the auxiliary 1 time delayed function
0B11 Aux2 PWP Output from the auxiliary 2 time delayed function
0B12 Aux3 PWP Output from the auxiliary 3 time delayed function
0B13 tV< PWP Undervoltage time delayed output
0B14 Level 1 PWP Output in response to command to load shed to
level 1 (not available on KCEU relays)
0B15 Level 2 PWP Output in response to command to load shed to
level 2 (not available on KCEU relays)
0B16 Level 3 PWP Output in response to command to load shed to
level 3 (not available on KCEU relays)
0B17 thAlarm PWP Thermal overload alarm
0B18 thTrip PWP Thermal overload trip
0B19 CB Alarm PWP Alarm for circuit breaker maintenance
3.17 Recorder
Display Status Description
0C00 RECORDER READ Column heading
0C01 Control SET Manual stop/start control (running = started;
triggered = stopped)
0C02 Capture SET Select the functions to be captured: magnitudes/
phase angles/samples
0C03 Post trigger SET Select the number of samples recorded after the
trigger (1 to 511)
0C04 Logic trig SET Select the logic input to trigger the recorder
(0 to 7 pick-up or drop-off)
0 +Opto0 Trigger in response to energisation of logic input L0
1 +Opto1 Trigger in response to energisation of logic input L1
2 +Opto2 Trigger in response to energisation of logic input L2
3 +Opto3 Trigger in response to energisation of logic input L3
4 +Opto4 Trigger in response to energisation of logic input L4
5 +Opto5 Trigger in response to energisation of logic input L5
6 +Opto6 Trigger in response to energisation of logic input L6
7 +Opto7 Trigger in response to energisation of logic input L7
8 –Opto0 Trigger in response to de-energisation of logic
input L0
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Settings and text in certain cells of the menu can be changed via the user
interface. To do this the cover must be removed from the front of the relay so that
the [+] and [–] keys can be accessed.
4.1 Quick guide to menu controls
Quick guide to menu control with the four keys
The actions shown in the shaded area can only be performed when the cover is
removed.
[F] long means press F key and hold for longer than 1s
[F] short means press F key and hold for less than 1s
[F] means press the F key length of time does not change the response
4.2 To enter setting mode
Give the [F] key a momentary press to change from the selected default display
and switch on the back-light; the heading SYSTEM DATA will be displayed.
Use the [+] and [–] keys, or a long press of the [F] key, to select the column
containing the setting, or text that is to be changed. Then with the [F] key step
down the column until the contents of that cell are displayed. Press the [+] key to
put the relay into the setting mode. Setting mode will be indicated by a flashing
cursor on the bottom line of the display. If the cell is read-only, or password
protected, then the cursor will not appear and the relay will not be in the setting
mode.
4.3 To escape from the setting mode
IMPORTANT! If at any time you wish to escape from the setting mode without
making a change to the contents of the selected cell: Hold the [0] key depressed
for 1s, the original setting will be returned and the relay will exit the setting mode.
4.4 To accept the new setting
Press the [F] key until the confirmation display appears:
Are you sure?
+ = YES – = NO
Press the [0] key if you decide not to make any change.
Press the [–] key if you want to further modify the data before entry.
Press the [+] key to accept the change. This will terminate the setting mode.
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Note: Make sure the new password has been written down before it is entered
and that the password being entered agrees with the written copy before
accepting it. If the new password is not entered correctly you may be
denied access in the future. If the password is lost a back-up password
unique to that relay can be provided from the factory, or certain agents, if
the serial number of the product is quoted.
4.8 Restoration of password protection
Password protection is reinstated when the alarm LED stops flashing. This will occur
fifteen minutes after the last key press. To restore the password protection without
waiting for the fifteen minute time-out, select the password cell or any column
heading and hold the reset key [0] depressed for 1s. The alarm LED will cease to
flash to indicate the password protection is restored.
4.9 Entering text
Enter the setting mode as described in Section 4.2 and move the cursor with the [F]
key to where the text is to be entered or changed. Then using the [+] and [–] keys,
select the character to be displayed. The [F] key may then be used to move the
cursor to the position of the next character and so on. Follow the instructions in
Section 4.4 to exit from the setting change.
4.10 Changing function links
Select the column heading required and step down to the function links “SD Links”,
“EF Links”, “PF Links”, or “LOG Links” and press either the [+] or [–] to put the
relay in a setting change mode. A cursor will flash on the bottom line at the
extreme left position. This is link “F”; as indicated by the character printed on the
frontplate under the display.
Press the [F] key to step along the row of links, one link at a time, until some text
appears on the top line that describes the function of a link. The [+] key will
change the link to a “1” to select the function and the [–] key will change it to a
“0” to deselect it. Follow the instructions in Section 4.4 to accept the setting
change.
Not all links can be set, some being factory selected and locked. The links that are
locked in this way are usually those for functions that are not supported by a
particular relay, when they will be set to “0”. Merely moving the cursor past a link
position does not change it in any way.
4.11 Changing setting values
Move through the menu until the cell that is to be edited is displayed. Press the [+]
or [–] key to put the relay into the setting change mode. A cursor will flash in the
extreme left hand position on the bottom line of the display to indicate that the
relay is ready to have the setting changed. The value will be incremented in single
steps by each momentary press of the [+] key, or if the [+] key is held down the
value will be incremented with increasing rapidity until the key is released.
Similarly the [–] key can be used to decrement the value. Follow the instructions in
Section 4.4 to exit from the setting change.
Note: When entering CT RATIO or VT RATIO the overall ratio should be entered,
ie. 2000/5A CT has an overall ratio of 400:1. With rated current applied
the relay will display 5A when CT RATIO has the default value of 1:1 and
when the ratio is set to 400:1 the displayed value will be 400 x 5 =
2000A.
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Note: All relays have standard Midos terminal blocks to which connections can
be made with either 4mm screws or 4.8mm pre-insulated snap-on
connectors. Two connections can be made to each terminal.
5.1 Auxiliary supply
The auxiliary voltage may be DC or AC provided it is within the limiting voltages
for the particular relay. The voltage range will be found on the frontplate of the
relay; it is marked Vx = (24V – 125V) or (48V – 250V). An ideal supply to use for
testing the relays will be 50V DC or 110V AC because these values fall within
both of the auxiliary voltage ranges.
The supply should be connected to terminals 13 and 14 only. To avoid any
confusion it is recommended that the polarity of any applied voltage is kept to the
Midos standard:
– for dc supplies the positive lead connected to terminal 13 and the negative to
terminal 14
– for ac supplies the live lead is connected to terminal 13 and the neutral lead to
terminal 14.
5.2 Dual powered relays
Dual powered relays derive power from the current transformer circuit and may be
used with this power source alone. However, the application of an auxiliary DC or
AC voltage will enable lower earth fault settings to be used, also settings to be
applied and data to be read when the load current is insufficient to power the
relay. It will also allow communications to be maintained at such times.
When powered from the CT circuit alone the 48V field voltage will be available to
power the opto-isolated control inputs when the protection starts up. The phase
fault current setting range is limited to the minimum current levels at which the
power requirements of the relay can be maintained. See Technical Data,
Chapter 7. This model of relay is rated for an auxiliary voltage
Vx = (100V to 250V).
Note: The capacitance discharge circuit is not isolated from the auxiliary supply
and to prevent the relay from being damaged, no external ground
connection should be made to this circuit.
5.3 Logic control inputs
There are a number of logic control inputs to the relay that are optically coupled to
provide galvanic isolation between the external and internal circuits. They are
rated at 48V and the power supply within the relay provides an isolated field
voltage to energise them. This arrangement keeps the power consumption of these
inputs to a minimum and ensures that they always have a supply to energise them
when the relay is operational. This is particularly important for the dual powered
relay when there is no auxiliary supply voltage available and the relay is
energised by the current from the line current transformers.
Software filtering is applied to prevent induced AC signals in the external wiring
causing operation of logic inputs. This is achieved by sampling the logic inputs
eight times per cycle and five consecutive samples have to indicate that the input is
energised in a positive sense before it is accepted. This ensures that the inputs are
relatively immune to spurious operation from induced AC signals in the wiring.
The capture time is:
12 ±2.5ms at 50Hz
10.4 ±2.1ms at 60Hz (not available on KCEU relays)
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Note: These inputs will not capture a fleeting contact unless it dwells in the closed
state for a time exceeding the above values.
The opto-isolated logic control inputs are divided into two groups. Three (L0, L1,
L2) have their common connection on terminal 52 and are fitted to the KCGG 142
02 relay and relays with no more than two analogue inputs. The remainder (L3,
L4, L5, L6, L7) have their common connection on terminal 55 and are fitted to
relays with 8 opto inputs. When they are to be energised from the field voltage
then terminals 52 and 55 must be connected to terminal 8, the negative of the field
voltage. The logic inputs can then be energised by connecting a volt free contact
between the positive of the field voltage, terminal 7, and the terminal for the
appropriate logic input.
The circuit for each opto-isolated input contains a blocking diode to protect it from
any damage that may result from the application of voltage with incorrect polarity.
Where the opto-isolated input of more than one relay is to be controlled by the
same contact it will be necessary to connect terminal 7 of each relay together to
form a common line. In the example circuit below, contact X operates L1 of relay 1
and contact Y operates L0 of relay 1 as well as L0 and L1 of relay 2. There are no
connections made to L2 as it is not used on either relay.
The logic inputs can be separated into two isolated groups when it is necessary to
energise some from the station battery. The logic inputs are rated at 48V and it will
be necessary to connect an external resistor in series with the input if the battery is
of higher rated voltage. The value of this resistor should be 2.4ký for every
additional 10V.
The field voltage is not earthed and has insulation rated for 2kV for 1 minute.
Thus if necessary the positive terminal of the field voltage could be connected to
the positive terminal on the external battery. Also the two separate groups of logic
inputs could be energised from separate batteries.
5.4 Analogue inputs
The relays can have up to eight analogue inputs, two on the microprocessor board
and six on the auxiliary expansion board. Each is fed via an input transducer, a
low pass filter and a three range scaling amplifier. The analogue signals are
sampled eight times per cycle on each channel as the sampling rate tracks the
frequency of the input signal.
The wide setting range provided on the auxiliary powered version of the relays is
sufficient to enable the 5A version of the relay to operate from either 1A or 5A
current transformers and this version of the relay can be used where dual rated
relays are specified. Alternatively, the wide setting range makes the relay suitable
for use on circuit breakers that may be applied to a wide range of load circuit
ratings with only one current transformer ratio. For example a circuit breaker rated
at 2kA and fitted with current transformers rated at 2000/10A (or 2000/2A) and
relays rated at 5A (or 1A) could be applied to circuits with load ratings from 100A
to 2000A.
The dual powered relays have a narrower setting range and must be used with
current transformers that match their current rating. Thermal dissipation is the
limitation for the upper end of the setting range and the energy required to power
the relay is the limitation at the lower end. When the relay is powered from an
additional auxiliary voltage source, earth fault settings can be applied below that
at which the relay can derive sufficient power from the CTs. For this reason the
earth fault setting range has not been restricted.
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A full list of the alarm flags will be found in Section 3.3 and is located in cell 0022
of the SYSTEM DATA column of the menu. They consist of nine characters that may
be either “1” or “0” to indicate the set and reset states respectively. The control
keys perform for this menu cell in the same way as they do for function links.
The cell is selected with the function key [F] and the relay then put in the setting
mode by pressing the [+] key to display the cursor. The cursor will then be stepped
through the alarm word from left to right with each press of the [F] key and text
identifying the alarm bit selected will be displayed.
The only alarm flag that can be manually set is the bit 6, the watchdog test flag.
When this flag is set to “1” the watchdog relay will change state and the green
LED will extinguish.
When any alarm flag is set the alarm LED will be continuously lit. However, there is
another form of alarm condition that will cause the alarm LED to flash and this
indicates that the password has been entered to allow access to change protected
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settings within the relay. This is not generally available as a remote alarm and it
does not generate an alarm flag.
Note: No control will be possible via the key pad if the “unconfigured” alarm is
raised because the relay will be locked in a non-operate state.
Types KCGG 122, 142
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 and
KCEU 142, 242
Overcurrent and Directional Overcurrent
Relays
Service Manual
Chapter 4
Application of Protection Functions
SERVICE MANUAL R8551D
KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 4
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Contents
KCEU 142, 242
1. CONFIGURATION 1
1.1 Configuring the relay 1
1.2 Default configuration 2
2. CHANGING THE CONFIGURATION OF THE RELAY 2
2.1 System data (SD) 2
2.2 Earth fault links (EF) 3
2.3 Phase fault links (PF) 4
2.4 Logic links (LOG) 5
2.5 Preferred use of logic inputs 6
2.6 Preferred use of output relays 6
3. OVERCURRENT AND EARTH FAULT PROTECTION 7
4. FIRST STAGE OVERCURRENT AND EARTH FAULT LOGIC 8
4.1 Start function 8
4.2 Definite time 9
4.3 Inverse time curves 9
4.4 Reset timer 10
4.5 Matching the reset time response of an electromechanical relay 10
4.6 Protection against intermittent recurrent faults 10
4.7 Time graded protection 11
4.8 Dual rate inverse time curves 12
5. SECOND/THIRD STAGE OVERCURRENT AND EARTH FAULT LOGIC 12
5.1 Two out of three logic 13
5.2 Broken conductor logic 13
5.3 Transformer inrush currents 13
5.4 Sensitivity to harmonics 14
5.5 Autoreclose inhibition of instantaneous low set 14
5.6 Blocked overcurrent protection 14
5.6.1 Blocked IDMT overcurrent 14
5.6.2 Blocked short time overcurrent 15
5.7 Protection of busbars on radial system 16
5.8 Points to consider with blocking schemes 17
5.9 Back-up transfer tripping scheme 18
5.10 Restricted earth fault protection 18
5.10.1 Setting voltage for stability: 18
5.10.2 Rs, stabilising resistor 19
5.10.3 Is, current setting 19
5.10.4 Metrosil assessment 19
5.11 Rectifier protection 20
5.12 Cold load pick-up 21
6. DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT 23
6.1 Directional overcurrent logic 23
6.2 Directional start output 23
6.3 Directional first stage overcurrent 24
6.4 Directional second and third overcurrent stages 24
6.5 Directional earth fault logic 24
6.6 Application of directional phase fault relays 24
6.7 Synchronous polarisation 26
6.8 Application of directional earth fault relays 26
6.9 Power directional earth fault element 27
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KCEU 142, 242
Section 1. CONFIGURATION
The settings that customise the relay for a particular application are referred to as
the configuration. They include the function links, input masks, relay masks, etc.
and they are password protected to prevent them being changed accidentally.
Together these settings select the functions that are to be made available and how
they are to be interconnected.
Before the advent of integrated numerical relays, protection and control schemes
comprised individual relays that had to be interconnected and a diagram was
produced to show these interconnections. The configuration of a numerical relay is
the software equivalent of these interconnections. With the software approach,
installations can be completed in much shorter times, especially for repeat
schemes, saving valuable time and cost. A second advantage is the ability to make
some changes without having to disturb the external wiring.
Before the connection diagrams can be drawn for an installation, it will be
necessary to decide how the logic within the relay is to function. A copy of the
logic diagram will be found at the back of this manual. It should be copied and the
appropriate squares in the input and relays masks should be shaded in to show
which logic inputs and output relays are to be assigned in each mask. The function
links should then be drawn on the diagram in position “0” or “1” as required.
These software links may turn functions on, or off, and when in the “off” state some
unnecessary settings may not appear in the menu. The second and third
overcurrent stages are typical examples of this. As supplied the third overcurrent
stage is turned off and its associated settings I>>>/t>>> will not appear in the
menu. The function link settings can now be read off the logic diagram and
entered as a series of ones and noughts, in the boxes provided on the logic
diagram.
Case connection diagrams will be found at the back of this manual for the current
models of K Range directional and non directional overcurrent relays. They may be
copied and notes added in the appropriate boxes to indicate the function of the
logic inputs and relay outputs. This diagram will then give the appropriate terminal
numbers to which the external wires must be connected. In particular, it will show
the terminal numbers to which the current and voltage transformers connections are
to be made.
Enough information is available from the logic and case connection diagrams to
enable the full external wiring diagrams to be drawn and the operation of
complete protection and control scheme to be understood.
1.1 Configuring the relay
Each scheme of protection and control will have its own particular configuration
settings. These can be named appropriately and the name entered as the
“description” in cell 0004 in the system data column of the menu. If the scheme is
likely to become a standard that is to be applied to several installations it would be
worthwhile storing the configuration on a floppy disc so that it can be downloaded
to other relays.
The configuration file can be made even more useful by adding appropriate
general settings for the protection and control functions. It will then only require the
minimum of settings to be changed during commissioning the installation.
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However, the “NoPeak” option is only provided for the I>> setting. The KCEG/
KCEU directional overcurrent relays do not respond to peak values and are not
provided with this link option.
When the selection has been completed continue to press the [F] key until the
confirmation display appears and confirm the selection.
Next enter the time delay characteristic for the t> element.
Enter, or copy, the same settings into the PHASE FAULT (2) column if it is active.
It is not essential that the links are set the same in both setting groups. For example
the I>>> element could be made available in group one and not in group two
settings.
Note: It would be wise to check that an element that is to be switched out in the
alternative setting group is reset before the alternative setting group is
selected, or alternatively make a physical test to ensure there are no latch-
up problems.
A different time characteristic can be selected for t> in the second setting group,
but it is not advisable to select inverse in one group and definite time in the other if
it is intended to dynamically switch between setting groups. If two different inverse
curves are selected then the same register will be used for both and these registers
will not be reset to zero when the setting group is changed unless the current is
below the set threshold.
2.4 Logic links (LOG)
The Logic Links under the LOGIC menu column heading customise the auxiliary
functions of the relay. Put the relay into setting mode by pressing the [+] key.
Step through the function links with the [F] key and set the links for the options
required.
LOG0 CB Rec 1 = enable CB records to be generated;
0 = inhibit CB records.
LOG1 CB1*1=0 1 = sum of currents; 0 = sum of current squared.
LOG2 BF blk Start 1 = enable breaker fail to reset start relays.
LOG3 Aux2=I< 1 = enable I< to initiate timer tAUX2 (loss of load
function).
LOG4 Aux2=/Io< 1 = enable tAUX2 to start when Io exceeds Io< .
LOG5 tAUX3 Grp2 1 = Group 2 settings selected whilst tAUX3 is giving
an output.
LOG6 tAUX2-tAUX3 1 = enable tAUX2 to delay pick-up of tAUX3.
LOG7 Latch Strt 1 = enable start flags to be latched.
LOG8 Hold Grp2 1 = manual selection of group 2 settings.
LOG9 Rst CBclose 1 = enable a trip to terminate the CB close pulse
LOGA Log Rly7 1 = enable relay RLY7 to initiate latch flags and log
records
LOGB tAUX3=DDO 1 = tAUX3 delayed on drop-off
0 = delayed on pick-up
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When the selection has been completed continue to press the [F] key until the
confirmation display appears and confirm the selection.
Set the breaker failure protection time delay tBF.
Set the circuit breaker close and trip pulse time delays tCLOSE and tTRIP.
Select the default display that appears on start-up.
2.5 Preferred use of logic inputs
The following table is not mandatory, but it is suggested that it is followed where
possible so that different schemes will use the a particular logic input for the same
or similar function.
L0 Stg grp2 [change setting group]
L1 Blk t>>/to>> [Block instantaneous low set from autoreclose]
L2 Blkt>>>/to>>> [Block overcurrent for busbar/unit feeder protection]
L3 EXT TRIP [external trip input from other protection]
L4 AUX2 [Auxiliary input to initiate timer tAUX2/CLP]
L5 AUX3 [Auxiliary input to initiate timer tAUX3/CLP]
L6 CB closed [indication that CB is closed]
L7 CB open [indication that CB is open]
2.6 Preferred use of output relays
The following table is not mandatory, but it is suggested that it is followed where
possible so that different schemes will use a particular output relay for the same or
similar function.
RLY0 START [earth fault start or combined phase and earth forward
start]
RLY1 START [phase start or combined phase and earth reverse start]
RLY2 AR INITIATE [any function assigned to initate autoreclose]
RLY3 TRIP [any protection function assigned to trip the circuit
breaker]
RLY4 ALARM [Any function assigned to produce an alarm]
RLY5 BACKTRIP [Output to backtrip for breaker fail]
RLY6 CB close [in response to a remote command]
RLY7 CB trip [in response to a remote command]
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Three independent time delayed overcurrent stages are provided for each phase
and residual current input. In addition there is an undercurrent function associated
with each of these currents and in some instances a thermal overcurrent
characteristic is provided. The settings are marked I>/t>; I>>/t>>; I>>>/t>>>; I<
and Ith>/TC; shown appropriately in the diagram below. These settings affect all
three phases equally.
The earth fault elements have similar settings marked Io>/to>; Io>>/to>>; Io>>>/
to>>> and Io<; there being no thermal element associated with this input.
Both the peak value and the Fourier derived rms value of the power frequency
component of the fault current are used to derive the protection functions.
Each value has its own associated characteristics that can be used to advantage.
For example, a change in the peak value may be detected in one half cycle of fault
current and so this measurement is used for the undercurrent elements to obtain the
fast reset required by breaker fail applications. The Fourier derived values are
particularly useful for earth fault applications due to their high rejection of
harmonic currents, in particular the third harmonic. Fourier values are also used for
all measurements where a phase angle reference is required.
Ith>
TC
Time I>
t>
I>>
t>>
I>>>
I<
t>>>
Current
The following diagram shows the logic associated with the first earth fault and
overcurrent stages. When the residual current exceeds the Io> threshold and
provided that no logic inputs selected in the input mask [0A01 Blk to>] are
energised, the time delay to> will start to time out. When the delay time expires
the output relays selected in the relay mask [0B03 to>] will be energised, causing
them to pick-up.
If a logic input selected in mask [0A01 BLK to>] is energised then the time delay
will be blocked and held reset.
+ 0A01 BLK to>
Ð
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0B03 to>
& to> 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Io> 0B01 Io> START
& 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
OBO8 tA>
¯A¯4 BLK t> 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0B09 tB>
& t> 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0B0A tC>
I> 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
≥1
& 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Similar logic is provided for the phase fault overcurrent protection and here a
separate overcurrent threshold and time delay is used for each phase, but the
same settings for I> and t> will apply to the elements on all three phases. A
separate relay mask is provided for each phase so that a differrent output relay
can be assigned to each phase output and/or the same output relays to all three
phases.
4.1 Start function
As soon as the Io> threshold is exceeded an instantaneous output is available via
relay mask [0B01 Io>]. This is used to indicate that the protection has detected an
earth fault and that the time delay to> has started. This time delay can be blocked
by energising a logic input assigned in the input mask [0A01 Blk to>]. If this
blocking input is energised by the start output from a downstream relay then
operation will be blocked only if the relay nearer to the fault can clear the fault.
This is the principle known as “Blocked Overcurrent Protection”, described more
fully in a later section.
The phase element is also provided with a start output via mask [0B06 I>] and a
blocking input via mask [ØAØ4 Blk t>]. The start outputs for both the phase and
earth fault elements are gated with a blocking signal, the function of which is
described in the Section 4.8.1 Breaker failure protection.
The time delayed output is via mask [0B03 to>] for the earth faults and for phase
faults masks [0B08 tA>], [0B09 tB>] and [0B0A tC>] provide separate outputs for
each of the phase elements.
SERVICE MANUAL R8551D
KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 4
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 9 of 60
KCEU 142, 242
k
+c
t = TMS I a Ð1 seconds
Is
Although the curves tend to infinity at the setting current value (Is), the guaranteed
minimum operation current is 1.05Is ±0.05Is for all inverse characteristic curves,
except curve 9 for which the minimum operating current is 1.6Is±0.05Is
(see section on rectifier protection).
Note: Definite time characteristic and the start functions operate at Is ±0.05Is.
Curves numbers 1, 2, 4, and 8 become definite time for currents in excess
of 30 x Is. Curve 3 becomes definite time for currents above 10 x Is to give
extra time grading steps at high current levels.
SERVICE MANUAL R8551D
KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 4
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 10 of 60
KCEU 142, 242
tReset
Is
The reset characteristic of an electromechanical relay is inverse and the reset timer
can be used to give the relay a reset characteristic which approximates to this as
shown in the diagram.
It should be noted that the tRESET is not affected by the time multiplier setting and
must therefore be set to the required delay.
4.6 Protection against intermittent recurrent faults
This type of fault is also sometimes referred to as a pecking or flashing fault.
A typical example of an intermittent recurrent fault would be one in a plastic
insulated cable where, in the region of the fault, the plastic melts and reseals the
cable, extinguishing the fault but after a short time the insulation breaks down
again. The process repeats to give a succession of fault current pulses each of
increasing duration with reducing intervals between, until the fault becomes
permanent.
SERVICE MANUAL R8551D
KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 4
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 11 of 60
KCEU 142, 242
2000A
Trip level
When the reset time of the overcurrent relay is less than the interval between the
fault current pulses, the relay will be continually reset and not be able to integrate
up to the trip level until the fault becomes permanent. Having the reset time set to
give as long a delay as possible, but less than that which would interfere with
normal operation of the protection and control system, will help to eliminate some
less common health and safety problems.
Overcurrent relays in Midos K Range have provision for adjusting the reset delay
to values between 0 and 60 seconds for timers t>/to>. Reset times of 60 seconds
are most suited to cable applications where autoreclose is not generally permitted.
For overhead lines with fast reclosing equipment, it can be an advantage to set the
reset time to zero; this will ensure that all relays will have fully reset before a
reclosure takes place and that some relays will not be held part way towards
operation as a result of the last fault.
When grading with electro-mechanical relays which do not reset instantaneously,
the reset delay can be used to advantage to gain closer discrimination. In these
instances the reset time should be set to a value less than the dead time setting of
any autoreclose relays on the system. Sensitive earth/ground fault relays will also
benefit from having the reset time set as high as possible so that fault current pulses
are summated.
Any reset delay will give an improvement in the detection of intermittent faults.
4.7 Time graded protection
Inverse definite minimum time relays are time graded such that the relay nearer to
the fault operates faster than the relays nearer to the source. This is referred to as
relay co-ordination because if the relay nearest to the fault does not operate, the
next one back towards the source will trip in a slightly longer time. The time
grading steps are typically 400ms, the operation times becoming progressively
longer with each stage.
Where difficulty is experienced in arranging the required time grading steps the
use of a blocked overcurrent scheme should be considered (described in a later
section).
Note: The dynamic range of measurement is typically 820 times minimum setting.
SERVICE MANUAL R8551D
KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 4
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 12 of 60
KCEU 142, 242
I>(1) I>>
I>(2)
The same registers are used for the time delay in both setting group 1 and setting
group 2. They are not reset when switching from one group to the other, unless the
current falls below the threshold, or a blocking input is asserted.
One of the other two time stages I>>, or I>>>, must be set in both setting groups,
to the current level at which the curve is to change. When this current setting is
exceeded, an output relay that is externally connected to energise a logic input will
select the second setting group. I>(2), the current setting in the second setting
group, must be set to less than 95% of the I>>, the current at which the
characteristic is switched, to ensure that the register does not reset.
The same TMS setting is advised for both setting groups, as an instantaneous trip
may occur when switching to a lower TMS setting if the shorter time setting has
already elapsed.
The second and third overcurrent and earth fault stages must be selected by setting
links PF1, PF2, EF1 and EF2 =1 as appropriate for their associated settings to
appear in the menu table. For these elements to operate the Fourier derived value
of current must exceed the set threshold, or the peak value of the current must
exceed twice the set threshold. This latter function ensures faster operation for
currents above twice setting whilst ensuring negligible transient overreach.
The time delays for the second and third stage overcurrent elements can be
blocked by the energisation a logic input. If the time delay has started it will be
reset by the application of the blocking signal. Each phase fault and earth fault
element has its own independent time delay to ensure correct discrimination and
fault indication.
SERVICE MANUAL R8551D
KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 4
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 13 of 60
KCEU 142, 242
PFC
0
1 &
I<
≥1
0A06 BLK t>>>
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 PF7 OBOC t>>>
PF2 ≥1 Broken conductor
0
1
& t> >> 0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Stage 3 Overcurrent
I>>> 2/3
1
Thus for a fault below relay C, the start output from relay C will block operation of
relay B and the start output of relay B will block operation of relay A. Hence all
three relays could have the same time and current settings and the grading would
be obtained by the blocking signal received from a relay closer to the fault. This
gives a constant, close time grading, but there will be no back-up protection in the
event of the pilots being short circuited.
The time delays t>>/to>> are arranged to be blocked by the start output of the
downstream relay when the downstream relay detects a fault current flowing.
The short time delay is essential to ensure that the blocking signal will be received
by the upstream relay before operation can occur.
The inverse time overload elements should be graded in the normal way for
cascade operation and to provide overload and backup protection. The short time
elements, operating in the blocking mode, then provide an instantaneous zone of
protection and again the breaker fail feature can be used to advantage.
On detection of a breaker failure condition the start output would be reset to
remove the block from the upstream relay, allowing the upstream relay to trip its
breaker to clear the fault.
Overcurrent relays are adequate for non-cascade operation on radial circuits, but
for ring circuits, or where there are parallel feeds, it will be necessary to use
directionalised overcurrent relays.
5.7 Protection of busbars on radial system
This is simply achieved on radial circuits by setting for the short time lags
(t>>/to>>) of the relay on the incoming feeder 80ms for non-directional relays,
and blocking these time delays when the start output of any relay on the load
circuits detects fault current flowing from the busbar to a feeder. The 80ms time
delay is for worst case conditions and may be reduced, depending on the system
X/R and maximum fault level. Feedback from regenerative loads must be less than
the relay setting.
The protection can be enhanced by arranging for the internal breaker fail circuits
of the feeder relays to backtrip the incoming circuit breaker and/or adding the
back-up transfer tripping arrangement. The use of a dual powered relay on the
incoming feeder can also be considered to provide dead substation protection.
These topics are described more fully in other sections.
Incomer
F1
F2 F3 F4 F5
+ Watchdog Trip Ð
repeat relay relays
Incomer
Feeder
1
Feeder
2
Feeder
3
CTA CTB
Protected
unit
Z MA Z MB
R CTA R CTB
RL RL
R RELAY CIRCUIT
RL RL
impedance, and the fact that the comparison is made between a limited number of
current transformers. Differences in current transformer remanent flux can, however,
result in asymmetric current transformer saturation with all applications.
Calculations based on the above extreme case for stability have become accepted
in lieu of conjunctive scheme testing as being a satisfactory basis for application.
At one end the current transformer can be considered fully saturated, with its
magnetising impedance ZMB short circuited while the current transformer at the
other end, being unaffected, delivers its full current output. This current will then
divide between the relay and the saturated current transformer. This division will be
in the inverse ratio of
RRELAY CIRCUIT to (RCTB + 2RL) and, if RRELAY CIRCUIT is high compared with RCTB + 2RL,
the relay will be prevented from undesirable operation, as most of the current will
pass through the saturated current transformer.
To achieve stability for external faults, the stability voltage for the protection (Vs)
must be determined in accordance with formula 1.
The setting will be dependent upon the maximum current transformer secondary
current for an external fault (If) and also on the highest loop resistance value from
the relaying point (RCT + 2RL).
The stability of the scheme is also affected by the characteristics of the differential
relay and the value of K in the expression takes account of this. One particular
characteristic that affects the stability of the scheme is the operating time of the
differential relay. The slower the relay operates the longer the spill current can
exceed its setting before operation occurs and the higher the spill current that can
be tolerated. For the KCGG relay I> element the value of K is 0.5 as shown in
formula 2.
Vs > KIf(RCT + 2RL) (1)
Vs > 0.5If(RCT + 2RL) (2)
where RCT = current transformer secondary winding resistance
RL = maximum lead resistance from the current transformer to the
relaying point
If = maximum secondary external fault current
K = a constant affected by the dynamic response of the relay
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KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 20 of 60
KCEU 142, 242
VK/Vs 12 6 3 2
Typical
operating 30 40 50 60
time (ms)
These times are representative of a system X/R ratio of 40 and a fault level of 5Is
to 10Is. Lower values of X/R and higher fault currents will tend to reduce the
operating time.
The kneepoint voltage of a current transformer marks the upper limit of the roughly
linear portion of the secondary winding excitation characteristic. This is defined
exactly in British practice as that point on the excitation curve where a 10%
increase in exciting voltage produces a 50% increase in exciting current.
The current transformers should be of equal ratio, of similar magnetising
characteristics and of low reactance construction. In cases where low reactance
current transformers are not available and high reactance ones must be used,
it is essential to use the reactance of the current transformer in the calculations for
the voltage setting. Thus, the current transformer impedance is expressed as a
complex number in the form
RCT + jXCT. It is also necessary to ensure that the exciting impedance of the current
transformer is large in comparison with its secondary ohmic impedance at the
relay setting voltage.
In the case of the high impedance relay, the operating current is adjustable in
discrete steps.
The primary operating current (Iop) will be a function of the current transformer
ratio, the relay operating current (Ir), the number of current transformers in parallel
with a relay element (n) and the magnetising current of each current transformer
(Ie) at the stability voltage (Vs). This relationship can be expressed as follows:
Iop = (CT ratio) x (Ir + nIe) (3)
In order to achieve the required primary operating current with the current
transformers that are used, a current setting (Ir) must be selected for the high
impedance relay, as detailed above. The setting of the stabilising resistor (R ST) must
be calculated in the following manner, where the setting is a function of the relay
ohmic impedance at setting (Rr), the required stability voltage setting (Vs) and the
relay current setting (Ir).
Vs
RST = Rr (4)
Ir
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KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 21 of 60
KCEU 142, 242
Note: The auxiliary powered KCGG ohmic impedance over the whole setting
range is small, 0.06Ω (1A) and 0.006Ω (5A) and so can be ignored.
Therefore:
Vs
RST = (5)
Ir
5.10.1 Use of metrosil non-linear resistors
When the maximum through fault current is limited by the protected circuit
impedance, such as in the case of generator differential and power transformer
restricted earth fault protection, it is generally found unnecessary to use non-linear
voltage limiting resistors (Metrosils). However, when the maximum through fault
current is high, such as in busbar protection, it is more common to use a non-linear
resistor (Metrosil) across the relay circuit (relay and stabilising resistor). Metrosils
are used to limit the peak voltage developed by the current transformers, under
internal fault conditions, to a value below the insulation level of the current
transformers, relay and interconnecting leads, which are able to withstand 3000V
peak.
The following formulae should be used to estimate the peak transient voltage that
could be produced for an internal fault. This voltage is a function of the current
transformer kneepoint voltage and the prospective voltage that would be produced
for an internal fault if current transformer saturation did not occur. Note, the
internal fault level, I'f , can be significantly higher than the external fault level, If ,
on generators where current can be fed from the supply system and the generator.
Vp = 2 2VK (Vf VK) (6)
Vf = I'f (RCT + 2RL + RST + Rr) (7)
where Vp = peak voltage developed by the CT under internal fault
conditions.
Vk = current transformer knee-point voltage.
Vf = maximum voltage that would be produced if CT saturation did
not occur.
I'f = maximum internal secondary fault current.
RCT = current transformer secondary winding resistance.
RL = maximum lead burden from current transformer to relay.
RST = relay stabilising resistor.
Rr = Relay ohmic impedance at setting.
When the value of Vp is greater than 3000V peak, non-linear resistors (Metrosils)
should be applied. These Metrosils are effectively connected across the relay
circuit, or phase to neutral of the ac buswires, and serve the purpose of shunting
the secondary current output of the current transformer from the relay circuit in
order to prevent very high secondary voltages.
These Metrosils are externally mounted and take the form of annular discs, of
152mm diameter and approximately 10mm thickness. Their operating
characteristics follow the expression:
V = CI0.25 (8)
where V = Instantaneous voltage applied to the
non-linear resistor (Metrosil)
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KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 4
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 22 of 60
KCEU 142, 242
The metrosil units normally recommended for use with 5A CTs and single pole relays are as
follows:
Secondary Recommended metrosil type
internal fault Relay stability voltage, Vs (V) rms
Current
(A) rms Up to 200V 250V 275V 300V
50A 600A/S1/S1213 600A/S1/S1214 600A/S1/S1214 600A/S1/S1223
C = 540/640 C = 670/800 C = 670/800 C = 740/870
100A 600A/S2/P/S1217 600A/S2/P/S1215 600A/S2/P/S1215 600A/S2/P/S1196
C = 470/540 C = 570/670 C = 570/670 C = 620/740
150A 600A/S3/P/S1219 600A/S3/P/S1220 600A/S3/P/S1221 600A/S3/P/S1222
C = 430/500 C = 520/620 C = 570/670 C = 620/740
The single pole Metrosil units recommended for use with 5A CTs can also be used
with triple pole relays and consist of three single pole units mounted on the same
central stud but electrically insulated from each other. A ‘triple pole’ Metrosil type
and the reference should be specified when ordering. Metrosil units for higher
stability voltage settings and fault currents can be supplied if required.
SERVICE MANUAL R8551D
KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 4
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 23 of 60
KCEU 142, 242
= 1391A
Maximum through fault level (ignoring source impedance)
100
= x 1391
5
= 27820A
Required relay stability voltage (assuming one CT saturated)
= 0.5If (RCT + 2RL)
= 0.5 x 27820
5
x (0.3 + 0.08)
1500
= 17.6V
SERVICE MANUAL R8551D
KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 4
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 26 of 60
KCEU 142, 242
V
RST = s
Ir
= 17.6
1
= 17.6 ohms
5A rated KCGG relays can be supplied, on request, with stabilising resistors that
are continuously adjustable between 0 and 47Ω.
Thus, a stabilising resistance of 17.6Ω can be set using the standard supplied
resistor.
5.10.4.4 Current transformer requirements
To ensure that internal faults are cleared in the shortest possible time the knee point
voltage of the current transformers should be at least 5 times the stability voltage,
Vs.
VK = 5Vs
= 5 x 17.6
= 88V
The exciting current to be drawn by the current transformers at the relay stability
voltage, Vs, will be:
Is Ir
Ie < n
where VK = 88V (In practice this should be the actual current transformer kneepoint
voltage, obtained from the current transformer magnetisation curve).
Vf = If(RCT + 2RL RST + Rr)
5
= 27820 x x
1500
(0.3 + 0.08 + 17.6)
= 92.7 x 17.98
= 1667V
Therefore substituting these values for VK and Vf into the main formula, it can be
seen that the peak voltage developed by the current transformer is:
Vp = 2 2VK (Vf VK)
= 2 2 x 88 x (1667 88)
= 1054V
This value is well below the maximum of 3000V peak and therefore no Metrosils
are required with the relay. If, on the other hand, the peak voltage VP given by the
formula had been greater than 3000V peak, a non-linear resistor (Metrosil) would
have to be connected across the relay and the stabilising resistor.
The recommended non-linear resistor type would have to be chosen in accordance
with the maximum secondary internal fault current and the voltage setting.
5.10.5 Busbar protection
A typical 132kV double bus generating station is made up of two 100MVA
generators and associated step-up transformers, providing power to the high
voltage system, by means of four overhead transmission lines, shown in
Figure 2. The main and reserve busbars are sectionalised with bus section circuit
breakers.
The application for a high impedance circulating current scheme having 4 zones
and an overall check feature, is as follows:
The switchgear rating is 3500MVA, the system voltage is 132kV solidly earthed
and the maximum loop lead resistance is 4 ohms. The current transformers are of
ratio 500/1 amp and have a secondary resistance of 0.7 ohms.
5.10.5.1 Stability voltage
The stability level of the busbar protection is governed by the maximum through
fault level which is assumed to be the switchgear rating. Using the switchgear
rating allows for any future system expansion.
= 72V
5.10.5.2 Current setting
The primary operating current of busbar protection is normally set to less than 30%
of the minimum fault level. It is also considered good practice by some utilities to
set the minimum primary operating current in excess of the rated load. Thus, if one
of the CTs becomes open circuit the high impedance relay does not maloperate.
The primary operating current should be made less than 30% of the minimum fault
current and more than the full load current of one of the incomers. Thus, if one of
the incomer CTs becomes open circuit the differential protection will not
maloperate. It is assumed that 30% of the minimum fault current is more than the
full load current of the largest circuit.
Full load current
3
= 100 x 10 = 438A
3 x 132
Therefore, by setting Ir (I>) = 0.8A, the primary operating current of the busbar
protection meets the requirements stated earlier.
5.10.5.5 Stabilising resistor
The required value of the stabilising resistor is:
Vs
RST =
Ir
= 72
0.8
= 90Ω
Therefore the standard 220Ω variable resistor can be used.
5.10.5.6 Current transformer requirements
To ensure that internal faults are cleared in the shortest possible time the knee point
voltage of the current transformers should be at least 5 times the stability voltage,
Vs.
Vk/Vs = 5
Vk = 360V
5.10.5.7 Metrosil non-linear resistor requirements
If the peak voltage appearing across the relay circuit under maximum internal fault
conditions exceeds 3000V peak then a suitable non-linear resistor (Metrosil),
externally mounted, should be connected across the relay and stabilising resistor,
in order to protect the insulation of the current transformers, relay and
interconnecting leads. In the present case the peak voltage can be estimated by
the formula:
Vp = 2 2VK (Vf VK)
where VK = 360V (In practice this should be the actual current transformer
kneepoint voltage, obtained from the current transformer magnetisation curve).
Vr = I'f(RCT + 2RL + RST + Rr)
1
= 15300 x 500 x (0.7 + 4 + 90)
= 30.6 x 94.7
= 2898V
Therefore substituting these values for VK and Vf into the main formula, it can be
seen that the peak voltage developed by the current transformer is:
Vp = 2 2VK (Vf VK)
= 2 2 x 360 x (2898 360)
= 2704V
This value is below the maximum of 3000V peak and therefore no Metrosils are
required with the relay. If, on the other hand, the peak voltage VP given by the
formula had been greater than 3000V peak, a non-linear resistor (Metrosil) would
have to be connected across the relay and the stabilising resistor.
The recommended non-linear resistor type would have to be chosen in accordance
with the maximum internal fault current and the voltage setting.
SERVICE MANUAL R8551D
KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 4
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 30 of 60
KCEU 142, 242
VK = 5 Vs = 244V
Using the advanced application method the knee point voltage requirement has
been reduced to 244V compared to the conventional method where the knee point
voltage was calculated to be 360V.
100MVA 15kV
100MVA 132/15kV
132kV
Main
reserve
P1 P2 P1 P2
A A
S1 S2 S1 S2
Protected
B B
plant
C C
21 R A 23 R B 25 R C
Protective
relays 22 v 24 v 26 v
R ST R ST R ST
Figure 12: Phase and earth fault differential protection for generators, motors or reactors.
P1 P2
A
S1 S2
B
27 28
P2 S2 R R ST
P1 S1
Figure 13: Restricted earth fault protection for 3 phase, 3 wire system-applicable to star
connected generators or power transformer windings.
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KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 4
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 32 of 60
KCEU 142, 242
P1 P2
A
S1 S2
B
27 28
R R ST
Figure 14: Balanced or restricted earth fault protection for delta winding of a power
transformer with supply system earthed.
P2 P1
A
S2 S1
B
P2 P1
N
S2 S1
27 28
R R ST
Figure 15: Restricted earth fault protection for 3 phase, 4 wire system-applicable to star
connected generators or power transformer windings with neutral earthed at switchgear.
P2 P1
A
S2 S1
B
P2 P1
N
S2 S1
27 28
P2 S2 R R ST
v
P1 S1
Figure 16: Restricted earth fault protection for 3 phase, 4 wire system-applicable to star
connected generators or power transformer windings earthed directly at the star point.
SERVICE MANUAL R8551D
KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 4
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 33 of 60
KCEU 142, 242
P1 P2 P2 P1
A
S2 S1 P2 P1
S1 S2 A
B
S2 S1
B
C
21 R A 23 R B 25 R C
Protective
relays 22 v 24 v 26 v
R ST R ST R ST
Figure 17: Phase and earth fault differential protection for an auto-transformer with CTs at
the neutral star point.
P1 S1
P2 S2
A
B
C
P2 S2 P2 S2
P1 S1 P1 S1
A
B
C
21 R 23 RB 25 R
A C
Contacts from Protective v v v
buswire relays 22 24 26
supervision R ST R ST R ST
auxiliary relay 27
RN Buswire
28 supervision
Figure 18: Busbar protection – simple single zone phase and earth fault scheme.
11kV
415V 1500/5A
A
R CT
B
RL RL
RL
R CT
Data Restricted
Protection: R L = 0.04ý earth fault
R LC = 0.3ý protection
Transformer: X = 5% RL
A
+
B
C
Ð
A B C N
Transformer Rectifier
Rs
Protection
10000
Protection curve
Time (seconds)
100 Instantaneous
overcurrent
10
Typical
1 load area
0.1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Multiple of rated current
The rectifier protection feature has been based upon the inverse time/current
characteristic as used in the MCTD 01 and the above diagram shows a typical
application.
The protection of a rectifier differs from the more traditional overcurrent
applications in that many rectifiers can withstand relatively long overload periods
without damage, typically 150% for 2 hours and 300% for 1 min.
The relay I> setting of the relay should be set to the rated rms value of the current
that flows into the transformer when the rectifier is delivering its rated load.
The relay will give a start indication when the current exceeds this setting but this is
of no consequence because this function is not used in this application. Curve 9
should be selected for the inverse time curve and this cuts-off for currents below
1.6 times allowing the rectifier to carry 150% overload for long periods. If this is
not acceptable the I> setting can be adjusted to move the cut-off point relative to
the current scale. The operation time can be modified by adjustment of the time
multiplier setting (TMS) so that it lies between limiting characteristic of the rectifier
and the allowable load area.
SERVICE MANUAL R8551D
KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 4
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 35 of 60
KCEU 142, 242
The above change of setting group can also be enabled if a 52B contact is not
available, or during instances when the operation of upstream circuit breakers will
cut the supply without opening the down-stream circuit breakers. This is achieved
by using the loss of load feature associated with tAUX2 and by setting [LOG6] =1.
The time delay of the tAUX2 when used in this configuration must be set longer
than the total fault clearance time of the system.
Note: It will be essential to check for correct resetting of any function that is
deselected when switching to group 2 settings.
Time
Stall (CLP)
Overlo
ad (CLP)
t>
Stall
t>>
Overl
oad
Short circuit
t>>>
I> I>> I>>> Current
Zone of
forward start
forward operation
Is
¯cÐ90 ¯c ¯c+90
ÐIs
Reverse start
ÐI
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0B05 to>>>
EF2
0 EF5 & to>>> 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Stage 3 earth fault
1 0
Io>>> FWD EFE
0 1
REV
1 0B08 tA>
0A04 BLK t> & 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0B09 tB>
& t> PFF & 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Stage 1 overcurrent
I> ≥1 0
PF3 PF4 PF5 0B0A tC>
≥2 1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 0 0 &
1 1 1 PFF 0B06 I> FWD START
≥1 0
FWD & 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
≥2 1
REV Start overcurrent
PFF 0B07 I> REV START
≥1 0
& 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0A05 BLK t>> ≥2 1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 PFF 0B0B t>>
PF1 ≥1
0 PF4 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Stage 2 overcurrent
1
& t>>
I>> 0 ≥2 1
FWD
PFC 1
0
1 &
I<
≥1
0A06 BLK t>>>
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 PF7 PFF 0B0C t>>>
PF2 Broken conductor
PF5 ≥1 0 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 & t>>> stage 3 overcurrent
1 ≥2
I>>> FWD PFE 0 1 1
REV 0 1
1
Page 39 of 60
R8551D
Chapter 4
polarising voltage and this is compared with the set operational angle limits for
operation. Because the relay tracks the frequency the stored phase reference for
the voltage holds good even though the frequency may drift during the fault and
hence the term synchronous polarisation.
The duration of the synchronous polarisation is 320ms, but an option is now
provided to extend this to 3.2s to allow operation of the IDMT element.
The duration is selected with link [PFB]. For PFB=0 duration is 320ms and for
PFB=1 duration it is increased to 3.2s. The longer duration will be useful when
fault current is limited and the operation time of the relay is expected to be
relatively slow for close-up faults.
6.8 Application of directional earth fault relays
The earth fault elements use the residual voltage as the polarising quantity.
With the KCEG 142/242 relays this voltage is internally derived from the three
phase/neutral voltages applied to the relay. With the KCEG 112/152 this voltage
has to be externally derived from an open delta winding on the line voltage
transformers, or via star/open delta interposing voltage transformers.
Note that the KCEU 142/242 relays measure residual voltage by means of an
internal resistor network and VT. However, the external VT connections to the relay
are the same as those for the KCEG 142/242 relays, namely three phase and one
neutral connection. This is therefore applicable where a suitable star connected VT
winding is available. However, for applications where there is only a broken delta
winding available to polarise the relay, this is accommodated by connecting the
relay as shown in Figures 21 and 22, Appendix 3. From this figure it can be seen
that the residual voltage must be applied between one phase voltage input and
neutral, ensuring that the remaining two phase voltage inputs are tied down to
neutral. It is important that these two connections are not left floating, as an
incorrect residual voltage measurement would result.
The characteristic angle will be directly as marked for earth faults and lagging
angles of between 0° to –60° may be used as appropriate, dependent on the
system earthing arrangements.
When providing sensitive earth fault protection for an insulated system a core
balance transformer is recommended. Where this is oriented as for an earthed
system ie. with the relay looking down the feeder, the relay characteristic angle
should be set to +90°. If the current transformer is reversed, anticipating capacitive
current flow from the feeder onto the busbar, –90° should be used.
In such applications, relatively sensitive current settings will be required for the
directional earth fault relay. The standard setting range of the earth fault elements
in the KCEG relay models goes down to 0.5% of rated current. If settings more
sensitive than this are required, the KCEG 112 and KCEG 152 models can be
supplied with a setting range matching that of the KCEU models, namely, down to
0.1% of In. For complete details on available setting ranges, refer to Technical
Data section Chapter 7.
More detailed information regarding application of the KCEG 112/152 relays to
insulated systems, is available in a separate application guide, reference R6554.
Where a directional relay is used to prevent sympathetic tripping of the earth fault
overcurrent element, which would otherwise result from the currents flowing via the
cable capacitance to earth, an angle setting of +45°(lead) is recommended.
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KCEU 142, 242
For earth faults the minimum operating value of the residual voltage input to the
directional earth fault relay is determined by power system imbalance and voltage
transformer errors. The zero sequence voltage on a healthy distribution system can
be as high as 1.0%, also the voltage transformer error can be 1.0% per phase
which results in a possible spurious residual voltage as high as 2.0% under healthy
conditions. In order to take account of both of the foregoing quantities and thus
eliminate unwanted relay operation it is necessary to introduce a minimum
operating value of up to 3.5%. In practice, a choice of settings of say 2.0% to
4.0% should be considered, with perhaps 10% and 20% for high resistance and
insulated neutral systems respectively. The setting for Vop> will be found in the
EARTH FAULT setting column of the menu and should be set appropriately, taking
the above notes into account.
Note: The KCEG 140 required a residual voltage in excess of 6%Vn before the
voltage threshold circuit would function, regardless of the Vop> setting.
With the KCEG 142/242 the sensitivity of this circuit has been improved to
less than 0.6%Vn.
For protection of arc suppression (Petersen) coil earthed systems, a sensitive current
setting is required to enable accurate detection of the relatively small currents
flowing under fault conditions. Angles in the region of +5°(lead), 0°, –5°(lag) are
common, with the relays having suitably fine setting adjustment of 1°.
6.9 Power directional earth fault element
An alternative option for arc suppression (Petersen) coil earthed systems is
provided by the KCEU 142/242 relays. These relays operate when the power
measured in the residual circuit exceeds the power setting (Po>). Power is
measured in watts and is equal to VIcosφ.
Po>
Thus for operation the residual current must exceed before it can operate.
Vo cosφ
The residual current required to operate the relay is high when there is little
residual voltage. By virtue of this feature the relay effectively ignores any residual
spill current, resulting from mismatch of the line CTs, due to the fact that there is
negligible zero sequence voltage present under load conditions.
The power characteristic is relative to the set characteristic angle (fc), which will
typically be set to 0°. To reverse the direction of operation the characteristic angle
is changed by ±180°.
Note: If the power setting Po> = 0, then the normal directional characteristic will
be operative instead of the power characteristic.
More detailed information regarding the application of the KCEU 142,242 relays
to Petersen Coil Earthed systems, is available in a separate application guide,
reference R6554.
6.10 Directional stability for instantaneous elements
Directional relays are required to withstand a fault in the reverse direction without
operating. In addition they are required to remain stable (ie. not operate) when the
reverse fault current is removed and the current falls to zero, or to a level that is
below the current setting of the relay and in a forward direction. With time
delayed protection, directional stability is not usually a problem, but with
directionalised instantaneous overcurrent relays it is much more difficult to achieve
and momentary operation may occur when the fault is removed.
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KCEU 142, 242
The software of the K Range relays has been arranged to reduce transient
operation to a minimum, but even so it is advisable to set the associated time delay
for any directional overcurrent element to between 40ms and 200ms, depending
on the system X/R ratio and the maximum fault level, to ensure stability under this
condition.
For a two phase to earth fault, close to the operating boundary, one definite time
phase element may give a directional decision that is different to the other two and
could be considered to be incorrect. To eliminate the protection performing in a
way that is not expected a better decision can be made by setting link PFF = 1 to
activate the 2/3 logic on both the trip and start outputs. Earth fault protection will
then be essential to clear single phase faults. This was not a problem with
directionalised IDMT protection because of its inherent current/time characteristic.
6.11 Protection of circuits with multiple in-feeds
For the blocked overcurrent protection to be applied to a feeder that can be fed
from either end, or a busbar with multiple in-feeds, a directional feature must
incorporated. The START elements of any relay that detects current flowing from the
protected zone must block the operation of any relays that detect current flowing
into the protected zone. The directional feature is used to establish if the current is
flowing into, or out of, the protected zone. The principle can be applied to the
protection of busbars, parallel feeders, as shown in the following example, and it
is also suited to ring circuits to simplify grading problems.
The following diagram shows a busbar with several feeders connected to it and
divided by a bus section circuit breaker. The dotted lines indicate the zones of
protection that can be formed using short time overcurrent protection arranged in a
blocked overcurrent scheme. The basic IDMT protection is still applied in the
traditional fashion, but is now augmented by the additional overcurrent elements
within the feeder protection arranged to provide unit protection for both their
associated feeder the bus section to which the feeder is connected.
Incomer Incomer
Application of Midos K Range relays for single and double busbar protection is
further described in publications R4112 and R4114.
Note: The response of directional overcurrent relays to power system disturbances
will vary with the earthing arrangements. It is not practical to consider all
configurations of the power system and so the application notes in this
document can only be a general guide. Each application will need to be
engineered to suit the system.
The thermal overload protection shares the time constant setting with the thermal
ammeters and thus a compromise will be necessary if they are to be used at the
same time. It is recommended that the time constant is chosen to suit the protection
in such instances. The settings for the time constant (TC), the continuous thermal
current rating (Ith>) and the thermal alarm (th>) will be found in the menu columns
containing the phase fault settings.
The time constant can be set between 1 minute and 120 minutes in 1 minute steps
and the thermal current setting (Ith>) can be adjusted between 0.08In and 3.2In.
The thermal protection responds to I2 and will operate faster as the current
increases, but for currents in access of 5.3 times rated current the operation time
will remain the same as that for 5.3 times rated current. This will not be a problem
in practice because the normal IDMT, or definite time, protection will normally
have taken over at a lower level of current.
0 0B17 th ALARM
1 ≥1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PF0 Alarm 0B18 th TRIP
≥1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Trip
0A11 RESET Ith
Thermal
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 reset
t = T.LOGe
Ix2 Ð P
Ix2 Ð 1.10
where
t = time in minutes
T = selected time contstant
Ix = current in multiples (Ith>)
P = (per unit of prefault load)2
P = (IL/Ith>)2
The characteristic curves will be found in the appendix to this document where the
times are shown as a multiple of the selected time constant for various levels of
prefault load.
7.4 Thermal memory
When the auxiliary energising supply is lost the thermal state is stored in non
volatile memory. On restoration of the supply the thermal state is restored.
However, if the stored value of the thermal state is in excess of 90%, the restored
thermal state will be set to 90%.
7.5 Thermal reset
The thermal state can be reset to zero after the password has been entered by
performing a reset function on cell [0407 Thermal] under MEASURE 3. This can be
achieved via the user interface of the relayby pressing the reset key [0] for one
second whilst this cell is displayed, or by a 'reset cell' command via the serial port.
However, this cell is protected and the password must be entered before it can be
reset.
Alternatively, the thermal state can be reset by energising a logic input that has
been allocated in the input mask [0A11 RESET th]. All input masks are password
protected against change, but once a logic input has been assigned to this function
it is not necessary to enter the password again before the reset function can
respond to this input being energised.
Note: The thermal state cannot be reset whilst viewing cell 0407 from the default
display.
If the thermal state is greater than 90% it will be reset to 90% after a break
in the auxiliary supply.
If link PF0 = 0 in either setting group, then the thermal state will not reset to
zero when that group is selected. If the thermal protection is not to be used
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KCEU 142, 242
the thermal state should be manually reset to zero to clear the memorised
state.
7.6 Dual time constant characteristics
It is possible to set different time constants in setting group 1 and 2 and so
produce dual characteristics with dual time constants in a similar way to the
composite curves described in Section 4.8. For such an application the setting
group will be arranged to change in response to the current exceeding one of the
current thresholds I>> or I>>>.
7.7 Application of thermal protection
The thermal protection characteristic can be used to protect electrical equipment in
such a way that the full thermal capacity is utilised with due regard to the thermal
inertia, but in a manner that prevents unacceptable temperatures from being
attained. It can be applied to standard high voltage cables with natural cooling
and to dry type power transformers.
The setting (Ith>) should be set to the maximum continuously rated current for the
protected item of plant. If the current transformer (CT) ratio has been entered then
this will be in primary quantities, but if the CT ratio has been set to 1:1 then the
continuous rated current entered should be that referred to the secondary winding
of the CT.
The appropriate thermal time constant (T) must be entered and the following table
gives some suggested values for typical cables. The curves for the thermal
characteristic are to be found in the appendix to this document and it will be seen
that they take due account of the pre-load current.
The typical values of time constants in the following table are paper insulated lead
sheathed cables, or polyethylene insulated cables laid above ground or in
conduits.
Section 8. UNDERCURRENT
LOG2
1
0A09 EXT. TRIP 0 0B0F CB FAIL
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 I< ≥1 tBF 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Io<
RLY3
The breaker fail timer (tBF) will start to time if relay RLY3 operates and at least one
of the undercurrent elements is detecting current flowing in the circuit. The breaker
fail timer can also be initiated in response to a logic input being energised if that
logic input is allocated in the input mask [0A09 EXT TRIP]. If tBF times out before
the undercurrent element, relay RLY3, and the external trip reset, then the output
mask [0B0F BF] will be energised and any output relay assigned in this mask will
pick-up. If this relay picks-up the circuit breaker is assumed to have failed to clear
the fault and this output relay can be then used to back trip the next circuit breaker,
nearer the source, to clear the fault.
If a blocked overcurrent scheme is in use, logic link LOG2 can be set to ‘1’.
This will cause the start relays to reset releasing the block on the upsteram relay to
allow it to trip directly and clear the fault.
The time delay (tBF) will typically have a setting in the range of 200 to 400ms.
The exact time will depend on the sum of the delays in the tripping path including
the operation time of the circuit breaker.
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KCEU 142, 242
Section 9. UNDERVOLTAGE
The undervoltage function can be selectively blocked when the circuit breaker is
open if link PF8=1. A logic input should be energised via an auxiliary contact of
the circuit breaker that will be closed when the circuit breaker is closed. This logic
input will indicate when the circuit breaker is closed and must then be assigned in
the input mask [0A0E CB CLOSED]. If the undervoltage element is to be
operational when the circuit breaker is open then set link PF8=0, then assigning a
logic input in mask [0A0E CB CLOSED] is not essential to the operation of the
undervoltage function.
9.1 Undervoltage trip
An undervoltage trip is often used to isolate the supplies to machinary when the
source of electrical supply is lost. This is a safety feature that prevents equipment
starting-up unexpectedly when the supplies are eventually restored.
The undervoltage elements can arranged to trip the circuit breaker when all three
phase voltages have been lost and for this application it does not matter if the
phase, or the line, voltages are used. It is advisable to block the undervoltage trip
function when the circuit breaker is open, otherwise the trip command will be
maintained and reclosing of the circuit breaker may be prevented.
Set links as follows: PF8 = 1; PF9 = 0, or 1; PFA = 0.
An appropriate delay may be applied to tV< to prevent tripping on voltage dips.
Assign relay RLY3 in output mask [0B17 tV<].
Assign a logic input, to indicate CB closed, in input mask [0A0E CB CLOSED].
These settings will be applicable to trigger the disturbance recorder for an
undervoltage condition, but it would be advisable to assign an alternative relay to
RLY3, because this relay is assigned functions that cause the fault flags to be
latched.
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KCEU 142, 242
The under frequency threshold (F<) is used in conjunction with an auxiliary timer to
provide a load shedding function. Setting link PFD = 1 will enable the under
frequency element to initiate tAUX1 when the frequency falls below the setting F<
provided a logic input is assigned in the input mask [0A0A AUX1] is energised, to
give a time delayed output via any relay assigned in the output mask [0B10
AUX1]. This will usually be relay RLY3, the main trip relay. This feature enables the
load shedding to be graded by both frequency and time.
The frequency measurement will default to the set rated frequency when the signals
are too small to measure and provided the under frequency setting is lower than
this no output should occur. However, it is known that when a circuit breaker is
opened there may be small signals present due to mutual coupling, or ringing
effects, that generate signals to which the underfrequency element can respond.
In such cases the underfrequency can be gated with some other function such as a
lowset overcurrent element, or the circuit breaker closed indication via the input
mask [0A0A AUX1].
When the auxiliary timers tAUX1, tAUX2, and tAUX3 are not being used by the
internal logic of the relay they may be used as discrete time delay elements.
Timers tAUX1 and tAUX2 will start to time when a logic input assigned in their
input masks is energised. They will then energise an output relay assigned in their
associated output masks after the set time has elapsed. Time delays can be set
from 0.01s up to 24 days.
Timer tAUX2 may be used as a discrete time delay function, or to give delayed
initiation of tAUX3. It can also be used to give longer reset delays for the
disturbance recorder (see the section on Disturbance Recorder).
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KCEU 142, 242
Timer tAUX3 is slightly different to tAUX1 and tAUX2 in it can be selected to give a
delay on pick-up as in series 1 relays, or alternatively a delay on drop-off.
Software link LOGB is used to make the selection. Set LOGB = 0 for delay on pick-
up and LOGB = 1 for delay on drop-off.
The cold load start timer has been deleted in the K Range series 2 relays and when
this function is required tAUX3 should be utilised with link LOGB = 1. For delayed
initiation of the cold load start, set link LOG6 = 1 when the delayed initiation will
be given by tAUX2.
11.1 Extra earth fault stage
Setting link LOG4=1 will enable the earth fault undercurrent element Io< to start
tAUX2 when the current exceeds the Io< setting. This gives a fourth earth fault
stage, but note that this element is responsive to peak measurement and will not
provide a high degree of rejection to harmonic currents.
11.2 Loss of load protection
Setting link LOG3=1 will enable the phase fault undercurrent elements to start
tAUX2 when the current is less than the I< setting. This can be used to start the
cold load start sequence in retrofit installations. It can also be used to indicate loss
of critical loads.
11.3 Delayed under frequency trip
Setting link PFD=1 will enable the under frequency element to initiate tAUX1 when
the frequency falls below the setting F<, to give a time delayed output via any
relay assigned in the output mask for tAUX1. This can be used to provide a time
delayed under frequency trip for load shedding. This feature enables the load
shedding to be graded by frequency and time setting.
The under frequency will not maloperate when the signal that is being frequency
tracked is too small to track. This is because the frequency tracking will default to
the set rated frequency and provided the under frequency setting is lower than this
no output will occur.
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KCEU 142, 242
The relay has two setting groups, but as supplied only setting group 1 will be
visible. To make the second group of settings visible in the menu, set function link
SD4=1 in the SYSTEM DATA column. The value of the group 2 settings is
unimportant when link SD4 = 0, because group 1 settings will be in use by default.
The menu cell 000E, in the SYSTEM DATA column, is a read only cell that displays
the setting group that is in operation.
Note: The logic associated with the change of setting group has changed from
that in the original K Range relay and the following notes only apply to
K Range series 2 relays.
1
LOG6 0B12 AUX3
0A0C AUX3 0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
≥1 tAUX3 1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
LOG8 LOGB LOG5
0 0
1 1
SD4
0A0D STG GRP 2 0
≥1 Change to setting group
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1
SD3 2
0 Remote set Grp2
SET 1
1
RESET 0
Remote reset Grp1
up if link LOGB = 0 and delay on drop-off if LOGB = 1. The logic input could be
energised via the contacts of one of the output relays so that change of setting
group will be in response to some protection function such as an overcurrent
element operating, or the directional contacts changing state. Three example uses
are given below:
Dual rate inverse time curves [see Section 4.8]
Cold load pick-up [see Section 5.12]
Dual thermal time constant [see Section 7.6]
Voltage controlled overcurrent [see Section 9.2]
Dual powered relays are powered from an AC, or DC, auxiliary supply.
This supply need not be secure because the relay will draw current from the current
transformer circuit in the absence of the auxiliary supply.
13.1 Powered from current transformers alone
When powered from the current transformer circuit alone, the minimum current to
operate the relay is that required to establish the power supply rails within the
relay. Lowering the design value of this parameter increases the burden on the
current transformers and the power dissipated within the relay case. The limits are
therefore a compromise based on these factors:
Minimum current to power the relay for phase faults = 0.4In
Minimum current to power the relay for earth faults = 0.2In
However, a combined three phase and earth/ground fault relay will operate with
lower earth/ground fault current settings when the load current in the protected
circuit is sufficient to power the relay ie. greater than 0.4In. Settings less than
0.2In are provided for earth faults, but they must be used with discretion.
0.8
0.6
Time (seconds)
0.4
0.2
0
1 7 10 70 100
When switching onto a fault, the relay will be delayed in operation by the start up
time and this delay will need to be taken into account in any grading exercise.
The delay is the time taken by the processor to initialise its registers, read in
settings from non-volatile memory and perform self checks. There will be an
additional delay whilst the power supply builds up, but this will be less significant
when using an inverse time/current characteristic as the power supply delay
similarly varies with current. The start-up time is not reduced by lowering the time
multiplier setting. With prefault load current there will be no start-up time and the
relays will operate within their normal time settings.
Note: Where the start-up delay cannot be tolerated it is recommended that the
relay is also powered from an auxiliary AC voltage supply so that it can be
up and running before a fault occurs. It will also make stored disturbance
and event records more secure, because they are discarded when the relay
powers down.
13.2 Powered from an auxiliary AC voltage and from current
transformers
The addition of an auxiliary AC, or DC, voltage supply to power the relay will:
– enable the settings to be changed when the protected circuit is de-energised.
– enable records to be retrieved and control functions to be carried out over the
communication link.
– reduce the burden on the line CTs.
When using an auxiliary AC voltage, it may be lost during a fault, when power
will be drawn from the current transformer circuit to maintain the relay in a fully
operational state. However, if the source of the auxiliary voltage is carefully
chosen it is unlikely to be lost completely during earth faults but it may collapse to
50% of its rated value. Provided the voltage is still above the minimum required to
power the relay, very low earth fault settings can be successfully applied. In the
absence of the auxiliary voltage the relay is not guaranteed to operate for earth
fault currents less than 0.2In.
No alarm is given for loss of the ac auxiliary voltage, unless it is externally
monitored by a separate supervision relay.
13.3 Special application notes for dual powered relays
Dual powered relays may be fitted with eight opto-isolated inputs and eight relay
outputs, but at the claimed minimum operating current they cannot all be energised
at the same time. If they are, then the minimum operation current will be increased.
However, in applications requiring a dual powered relay it is unlikely that more
than two output relays will be energised at any one time. The following table
shows how the minimum operating current varies with the number of relays (not
including the watchdog) and inputs that are to be energised at the same time.
Imin = 0.4In for phase faults and 0.2In for earth/ground faults.
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KCEU 142, 242
Relay
42
RLY3
44
9 Trip
+
10
RELAY
42
RLY3
44
9
+
10
21 23 25 28
TC TC TC MVAZ
Ia
To Ib
Ic
line
CTs In
SW-1/1
TOC
+ -
99-1
(t>, t>>, t>>>) In Out
FS-1
52T
99-2 SW-2/1
(t>, t>>, t>>>) Out In
FS-2
94
PB-1 S
R
AUX3-1
MVAA15
13 14
48V
+ -
AUX2
52-a AUX3
AUX2-1
BLOCK
(99-t>>)
CB Close
AUX1-1
FS-3 CB Close -1
52C
99
KCGG/KCEG
SW-1/2
TOC
94-2
99
52-a
52-b
94-1
Aux2
CB Close
Aux3
Aux1
1 2 3
The 94-1contact starts the AUX2 timer as the dead time of the scheme. At the end
of the dead time, contact AUX2-1 operates to energise the local CB close input to
the KCGG relay, which in turn closes its contact CBClose-1 to energise the CB
close coil 52C. The CB Close function of the K Range relay includes a timer setting
for the duration of the close pulse to prevent burn out of the 52C coil.
The 94-1 contact may also be used, if desired, to block any one or all of the
K range relay overcurrent stages by setting the appropriate input masks. The one
input from 94-1 can then be programmed to initiate CB Close as well as initiate
blocking.
As the 94-1 contact is latched in, as soon as the CB closes, the 52-a contact will
close to initiate the Aux3 timer as the reclaim time. If the breaker remains closed
for the duration of AUX3 reclaim time, the AUX3-1 contact operates to reset the 94
relay which resets the complete scheme. A second contact may be programmed
for the AUX3 timer as a successful reclose pulse contact which will remain closed
for the reset time of 94 plus the reset time of AUX3.
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KCEU 142, 242
99
52-a
52-b
94-1
Aux2
CB Close
Aux3
Aux1
1 2 3 4 5
As the 94-1 contact is latched in when the autoreclose is initated, if the breaker
fails to close or fails to stay closed following the reclose pulse from CB Close-1, the
52-b contact will initate the AUX1 timer. This timer is set slightly longer (eg. 2s)
than the AUX2 Dead Time timer and raises the Unsuccessful Reclose alarm via
AUX1-1.
As a security against manual closing of the breaker either during a reclose
sequence or if there has been an unsuccessful reclose, the 94-2 contact prevents
the manual close switch energising the 52C coil.
14.5 Blocking instantaneous low set protection when reclosing
When using autoreclose equipment it is often the practice to utilise I>>/Io>> as
instantaneous low set elements. This will ensure that any transient fault is quickly
extinguished so that the autoreclose can then re-establish the supplies. It may be
considered an advantage to block the operation of the instantaneous elements
during the reclose cycle to allow time graded tripping to determine and isolate the
faulted circuits, with the minimum disruption of supplies. As described in Chapter
4, Section 5.5, it is advantageous to block the associated timers for the low set
elements t>>/to>> to ensure accurate flagging of the fault. The output from timer
AUX2 is shown in the diagram to perform this function as well as initiating the
close pulse timer. Setting link SD5 = 1 will result in the fault flags being reset
automatically following a successful reclosure.
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Chapter 5
Measurement and Records
SERVICE MANUAL R8551D
KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 5
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Contents
KCEU 142, 242
1. MEASURE 1 1
1.1 Current 1
1.2 Voltage 1
1.3 Frequency 1
2. MEASURE 2 1
2.1 Imax 1
2.2 Power 1
2.3 Power mode selection 2
2.4 Three phase power factor 2
3. MEASURE 3 3
3.1 Thermal ammeter 3
3.2 Thermal state 4
3.3 Peak demand 4
4. FAULT RECORDS 4
4.1 Generating fault records 5
4.2 Accessing fault records 5
4.3 Resetting fault records 5
4.4 Fault passage information 6
5. EVENT RECORDS 6
5.1 Triggering event records 6
5.2 Time tagging of event records 6
5.3 Accessing and resetting event records 7
6. DISTURBANCE RECORDS 7
6.1 Recorder control 7
6.2 Recorder capture 8
6.3 Recorder post trigger 8
6.4 Recorder logic trigger 8
6.5 Recorder relay trigger 8
6.6 Notes on recorded times 8
6.7 Disturbance recorder reset options 9
7. CIRCUIT BREAKER MAINTENANCE RECORDS 9
7.1 Circuit breaker clearance time 9
7.2 Circuit breaker operations counter 10
7.3 Circuit breaker contact duty 10
7.4 Circuit breaker maintenance alarm 10
8. ALARM RECORDS 11
8.1 Watchdog 11
8.1.1 Auxiliary powered relays 11
8.1.2 Dual powered relays 11
8.2 Trip indication 11
8.3 Alarm indication 11
Figure 1: Mode of signing power flow 2
Figure 2: Record initiation logic 5
Figure 3: Recorder reset 9
Figure 4: Circuit breaker alarm 9
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Section 1. MEASURE 1
The same menu cells have been retained for measurement values and new cells
have been used for any additional measurements that are now included.
1.1 Current
Current is measured once per power frequency cycle and Fourier is used to extract
the fundamental component. Measurements are made for each of the three phase
currents (Ia, Ib, Ic) and the residual circuit current (Io). These values are stored in
menu cells 0201, 0202, 0203 and 0204 respectively.
1.2 Voltage
The phase/neutral voltages are measured directly when the internal VTs are star
connected. The phase voltages (Va, Vb, Vc) are then stored in menu locations
0208, 0209 and 020A. From the sum of these voltages the residual voltage (Vo) is
calculated. This voltage is equivalent to the output that would be obtained from an
open delta connection of a three phase VT and is three times the zero sequence
voltage. The residual voltage Vo is stored in menu location 020B. The phase
voltages are calculated from the measured phase voltages and stored in menu
locations 0205, 0206 and 0207.
In KCEU 142/242 the internal VTs are delta connected. The line voltages (Vab,
Vbc, Vca) and the residual voltage (Vo) are then directly measured and stored in
their respective menu locations.
1.3 Frequency
The sampling frequency of the analogue/digital converter is synchronised to the
power system frequency when there is a signal of sufficient strength to reliably
make a frequency measurement. In the absence of a signal to frequency track the
sampling frequency defaults to the power frequency setting in menu cell 0009.
For protection functions the measured frequency defaults to the power frequency
setting when the current and voltage is zero. The displayed frequency
measurement will also be the sampling frequency, but in this case it will read 0
when the frequency tracking stops.
Section 2. MEASURE 2
2.1 Imax
Imax is not a demand value, but the highest of the three phase currents and is
stored in menu cell 0304. It is a useful value to display when all three phase
currents cannot be displayed.
2.2 Power
Active and reactive power is calculated for each of the three phases and from
these the three phase power is calculated. On series 1 relays only the three phase
power could be accessed, but on series 2 relays the single phase values are also
available. All the power measurements are to be found under MEASURE 2.
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Section 3. MEASURE 3
A full fault record is now stored for each of the last five faults, with the new record
overwriting the oldest record one. These records are stored in non volatile memory
and are retained when the relay is powered down. Fault records contain the
following information:
– fault flags
– three line voltages
– measured phase currents
– residual current and voltage
– time from trip command to cessation of current flow
Fault records are also recorded with a time tag in the event recorded
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Block start
0A07 L TRIP
0B0D CB TRIP
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ≥1
SD2 tTRIP 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 Trip circuit breaker
1
0B0E CB CLOSE
0A08 L CLOSE Close circuit breaker
≥1 tCLOSE 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Reset
LOG9
0
≥1 1
LOG2
0A09 EXT. TRIP 0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1
≥1 I< ≥1 tBF 0B0F CB FAIL
Io< 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RLY3
LOGA Generate circuit breaker maintenance
0 ≥1 records
1
RLY7
LOG7 Latch flags
0 ≥1 Generate fault records and
1 I> ≥1 Copy to events records
Io>
Fault records are generated when output relay RLY3, or a logic input assigned in
the input mask [0A09 EXT TRIP], is energised. The fault flags will be latched and
the trip LED lit in response to these two inputs. The circuit maintenance records will
be updated and the breaker fail protection initiated by either of these two inputs.
Relay RLY7 is used for remote, or manual trip, and can be arranged to trigger the
generation of fault and circuit breaker maintenance records by setting link
LOGA = 1, but in this case the breaker fail protection will not be initiated.
Setting link LOG7 = 1 will enable the start relays to generate a fault record and so
record the passage of fault current, but since if the fault is not cleared by this relay
operating output relay RLY3 or RLY7, the circuit breaker fail protection will not be
initiated, the trip LED will not be lit and the maintenance records will not be
updated.
4.2 Accessing fault records
Fault records can be accessed by selecting [0101 Fault No Fn] in the
[FLT RECORD] column menu. The fault number (Fn) denotes the record for the last
fault and the record for previous faults can be selected by successive long presses
of the [0] key. Fn-1 is the previous fault and Fn-2 is the one before that, etc.
The [0] key enables fault record selection with the cover in place on the relay, but
for remote selection, the usual change setting commands will give a quicker
response. With the cover removed and menu cell [0101 Fault NoFn] displayed,
the [+] and [–] keys can be used to change to the required record number.
4.3 Resetting fault records
All five fault records can be cleared by selecting cell 0110, the last cell under fault
records and pressing the [0] key for 1 second.
Note: If fault records are being viewed with ACCESS or PAS&T software; hit
return key and then select the reset cell option to reset all five fault records.
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Fifty time tagged event records can be stored, after which the oldest record is
overwritten. They are stored in volatile memory and will be lost if the relay is
powered down. The event records can only be accessed via the serial
communication port and PC software is available to support the automatic
extraction and storing of these records.
The following items are recorded by the event recorder:
– Fault records including: fault flags, fault currents and voltages.
– Setting changes made via the user interface on the front of the relay
– Logic events: status change of logic inputs and/or output relays
– Alarms: internal equipment alarms detected by self monitoring functions.
The number of full fault records that can be stored in events records can be
increased by setting link SD7 = 0 to inhibit storage of logic events.
5.1 Triggering event records
Event records are triggered automatically in response to the functions listed in the
previous section.
5.2 Time tagging of event records
The K Range relays do not have a real time clock. Instead, they each have a free-
running 32-bit counter that increments every 1ms. When an event occurs, the value
of this millisecond counter is recorded (Ta) and stored in the event buffer.
When the event is extracted, the present value of the millisecond counter is also
sent in the message (Tb). The master station must record the actual time at which it
received the event message (Tc). This is equivalent to Tb if we consider the
transmission time of the event over the communication network to be negligible.
It then calculates how long ago the event occurred by:
How long ago = (Tb – Ta) ms
Real time = (time message was received) – (how long ago it occurred)
= (Tc) – (Tb – Ta) ms
Time tagging is to a resolution of 1ms, the incrementation rate of the counter and
remains valid for approximately 49 days. However, the crystal to control the timing
has a nominal accuracy of ±50 ppm, is not externally synchronised and has no
temperature compensation. It can therefore introduce an error of ±1s in every 5.5
hours.
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The event recording was originally designed for use with automatic extraction
programs running on a personal computer (PC) when these timing errors would be
insignificant. Refer to Chapter 5, Section 6.6 for notes on recorded times, as these
apply equally to event records.
5.3 Accessing and resetting event records
Event records cannot be viewed on the relay and can only be accessed via the
serial communication port of the relay. A PC with suitable software, such as PAS&T,
can automatically extract the records, display them on a screen, print them, or
store them to either a floppy disk or to the hard disk of the computer.
When a new record is generated the oldest event record is automatically
overridden and the event flag set. The PAS&T software responds to this flag and
extracts the record. When all records have been read, the event flag resets.
The internal disturbance recorder has one channel allocated to each of the
measured analogue quantities; one to record the eight control inputs and one to
record the eight relay outputs. As with the event recorder, when the buffer is full the
oldest record is overwritten and records are deleted if the auxiliary supply to the
relay is removed. This ensures that when the buffer is read the contents will all be
valid.
The disturbance recorder is stopped and the record frozen, a set time after a
selected trigger has been activated. For example, a protection trip command could
be the selected trigger and the delay would then set the duration of the trace after
the fault.
Each sample has a time tag attached to it so that when the waveform is
reconstituted it can be plotted at the correct point against the time scale, thus
ensuring that the time base is correct and independent of the frequency.
The K Range overcurrent relays measure eight samples per cycle, but the method of
recording allows the analysis program to perform with records that may have a
different sample rate.
The disturbance recorder may be triggered by several different methods dependent
on the settings in the RECORDER column of the menu. However, the records have
to be read via the serial communication port and suitable additional software is
required to reconstruct and display the waveforms. Only one complete record is
stored and the recorder must be reset before another record can be captured.
6.1 Recorder control
This cell displays the state of the recorder :
a) RUNNING – recorder storing data (overwriting oldest data)
b) TRIGGERED – recorder stop delay triggered
c) STOPPED – recorder stopped and record ready for retrieval
When this cell is selected, manual control is possible and to achieve this the relay
must be put into the setting mode by pressing the [+] key. A flashing cursor will
then appear on the bottom line of the display at the left-hand side. The [+] key will
then select 'running' and the [–] key will select 'triggered'. When the appropriate
function has been selected the [F] key is pressed to accept the selection and the
selected function will take effect when the [+] key is pressed to confirm the
selection. To abort the selection at any stage, press the reset key [0].
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The time recorded for the output relays is the time at which the coil of the relay was
energised and the contacts will close approximately 5ms later. Otherwise the time
tags are generally to a resolution of 1ms for events and to a resolution of 1µs for
the samples values.
6.7 Disturbance recorder reset options
SD5
I< 0
3SEC SD8
1
SD6
Reset trip flags
0A0B AUX2
0 0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Reset disturbance
SD8 ≥1 1 1 recorder
0
Recorder
1 stopped
Recorder
LOG3 stopped
0 I<
1 & 0B11 AUX2
LOG4
Io<
≥1 tAUX2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0
1
The disturbance recorder is reset via cell [0C01 Control]. Alternatively it can be
arranged to reset automatically, 3 seconds after the current is detected by the
undercurrent elements to be above its set threshold. To select this option set link
SD6 = 1 and SD8 = 0. This automatic 3s reset may be useful when auto reclose
equipment is employed since a record will only be stored when the autoreclose
equipment fails to reclose the circuit breaker, or it locks out.
If a shorter or longer reset delay is required, set the links as follows. SD6 = 1 and
SD8 = 1 (LOG3 = 0, LOG4 = 0) and then tAUX2 can be set to the necessary reset
delay. The setting range for tAUX2 is 0 to 24 days in graduated steps with the
smallest step of 10ms. With this option the recorder can be reset instantaneously
by energising a logic input that is assigned in the input mask [0A0A AUX2].
RLY3
LOG0 CB(ops)>
0 0B19 CB ALARM
1 ≥1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CB duty>
8.1 Watchdog
8.1.1 Auxiliary powered relays
The watchdog relay will pick up when the relay is operational to indicate a healthy
state, with its make contact closed. When an alarm condition is detected that
requires some action to be taken, the watchdog relay will reset and its break
contact will close to give an alarm.
8.1.2 Dual powered relays
The watchdog relay operates in a slightly modified way on this version of the relay,
because it does not initiate an alarm for loss of auxiliary power, as this may have
been taken from an insecure source, or it may be powered solely from the current
circuit. Operation of the watchdog is therefore inverted so that it will pick up for a
failed condition, closing its make contact to give an alarm and in the normal
condition it will remain dropped off with its break contact closed to indicate a
healthy state.
The green LED will usually follow the operation of the watchdog in either of these
two cases. It will be lit when the relay is powered-up, operational and has not
detected any abnormal conditions.
The watchdog can be tested by setting alarm flag 6 to '1' in menu cell 0003 in the
SYSTEM DATA column of the menu.
8.2 Trip indication
The trip LED will be lit following a trip condition where output relay RLY3 has
operated, or a logic input that has been assigned in input mask [0A08 EXT TRIP]
has been energised.
Relay RLY7 is generally reserved for remote trip initiation via the serial
communication port. When link LOGA = 1 and relay RLY7 is assigned in output
mask [0B0D CB Trip] the trip LED will be lit if relay RLY7 has operated. Relay RLY7
can also be initiated for manual trips via the trip pulse timer (tTRIP) by assigning a
logic input in mask [0A07 LTrip] to give a trip indication. Unlike relay RLY3, RLY7
does not initate the breaker fail protection, but they can both initiate the generation
of fault records and hence fault flags. When relay RLY7 operates and link
LOGA = 1, the default display changes to the fault flag display and a letter 'R' is
displayed in the extreme right-hand position on the bottom line of the display to
indicate a 'remote trip'.
If link LOGA = 0 relay RLY7 can be freely assigned to any output function, without
creating a trip indication.
8.3 Alarm indication
The alarm LED will flash when the password has been entered. It will be lit and
remain steady when an internal fault has been detected by its self test routine.
The alarm flags can then be accessed to determine the fault, provided the relay is
still able to perform this function. See Chapter 3, Sections 3.5 and 3.6 for more
information on alarm flags.
Types KCGG 122, 142
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 and
KCEU 142, 242
Overcurrent and Directional Overcurrent
Relays
Service Manual
Chapter 6
Serial Communications
SERVICE MANUAL R8551D
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KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Contents
KCEU 142, 242
Serial communications are supported over K-Bus, a multi-drop network that readily
interfaces to IEC 60870-5 FT1.2 standards. The language and protocol used for
communication is Courier. It has been especially developed to enable generic
master station programs to access many different types of relay without the
continual need to modify the master station program for each relay type. The
relays form a distributed data base and the master station polls the slave relays for
any information required.
This includes:
Measured values
Menu text
Settings and setting limits
Fault records
Event records
Disturbance records
Plant status
Software is available to support both on-line and off-line setting changes to be
made and the automatic extraction and storage of event and disturbance records
as described in Section 3.
Courier is designed to operate using a polled system, which prevents a slave
device from communicating directly to a master control unit when it needs to inform
it that something has happened; it must wait until the master control unit requests
the information. A feature of Courier is that each piece of information is packeted
by preceding it with a ‘data type and length’ code. By knowing the format of the
data the receiving device can interpret it.
The Courier Communication Manual describes various aspects of this language
and other communication information necessary to interface these devices to other
equipment. It gives details on the hardware and software interfaces as well as
guidelines on how additional devices should implement the Courier language so
as to be consistent with all other devices.
Section 2. K-BUS
54
56
K-Bus
Screened 2 core cable
Although Courier and IEC 60870 both have inherent error detection, the parity
checking on each individual character in the 11-bit frame provides additional
security and is a requirement of IEC 60870 in order to meet the error rate levels it
guarantees. It is therefore recommended that modems should be used which
support these 11-bit frames.
The following modem has been evaluated for use with the full IEC 60870 ft1.2
protocol and is recommended for use:
Motorola Codex 3265 or 3265 Fast
Other modems may be used provided that the following features are available;
refer to the modem documentation for details on setting these features:
– Support for an 11 bit frame (1 start bit, 8 data bits, 1 even parity bit and 1 stop
bit). This feature is not required if the 10-bit frame format is chosen.
– Facility to disable all error correction, data compression, speed buffering or
automatic speed changes.
– It must be possible to save all the settings required to achieve a connection in
non-volatile memory. This feature is only required for modems at the outstation
end of the link.
Notes:
1. The V23 asymmetric data rate (1200/75bits/s) is not supported
2. Modems made by Hayes do not support 11 bit characters.
and hence set to “0” by default. The functions of some existing links have been
changed. Reference should be made to the logic diagrams to determine how they
should be set for series 2 relays.
Application setting files for series 1 relays will require some modification before
they can be used with series 2 relays.
4.2 Relay address
The relay can have any address from 1 to 254 inclusive. Address 255 is the
global address that all relays, or other slave devices, respond to. The Courier
protocol specifies that no reply shall be issued by a slave device in response to a
global message. This is to prevent all devices responding and causing contention
on the bus.
Each relay is supplied with its address set to 255 to ensure that when connected to
an operational network it will not have a conflicting address with another device
that is already operational. To make the new device fully operational it must have
its address set. The address can be changed manually by entering the password
and changing the address by the setting change method via the user interface on
the front of the relay.
Alternatively, if the software running on the PC supports auto-addressing, the relay
address can be set to 0 and the auto-addressing feature of the PC software turned
on. The relay will then be automatically set to the next available address on the
bus. PAS&T software supports both these features.
If the address is 255, or unknown, the device address can be changed by sending
a new address, in a global message, to a device with a particular serial number.
This method (supported by PAS&T, Courier Access and Courier-Com) is useful for
devices that are not provided with a user interface with which to read or change
the current address.
4.3 Measured values
Any measured value can be extracted periodically by polling the relay. Measured
values are stored in the same menu locations in the KCGG/KCEG/KCEU relays
and the KMPC measurement centre.
4.4 Status word
A status byte is contained in every reply from a slave device. This is returned by
the relay at the start of every message to signal important data on which the
master station may be designed to respond automatically.
The flags contained are:
Bit 0 – 1 = Disturbance record available for collection
Bit 1 – 1 = Plant status word changed
Bit 2 – 1 = Control status word changed
Bit 3 – 1 = Relay busy, cannot complete reply in time
Bit 4 – 1 = Relay out of service
Bit 5 – 1 = Event record available for retrieval
Bit 6 – 1 = Alarm LED lit
Bit 7 – 1 = Trip LED lit
Bits 6 and 7 are used to mimic the trip and alarm indication on the frontplate of
the slave devices. They cannot be used to extract fault and alarm information from
a slave device because they cannot be guaranteed to be set for a long enough
period to be identified.
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Bits 5 and 0 enable the master station to respond automatically and extract event
records and disturbance records, if they are so programmed.
4.5 Plant status word
The plant status word can be found at menu location 000C and each pair of bits
in the plant status word is used to indicate the status (position) of items of plant
controlled via the relay.
Only the circuit breaker can be controlled via the relays described in this service
manual and the associated bits in the plant status word are defined as follows:
Bit 1 Bit 0 – Circuit breaker 1
0 0 – No CB connected (auxiliary CB1 contacts faulty)
0 1 – CB1 open
1 0 – CB1 closed
1 1 – Auxiliary CB1 contacts or wiring faulty
Bit 8 Bit 9 – Circuit breaker 2
0 0 – No CB connected (auxiliary CB2 contacts faulty)
0 1 – CB2 open
1 0 – CB2 closed
1 1 – Auxiliary CB2 contacts or wiring faulty
The master PAS&T control unit software makes use of this information to generate a
table of all the circuit breakers and isolators that can be controlled and to show
their current status.
To make this information available to the master control unit it is necessary to
allocate a logic input that will be energised when the circuit breaker is closed in
input mask [0A0E CB CLOSED IND] and one that is energised when the circuit
breaker is open in input mask [0A0F CB OPEN IND]. Bits 0 and 1 will then
indicate the position of the circuit breaker.
If the circuit breaker can be racked into one of two positions, such that it can be
connected to busbar 1 or busbar 2, then a third logic input that will be energised
when the circuit breaker is connected to busbar 2 must be assigned in the input
mask [0A10 CB BUS 2]. The circuit breaker open/closed states will then be
transferred to bits 8 and 9 when the circuit breaker is in position for connecting the
feeder to busbar 2. The circuit breaker can then be controlled with the appropriate
open and close commands.
4.6 Control status word
The control status word will be found in menu cell 000D. It is used to transfer
control information from the slave device to the master control unit. However, the
relays described in this manual are protection relays and this feature is not used.
4.7 Logic input status word
The status of the logic control inputs can be observed by polling menu cell 0020,
where the lowest 8 bits of the returned value indicates the status of each of the 8
logic inputs. This cell is read only.
4.8 Output relay status word
The status of the output relays can be observed by polling menu cell 0021, where
the lowest 8 bits of the returned value indicates the status of each of the 8 output
relays. This cell is read only.
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conversion of the time tags. With this method of time tagging, the time tags for all
relays on K-Bus will be accurate, relative to each other, regardless of the accuracy
of the relay time clock.
See also Chapter 5, Section 6.6 for additional information on time tagging
accuracy.
4.12 Protection flags
The protection flags hold the status of the various protection elements in the relay
and it is from these that the fault flags are generated. They are transmitted in the
event records as part of a fault record and this is the only way they can be
accessed.
The following table lists the protection flags:
Bit position Hexadecimal mask Protection function
0 0x00000001L PhA lowset trip
1 0x00000002L PhB lowset trip
2 0x00000004L PhC lowset trip
3 0x00000008L E/F lowset trip
4 0x00000010L PhA 1st highset trip
5 0x00000020L PhB 1st highset trip
6 0x00000040L PhC 1st highset trip
7 0x00000080L E/F 1st highset trip
8 0x00000100L PhA 2nd highset trip
9 0x00000200L PhB 2nd highset trip
10 0x00000400L PhC 2nd highset trip
11 0x00000800L E/F 2nd highset trip
12 0x00001000L PhA lowset forward/normal start
13 0x00002000L PhB lowset forward/normal start
14 0x00004000L PhC lowset forward/normal start
15 0x00008000L E/F lowset forward/normal start
16 0x00010000L PhA lowset reverse start
17 0x00020000L PhB lowset reverse start
18 0x00040000L PhC lowset reverse start
19 0x00080000L E/F lowset reverse start
20 0x00100000L Thermal overload
21 0x00200000L Phase undercurrent trip
22 0x00400000L Undervoltage trip
23 0x00800000L Manual remote CB trip
24 0x01000000L AUX1 trip
25 0x02000000L AUX2 trip
26 0x04000000L AUX3 trip
27 0x08000000L Manual remote CB close
28 0x10000000L Breaker fail trip
29 0x20000000L Trip occurred in GROUP 2 settings
30 0x40000000L E/F Undercurrent trip
31 0x80000000L Thermal overload alarm
This 32 bit word can be found in packet #4 of the event record as the menu cell
value. A decoded text form can be found in packet #3 as the ASCII Text Description
of the event (refer to Courier User Manual). The value can be decoded to establish
which elements were operated at the time of the event. The bit position is identical
for K Range series 1 and series 2 relays with the exception of following bits:
– Bit 20 for series 1 relays indicated cold load start; for series 2 relays this
function is transferred to AUX3 and bit 20 now indicates operation of the
thermal overload element.
– Bit 31 for series 1 relays was not used. For series 2 relays bit 31 indicates the
operation of the thermal overload alarm element.
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Control functions via a K Range relay can be performed over the serial
communication link. They include change of individual relay settings, change of
setting groups, remote control of the circuit breaker, and operation and latching
selected output relays.
Remote control is restricted to those functions that have been selected in the relays
menu table and the selection cannot be changed without entering the password.
CRC and message length checks are used on each message received. No
response is given for received messages with a detected error. The master station
can be set to resend a command a set number of times if it does not receive a
reply or receives a reply with a detected error.
Note: Control commands are generally performed by changing the value of a cell
and are actioned by the setting change procedure, as described in Chapter
6, 3.1, and have the same inherent security. No replies are permitted for
global commands as these would cause contention on the bus; instead a
double send is used for verification of the message by the relay for this type
of command. Confirmation that a control command, or setting change, has
been accepted is issued by the relay and an error message is returned
when it is rejected.
The command to change setting group does not give an error message
when the group 2 settings are disabled unless link SD3=0 to inhibit
response to a remote setting group change commands.
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K Range series 2 relays (except for KCEU) respond to the load shed by level
Courier commands. These were intended to be used to control the load shedding
control of conventional voltage regulating relays and can of course still be used for
that purpose. However, it also provides a way of remotely operating and latching
selected output relays. In the following example it is assumed that relays are
allocated in the load shedding output masks as follows:
RLY0 assigned in [0B14 LEVEL 1]
RLY1 assigned in [0B15 LEVEL 2]
RLY2 assigned in [0B16 LEVEL 3]
The following truth table then applies:
Command RLY 0 RLY 1 RLY 3
Load shed to level 0 0 0 0
Load shed to level 1 1 0 0
Load shed to level 2 0 1 0
Load shed to level 3 0 0 1
If the relays are assigned as follows :
RLY0 assigned in [0B14 LEVEL 1]
RLY1 assigned in [0B15 LEVEL 2]
RLY0, RLY1 & RLY2 assigned in [0B16 LEVEL 3]
The truth table would read:
Command RLY 0 RLY 1 RLY 3
Load shed to level 0 0 0 0
Load shed to level 1 1 0 0
Load shed to level 2 0 1 0
Load shed to level 3 1 1 1
The relays will retain their selected state until a new command is received.
The settings will be stored when the relay is powered-down and restored again on
power-up. This allows these particular outputs to be used to select other functions
such as block sensitive earth fault, or inhibit instantaneous low set overcurrent
elements.
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KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 13 of 15
KCEU 142, 242
To set-up the relay for circuit breaker control, relay RLY7 must be assigned in output
mask [0B0D CB TRIP] and RLY6 in output mask [0B0E CB CLOSE].
Some circuit breakers require the closing pulse to be interrupted when a trip
command is issued during the closing sequence, such as when closing onto a fault.
This is to prevent pumping of the circuit breaker, ie. reclosing again when the trip
signal is terminated, and it can be arranged by setting link LOG9 = 1. Some other
types of circuit breaker require the close pulse to be maintained and to achieve
this, set link LOG9 = 0.
Block start
0A07 L TRIP
0B0D CB TRIP
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ≥1
SD2 tTRIP 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 Trip circuit breaker
1
0B0E CB CLOSE
0A08 L CLOSE Close circuit breaker
≥1 tCLOSE 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Reset
LOG9
0
≥1 1
LOG2
0A09 EXT. TRIP 0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1
≥1 I< ≥1 tBF 0B0F CB FAIL
Io< 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RLY3
LOGA Generate circuit breaker maintenance
0 ≥1 records
1
RLY7
LOG7 Latch flags
0 ≥1 Generate fault records and
1 I> ≥1 Copy to events records
Io>
The close sequence can be interrupted by breaking the link, from the output of
tAUX3 to the logic input initiating tAUX1 (or tAUX2, whichever is being used), with
a push-button or an alternative position on the key switch. Note that these timers
have very wide setting ranges and that the delay is in the order of 20 to 30
seconds only.
Where no auxiliary timers are available the close pulse could be initiated by
energising a logic input assigned in the input mask [0A08 Lclose] via a push
button connected via a twisted pair of wires of sufficient length. If an auxiliary
timer is available and is connected in the initiating path it would add to the
security.
The information gathered by the relay can be of assistance in determining the need
for circuit breaker maintenance. The circuit breaker opening time is recorded under
FAULT RECORDS. If this value is monitored, any significant increase may be used
as an indication that circuit breaker maintenance is required.
Additionally the number of circuit breaker operations is recorded under
MEASUREMENTS (2). An indication of the summated contact breaking duty which
is recorded separately for each phase will also be found under this heading.
Types KCGG 122, 142
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 and
KCEU 142, 242
Overcurrent and Directional Overcurrent
Relays
Service Manual
Chapter 7
Technical Data
SERVICE MANUAL R8551D
KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 7
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Contents
KCEU 142, 242
1. RATINGS 1
1.1 Inputs 1
1.2 Outputs 1
2. BURDENS 2
2.1 Current circuits 2
2.2 Reference voltage 2
2.3 Auxiliary voltage 3
2.4 Opto-isolated inputs 3
3. OVERCURRENT SETTING RANGES 3
3.1 Auxiliary powered relays 3
3.2 Dual powered relays 3
4. TIME SETTING RANGES 4
4.1 Inverse definite minimum time (IDMT) 4
4.2 Definite independent time 5
4.3 Auxiliary time delays 5
5. OTHER PROTECTION SETTINGS 5
5.1 Directional 5
5.2 Thermal 5
5.3 Undervoltage 6
5.4 Underfrequency 6
5.5 Ratios 6
6. MEASUREMENT (DISPLAYED) 6
7. ACCURACY 6
7.1 Reference conditions 6
7.2 Current 6
7.3 Time delays 7
7.4 Directional 7
7.5 Thermal 7
7.6 Undervoltage 7
7.7 Under frequency 7
7.8 Auxiliary timers 8
7.9 Measurements 8
8. INFLUENCING QUANTITIES 8
8.1 Ambient temperature 8
8.2 Frequency 8
8.2.1 With frequency tracking 8
8.2.2 Without frequency tracking (KCGG 122 KCEG 112) 8
8.3 Auxiliary supply 9
8.4 System X/R 9
9. OPTO-ISOLATED INPUTS 9
10. Output Relays 10
10.1 Output relays 0 to 7 10
10.2 Watchdog 10
11. OPERATION INDICATOR 10
12. COMMUNICATION PORT 10
13. CURRENT TRANSFORMER REQUIREMENTS 10
14. HIGH VOLTAGE WITHSTAND 12
SERVICE MANUAL R8551D
KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 7
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Contents
KCEU 142, 242
Section 1. RATINGS
1.1 Inputs
Current input Rated (In) Continuous 3s 1s
(In) (A) (xIn) (xIn) (A)
Auxiliary powered 1 3.2 30 100
5 3.2 30 400
Dual powered 1 2.4 30 100
5 2.4 30 400
Operative range
Auxiliary voltage Rated voltage DC supply AC supply Crest
(Vx) (V) (V) (V) (V)
Auxiliary powered 24-125 19-150 50-133 190
48-250 33-300 87-265 380
Dual powered 100-250 60-300 60-265 380
1.2 Outputs
Field Voltage 48V dc (Current limited to 60mA)
Capacitor Trip 50V dc (680µF capacitor - Energy = 0.85J)
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KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 7
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 2 of 18
KCEU 142, 242
Section 2. BURDENS
k
+c
t = TMS I a Ð1 seconds
Is
Although the curves tend to infinity at the setting current value (Is), the guaranteed
minimum operation current is 1.05Is ±0.05Is for all inverse characteristic curves,
except curve 10 for which the minimum operating current is 1.6Is ±0.05Is
(see section on rectifier protection).
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KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 5 of 18
KCEU 142, 242
5.1 Directional
Characteristic angle (Øc) –180°.....0°.....+180°
Operating boundary Øc ±90° (±85° for wattmetric)
Voltage threshold Vp> 0.6V for Vn = 110V
2.4V for Vn = 440V
Voltage threshold Vop> 0.6V to 80V – step 0.2V for Vn = 110V
2.4V to 320V – step 0.8V for Vn = 440V
Additional settings for KCEU 142/242 relays
Po> (1A) 0 – 20W 50mW steps
Po> (2A) 0 – 100W 250mW steps
5.2 Thermal
Time Constant 1 to 120 minutes – step 1 minute
Current Rating Ith> 0.08In to 3.2In – step 0.01In
Thermal alarm level th> 0 – 110% of Ith> 1% of Ith> steps
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KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 6 of 18
KCEU 142, 242
5.3 Undervoltage
Undervoltage (V<) 0 to 220V for Vn = 110V
0 to 880V for Vn = 440V
5.4 Underfrequency
Under frequency (F<) 46 to 64Hz step 0.01Hz
Reset F<+0.05Hz
Underfrequency function is not available on KCEU 142/242 relays
5.5 Ratios
CT ratios 9999 : 1 Default = 1 : 1
VT ratios 9999 : 1 Default = 1 : 1
Section 7. ACCURACY
Language Courier
Transmission Synchronous – RS485 voltage levels
Format HDLC
Baud Rate 64kbit/s
K-Bus Cable Screened twisted pair
Length 1000m
Bus Loading 32 units (mulitdrop system)
Where the criteria for a specific application are in excess of those detailed above,
or the actual lead resistance exceeds the limiting value quoted, the CT
requirements may need to be increased. CT requirements for a variety of further
applications are provided in publication R6096.
Auxiliary powered relays – KCGG 122, 142 and KCEG 112, 142,
152 and KCEU 142
Relay and CT Nominal Accuracy Accuracy Limiting lead
secondary rating output class limit factor resistance
(one way)
1A 2.5VA 10P 20 0.6Ω
5A 7.5VA 10P 20 0.06Ω
Configuration:
Standard 0 1
Customer Settings (standard only) X X
Reduced input/output 0 2
Customer settings (reduced I/O) X Y
Case size:
Size 4 Midos flush mounting D
Auxiliary voltage:
24/125V 2
48/250V 5
Not used
CT rating:
1A CT standard (0.005In to 0.8In for earth faults) C
1A CT special (0.02In to 3.2In for earth faults) D
5A CT standard (0.005In to 0.8In for earth faults) E
5A CT special (0.02In to 3.2In for earth faults) F
Language:
English E
French F
German G
Spanish S
Configuration:
Standard 0 1
Case size:
Size 4 Midos flush mounting (KCEG112 only) D
Size 6 Midos flush mounting (KCEG142/152 only) F
Size 8 Midos flush mounting (KCEG242 only) H
Auxiliary voltage:
24/125V (except KCEG242) 2
48/250V (except KCEG242) 5
110/250V (KCEG242 only) 9
Operating voltage:
110V ac; 50-60Hz 1
440V ac; 50-60Hz 4
CT rating:
1A CT standard (0.005In to 0.8In for earth faults) (0.005In to 0.6In for earth faults) C
1A CT special (0.02In to 3.2In for earth faults) (0.002In to 2.4In for earth faults) D
5A CT standard (0.005In to 0.8In for earth faults) (0.005In to 0.6In for earth faults) E
5A CT special (0.02In to 3.2In for earth faults) (0.02In to 2.4In for earth faults) F
Language:
English E
French F
German G
Spanish S
SERVICE MANUAL R8551D
KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 7
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 15 of 18
KCEU 142, 242
Configuration:
Standard 0 1
Case size:
Size 6 Midos flush mounting (KCEU 142 only) F
Size 8 Midos flush mounting (KCEU 242 only) H
Auxiliary voltage:
24/125V (except KCEU242) 2
48/250V (except KCEU242) 5
110/250V (KCEU242 only) 9
Operating voltage:
110V ac; 50-60Hz 1
440V ac; 50-60Hz 4
CT rating:
1A CT standard (0.005In to 0.8In for earth faults) (0.005In to 0.6In for earth faults) C
1A CT special (0.02In to 3.2In for earth faults) (0.002In to 2.4In for earth faults) D
5A CT standard (0.005In to 0.8In for earth faults) (0.005In to 0.6In for earth faults) E
5A CT special (0.02In to 3.2In for earth faults) (0.02In to 2.4In for earth faults) F
Language:
English E
French F
German G
Spanish S
SERVICE MANUAL R8551D
KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 7
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 16 of 18
KCEU 142, 242
The operating criteria for each element have been chosen to suit the applications
for which it is most likely to be used. Knowing how these elements respond under
operating conditions will help to apply them effectively.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Harmonic
frequency, and a substantial output is produced for the 2nd harmonic of the system
frequency and also for the 3rd, etc. Hence it is for this reason the relays are
restricted to tracking the phase quantities and do not track earth fault signals.
Figure 3: Frequency response when relay responds to both peak and Fourier values
Chapter 8
Commissioning
SERVICE MANUAL R8551D
KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 8
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Contents
KCEU 142, 242
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. PRODUCT SETTING FAMILIARISATION 1
3. EQUIPMENT REQUIRED FOR TESTING 3
3.1 Minimum equipment required for KCGG relays 3
3.2 Additional equipment required for KCEG and KCEU relays 3
3.3 Optional equipment 3
4. PRODUCT VERIFICATION TESTS 3
4.1 With the relay de-energised 4
4.1.1 Visual inspection 4
4.1.2 Insulation 5
4.1.3 External wiring 5
4.1.4 Watchdog contacts 5
4.1.5 Auxiliary supply 6
4.2 With the relay energised 6
4.2.1 Watchdog contacts 6
4.2.2 Light emitting diodes (LEDs) 6
4.2.3 Liquid crystal display (LCD) 7
4.2.4 Field supply 7
4.2.5 Capacitor trip voltage (KCEG 242 and KCEU 242 relays only) 7
4.2.6 Input opto-isolators 7
4.2.7 Output relays 8
4.2.8 Communications ports 9
4.2.9 Current inputs 9
4.2.10 Voltage inputs (KCEG and KCEU relays only) 10
4.2.11 Energisation from line current transformers
(KCEG 242 and KCEU 242 only) 10
5. SETTING TESTS 11
5.1 Apply customer settings 11
5.2 Ckeck settings 11
5.3 Demonstrate correct relay operation 11
5.3.1 Non-directional phase fault test (KCGG 122/142 relays) 11
5.3.1.1 Connect the test circuit 11
5.3.1.2 Perform the test 12
5.3.1.3 Check the operating time 12
5.3.2 Directional phase fault test (KCEG 142/242 and KCEU 142/242 relays) 12
5.3.2.1 Connect the test circuit 12
5.3.2.2 Perform boundary of operation test 13
5.3.2.3 Perform the timing test 14
5.3.3 Directional earth fault function test (KCEG 112/152 relays) 14
5.3.3.1 Connect the test circuit 14
5.3.3.2 Perform boundary of operation test 14
5.3.3.3 Perform the timing test 15
SERVICE MANUAL R8551D
KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 8
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Contents
KCEU 142, 242
6. ON-LOAD CHECKS 15
6.1 Check current and voltage transformer connections
(KCEG and KCEU relays) 15
6.1.1 Voltage connections 15
6.1.2 Current connections 16
6.2 Check current transformer connections (KCGG relays) 16
7. FINAL CHECKS 17
8. PROBLEM SOLVING 18
8.1 Password lost or not accepted 18
8.2 Protection settings 18
8.2.1 Settings for high sets not displayed 18
8.2.2 Second setting group not displayed 18
8.2.3 Function links can not be changed 18
8.2.4 Curve selection can not be changed 18
8.3 Alarms 19
8.3.1 Watchdog alarm 19
8.3.2 Cell [0022 Alarms] link 0 = ‘1’ 19
8.3.3 Cell [0022 Alarms] link 1 = ‘1’ 19
8.3.4 Cell [0022 Alarms] link 2 = ‘1’ 20
8.3.5 Cell [0022 Alarms] link 3 = ‘1’ 20
8.3.6 Cell [0022 Alarms] link 4 = ‘1’ 20
8.3.7 Cell [0022 Alarms] link 5 = ‘1’ 20
8.3.8 Cell [0022 Alarms] link 7 = ‘1’ 20
8.3.9 Fault flags will not reset 20
8.4 Records 20
8.4.1 Problems with event records 20
8.4.2 Problems with disturbance records 21
8.5 Circuit breaker maintenance records 22
8.6 Communications 22
8.6.1 Measured values do not change 22
8.6.2 Relay no longer responding 22
8.6.3 No response to remote control commands 22
8.7 Output relays remain picked up 23
8.8 Thermal state 23
8.8.1 Thermal state reset to zero 23
8.8.2 Thermal ammeter time constants 23
SERVICE MANUAL R8551D
KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 8
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Contents
KCEU 142, 242
9. MAINTENANCE 23
9.1 Remote testing 23
9.2 Maintenance checks 24
921 Remote testing 24
9.2.1.1 Alarms 24
9.2.1.2 Measurement accuracy 24
9.2.1.3 Trip test 24
9.2.1.4 Circuit breaker maintenance 25
9.2.2 Local testing 25
9.2.2.1 Alarms 25
9.2.2.2 Measurement accuracy 25
9.2.2.3 Trip test 25
9.2.2.4 Circuit breaker maintenance 25
9.2.2.5 Additional tests 25
9.3 Method of repair 26
9.3.1 Replacing a PCB 26
9.3.1.1 Replacement of user interface 26
9.3.1.2 Replacement of main processor board 26
9.3.1.3 Replacement of auxiliary expansion board 26
9.3.2 Replacing output relays 27
9.3.3 Replacing the power supply board 27
9.3.4 Replacing the back plane (size 4 and 6 cases) 27
9.4 Recalibration 27
Section 1. INTRODUCTION
The KCEG, KCGG and KCEU relays are fully numerical in their design,
implementing all protection and non-protection functions in software. The relays
employ a high degree of self-checking and, in the unlikely event of a failure, will
give an alarm. As a result of this, the commissioning tests do not need to be as
thorough as with non-numeric electronic or electro-mechanical relays.
To commission numeric relays it is only necessary to verify that the hardware is
functioning correctly and the application-specific software settings have been
applied to the relay. It is considered unnecessary to test every function of the relay
if the settings have been verified by one of the following methods:
• Extracting the settings applied to the relay using appropriate setting software
(Preferred method)
• Via the operator interface.
To confirm that the product is operating correctly once the customer’s settings have
been applied, a test should be performed on a single element.
Unless previously agreed to the contrary, the customer will be responsible for
determining the application-specific settings to be applied and testing scheme logic
applied by external customer wiring.
Blank commissioning test and setting records are provided in Appendix 4 for
completion as required.
Before carrying out any work on the equipment, the user should be
familiar with the contents of the ‘Safety Section’ and Chapter 2,
‘Handling and Installation’ of this manual.
When commissioning a KCEG, KCGG or KCEU relay for the first time, sufficient
time should be allowed to become familiar with the method by which settings are
applied.
Chapter 3, Section 3 contains a detailed description of the menu structure of the
KCEG, KCGG and KCEU relays but the key functions are summarised in Table 1.
With the cover in place only the [F] and [0] keys are accessible. Data can only be
read or flag and counter functions reset. No protection or configuration settings
can be changed.
Removing the cover allows access to the [+] and [–] keys so that all settings can be
changed and there is greater mobility around the menu.
In Table 1, [F] long indicates that the key is pressed for at least 1 second and
[F] short for less than 0.5 second. This allows the same key to perform more than
one function.
Alternatively, if a portable PC is available together with a K-Bus interface and
suitable setting software, the menu can be viewed a page at a time to display a
full column of data and text. Settings are also more easily entered and the final
settings can be saved to a file on a disk for future reference or printing a
permanent record. Refer to the software user manual for details and allow sufficient
time to become familiar with its operation if it is being used for the first time.
SERVICE MANUAL R8551D
KCGG 122, 142 Chapter 8
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 2 of 28
KCEU 142, 242
These product checks cover all aspects of the relay that need to be checked to
ensure that it has not been physically damaged prior to commissioning, is
functioning correctly and all measurements are within the stated tolerances.
If the application-specific settings have been applied to the relay prior to
commissioning, it is advisable to make a copy of the settings so as to allow their
restoration later. This can be done by:
• Obtaining a setting file on a diskette from the customer (this requires a portable
PC with appropriate software for downloading the settings to the relay.)
• Extracting the settings from the product itself (this again requires a portable PC
with appropriate software.)
• Manually creating a setting record. This could be done using a copy of the
setting record located in Appendix 4.
If the customer has changed the password preventing unauthorised changes to
some of the settings, either the revised password should be provided or the
customer should restore the original password prior to commencement of testing.
Note: In the event that the password has been lost, a recovery password can be
obtained from AREVA T&D by quoting the model
and serial numbers of the particular relay. The recovery password is unique
to that relay and will not work on any other relay.
SERVICE MANUAL R8551D
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KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 4 of 28
KCEU 142, 242
4.1.2 Insulation
Insulation resistance tests only need to be done during commissioning if the
customer requires them to be done and if they have not been performed during
installation.
If insulation resistance tests are required, isolate the relay trip contacts and re-insert
the relay module.
Isolate all wiring from the earth and test the insulation with an electronic or
brushless insulation tester at a dc voltage not exceeding 500V and internal
impedance greater than 100Mý. Terminals of the same circuits should be
temporarily strapped together.
The main groups of relay terminals are:
a) Voltage transformer circuits
b) Current transformer circuits
c) Auxiliary voltage supply
d) Field voltage output and opto-isolated control inputs
e) Relay contacts
f) Communication port
g) Case earth
On completion of the insulation resistance tests, ensure all external wiring is
correctly reconnected to the unit.
4.1.3 External wiring
Check that the external wiring is correct to the relevant relay diagram or scheme
diagram. The relay diagram number appears on a label on the left-hand, inside
face of the case and the corresponding connection diagram can be found in
Appendix 3 of this manual. If a connection diagram from the service manual is
used, the customer’s mask allocations for the input opto-isolators and output relays
should be checked to see which functions have been configured in each mask.
If an MMLG test block is provided, the connections should be checked against the
scheme diagram. It is recommended that the supply connections are to the live side
of the test block (coloured orange with the odd numbered terminals (1, 3, 5, 7
etc.)). The auxiliary supply is normally routed via terminals 13 (supply positive) and
15 (supply negative), with terminals 14 and 16 connected to the relays positive
and negative auxiliary supply terminals respectively. However, check the wiring
against the schematic diagram for the installation to ensure compliance with the
customer’s normal practice.
4.1.4 Watchdog contacts
If not already done to perform the insulation resistance tests, isolate the relay trip
contacts and re-insert the relay module. Using a continuity tester, check the
watchdog contacts are in the states given in Table 2 for a de-energised relay.
It should be noted that the relay can withstand an ac ripple of up to 12% of the
upper rated voltage on the dc auxiliary supply. However, in all cases the peak
value of the auxiliary supply must not exceed the maximum crest voltage. Do not
energise the relay using the battery charger with the battery disconnected as this
can seriously damage the relays power supply circuitry.
Energise the relay if the auxiliary supply is within the operating range. If an MMLG
test block is provided, it may be necessary to link across the front of the test plug to
restore the auxiliary supply to the relay.
4.2 With the relay energised
The following group of tests verify that the relay hardware and software is
functioning correctly and should be carried out with the auxiliary supply applied to
the relay.
The measured currents and voltages must not be applied to the relay for these
checks.
4.2.1 Watchdog contacts
Using a continuity tester, check the watchdog contacts are in the states given in
Table 2 for an energised relay.
Note: This test can not be performed with dual powered relays because their
watchdog contacts work in a different way to those of an auxiliary powered
relay (ie. they do not give an alarm when the supply fails and only pick-up
when the relay is not healthy).
4.2.2 Light emitting diodes (LEDs)
On power up the green LED should have illuminated and stayed on indicating the
relay is healthy. The relay has non-volatile memory which remembers the state (on
or off) of the yellow alarm and red trip LED indicators when the relay was last
powered, and therefore these indicators may also be on.
If either the alarm or trip, or both LEDs are on then these should be reset before
proceeding with further testing. If the LEDs successfully reset (the LED goes out),
there is no testing required for that LED because it is known to be operational.
Testing the alarm LED
The alarm LED can simply be tested by entering the password in the
[0002 Password] cell as this will cause it to flash.
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KCEU 142, 242
Opto-isolator L0 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7
Terminal number 46 48 50 45 47 49 51 53
The status of each opto-isolated input can be viewed using cell [0020 Log Status].
When each opto-isolated input is energised one of the characters on the bottom
line of the display will change to indicate the new state of the inputs. The number
printed on the frontplate under the display will identify which opto-isolated input
each character represents. A ‘1’ indicates an energised state and a ‘0’ indicates a
de-energised state..
4.2.7 Output relays
This test is to check that all the output relays are functioning correctly.
With the password entered (use the [0002 Password]), set relay mask [0B0D CB
Trip] bit 0 to ‘1’ and the rest (bits 1 to 7) to ‘0’.
Connect an audible continuity tester across the terminals corresponding to output
relay 0 given in Table 5. Select the [0010 CB Control] cell and press the [+] key
until ‘Trip CB’ is displayed. Press the [F] once followed by the [+] key to confirm
the change.
Operation of output relay 0 will be confirmed by the continuity tester sounding for
the duration of the trip pulse time in the [0906 tTRIP] cell.
Repeat the test for output relays 1 to 3 inclusive for a KCEG 112, KCGG 142 02
or KCGG 122 relay and relays 1 to 7 inclusive for the remaining KCEG 142/
152/242, KCGG 142 or KCEU 142/242 relays.
4.2.11 Energisation from line current transformers (KCEG 242 and KCEU 242 only)
This test ensures that the KCEG 242 or KCEU 242 relays will operate from the line
current transformers should the auxiliary voltage be unavailable or has failed. The
currents used in the tests are the minimum values for which the relay should
operate, regardless of setting.
Remove the auxiliary supply from the relay. Inject the current stated in Table 8 to
the relay terminals specified.
In each case the relay should power up correctly with the LCD showing the default
display and the green healthy LED illuminated.
Repeat the field supply and capacitor trip voltage tests (4.2.4 and 4.2.5
respectively) with the relay powered from the injected current.
Note: For 0.2 x In, the relay may chatter due to the loading effect of the
energised output relays. This is unlikely to occur when the relay is in
service because it will not be powered from the earth fault current only.
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KCEU 142, 242
The setting checks ensure that all the predetermined settings for the particular
installation (customer’s settings) have been correctly applied to the relay and that
the relay is operating correctly at those settings. If the customer settings are not
available, ignore sections 5.1 and 5.2 and perform the tests in section 5.3 at the
factory default settings.
5.1 Apply customer settings
There are two methods of applying the settings:
• Downloading them to the relay using a portable PC running the appropriate
software via a KITZ protocol converter. If a KITZ is not installed as part of the
customer’s scheme, one will have to be temporarily connected to the K-Bus
terminals of the relay. This method is preferred as it is much faster and there is
less margin for error.
If a setting file has been created by the customer and provided on a diskette,
this will further reduce the commissioning time.
• Enter them manually via the relays operator interface.
5.2 Check settings
The settings applied should be carefully checked against the customer’s desired
settings to ensure they have been entered correctly. However, this is not considered
essential if a customer-prepared setting file has been downloaded to the relay
using a portable PC.
There are two methods of checking the settings:
• Extract the settings from the relay using a portable PC running the appropriate
software via a KITZ protocol converter and compare with the customer’s original
setting record. (For cases where the customer has only provided a printed copy
of the required settings but a portable PC is available).
• Step through the settings using the relays operator interface and compare them
with the customer’s original setting record.
5.3 Demonstrate correct relay operation
This test, performed on a single element, demonstrates that the relay is functioning
correctly at the customers chosen settings.The test performed will depend on the
protection functions provided by the relay under test. The test is usually on stage 1
of the phase fault function, except KCEG 112 and KCEG 152 where stage 1 of
the directional earth fault function is tested.
5.3.1 Non-directional phase fault test (KCGG 122/142 relays)
This test demonstrates that stage 1 of the KCGG phase fault function [t>] operates
within the stated tolerance at the customer settings.
5.3.1.1 Connect the test circuit
Determine which output relay has been selected to operate when a t> trip occurs.
If the trip outputs are phase-segregated (ie. a different output relay allocated for
each phase), the relay assigned in cell [0B08 tA>] should be used. The associated
terminal numbers can be found either from the external connection diagram
(Appendix 3) or Table 5 above.
Connect the output relay so that its operation will trip the test set and stop the timer.
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Connect the current output of the test set to terminals 21 and 22 (‘A’ phase current
transformer input) of the relay and ensure that the timer will start when the current
is applied to the relay.
5.3.1.2 Perform the test
Ensure that the timer is reset.
Apply a current of twice the setting in cell [0605 I>] to the KCGG and note the
time displayed when the timer stops.
5.3.1.3 Check the operating time
Check that the operating time recorded by the timer is within the range shown in
Table 9.
Note: The operating given in Table 9 are for a TMS of 1. Therefore, to obtain the
operating time for other TMS settings, the time given in Table 9 must be
multiplied by the relays actual TMS setting. This setting can be found in
cell [0606 t>/TMS]). In addition, there is an additional tolerance of up to
0.04 second that should be taken into account.
5.3.2 Directional phase fault test (KCEG 142/242 and KCEU 142/242 relays)
This test demonstrates that stage 1of the KCEG or KCEU phase fault function [t>]
operates within the stated tolerance at the customer settings. If cell [0601 PF Links]
has been set to ‘0’, stage 1 [t>] function has been set for non-directional operation
and hence should be tested as per a KCGG 142 (ie. use test 5.3.1).
If a KCEG 242 or KCEU 242 relay is being tested, it is recommended that the
relay is energised from an auxiliary voltage supply as this will reduce the burden
imposed by the relay on the current injection test set.
5.3.2.1 Connect the test circuit
Determine which output relay has been selected to operate when a t> trip occurs.
If the trip outputs are phase-segregated (ie. a different output relay allocated for
each phase), the relay assigned in cell [0B08 tA>] should be used. The associated
terminal numbers can be found either from the external connection diagram
(Appendix 3) or Table 5 above.
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Connect the output relay so that its operation will trip the test set and stop the timer.
Connect the test equipment as shown in Figure 1. Care should be taken to ensure
that the correct polarities are connected to the phase angle meter. Adjust the phase
shifter so that the phase angle meter reads 0°.
A
A 18
B B VBC
C C
N 19
N
Phase Relay
angle
meter
R
21
IA
22
A 19
A
B B Vo
C C
N 20
N
Phase
angle Relay
meter
A 27
Current
injection Io
test set
28
Note: If the customer settings have no output relays assigned in relay masks
[0B01 Io> Fwd] or [0B02 Io> Rev] then an output relay should
temporarily be assigned in relay mask [0B01 Io> Fwd]. This will allow the
boundary test to be performed.
Taking positive phase angles as the current leading the voltage and negative
phase angles as the current lagging the voltage, adjust the phase shifting
transformer so the phase angle meter reads 180°+RCA. Check that the reverse
start contacts have closed and the forward start contacts are open.
The correct polarity of connection for operation with forward current flow is current
flowing in through terminal 27 and out of terminal 28.
Rotate the phase shifting transformer so the phase lag is decreasing or the phase
lead is increasing on the phase angle meter and continue until the forward start
contacts close and the reverse contacts open. Note the angle on the phase angle
meter and check it is within the 5% of either RCA–90° or RCA+90°. Rotate the
phase shifting transformer in the opposite direction to check the other operating
boundary.
If an output relay has been temporarily assigned in the relay mask [0B01 Io> Fwd]
to allow the boundary test to be performed, return the mask to the customer’s
setting.
5.3.3.3 Perform the timing test
Ensure that the timer is reset.
Depending on the rating of the phase meter being used, it may be necessary to
short-circuit it with a wire link or remove it entirely to prevent thermal damage due
to the currents used for the timing test.
Apply a current of twice the setting in cell [0505 Io>] to the KCEG and note the
time displayed when the timer stops.
Check that the operating time recorded by the timer is within the range shown in
Table 9.
Remove all test leads, temporary shorting leads, etc. and replace any external
wiring that has been removed to allow testing.
If it has been necessary to disconnect any of the external wiring from the relay in
order to perform any of the above tests, it should be ensured that all connections
are replaced in accordance with the relevant external connection or scheme
diagram.
The following on-load measuring checks ensure that the external (customer) wiring
to the current and voltage inputs is correct but can only be carried out if there are
no restrictions preventing the energisation of the plant being protected.
6.1 Check current and voltage transformer connections
(KCEG and KCEU relays)
These tests alone are not conclusive that the phase connections to the relay are
correct. A phase angle measurement is required for conclusive testing.
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If the current transformer ratios (cells [0502 CT Ratio] and [0602 CT Ratio] for
earth and phase currents respectively) are set to 1:1, the displayed values are in
secondary amperes. The relay values should be within 5% of the applied
secondary currents.
Otherwise, if the current transformer ratios (cells [0502 CT Ratio] and [0602 CT
Ratio] for earth and phase currents respectively) are set greater than 1:1, the
displayed values are in primary amperes. In this case the relay values will be
equal to the applied secondary currents multiplied by the appropriate current
transformer ratio setting. Again the relay values should be within 5%.
It should be noted that earth fault relays are not energised under normal load
conditions and it is therefore necessary to simulate a phase to neutral fault. It is
therefore necessary to temporarily disconnect one or two of the line current
transformer connections to the relay and short the terminals of these current
transformer secondary windings.
Before carrying out any work on the equipment, the user should be
familiar with the ‘Safety Section’ and Chapter 2 ‘Handling and
Installation’, of this manual.
8.1 Password lost or not accepted
Relays are supplied with the password set to AAAA.
Only uppercase letters are accepted.
Password can be changed by the user, see Chapter 3, Section 3.
There is an additional unique recovery password associated with the relay which
can be supplied by the factory, or service agent, if given details of its serial
number.
The serial number will be found in cell [0008 Serial No.] and should correspond to
the number on the label at the top right hand corner of the frontplate of the relay.
If they differ, quote the one in cell [0008 Serial No.].
8.2 Protection settings
8.2.1 Settings for high sets not displayed
For Group 1 settings:
Set cell [0601 PF Links] link 1 to ‘1’ to turn on I>> settings.
Set cell [0601 PF Links] link 2 to ‘1’ to turn on I>>> settings.
Set cell [0501 EF Links] link 1 to ‘1’ to turn on Io>> settings.
Set cell [0501 EF Links] link 2 to ‘1’ to turn on Io>>> settings.
For Group 2 settings:
Set cell [0801 PF Links] link 1 to ‘1’ to turn on I>> settings.
Set cell [0801 PF Links] link 2 to ‘1’ to turn on I>>> settings.
Set cell [0701 EF Links] link 1 to ‘1’ to turn on Io>> settings.
Set cell [0701 EF Links] link 2 to ‘1’ to turn on Io>>> settings.
8.2.2 Second setting group not displayed
Set cell [0003 SD Links] link 4 to ‘1’ to turn on the group 2 settings.
8.2.3 Function links can not be changed
Enter the password in cell [0002 Password] as these menu cells are protected.
Links are not selectable if associated text is not displayed.
8.2.4 Curve selection can not be changed
Enter the password in cell [0002 Password] as these menu cells are protected.
Curves may not have been selectable in the particular relay.
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8.3 Alarms
If the watchdog relay operates, first check that the relay is energised from the
auxiliary supply. If it is, then try to determine the cause of the problem by
examining the alarm flags in cell [0022 Alarms]. This will not be possible if the
display is not responding to key presses. Having attempted to determine the cause
of the alarm it may be possible to return the relay to an operable state by resetting
it. To do this, remove the auxiliary power supply from the relay for approximately
10 seconds before re-establishing the supply. If the relay is powered from the CT
circuit as well, remove this source of supply also, possibly by withdrawing the
module from its case. The relay should return to an operating state.
Recheck the alarm status in cell [0022 Alarms] if the alarm LED is still indicating an
alarm state. The following notes will give further guidance:
8.3.1 Watchdog alarm
Auxiliary powered relays: the watchdog relay will pick up when the relay is
operational to indicate a healthy state, with its “normally open” contact closed.
When an alarm condition that requires some action to be taken is detected, the
watchdog relay resets and its “normally closed” contact will close to give an
alarm.
Note: The green LED will usually follow the operation of the watchdog relay.
Dual powered relays: the watchdog relay operates in a slightly different way on
this version of the relay, because it does not initiate an alarm for loss of the
auxiliary power supply. This is because the auxiliary power supply may be taken
from an insecure source or the relay may be powered solely from the current
circuit. Operation of the watchdog is therefore inverted so that it will pick-up for a
failed condition, closing its “make” contact to give an alarm and in the normal
condition it will remain dropped-off with its “break” contact closed to indicate that
it is in a healthy state.
Note: The green LED will usually operate in the opposite way to the watchdog
relay (ie. the LED will be on when the watchdog relay is de-energised and
vice versa).
There is no shorting contact across the case terminals connected to the “break”
contact of the watchdog relay. Therefore, the indication for a failed/healthy relay
will be cancelled when the relay is removed from its case.
If the relay is still functioning, the actual problem causing the alarm can be found
from the alarm records in cell [0022 Alarms] (see Chapter 3, Section 7.1).
8.3.2 Cell [0022 Alarms] link 0 = ‘1’
For an ‘Uncfg’ configuration alarm, the protection is stopped and no longer
performing its intended function as there will be an error in the factory
configuration settings.
To return the relay to a servicable state, the initial factory configuration will have to
be reloaded and the relay re-calibrated. It is recommended that the work be
carried out at the factory, or entrusted to an approved service centre.
8.3.3 Cell [0022 Alarms] link 1 = ‘1’
For an ‘Uncalib’ calibration alarm, the protection will still be operational but there
will be an error in its calibration that will require attention. It may be left running
provided the error does not cause any problems with incorrect tripping.
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To return the relay to a servicable state, the initial factory configuration will have to
be reloaded and the relay re-calibrated. It is recommended that the work be
carried out at the factory, or entrusted to an approved service centre.
8.3.4 Cell [0022 Alarms] link 2 = ‘1’
A ‘Setting’ alarm indicates that the area of non-volatile memory where the selected
protection settings are stored has been corrupted. The current settings should be
checked against those applied at the commissioning stage or any later changes
that have been made.
If a personal computer (PC) is used during commissioning then it is recommended
that the final settings applied to the relay are copied to a floppy disk with the serial
number of the relay used as the file name. The settings can then be readily loaded
back into the relay if necessary, or to a replacement relay.
8.3.5 Cell [0022 Alarms] link 3 = ‘1’
The ‘No Service’ alarm flag can only be observed when the relay is in the
calibration or configuration mode when the protection programme will be stopped.
8.3.6 Cell [0022 Alarms] link 4 = ‘1’
The ‘No Samples’ alarm flag indicates that there is no output from the analogue to
digital converter, although the relay will remain in service. If this flag should be set
to ‘1’, please contact the factory or an approved service centre for advice.
8.3.7 Cell [0022 Alarms] link 5 = ‘1’
The ‘No Fourier’ alarm flag indicates that the Fourier analysis algorithm is no
longer running. If this flag should be set to ‘1’, please contact the factory or an
approved service centre for advice.
8.3.8 Cell [0022 Alarms] link 7 = ‘1’
The ‘CB ops’ alarm flag indicates that, since the operations counter was last reset,
the circuit breaker has operated the number of times that has been set in cell
[0C07 CB Ops>].
The circuit breaker operations counter can be viewed and reset using cell
[0310 Sum (ops)].
8.3.9 Fault flags will not reset
These flags can only be reset when the flags Fn are being displayed or by resetting
the fault records (cell [0110 Clear=0]). For more details refer to Chapter 3,
Section 4.15.
8.4 Records
8.4.1 Problems with event records
Fault records will only be generated if RLY3 is operated as this relay is the trigger
to store the records.
Fault records can be generated in response to another protection operating if one
of its trip contacts is used to operate RLY3 via an opto-isolated input on the K relay.
This will result in the fault values, as measured by the K relay, being stored at the
instant RLY3 resets. The flag display (cell [0102 Fn G1]) will include a flag to
identify the auxiliary input that initiated the record.
Fault currents recorded are lower than actual values, as the fault is interrupted
before measurement is completed.
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Few fault records can be stored when changes in the state of logic inputs and relay
outputs are stored in the event records. These inputs and outputs can generate
many events for each fault occurrence and limit the total number of faults that can
be stored. Setting cell [0003 SD Links] Link 7 to ‘0’ will turn off this feature and
allow the maximum number of fault records to be stored.
The event records are erased if the auxiliary supply to the relay is lost for a period
exceeding the hold-up time of the internal power supply.
Events can only be read via the serial communication port and not on the LCD.
Any spare opto-isolated inputs may be used to log changes of state of external
contacts in the event record buffer of the K relay. The opto-isolated input does not
have to be assigned to a particular function in order to achieve this (ie. it does not
have to be assigned in any of the input masks).
The oldest event is overwritten by the next event to be stored when the buffer
becomes full.
When a master station has successfully read a record, it usually clears it
automatically. When all records have been read, the event bit in the status byte
within the master station programme is set to ‘0’ to indicate that there are no
longer any records to be retrieved.
8.4.2 Problems with disturbance records
Only one record can be held in the buffer and the recorder must be reset before
another record can be stored. Automatic reset can be achieved by setting function
link [0003 SD Links] link 6 to ‘1’. It will then reset the disturbance recorder 3
seconds after a current, greater than the undercurrent setting, has been restored to
the protected circuit.
The disturbance records are erased if the auxiliary supply to the relay is lost for a
period exceeding the hold-up time of the internal power supply.
Disturbance records can only be read via the serial communication port. It is not
possible to display them on the LCD.
No trigger has been selected in cells [0C04 Logic Trig] or [0F05 Relay Trig] to
initiate the storing of a disturbance record.
The disturbance recorder is automatically reset on restoration of current above the
undercurrent setting for greater than 3 seconds. Change function link [0003 SD
Links] link 6 to ‘0’ to select manual reset.
Post trigger (cell [0C03 Post Trigger]) is set to maximum value. Thus the relay is
missing the fault.
When a master station has successfully read a record, it will clear the record
automatically and the disturbance record bit in the status byte within the master
station programme will then be set to ‘0’ to indicate that there is no longer a
record to be retrieved.
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System data function links settings can not be performed over the communication
link if the remote change of settings has been inhibited by setting cell
[0003 SD Links] link 0 to ‘0’. Change [0003 SD Links] link 0 to ‘1’ manually via
the user interface on the relay first.
Relay is not identified in the Circuit Breaker Control Menu of the Protection Access
Software and Toolkit if two auxiliary circuit breaker contacts have not been
connected to the opto-isolated inputs of the relay, to indicate its position via the
plant status word (cell [000C Plnt Status]). Check input masks [0A0E CB Closed]
and [0A0F CB Open] for correct opto-isolator allocations, and the connections to
the auxiliary contacts of the circuit breaker.
8.7 Output relays remain picked up
Relays remain picked-up when de-selected by link or mask.
If an output relay is operated at the time it is de-selected, either due to a software
link change or by de-selecting it in an output mask, it may remain operated until
the K relay is powered down and up again. After such changes, it is advisable to
remove the auxiliary supply from the relay for at least 10 seconds before re-
energising it.
8.8 Thermal state
8.8.1 Thermal state reset to zero
If the thermal ammeters (displayed in cells [0404 IthA], [0405 IthB] and
[0406 IthC] are reset using an opto-isolated input allocated in cell
[0A11 Reset Ith], this will also reset the thermal state of the thermal protection.
8.8.2 Thermal ammeter time constants
The setting for the time constant (cell [0814 TC]) is shared between the thermal
ammeter and the thermal protection. Priority would normally be given to the
thermal protection.
8.9 Erratic operation at directional characteristic boundaries
If commissioning testing is carried out using a digital secondary injection test set,
there may be an apparent erratic operation at the boundaries of the directional
characteristic. This will be particularly noticeable when observing the operation of
the start relay contacts, which is the method described in the commissioning
instructions in Section 5.3. This is caused by the transitional errors when changing
direction or applying signals instantaneously due to the output quantities changing
in steps rather than linearly. This does not happen with all designs of digital
secondary injection test set.
The problem is easily overcome by using the t>, t>>, t>>>, to>, to>> or to>>>
outputs for indication of relay operation instead of I>. or Io>. These time delays
should then be set to a minimum of 20ms. See also the notes in Chapter 4, Section
6.10 of this manual.
The slight directional indecision of the start relays should not cause any problem as
it will be covered by the short time delays that are applied in the blocking
schemes.
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Section 9. MAINTENANCE
1. If the relay provides phase overcurrent protection, read the load current on each
phase in the MEASURE 1 column. Reduce the stage 1 phase fault setting (cell
[0605 I>]) to a known value that is less than the load current. The relay should
trip in the appropriate time for the given multiple of setting current and time
multiplier setting (cell [0606 t>/TMS]).
The settings can then be returned to their usual value and the circuit breaker re-
closed.
Note: If setting group 2 is not being used for any other purpose, it could be used
for this test by having a lower setting pre-selected and issuing a command
to change the setting group that is in use to initiate the tripping sequence.
2. If the relay is connected for remote control of the circuit breaker then a trip/
close cycle can be performed. This method will not check as much of the
functional circuit of the relay as the previous method but it will not need the
settings of the relay changed.
If a failure to trip occurs, view cell [0021 Rly Status] whilst the test is repeated.
This will check that the output relay is being commanded to operate.
If the test trip is being performed using a trip/close cycle, the output relay assigned
in cell [0B0D CB Trip] should operate and not the main trip relay used by the
protection functions.
If the assigned output relay is not responding then an output relay allocated to a
less essential function may be re-allocated to the trip function to effect a temporary
repair, but a visit to the site may be needed to effect a wiring change. See Chapter
3, Section 4.14 for how to set output relay masks.
9.2.1.4 Circuit breaker maintenance
Maintenance records for the circuit breaker can be obtained at this time by
reading cells [0310 Sum (ops)], [0311 CBdutyA], [0312 CBdutyB], and
[0313 CBdutyC].
9.2.2 Local testing
When testing locally, similar checks to those for remote testing may be carried out
to ensure the relay is functioning correctly.
9.2.2.1 Alarms
The alarm status LED should first be checked to identify if any alarm conditions
exist. The alarm records (cell [0022 Alarms]) can then be read to identify the
nature of any alarm that may exist.
9.2.2.2 Measurement accuracy
The values measured by the relay can be checked against known values injected
into the relay via the test block, if fitted, or injected directly into the relay terminals.
Suitable test methods will be found in Section 4.2.9 and 4.2.10 of this chapter
which deals with commissioning. These tests will prove the calibration accuracy is
being maintained.
9.2.2.3 Trip test
If the relay is configured to provide a trip test via its user interface then this should
be performed to test the output trip relays. If the relay is configured for remote
control of the circuit breaker, the trip test will initiate the remote circuit breaker trip
relay (assigned in cell [0B0D CB Trip]) and not the main trip relay used by the
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protection functions. If the relay provides phase overcurrent protection, the main
trip relay should be tested by reducing the stage 1 phase fault setting (cell [0605
I>]) to a known value that is less than the load current. The relay should trip in the
appropriate time for the given multiple of setting current and time multiplier setting
(cell [0606 t>/TMS]). The settings can then be returned to their usual value and the
circuit breaker re-closed.
Note: If setting group 2 is not being used for any other purpose, it could be used
for this test by having a lower setting pre-selected and issuing a command
to change the setting group that is in use to initiate the tripping sequence.
If the assigned output relay is not responding then an output relay allocated to a
less essential function may be re-allocated to the trip function to effect a temporary
repair. See Chapter 3, Section 4.14 for details on how to set output relay masks.
9.2.2.4 Circuit breaker maintenance
Maintenance records for the circuit breaker can be obtained at this time by
reading cells [0310 Sum (ops)], [0311 CBdutyA], [0312 CBdutyB] and [0313
CBdutyC].
9.2.2.5 Additional tests
Additional tests can be selected from the Commissioning Instructions as required.
9.3 Method of repair
Before carrying out any work on the equipment, the user should be
familiar with the ‘Safety Section’ and Chapter 2 ‘Handling and
Installation’, of this manual. This should ensure that no damage is
caused by incorrect handling of the electronic components.
9.3.1 Replacing a PCB
Re-calibration is not usually required when a PCB is replaced unless it happens to
be one of the two boards that plugs directly on to the left hand terminal block as
these directly affect the calibration.
9.3.1.1 Replacement of user interface
Withdraw the module from its case.
Remove the four screws that are placed one at each corner of the front plate.
Remove the front plate.
Lever the top edge of the user interface board forwards to unclip it from its
mounting.
Pull the PCB upwards to unplug it from the connector at its lower edge.
Replace with a new interface board and re-assemble in the reverse order.
9.3.1.2 Replacement of main processor board
This is the PCB at the extreme left of the module, when viewed from the front.
To replace this board:
First remove the screws holding the side screen in place. There are two screws
through the top plate of the module and two more through the base plate.
Remove screen to expose the PCB.
Remove the two retaining screws, one at the top edge and the other directly below
it on the lower edge of the PCB.
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Separate the PCB from the sockets at the front edge of the board. Note that they
are a tight fit and will require levering apart, taking care to ease the connectors
apart gradually so as not to crack the front PCB card. The connectors are designed
for ease of assembly in manufacture and not for continual disassembly of the unit.
Re-assemble in the reverse of the above sequence, making sure that the screen
plate is replaced with all four screws securing it.
9.3.1.3 Replacement of auxiliary expansion board
This is the second board from the left hand side of the module.
Remove the processor board as described in 9.3.1.2 above.
Remove the two securing screws that hold the auxiliary expansion board in place.
Unplug the PCB from the front bus as described for the processor board and
withdraw.
Replace in reverse order of the above sequence, making sure that the screen plate
is replaced with all four screws securing it.
9.3.2 Replacing output relays
The main processor and auxiliary expansion boards are removed and replaced as
described in Section 9.3.1.2 and 9.3.1.3 above respectively.
It should be noted when replacing output relays that the PCB’s have through plated
holes. Care must therefore be taken not to damage these holes when a component
is removed, otherwise solder may flow through the hole to make a good
connection to the tracks on the component side of the PCB.
9.3.3 Replacing the power supply board
Remove the two screws securing the right hand terminal block to the top plate of
the module.
Remove the two screws securing the right hand terminal block to the bottom plate
of the module.
Unplug the back plane from the power supply board.
Remove the securing screws at the top and bottom of the power supply board.
Withdraw the power supply board from the rear, unplugging it from the front bus.
Re-assemble in the reverse order of the above sequence.
9.3.4 Replacing the back plane (size 4 and 6 cases)
Remove the two screws securing the right hand terminal block to the top plate of
the module.
Remove the two screws securing the right hand terminal block to the bottom plate
of the module.
Unplug the back plane from the power supply board.
Twist outwards and around to the side of the module.
Replace the PCB and terminal block assembly.
Re-assemble in the reverse order of the above sequence.
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9.4 Recalibration
Re-calibration is not usually required when a PCB is replaced unless it happens to
be one of the two boards that plugs directly on to the left hand terminal block as
this one directly affects the calibration.
Although it is possible to carry out recalibration on site, this requires test equipment
with suitable accuracy and a special calibration programme to run on a PC. It is
therefore recommended that the work is carried out at the factory, or entrusted to
an approved service centre.
After calibration, the relay will need to have all the settings required for the
application re-entered if a replacement board has been fitted. Therefore, it is useful
if a copy of the settings is available on a floppy disk. Although this is not essential,
it can reduce the time taken to re-enter the settings and hence the time the
protection is out of service.
Types KCGG 122, 142
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 and
KCEU 142, 242
Overcurrent and Directional Overcurrent
Relays
Service Manual
Appendix 1
Relay Characteristic Curves
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KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Contents
KCEU 142, 242
1. TIME/CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS 1
Figure 1: Operating times KCGG I>>, I>>>, Io>> and Io>>> 1
Figure 2: Operating times KCEG I>>, I>>>, Io>> and Io>>> 1
2. RELAY CHARACTERISTIC CURVES 2
Figure 3: IDMT curves: IEC and special application curves 2
Figure 4: IDMT curves: ANSI/IEEF curves 3
3. THERMAL TIME/CHARACTERISTIC WITH PREFAULT LOAD 4
Figure 4: Thermal time/current characteristic with prefault load 4
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150
135
120 Maximum
Minimum
105
Operating time (ms)
90
75
60
45
30
15
0
1 10 100
Multiple of setting (xIs)
150
135
120 Maximum
Minimum
105
Operating time (ms)
90
75
60
45
30
15
0
1 10 100
Multiple of setting (xIs)
10000
Rectifier
curve
1000
100
Operating time (seconds)
10
LTI 30xDT
SI 30xDT
1
EI 10xDT
VI 30xDT
STI 30xDT
0.1
1 10 100
Multiples of setting
LTI 30xDT Long time inverse
SI 30xDT* Standard inverse
EI 10xDT* Extremely inverse
VI 30xDT* Very inverse
STI 30xDT Shot time inverse
*IEC standard characteristic All characteristics are definite time above 30x except extremely inverse.
10000
1000
100
Operating time (seconds)
10
MI
1 VI
EI
0.1
1 10 100
Multiples of setting
MI Moderately inverse
VI Very inverse
EI Extremely inverse
All characteristics are definite time above 30x except extremely inverse.
10.000
1.000
Time (x t)
0.100
No pre-fault load
Pre-fault load at
50% thermal state
Pre-fault load at
0.010 70% thermal state
Pre-fault load at
90% thermal state
0.001
1 2 3 4 5 6
Current (xlth>)
Appendix 2
Logic Diagrams
SERVICE MANUAL R8551D
KCGG 122, 142 Appendix 2
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Contents
KCEU 142, 242
CONTENTS
Figure 1a: Scheme logic diagram KCGG 122 1
Figure 1b: Scheme logic diagram KCGG 122 2
Figure 2a: Scheme logic diagram KCGG 142 3
Figure 2b: Scheme logic diagram KCGG 142 4
Figure 3a: Scheme logic diagram KCEG 112 5
Figure 3b: Scheme logic diagram KCEG 112 6
Figure 4a: Scheme logic diagram KCEG 142/242 7
Figure 4b: Scheme logic diagram KCEG 142/242 8
Figure 5a: Scheme logic diagram KCEG 152 9
Figure 5b: Scheme logic diagram KCEG 152 10
Figure 6a: Scheme logic diagram KCEU 142/242 11
Figure 6b: Scheme logic diagram KCEU 142/242 12
SERVICE MANUAL R8551D
KCGG 122, 142 Appendix 2
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 1 of 12
KCEU 142, 242
1 Circuit breaker
SD2 0B0E CB Close control
0A08 L Close Close circuit breaker tClose
1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Reset
LOG9
0
1 1
LOG2
0A09 Ext. Trip I< 0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 0B0F CB Fail
1 1 tBF 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Breaker fail
RLY3 Io< protection
LOGA
0 Generate circuit breaker
1 maintenance records
1
RLY7
Fault record
1 Latch red trip LED and flag latch
initiation
LOG7
0 Latch flags
I> 1 Generate fault records &
1 Io> 1 copy to event records
Figure 1a: Scheme logic diagram KCGG 122 (continued in Figure 1b)
SERVICE MANUAL R8551D
KCGG 122, 142 Appendix 2
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 2 of 12
KCEU 142, 242
SD5
0
I<
3Sec 1 Reset trip flags
SD8 SD6
0A0B Aux2 0 0 Disturbance
Reset recorder reset
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 disturbance
SD8 ³1 1 1
Recorder recorder
0 stopped Auxiliary
1 timers
LOG3 Recorder 0B11 Aux2
Loss of load
0 stopped ³1 tAux2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 /stage 4 EP
1 LOG6
I< 0
LOG4
0 Io< 1
1 LOGB 0B12 Aux3
0A0C Aux3 0 Cold load
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
³1 tAux3 1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
start
LOG5
LOG8 0
0
1
1 SD4
0A0D Stg Grp 2
³1 0 Setting
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Change to
1 control
setting group 2 group
SD3
0 Remote set Grp2
Set 1
1 Reset 0
Remote reset Grp1
PF0
0 0B17 th Alarm
1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Alarm Thermal
0B18 th Trip phase element
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0A11 Reset Ith Trip
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Thermal
reset
SD EF1 PF1
LOG EF2 PF2
F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0A07 L TRIP
0B0D CB TRIP
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 >= 1 tTRIP
SD2 Trip circuit breaker 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 Circuit
1 breaker
0A08 L CLOSE Close circuit breaker 0B0E CB CLOSE control
>= 1 tCLOSE 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Reset
LOG9
0
>= 1 1
LOG2
0
0A09 EXT. TRIP 1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 I< >=1 tBF 0B0F CB FAIL
>=1 Breaker fail
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 protection
Io<
RLY3
Generate circuit breaker
LOGA >=1 maintenance records
0
1
RLY7
Fault record
>=1 Latch red trip LED and flag latch
initiation
Figure 2a: Scheme logic diagram KCGG 142 (continued in Figure 2b)
SERVICE MANUAL R8551D
KCGG 122, 142 Appendix 2
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 4 of 12
KCEU 142, 242
0 0B17 th Alarm
1 >= 1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PF0 Alarm Thermal
0B18 th Trip phase element
>= 1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Trip
0A11 Reset Ith
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Thermal
reset
LOG0 CB(ops)>
0 0B19 CB Alarm Circuit
1 >= 1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 breaker
CBduty> alarms
SD EF1 PF1
LOG EF2 PF2
F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0A07 L TRIP
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0B0D CB TRIP
>=1 tTRIP 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SD2 TRIP CIRCUIT BREAKER Circuit
1 breaker
0 0A08 L CLOSE TRIP CIRCUIT BREAKER 0B0E CB CLOSE control
>=1 tCLOSE 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Reset
LOG9
>=1 1
0
LOG2
0A09 EXT. TRIP 1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 >=1 tBF
>=1
0 0B0E CB FAIL Breaker fail
Io< 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 protection
RLY3
Figure 3a: Scheme logic diagram KCEG 112 (continued in Figure 3b)
SERVICE MANUAL R8551D
KCGG 122, 142 Appendix 2
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 6 of 12
KCEU 142, 242
Recorder
0A0B AUX2 SD8 SD6 stopped Reset
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 >=1 1 1 disturbance Disturbance
0 0 recorder recorder
reset
SD8 Recorder stopped
1
LOG8
1 LOG5
1
0
0
SD EF1 PF1
LOG EF2 PF2
F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PFC
0 &
1 I<
1
0A06 Blk t>>>
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 PF7 PFF 0B0C t>>> Broken conductor
PF2 PF5 & t>>> 1 0 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Stage 3
0 1 1
I>>> PFE 0 2 overcurrent
1 Fwd
0 1
Rev
1
LOG7
0 >=1 Latch flags
>=1 Generate fault records &
1 I>
copy to event records
Io>
Figure 4a: Scheme logic diagram KCEG 142/242 (continued in Figure 4b)
SERVICE MANUAL R8551D
KCGG 122, 142 Appendix 2
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 8 of 12
KCEU 142, 242
0 0B17 th Alarm
1 >= 1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PF0 Alarm Thermal
0B18 th Trip
phase element
>= 1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Trip
0A11 Reset Ith
Thermal
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 reset
LOG0 CB(ops)>
0 0B19 CB Alarm Circuit
1 >= 1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 breaker
CBduty> alarms
SD EF1 PF1
LOG EF2 PF2
F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PFC
0 &
1 I<
1
0A06 Blk t>>>
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 PF7 0B0C t>>> Broken conductor
PF2 & t>>> 0 1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Stage 3
0
overcurrent
1 I>>> 1 2/3
LOG7
0 >=1 Latch flags
>=1 Generate fault records &
1 I>
copy to event records
Io>
Figure 5a: Scheme logic diagram KCEG 152 (continued in Figure 5b)
SERVICE MANUAL R8551D
KCGG 122, 142 Appendix 2
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 10 of 12
KCEU 142, 242
0 0B17 th Alarm
1 >= 1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PF0 Alarm Thermal
0B18 th Trip
phase element
>= 1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Trip
0A11 Reset Ith
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Thermal
reset
LOG0 CB(ops)>
0 0B19 CB Alarm Circuit
1 >= 1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 breaker
CBduty> alarms
SD EF1 PF1
LOG EF2 PF2
F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Figure 6a: Scheme logic diagram KCEU 142/242 (continued in Figure 6b)
SERVICE MANUAL R8551D
KCGG 122, 142 Appendix 2
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Page 12 of 12
KCEU 142, 242
I< SD5
0
3sec 1 Reset trip flags
0A0B Aux2 SD8 SD6 Disturbance
recorder Auxiliary
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 0 Reset timers
>= 1 1 1 disturbance reset
Recorder recorder
SD8 stopped
0
1
Recorder
LOG3 stopped
0
I<
1 & 0B11 Aux2 Loss of load
>= 1 tAux2
LOG4 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 /stage 4 EF
0 Io< 0
1 1
LOGB LOG6 0B12 Aux3
0A0C Aux3 >= 1 0 Cold load
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 tAux3 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
1 start
LOG5
LOG8 0
0 1
1
SD4
0A0D Stg Grp 2 0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 >= 1 Change to
1 setting group 2 Setting group
SD3 control
0 Remote set Grp2
Set 1
1 Reset 0
Remote set Grp1
PF8 V< PF9 0B13 tV<
0 & 0 tV< 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Undervoltage
1 1
>= 1
LOG0 CB(ops)>
0 0B19 CB Alarm Circuit
1 >= 1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 breaker
CBduty> alarms
SD F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 EF1 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 PF1 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
LOG F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 EF2 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 PF2 F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Appendix 3
Connection Diagrams
SERVICE MANUAL R8551D
KCGG 122, 142 Appendix 3
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Contents
KCEU 142, 242
CONTENTS
1. Connection diagrams for customising 1
2. Connection diagrams for relays as supplied 12
21 5
KCEU 142, 242
KCGG 122, 142
30
SERVICE MANUAL
22 RL0 32
23
34
24 RL1 36
25
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242
38
RL2 40
26
27 42
RL3 44
28
KCGG 122 1
Case earth
46 connection
Case earth L0
54
1 29 30 48
3 31 L1
4 32
5 6 33 34 56 KBus communications port
50
7 8 35 36 L2
9 10 37 38 SCN
52
39 40 Logic input common (1) 7
13 14 41 42
+48V field voltage
43 44 8
17 18 45 46
19 20 47 48
21 22 49 50 Notes:
23 24 51 52 (1) (a) CT shorting links make
53 54 before (b) and (c) disconnect.
25 26
55 56 (b) Short terminals break before (c).
27 28 (c) Long terminal
SCN
(d) Pin terminal (pcb type).
Module terminal blocks (2) CT connections are typical only.
viewed from rear
(with integral case earth strap) (3) Earth connections are typical only.
CONNECTION DIAGRAMS FOR CUSTOMISING
Page 1 of 22
R8551D
Appendix 3
21 5 Relay failed
C B
KCEU 142, 242
Phase rotation 30
KCGG 122, 142
SERVICE MANUAL
22 RL0 32
23
34
Case earth 24 RL1 36
25
38
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242
1 29 30
3 4 31 32 RL2 40
26
5 6 33 34 27 42
7 8 35 36
RL3 44
9 10 37 38
39
28 29
40
13 14 41 42 KCGG 142 01 RL4 31
43 44
17 18 46 33
45 46 L0
19 20 47 48 RL5 35
21 22 48
49 50 L1 37
23 24 51 52
50 RL6 39
25 26 53 54 L2
55 56 52 41
27 28
Logic input common (1) RL7 43
SCN
Figure 2: Typical application diagram: 3 phase overcurrent and earth fault relay KCGG 142 01
P2 P1
A 4
S2 S1 13
B AC/DC Relay healthy
A 6
supply
C Vx 14 3
21 5 Relay failed
C B
KCEU 142, 242
Phase rotation 30
KCGG 122, 142
SERVICE MANUAL
22 RL0 32
23
34
Case earth 24 RL1 36
25
38
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242
1 29 30
3 4 31 32 RL2 40
26
5 6 33 34 27 42
7 8 35 36
RL3 44
9 10 37 38
39
28
40
13 14 41 42 KCGG 142 02
43 44
17 18 46
45 46 L0
19 20 47 48
21 22 48
49 50 L1
23 24 51 52
50
25 26 53 54 L2
55 56 52
27 28
Logic input common
SCN
Figure 3: Typical application diagram: 3 phase overcurrent and earth fault relay KCGG 142 02
Direction of forward current flow
P2 P1 4
A 13
AC/DC Relay healthy
6
S2 S1 supply
B 14 3
Vx
A C
21 5 Relay failed
A B C
KCEU 142, 242
30
KCGG 122, 142
C B
SERVICE MANUAL
22 RL0 32
Phase rotation 23
N
34
dn 24 RL1 36
25
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242
38
da RL2 40
26
27 42
RL3 44
28
1
19 KCEG 112
Case earth
20 connection
Case earth
54
1 29 30 46
3 4 31 32 L0
56 KBus communications port
5 6 33 34 48
7 8 35 36 L1 SCN
9 10 37 38
50 7
39 40 L2
13 14 41 42 +48V field voltage
52 8
43 44 Logic input common (1)
17 18 45 46
19 20 47 48
21 22 49 Notes:
50
23 24 51 52 (1) (a) CT shorting links make
53 54 before (b) and (c) disconnect.
25 26
55 56 (b) Short terminals break before (c).
27 28
(c) Long terminal
SCN
(d) Pin terminal (pcb type).
Module terminal blocks (2) CT connections are typical only.
viewed from rear
(with integral case earth strap) (3) Earth connections are typical only.
Page 4 of 22
R8551D
Appendix 3
Figure 4: Typical application diagram: directional earth fault relay KCEG 112
Direction of forward current flow
P2 P1
A 13
AC/DC
S2 S1 4
B supply
A 14
Vx 6 Relay healthy
C
A B C 21 3
C B
KCEU 142, 242
Relay failed
KCGG 122, 142
Phase rotation 5
22
SERVICE MANUAL
N 23 30
RL0 32
n
24 34
25
RL1 36
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242
a b c
26 38
Case earth 27 RL2 40
1 29 30 KCEG 142 42
3 4 31 32 28
17 RL3 44
5 6 33 34
7 8 35 36 29
9 10 37 38 18 RL4 31
39 40
13 14 33
41 42
19
43 44 RL5 35
17 18 45 20
46 37
19 20 47 48 46
21 22 L0 RL6 39
49 50
23 24 51 52 48 41
53 L1
25 26 54 RL7 43
55 56 50
27 28 L2 1
SCN 52
Logic input common (1) Case earth
Module terminal blocks 45 connection
viewed from rear L3
(with integral case earth strap) 54
47
L4
Notes:
49 56 KBus communications port
(1) (a) CT shorting links make
before (b) and (c) disconnect. L5
51 SCN
(b) Short terminals break before (c). L6
(c) Long terminal 7
53
(d) Pin terminal (pcb type). L7 +48V field voltage
8
(2) CT connections are typical only. 55
Logic input common (2)
(3) Earth connections are typical only.
Page 5 of 22
R8551D
Appendix 3
Figure 5: Typical application diagram: 3 phase overcurrent and directional earth fault relay KCEG 142
Direction of forward current flow
P2 P1
A 13 4
AC/DC
S2 S1
B supply 6 Relay healthy
A Vx 14
C 3
A B C 21 Relay failed
5
KCEU 142, 242
C B
KCGG 122, 142
Phase rotation 30
SERVICE MANUAL
22
N 23 RL0 32
34
dn
24 RL1
25 36
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242
Case earth da 38
26 RL2 40
1 29 30 27
3 4 31 32 42
5 6 33 34 RL3 44
28
7 8 35 36
29
9 10 37 38 19
RL4 31
39 40
13 14 41 42 20 33
43 44 RL5
17 35
18 45 46 KCEG 152
19 20 37
47 48
21 22 46
49 50 L0 RL6 39
23 24 51 52 48 41
25 26 53 54 L1
RL7 43
55 56 50
27 28
L2
SCN 1
52
Logic input common (1)
Module terminal blocks Case earth
viewed from rear 45
L3 connection
(with integral case earth strap)
47 54
Notes: L4
(1) (a) CT shorting links make 49
before (b) and (c) disconnect. L5 56 KBus communications port
(b) Short terminals break before (c). 51
L6 SCN
(c) Long terminal
53 7
(d) Pin terminal (pcb type).
L7 +48V field voltage
(2) CT connections are typical only. 55 8
(3) Earth connections are typical only. Logic input common (2)
Page 6 of 22
R8551D
Appendix 3
Figure 6: Typical application diagram: 3 phase overcurrent and directional earth fault relay KCEG 152
Direction of forward current flow
13 Series 4
P2 P1 AC/DC supply Vx REG Relay failed
A 14 6
S2 S1 3
B
9 Relay healthy
Supply to trip coil 5
C 10
A B C 30
KCEU 142, 242
KCGG 122, 142
A 21 RL0 32
SERVICE MANUAL
N 34
22 RL1
C B 23 36
Phase rotation n
38
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242
24 RL2 40
a b c 25
42
Case earth
26 RL3 44
1 29 30 27
29
3 4 31 32
5 6 33 34 RL4 31
28
7 8 35 36 33
17
9 10 37 38 RL5 35
39 40 18
13 14 41 42 37
43 44
KCEG 242 RL6
19 39
17 18 45 46
19 20 20 41
47 48
21 22 RL7 43
49 50 L0
23 24 51 46
52
48 1
25 26 53 54 L1
55 56 50 Case earth
27 28
L2 connection
SCN
52
Module terminal blocks Logic input common (1)
45
viewed from rear
(with integral case earth strap) L3 54
47
Notes: L4
(1) (a) CT shorting links make 49 56 KBus communications port
before (b) and (c) disconnect.
L5
(b) Short terminals break before (c). 51 SCN
(c) Long terminal L6
(d) Pin terminal (pcb type). 53 7
L7 +48V field voltage
(2) CT connections are typical only. 55 8
(3) Earth connections are typical only. Logic input common (2)
Page 7 of 22
R8551D
Appendix 3
Figure 7: Typical application diagram: dual powered 3 phase overcurrent and earth fault relay KCEG 242
Direction of forward current flow
P2 P1 P2 P1
A 13
AC/DC
A S2 S1 4
B supply
Vx 14
C 6 Relay healthy
C B A B C 21 3
Phase rotation
KCEU 142, 242
5 Relay failed
KCGG 122, 142
22
N
SERVICE MANUAL
23 30
RL0 32
n
24 34
25
RL1 36
a b c
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242
26 38
Case earth 27 RL2 40
1 29 30 42
3 4 31 32 28
17 RL3 44
5 6 33 34
7 8 35 36 29
9 10 37 38 18 RL4 31
39 40
13 14 33
41 42
19 RL5
43 44 35
17 18 45 46 37
19 20 47 48
21 22 RL6 39
49 50
23 24 51 52 41
20
25 26 53 54 RL7 43
55 56 46
27 28 1
L0
SCN
48 KCEU 142
L1 Case earth
Module terminal blocks connection
viewed from rear 50
(with integral case earth strap) L2
52 54
Notes: Logic input common (1)
(1) (a) CT shorting links make 45
before (b) and (c) disconnect. L3 56 KBus communications port
(b) Short terminals break before (c). 47
L4 SCN
(c) Long terminal
(d) Pin terminal (pcb type). 49
L5
(2) CT connections are typical only. 7
51
(3) Earth connections are typical only. L6 +48V field voltage
8
53
L7
55
Logic input common (2)
Page 8 of 22
R8551D
Appendix 3
Figure 8: Typical application diagram: directional 3 phase overcurrent and sensitive wattmetric earth fault relay KCEU 142
Direction of forward current flow
P2 P1 P2 P1 13 Series 4
A AC/DC REG
14 6 Relay healthy
S2 S1 supply Vx
B
3
C Supply to 9
A trip coil 5 Relay failed
A B C 10
30
KCEU 142, 242
C B 21 RL0 32
KCGG 122, 142
Phase rotation N
SERVICE MANUAL
34
22 RL1
n 23 36
38
24 RL2 40
a b c 25
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242
42
26 RL3 44
Case earth 27
29
1 29 30 RL4
28 31
3 4 31 32
5 6 33 34 17 33
7 8 35 36 RL5 35
9 10 37 38 18 37
39 40
13 14 RL6 39
41 42
19
43 44 41
17 18 45 46 RL7 43
19 20 47 48
21 22 49 50
23 24 51 52 20
25 26 53 54 KCEU 242 1
55 56 46
27 28
L0 Case earth
SCN connection
48
Module terminal blocks L1
viewed from rear 50
(with integral case earth strap) L2
52 54
Notes: Logic input common (1)
(1) (a) CT shorting links make 45
before (b) and (c) disconnect. L3 56 KBus communications port
(b) Short terminals break before (c). 47
L4 SCN
(c) Long terminal
(d) Pin terminal (pcb type). 49
L5
(2) CT connections are typical only. 7
51
(3) Earth connections are typical only. L6 +48V field voltage
8
53
L7
55
Logic input common (2)
Page 9 of 22
R8551D
Appendix 3
Figure 9: Typical application diagram: directional 3 phase overcurrent and sensitive wattmetric earth fault relay KCEU 242
Direction of forward current flow
P2 P1 P2 P1
A 13
AC/DC
A S2 S1 4
B supply
Vx 14
C 6 Relay healthy
C B A B C 21 3
Phase rotation
KCEU 142, 242
5 Relay failed
KCGG 122, 142
22
N 30
SERVICE MANUAL
23
RL0 32
dn
24 34
25
RL1 36
da
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242
26 38
Case earth 27 RL2 40
1 29 30 42
3 4 31 32 28
17 RL3 44
5 6 33 34
7 8 35 36 29
9 10 37 38 18 RL4 31
39 40
13 14 33
41 42
19 RL5
43 44 35
17 18 45 46 37
19 20 47 48
21 22 RL6 39
49 50
23 24 51 52 41
20
25 26 53 54 RL7 43
55 56 46
27 28 1
L0
SCN
48 KCEU 142
L1 Case earth
Module terminal blocks connection
viewed from rear 50
(with integral case earth strap) L2
52 54
Notes: Logic input common (1)
(1) (a) CT shorting links make 45
before (b) and (c) disconnect. L3 56 KBus communications port
(b) Short terminals break before (c). 47
L4 SCN
(c) Long terminal
(d) Pin terminal (pcb type). 49
L5
(2) CT connections are typical only. 7
51
(3) Earth connections are typical only. L6 +48V field voltage
8
53
L7
55
Logic input common (2)
Page 10 of 22
R8551D
Appendix 3
Figure 10: Typical application diagram: KCEU 142 showing connection for broken delta VT winding
Direction of forward current flow
P2 P1 P2 P1 13 Series 4
A AC/DC REG
14 6 Relay healthy
S2 S1 supply Vx
B
3
C Supply to 9
A trip coil 5 Relay failed
A B C 10
30
KCEU 142, 242
C B 21 RL0 32
KCGG 122, 142
Phase rotation N
SERVICE MANUAL
34
dn 22 RL1
23 36
38
da 24 RL2 40
25
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242
42
26 RL3 44
Case earth 27
29
1 29 30 RL4
28 31
3 4 31 32
5 33 17 33
6 34
7 8 35 36 RL5 35
9 10 37 38 18 37
39 40
13 14 RL6 39
41 42
19
43 44 41
17 18 45 46 RL7 43
19 20 47 48
21 22 49 50
23 24 51 52 20
25 26 53 54 KCEU 242 1
55 56 46
27 28
L0 Case earth
SCN connection
48
Module terminal blocks L1
viewed from rear 50
(with integral case earth strap) L2
52 54
Notes: Logic input common (1)
(1) (a) CT shorting links make 45
before (b) and (c) disconnect. L3 56 KBus communications port
(b) Short terminals break before (c). 47
L4 SCN
(c) Long terminal
(d) Pin terminal (pcb type). 49
L5
(2) CT connections are typical only. 7
51
(3) Earth connections are typical only. L6 +48V field voltage
8
53
L7
55
Logic input common (2)
Page 11 of 22
R8551D
Appendix 3
Figure 11: Typical application diagram: KCEU 242 showing connection for broken delta VT winding
P2 P1
L 4
S2 S1 AC/DC 13
WD Relay healthy
supply 6
N Vx 14 3
WD Relay failed
21 5
Section 2.
KCEU 142, 242
30
KCGG 122, 142
SERVICE MANUAL
38
RL2 40 AR initiate (to>/to>>/to>>>)
SUPPLIED
26 (t>/t>>/t>>>)
27 42
RL3 44 Trip (to>/to>>/to>>>/aux 1)
28 (t>/t>>/t>>>)
KCGG 122 1
Case earth
46 connection
Case earth Change setting group L0
54
1 29 30 48
3 31 Block t>>/to>> L1
4 32
5 6 33 34 56 KBus communications port
50
7 8 35 36 Block t>>>/to>>> L2
9 10 37 38 SCN
52
39 40 Logic input common (1) 7
13 14 41 42
+48V field voltage
43 44 8
17 18 45 46
19 20 47 48
21 22 49 Notes:
50
23 24 51 52 (1) (a) CT shorting links make
53 54 before (b) and (c) disconnect.
25 26
55 56 (b) Short terminals break before (c).
27 28 (c) Long terminal
SCN
CONNECTION DIAGRAMS FOR RELAYS AS
Figure 12: Typical application diagram: 2 phase overcurrent and relay KCCG 122
P2 P1
A 4
S2 S1 13
B AC/DC WD Relay healthy
A 6
supply
C Vx 14 3
21 WD 5 Relay failed
C B
Phase rotation
KCEU 142, 242
30
KCGG 122, 142
SERVICE MANUAL
1 29 30
3 4 31 32 RL2 40 AR initiate (to>/to>>/to>>>)
26 (t>/t>>/t>>>)
5 6 33 34 27 42
7 8 35 36
RL3 44 Trip (to>/to>>/to>>>/aux 1)
9 10 37 38
28 (t>/t>>/t>>>)
39 40 29
13 14 41 42 KCGG 142 01 RL4 31 thAlarm/CB alarm/CB fail
43 44
17 18 46 33
45 46 Change setting group L0
19 20 47 48 RL5 35 CB fail/backtrip
21 22 48
49 50 Block t>>/to>> L1 37
23 24 51 52
50 RL6 39 Control CB close
25 26 53 54 Block t>>>/to>>> L2
55 56 52 41
27 28
Logic input common (1) RL7 Control CB trip
SCN 43
Figure 13: Typical application diagram: 3 phase overcurrent and earth fault relay KCGG 142 01
P2 P1
A 4
S2 S1 13
B AC/DC WD Relay healthy
A 6
supply
C Vx 14 3
21 WD 5 Relay failed
C B
Phase rotation
KCEU 142, 242
30
KCGG 122, 142
SERVICE MANUAL
1 29 30
3 4 31 32 RL2 40 AR initiate (to>/to>>/to>>>)
26 (t>/t>>/t>>>)
5 6 33 34 27 42
7 8 35 36
RL3 44 Trip (to>/to>>/to>>>/aux 1)
9 10 37 38
28 (t>/t>>/t>>>)
39 40
13 14 41 42 KCGG 142 02
43 44
17 18 46
45 46 Change setting group L0
19 20 47 48
21 22 48
49 50 Block t>>/to>> L1
23 24 51 52
50
25 26 53 54 Block t>>>/to>>> L2
55 56 52
27 28
Logic input common
SCN
Figure 14: Typical application diagram: 3 phase overcurrent and earth fault relay KCGG 142 02
Direction of forward current flow
P2 P1 4
A 13
AC/DC WD Relay healthy
6
S2 S1 supply
B 14 3
Vx
A C
21 WD 5 Relay failed
A B C
KCEU 142, 242
30
KCGG 122, 142
C B
SERVICE MANUAL
38
da RL2 40 AR initiate (to>/to>>/to>>>)
26
27 42
RL3 44 Trip (to>/to>>/to>>>/aux 1)
28
1
19 KCEG 112
Case earth
20 connection
Case earth
54
1 29 30 46
3 31 Change setting group L0
4 32 KBus communications port
56
5 6 33 34 48
7 8 35 36 Block to>> L1
SCN
9 10 37 38
50 7
39 40 Block to>>> L2
13 14 41 42 +48V field voltage
52 8
43 44 Logic input common (1)
17 18 45 46
19 20 47 48
21 22 49 Notes:
50
23 24 51 52 (1) (a) CT shorting links make
53 54 before (b) and (c) disconnect.
25 26
55 56 (b) Short terminals break before (c).
27 28
(c) Long terminal
SCN
(d) Pin terminal (pcb type).
Module terminal blocks (2) CT connections are typical only.
viewed from rear
(with integral case earth strap) (3) Earth connections are typical only.
Page 15 of 22
R8551D
Appendix 3
Figure 15: Typical application diagram: directional earth fault relay KCEG 112
Direction of forward current flow
P2 P1
A 13
AC/DC
S2 S1 4
B supply
A 14
Vx WD 6 Relay healthy
C
A B C 21 3
C B
KCEU 142, 242
WD Relay failed
KCGG 122, 142
Phase rotation 5
22
SERVICE MANUAL
N 23 30
RL0 32 Start (Io> FWD/I> FWD)
n
24 34
25
RL1 36 Start (Io> REV/I> REV)
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242
a b c
26 38
Case earth 27 RL2 40 AR initiate (to>/to>>/to>>>)
1 29 30 (t>/t>>/t>>>)
KCEG 142 42
3 4 31 32 28
17 RL3 44 Trip (to>/to>>/to>>>/aux 1)
5 6 33 34
(thTrip/t>/t>>/t>>>)
7 8 35 36 29
9 10 37 38 18 RL4 thAlarm/CB alarm/CB fail
31
39 40
13 14 33
41 42
19
43 44 RL5 35 CB fail/backtrip
17 18 45 20
46 37
19 20 47 48 46
21 22 Change setting group L0 RL6 39 Control CB close
49 50
23 24 51 52 48 41
Block t>>/to>> L1
25 26 53 54 RL7 43 Control CB trip
55 56 50
27 28 Block t>>>/to>>> L2 1
SCN 52
Logic input common (1) Case earth
Module terminal blocks 45 connection
viewed from rear External trip L3
(with integral case earth strap) 54
47
Initiate auxiliary timer 2 L4
Notes:
49 56 KBus communications port
(1) (a) CT shorting links make
Initiate auxiliary timer 3 L5
before (b) and (c) disconnect.
51 SCN
(b) Short terminals break before (c). CB closed indication L6
(c) Long terminal 7
53
(d) Pin terminal (pcb type). CB open indication L7 +48V field voltage
8
(2) CT connections are typical only. 55
Logic input common (2)
(3) Earth connections are typical only.
Page 16 of 22
R8551D
Appendix 3
Figure 16: Typical application diagram: 3 phase directional earth fault relay KCEG 142
Direction of forward current flow
P2 P1
A 13 4
AC/DC
S2 S1
B supply WD 6 Relay healthy
A Vx 14
C 3
A B C 21 WD Relay failed
5
KCEU 142, 242
C B
KCGG 122, 142
Phase rotation 30
SERVICE MANUAL
22
N 23 RL0 32 Start (Io>FWD)
34
dn
24 RL1
25 36 Start (Io>REV)
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242
Case earth da 38
26 RL2 40 AR initiate (to>/to>>/to>>>)
1 29 30 27 (t>/t>>/t>>>)
3 4 31 32 42
5 6 33 34 RL3 44 Trip (to>/to>>/to>>>/aux 1)
28
7 8 35 36 (thTrip/t>/t>>/t>>>)
29
9 10 37 38 19
RL4 31 thAlarm/CB alarm/CB fail
39 40
13 14 41 42 20 33
43 44 RL5 CB fail/backtrip
17 35
18 45 46 KCEG 152
19 20 37
47 48
21 22 46
49 50 Change setting group L0 RL6 39 Control CB close
23 24 51 52 48 41
25 26 53 54 Block t>>/to>> L1
RL7 43 Control CB trip
55 56 50
27 28
Block t>>>/to>>> L2
SCN 1
52
Logic input common (1)
Module terminal blocks Case earth
viewed from rear 45
External trip L3 connection
(with integral case earth strap)
47 54
Notes: Initiate auxiliary timer 3 L4
(1) (a) CT shorting links make 49
before (b) and (c) disconnect. Initiate auxiliary timer 3 L5 56 KBus communications port
(b) Short terminals break before (c). 51
CB closed indication L6 SCN
(c) Long terminal
53 7
(d) Pin terminal (pcb type).
CB open indication L7
+48V field voltage
(2) CT connections are typical only. 55 8
(3) Earth connections are typical only. Logic input common (2)
Page 17 of 22
R8551D
Appendix 3
Figure 17: Typical application diagram: 3 phase overcurrent and directional earth fault relay KCEG 152
Direction of forward current flow
13 Series 4
P2 P1 AC/DC supply Vx REG WD Relay failed
A 14 6
S2 S1 3
B
9 WD Relay healthy
Supply to trip coil 5
C 10
A B C 30
KCEU 142, 242
RL0
KCGG 122, 142
A 21 32 Start (Io>FWD/I>FWD)
SERVICE MANUAL
N 34
22 RL1 Start (Io>REV/I>REV)
C B 23 36
Phase rotation n
38
24 RL2 40 AR initiate (to>/to>>/to>>>)
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242
a b c 25 (t>/t>>/t>>>)
42
Case earth
RL3 44 Trip (to>/to>>/to>>>/aux 1)
26
1 29 30 27 (thTrip/t>/t>>/t>>>)
29
3 4 31 32
5 33 RL4 31 thAlarm/CB alarm/CB fail
6 34 28
7 8 35 36 33
17
9 10 37 38 CB fail/backtrip
RL5 35
39 40 18
13 14 41 42 37
43 44
KCEG 242 RL6 Control CB close
19 39
17 18 45 46
19 20 20 41
47 48
21 22 RL7 43 Control CB trip
49 50 Change setting group L0
23 24 51 46
52
48 1
25 26 53 54 Block t>>/to>> L1
55 56 50 Case earth
27 28
Block t>>>/to>>> L2 connection
SCN
52
Module terminal blocks Logic input common (1)
45
viewed from rear
(with integral case earth strap) External trip L3 54
47
Notes: Initiate auxiliary timer 3 L4
(1) (a) CT shorting links make 49 56 KBus communications port
before (b) and (c) disconnect. Initiate auxiliary timer 3 L5
(b) Short terminals break before (c). 51 SCN
(c) Long terminal CB closed indication L6
(d) Pin terminal (pcb type). 53 7
CB open indication L7 +48V field voltage
(2) CT connections are typical only. 55 8
(3) Earth connections are typical only. Logic input common (2)
Page 18 of 22
R8551D
Appendix 3
Figure 18: Typical application diagram: dual powered 3 phase overcurrent and directional earth fault relay KCEG 242
Direction of forward current flow
P2 P1 P2 P1
A 13
AC/DC
A S2 S1 4
B supply
Vx 14
C WD 6 Relay healthy
C B A B C 21 3
Phase rotation
KCEU 142, 242
WD 5 Relay failed
KCGG 122, 142
22
SERVICE MANUAL
N 23 30
RL0 32 Start (Io> FWD/I> FWD)
n
24 34
25
RL1 36 Start (Io> REV/I> REV)
a b c
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242
26 38
Case earth 27 RL2 40 AR initiate (to>/to>>/to>>>)
1 29 30 (t>/t>>/t>>>)
42
3 4 31 32 28
17 RL3 44 Trip (to>/to>>/to>>>/aux 1)
5 6 33 34
(thTrip/t>/t>>/t>>>)
7 8 35 36 29
9 10 37 38 18 RL4 thAlarm/CB alarm/CB fail
31
39 40
13 14 33
41 42
19 RL5 CB fail/backtrip
43 44 35
17 18 45 46 37
19 20 47 48
21 22 RL6 39 Control CB close
49 50
23 24 51 52 41
20
25 26 53 54 RL7 43 Control CB trip
55 56 46
27 28 1
Change setting group L0
SCN
48 KCEU 142
Block t>>/to>> L1 Case earth
Module terminal blocks connection
viewed from rear 50
(with integral case earth strap) Block t>>>/to>>> L2
52 54
Notes: Logic input common (1)
(1) (a) CT shorting links make 45
before (b) and (c) disconnect. External trip L3 56 KBus communications port
(b) Short terminals break before (c). 47
Initiate auxiliary timer 2 L4 SCN
(c) Long terminal
(d) Pin terminal (pcb type). 49
Initiate auxiliary timer 3 L5
(2) CT connections are typical only. 7
51
(3) Earth connections are typical only. CB closed indication L6 +48V field voltage
8
53
CB open indication L7
55
Logic input common (2)
Page 19 of 22
R8551D
Appendix 3
Figure 19: Typical application diagram: directional 3 phase overcurrent and sensitive wattmetric earth fault relay KCEU 142
Direction of forward current flow
P2 P1 P2 P1 13 Series 4
A AC/DC REG
14 WD 6 Relay healthy
S2 S1 supply Vx
B
3
C Supply to 9
A trip coil WD 5 Relay failed
A B C 10
30
KCEU 142, 242
Phase rotation N
SERVICE MANUAL
34
22 RL1
n 23 36 Start (Io> REV/I> REV)
38
24 RL2 40 AR initiate (to>/to>>/to>>>)
a b c 25 (t>/t>>/t>>>)
42
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242
Figure 20: Typical application diagram: directional 3 phase overcurrent and sensitive wattmetric earth fault relay KCEU 242
Direction of forward current flow
P2 P1 P2 P1
A 13
AC/DC
A S2 S1 4
B supply
Vx 14
C WD 6 Relay healthy
C B A B C 21 3
Phase rotation
KCEU 142, 242
WD 5 Relay failed
KCGG 122, 142
22
SERVICE MANUAL
N 23 30
RL0 32 Start (Io> FWD/I> FWD)
dn
24 34
25
RL1 36 Start (Io> REV/I> REV)
da
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242
26 38
Case earth 27 RL2 40 AR initiate (to>/to>>/to>>>)
1 29 30 (t>/t>>/t>>>)
42
3 4 31 32 28
17 RL3 44 Trip (to>/to>>/to>>>/aux 1)
5 6 33 34
(thTrip/t>/t>>/t>>>)
7 8 35 36 29
9 10 37 38 18 RL4 thAlarm/CB alarm/CB fail
31
39 40
13 14 33
41 42
19 RL5 CB fail/backtrip
43 44 35
17 18 45 46 37
19 20 47 48
21 22 RL6 39 Control CB close
49 50
23 24 51 52 41
20
25 26 53 54 RL7 43 Control CB trip
55 56 46
27 28 1
Change setting group L0
SCN
48 KCEU 142
Block t>>/to>> L1 Case earth
Module terminal blocks connection
viewed from rear 50
(with integral case earth strap) Block t>>>/to>>> L2
52 54
Notes: Logic input common (1)
(1) (a) CT shorting links make 45
before (b) and (c) disconnect. External trip L3 56 KBus communications port
(b) Short terminals break before (c). 47
Initiate auxiliary timer 2 L4 SCN
(c) Long terminal
(d) Pin terminal (pcb type). 49
Initiate auxiliary timer 3 L5
(2) CT connections are typical only. 7
51
(3) Earth connections are typical only. CB closed indication L6 +48V field voltage
8
53
CB open indication L7
55
Logic input common (2)
Page 21 of 22
R8551D
Appendix 3
Figure 21: Typical application diagram: KCEU 142 showing connection for broken delta VT winding
Direction of forward current flow
P2 P1 P2 P1 13 Series 4
A AC/DC REG
14 WD 6 Relay healthy
S2 S1 supply Vx
B
3
C Supply to 9
A trip coil WD 5 Relay failed
A B C 10
30
KCEU 142, 242
RL0
KCGG 122, 142
34
dn 22 RL1
23 36 Start (Io> REV/I> REV)
38
da 24 RL2 40 AR initiate (to>/to>>/to>>>)
25 (t>/t>>/t>>>)
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242
42
26 RL3 44 Trip (to>/to>>/to>>>/aux 1)
Case earth 27 (thTrip/t>/t>>/t>>>)
29
1 29 30 RL4 thAlarm/CB alarm/CB fail
28 31
3 4 31 32
5 33 17 33
6 34
7 8 35 36 RL5 35 CB fail/backtrip
9 10 37 38 18 37
39 40
13 14 RL6 39 Control CB close
41 42
19
43 44 41
17 18 45 46 RL7 43 Control CB trip
19 20 47 48
21 22 49 50
23 24 51 52 20
25 26 53 54 KCEU 242 1
55 56 46
27 28 Change setting group L0 Case earth
SCN connection
48
Module terminal blocks Block t>>/to>> L1
viewed from rear 50
(with integral case earth strap) Block t>>>/to>>> L2
52 54
Notes: Logic input common (1)
(1) (a) CT shorting links make 45
before (b) and (c) disconnect. External trip L3 56 KBus communications port
(b) Short terminals break before (c). 47
Initiate auxiliary timer 2 L4 SCN
(c) Long terminal
(d) Pin terminal (pcb type). 49
Initiate auxiliary timer 3 L5
(2) CT connections are typical only. 7
51
(3) Earth connections are typical only. CB closed indication L6 +48V field voltage
8
53
CB open indication L7
55
Logic input common (2)
Page 22 of 22
R8551D
Appendix 3
Figure 22: Typical application diagram: KCEU 242 showing connection for broken delta VT winding
Types KCGG 122, 142
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 and
KCEU 142, 242
Overcurrent and Directional Overcurrent
Relays
Service Manual
Appendix 4
Commissioning Test Record
SERVICE MANUAL R8551C
KCGG 122, 142 Appendix 4
KCEG 112, 142, 152, 242 Contents
KCEU 142, 242
Date
Station Circuit
System Frequency
*Delete as appropriate
4 Product checks
4.1 With the relay de-energised
4.1.1 Visual inspection
Module and case damaged? Yes/No*
Model numbers on case and front plate match? Yes/No*
Serial numbers on case and front plate match? Yes/No*
Rating information correct for installation? Yes/No*
All current transformer shorting switches closed? Yes/No*
Case earth installed? Yes/No*
5 Setting checks
5.1 Customer’s settings applied? Yes/No*
If settings applied using a portable computer
and software, which software and version was used? ____________________
6 On-load checks
Test wiring removed? Yes/No/na*
Disturbed customer wiring re-checked? Yes/No/na*
On-load test performed? Yes/No*
7 Final checks
Test wiring removed? Yes/No/na*
Disturbed customer wiring re-checked? Yes/No/na*
Circuit breaker operations counter set/reset? Set/Reset/na*
If set, value counter set to: ________/na*
Current squared counters set/reset? Set/Reset/na*
If set, value counter set to: (‘A’ phase) ________A2/na*
(‘B’ phase) ________A2/na*
(‘C’ phase) ________A2/na*
Event records reset? Yes/No*
Fault records reset? Yes/No*
Disturbance records reset Yes/No*
Alarms reset? Yes/No*
LEDs reset? Yes/No*
Date Date
SERVICE MANUAL R8551C
KCGG 122, 142 Appendix 4
KCEG 112 142, 152, 242 Page 6 of 12
KCEU 142, 242
Date Engineer
Station Date
0000SYSTEM DATA F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0002 Password
0003 SD Links 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0004 Description
0005 Plant
0006 Model
0008 Serial No.
0009 Frequency
000A Comms Level
000B Rly Address
0011 Software Ref.
SERVICE MANUAL R8551C
KCGG 122, 142 Appendix 4
KCEG 112 142, 152, 242 Page 7 of 12
KCEU 142, 242
0900 LOGIC F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0901 LOG Links 0 0 0 0
0902 tBF
0903 tAUX1
0904 tAUX2
0905 tAUX3
0906 tTRIP
0907 tCLOSE
0908 CB ops>
0909 CB duty>
090F Display
0C00 RECORDER F E D C B A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0C01 Control
0C02 Capture
0C03 Post Trigger
0C04 Logic Trig
0C05 Relay Trig
SERVICE MANUAL R8551C
KCGG 122, 142 Appendix 4
KCEG 112 142, 152, 242 Page 11 of 12
KCEU 142, 242
REPAIR FORM
Please complete this form and return it to AREVA T&D with the
equipment to be repaired. This form may also be used in the case of application queries.
AREVA T&D
St. Leonards Works
Stafford
ST17 4LX,
England
For: After Sales Service Department
continued overleaf
✁
SERVICE MANUAL R8551C
KCGG 122, 142 Appendix 4
KCEG 112 142, 152, 242 Page 12 of 12
KCEU 142, 242
______________________________________ _______________________________________
Signature Title
______________________________________ _______________________________________
Name (in capitals) Company name
✁
Publication: R8551E