Jaguar Cars

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Jaguar Cars Limited

Type Private limited company
Industry Automotive
Founded 11 September 1922 (as Swallow Sidecar Company)
Founder(s) Sir William Lyons and William Walmsley
Headquarters Coventry, United Kingdom
Key people Ratan Tata (Chairman)
Dr Ralf Speth (CEO)
Adrian Hallmark (Global Brand Director)
Products Automobiles
Owner(s) Tata Motors
Employees 10,000
[1]

Parent Jaguar Land Rover
Website www.jaguar.com
Jaguar Cars Ltd, known simply as Jaguar ( /dju.r/ J AG-ew-r), is a British luxury and sports car
manufacturer, headquartered in Whitley, Coventry, England. It is part of the Jaguar Land Rover business,
[2]
a
subsidiary of the Indian company Tata Motors.
Jaguar was founded as the Swallow Sidecar Company by Sir William Lyons in 1922, originally making
motorcycle sidecars before developing passenger cars. The name was changed to Jaguar after World War II to
avoid the unfavourable connotations of the SS initials.
[3]
Following a merger with the British Motor Corporation
in 1968, subsequently subsumed by Leyland, which itself was later nationalised as British Leyland, Jaguar was
listed on the London Stock Exchange in 1984, and became a constituent of theFTSE 100 Index until it was
acquired by Ford in 1990.
[4]
Jaguar has, in recent years, manufactured cars for the Prime Minister, the most
recent delivery being an XJ in May 2010.
[5]
The company also holds royal warrants from HM Queen Elizabeth
II and HRH Prince Charles.
[6]

Jaguar cars today are designed in Jaguar Land Rover's engineering centres at theWhitley plant in Coventry
and at their Gaydon site in Warwickshire, and are manufactured in Jaguar's Castle Bromwich assembly
plant near Birmingham.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
o 1.1 Birth of the company
o 1.2 British Leyland
o 1.3 Ford Motor Company era
o 1.4 Tata Motors era
o 1.5 Assembly plant
2 Current car models
o 2.1 F-Type
o 2.2 XF
o 2.3 XJ
o 2.4 XK
3 R models
4 Future models
5 Previous models
o 5.1 Recent
o 5.2 Historic
o 5.3 Complete line-up
5.3.1 Large executive
5.3.2 Compact executive
5.3.3 Sports
5.3.4 Racing and competition
o 5.4 Concept models
6 Engines
7 Motorsport
8 Electric vehicles
9 Jaguar and the arts
10 References
11 External links
[edit]History
[edit]Birth of the company


The 2.5-litre, 68 hp 1935 SS 90
The Swallow Sidecar Company was founded in 1922 by two motorcycle enthusiasts, William Lyons and William
Walmsley leading to SS Cars Ltd. In 1935 the SS Jaguar name first appeared on a 2.5-litre saloon,
[7]
sports
models of which were the SS 90 and SS 100.
Cash was short after World War II, and Jaguar sold the plant and premises of Motor Panels, a pressed steel
body manufacturing company they had acquired in the late 1930s when growth prospects seemed more
secure. The buyer was Rubery Owen.
[8]
Nevertheless, Jaguar achieved relative commercial success with their
early post war models; times were also tough for other Coventry-based auto-makers and the company was
able to buy fromJohn Black's Standard Motor Company the plant where Standard had built the six-cylinder
engines it had been supplying to Jaguar.
[8]



SS and Jaguar made 3.5-litre, 125 hp Mk IV drophead coup
Jaguar made its name by producing a series of eye-catching sports cars, such as the XK 120 of 1949,
developed into XK 140 and XK 150, and the E Type of 1961. These were all successful and embodied Lyons'
mantra of "value for money".
[citation needed]
They were successful in international motorsport, a path followed in the
1950s to prove the engineering integrity of the company's products.
Jaguar's sales slogan for years was "Grace, Space, Pace",
[citation needed]
a mantra epitomised by the record sales
achieved by the MK VII, IX, Mks I and II saloons and later the XJ6.
The core of Bill Lyons' success following WWII was the twin-cam straight six engine, a design conceived pre-
war and realised while design staff at the Coventry plant were dividing their time between fire-watching
(Coventry being a prime target of German bombers) and designing the new power plant.
To place this in context, benchmark for pre-war racing and competition engines was the "Double Knocker", or
Twin Cam engine. Jaguar's new engine was a hemispherical cross-flow cylinder head with valves inclined from
the vertical; originally at 30 degrees (inlet) and 45 degrees (exhaust) and later standardised to 45 degrees for
both inlet and exhaust.


XK engine in an E-Type
As fuel octane ratings were relatively low from 1948 onwards, three piston configuration were offered: domed
(high octane), flat (medium octane), and dished (low octane).
The main designer, William "Bill" Heynes, assisted by Walter "Wally" Hassan, was determined to design the
Twin OHC unit. Bill Lyons agreed over misgivings from Hassan. It was risky to take what had previously been
considered a racing or low-volume and cantankerous engine needing constant fettling and applying it to
reasonable volume production saloon cars.
The subsequent engine (in various versions) was the mainstay powerplant of Jaguar, used in the XK 120, Mk
VII Saloon, Mk I and II Saloons and XK 140 and 150. It was also employed in the E Type, itself a development
from the race winning and Le Mans conquering C and D Type Sports Racing cars refined as the short-lived
XKSS, a road-legal D-Type.
Few engine types have demonstrated such ubiquity and longevity: Jaguar used the Twin OHC XK Engine, as it
came to be known, in the Jaguar XJ6 saloon from 1969 through 1992, and employed in a J60 variant as the
power plant in such diverse vehicles as the British Army's Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance (Tracked) family of
vehicles, as well as the Fox armoured reconnaissance vehicle, the Ferret Scout Car, and the Stonefield four-
wheel-drive all-terrain lorry. Properly maintained, the standard production XK Engine would achieve 200,000
miles of useful life.
Two of the proudest moments in Jaguar's long history in motor sport involved winning the Le Mans 24 hours
race, firstly in 1951 and again in 1953. Victory at the 1955 Le Mans was overshadowed by it being the occasion
of the worst motorsport accident in history. Later in the hands of the Scottish racing team Ecurie Ecosse two
more wins were added in 1956 and 1957.
In spite of such a performance orientation, it was always Lyons' intention to build the business by producing
world-class sporting saloons in larger numbers than the sports car market could support. Jaguar secured
financial stability and a reputation for excellence with a series of elegantly styled luxury saloons that included
the 3 litre & 3 litre cars, the Mark VII, VIII, and IX, the compact Mark I and 2, and the XJ6 and XJ12. All were
deemed very good values, with comfortable rides, good handling, high performance, and great style.
Combined with the trend-setting XK 120, XK 140, and XK 150 series of sports car, and nonpareil E-Type,
[citation
needed]
Jaguar's elan as a prestige motorcar manufacturer had few rivals. The company's post-War
achievements are remarkable, considering both the shortages that rove Britain (the Ministry of Supply still
allocated raw materials) and the state of metallurgical development of the era.
In 1951, Jaguar leased Browns Lane from The Daimler Motor Company Limited, which quickly became its
principal plant.
[9]
Jaguar purchased Daimlernot to be confused with Daimler-Benz or Daimler AGin 1960
from BSA. From the late 1960s, Jaguar used the Daimler marque as a brand name for their most luxurious
saloons.
[10]

[edit]British Leyland
Jaguar merged with the British Motor Corporation (BMC), the Austin-Morris combine, to form British Motor
Holdings (BMH) in 1966. After merging with Leyland, which had already taken over Rover and Standard
Triumph, the resultant company then became the British Leyland Motor Corporation (BLMC) in 1968. Financial
difficulties and the publication of the Ryder Report led to effective nationalisation in 1975 and the company
became British Leyland, Ltd (later simply BL plc).
[11]

In the 1970s, the Jaguar and Daimler marques formed part of BL's specialist car division or Jaguar Rover
Triumph Ltd until a restructure in the early 1980s saw most of the BL volume car manufacturing side becoming
the Austin Rover Group, which didn't include Jaguar. In 1984, Jaguar was floated off as a separate company
on the stock market one of the Thatcher government's many privatisations.
[12]

[edit]Ford Motor Company era


Jaguar S-Type based on the Ford DEW98 platform
Ford made offers to Jaguar's US and UK shareholders to buy their shares in November 1989; Jaguar's listing
on the London Stock Exchange was removed on 28 February 1990.
[13]
In 1999 it became part of Ford's
new Premier Automotive Group along with Aston Martin, Volvo Cars and, from 2000, Land Rover. Aston Martin
was subsequently sold off in 2007. Between Ford purchasing Jaguar in 1989 and selling it in 2008 it did not
earn any profit for theDearborn-based auto manufacturer.
[citation needed]

Under Ford's ownership Jaguar expanded its range of products with the launch of the S-Typein 1999 and X-
type in 2001. Since Land Rover's May 2000 purchase by Ford, it has been closely associated with Jaguar. In
many countries they share a common sales and distribution network (including shared dealerships), and some
models now share components, although the only shared production facility was Halewood Body & Assembly,
for the X-Type and the Freelander 2. However operationally the two companies were effectively integrated
under a common management structure within Ford's PAG.
On 11 June 2007, Ford announced that it planned to sell Jaguar, along with Land Rover and retained the
services of Goldman Sachs,Morgan Stanley and HSBC to advise it on the deal. The sale was initially expected
to be announced by September 2007, but was delayed until March 2008. Private equity firms such as Alchemy
Partners of the UK, TPG Capital, Ripplewood Holdings (which hired former Ford Europe executive Sir Nick
Scheele to head its bid), Cerberus Capital Management and One Equity Partners (owned by JP Morgan
Chase and managed by former Ford executive Jacques Nasser) of the US, Tata Motors of India and a
consortium comprisingMahindra and Mahindra (an auto manufacturer from India) and Apollo Management all
initially expressed interest in purchasing themarques from the Ford Motor Company.
[14][15]

Before the sale was announced, Anthony Bamford, chairman of British excavator manufacturer JCB had
expressed interest in purchasing the company in August 2006,
[16]
but backed out upon learning that the sale
would also involve Land Rover, which he did not wish to buy. On Christmas Eve of 2007, Mahindra and
Mahindra backed out of the race for both brands, citing complexities in the deal.
[17]

[edit]Tata Motors era
On 1 January 2008, Ford formally declared that Tata was the preferred bidder.
[18]
Tata Motors also received
endorsements from the Transport And General Worker's Union (TGWU)-Amicus
[19]
combine as well as from
Ford.
[20]
According to the rules of the auction process, this announcement would not automatically disqualify
any other potential suitor. However, Ford (as well as representatives ofUnite) would now be able to enter into
detailed discussions with Tata concerning issues ranging from labour concerns (job security and pensions),
technology (IT systems and engine production) and intellectual property,
[21]
as well as the final sale
price.
[22]
Ford would also open its books for a more comprehensive due diligence by Tata.
[23]
On 18 March
2008, Reuters reported that American bankersCitigroup and JP Morgan would finance the deal with a USD
3 billion loan.
[24]

On 26 March 2008, Ford announced that it had agreed to sell its Jaguar and Land Rover operations to Tata
Motors of India, and that they expected to complete the sale by the end of the second quarter of
2008.
[25]
Included in the deal were the rights to three other British brands, Jaguar's own Daimler, as well as two
dormant brands Lanchester and Rover.
[26]
On 2 June 2008, the sale to Tata was completed at a cost of 1.7
billion.
[27][28][29]

[edit]Assembly plant


Jaguar LandRover plant at Pune, India
The Swallow Sidecar company (SSC) was originally located in Blackpool but moved to Holbrook
Lane, Coventry in 1928 when demand for the Austin Swallow became too great for the factory's capacity.
[30]
In
1951, having outgrown the original Coventry site they moved to Browns Lane, which had been a wartime
"shadow factory" run by the Daimler Motor Company. Today, Jaguars are assembled at Castle
Bromwich in Birmingham. The historicBrowns Lane plant ceased trim and final operations in 2005, the
X350 XJ having already moved to Castle Bromwich two years prior, leaving the XK and S-Type production to
Castle Bromwich and the X-Type at Halewood (now ended), alongside the new Land Rover Freelander 2, from
2007. A reduced Browns Lane site operates today, producing veneers for Jaguar Land Rover and others, as
well as some engineering facilities. A new assembly plant was opened at Pune, India in April 2011.
[edit]Current car models
[edit]F-Type


Jaguar F-Type
The F-Type convertible was launched at the 2012 Paris Motor Show, following its display at the Goodwood
Festival of Speed in June 2012,
[31]
and is billed as a successor to the legendary E-Type. It was developed
following the positive reaction to Jaguar's C-X16 concept car at the 2011 Frankfurt Auto Show. Sales will begin
in 2013 with three engine choices; two variants of the AJ126 V6 petrol engine and the AJ133 V8 petrol
engine.
[32]

[edit]XF


Jaguar XF
The Jaguar XF is a mid-size executive car introduced in 2008 to replace the S-Type. In January 2008, the XF
was awarded the What Car? 'Car of the Year' and 'Executive Car of the Year' awards. The XF was also
awarded Car of the Year 2008 from What Diesel? magazine. Engines available in the XF are 2.2-litre I4 and
3.0-litre V6 diesel engines, or 3.0 litre V6 and 5.0-litre V8 petrol engines. The 5.0 Litre engine is available in
supercharged form in the XFR. From 2011, the 2.2-litre diesel engine from the Land Rover Freelander was
added to the range as part of a facelift.
[33]

[edit]XJ


Jaguar XJ
The Jaguar XJ is a full-size luxury saloon. The model has been in production since 1968 with the first
generation being the last Jaguar car to have creative input by the company's founder,Sir William Lyons. In early
2003, the third generation XJ arrived in showrooms and while the car's exterior and interior styling were
traditional in appearance, the car was completely re-engineered. Its styling attracted much criticism from many
motoring journalists who claimed that the car looked old-fashioned and barely more modern than its
predecessor, many even citing that the 'Lyons line' had been lost in the translation from Mark 2 into Mark 3 XJ,
even though beneath the shell lay a highly advanced aluminium construction that put the XJ very near the top
of its class.
[34]

Jaguar responded to the criticism with the introduction of the fourth generation XJ, launched in 2009. Its
exterior styling is a departure from previous XJs, with a more youthful, contemporary stance, following the
design shift that came into effect previously with the company's XF and XK models.
[35]

The 5-litre V8 engine in the XJ Supersport can accelerate the car from 060 mph (097 km/h) in 4.7 seconds,
and has a UK CO
2
emission rating of 289 g/km. To cater to the limousine market, all XJ models are offered with
a longer wheelbase (LWB) as an option, which increases the rear legroom.
[36]

[edit]XK


Jaguar XK
The Jaguar XK is a luxury grand tourer introduced in 2006, where it replaced the XK8launched in 1996. The XK
introduced an aluminium monocoque bodyshell, and is available both as a two-door coup and two-
door cabriolet/convertible.
[37]

[edit]R models


Jaguar XKR-S
Jaguar began producing R models in 1995 with the introduction of the first XJR. Powered by a supercharged 6-
cylinder engine, the car produced approximately 322 horsepower. With the revamped line of engines, the
powerplant would be based on an eight-cylinder engine with supercharger from 1997 to present. The 1997
2003 XJR produced 370 horsepower (276 kW) and 385 pound-feet (522 Nm) of torque, taking the car to
60 mph (97 km/h) in 5 seconds. The new aluminium bodyshell from 2004 to 2009 and increased power to
400 hp (298 kW) and enhanced computer systems decreased the time to 60 mph (97 km/h) to 4.8 seconds.
Starting after year 2000, XJRs were equipped with Jaguar's CATS (Computer Active Technology Suspension),
which helped firm up the ride in sporty driving without compromising comfort during day-to-day use.
The first XKR was introduced in 1997 and kept with the same power increases as the XJR except for after 2006
the power in the XKR was boosted to 420 hp (313 kW). The S-Type R had a short production run from 2003 to
2008, and came equipped with the same 400 horsepower (298 kW) supercharged V8 as the other R models. It
was replaced by the XFR, featuring a 5.0 L supercharged V8 producing 510 hp (380 kW).
Jaguar XFR 510 hp (380 kW) mid-size saloon
[38]

Jaguar XKR 510 hp (380 kW) coup and cabriolet
[38]

Jaguar XFR-S 550 hp (410 kW) mid-size saloon
[39]

Jaguar XKR-S 550 hp (410 kW) coup and cabriolet
[38]

[edit]Future models
After years of speculation, Jaguar designer Ian Callum confirmed in early 2012 that there would not be a
Jaguar SUV, but suggested that he may be designing a crossover for Jaguar.
[40]

[edit]Previous models
[edit]Recent


20022003 Jaguar X-Type sedan
The Jaguar S-Type, first appeared in 1999 and stopped production in 2008. It has now been replaced by the
Jaguar XF. Early S-Types suffered from reliability problems but those were mostly resolved by the 2004 model
year.
[41]

The Jaguar X-Type was a compact executive car launched in 2001, while the company was under Ford
ownership. Sharing its platform with a 2000 Ford Mondeo, the X-Type ceased production in 2009.
[42]

[edit]Historic


Mark V
The Jaguar company started production with the pre-war 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5-litre models, which used engines
designed by the Standard Motor Company. The 1.5-litre four-cylinder engine was still supplied by Standard but
the two larger six-cylinder ones were made in house. These cars have become known unofficially as Mark IVs.
The first post-war model was the 1948 Mark V available with either 2.5- or 3.5-litre engines, and it had a more
streamlined appearance than pre-war models, but more important was the change to independent front
suspension and hydraulic brakes.


The XK120 was a breakthrough both for Jaguar and post-WWII sports cars
The big breakthrough was the launch in 1948 of the XK120 sports car, powered with the new XK twin overhead
camshaft (DOHC) 3.5-litre hemi-head six-cylinder engine designed by William Heynes, Walter Hassan and
Claude Baily. This engine had been designed at night during the war when they would be on fire watch in the
factory. After several attempts a final design was achieved. That is until owner William Lyons said "make it
quieter". The car had originally been intended as a short production model of about 200 vehicles as a test bed
for the new engine until its intended home, the new Mark VII saloon, was ready. The XK120's exceptional
reception was followed in 1954 by the introduction of the derivative XK140, and a much revised XK150.


1963 open two-seat E-Type
Jaguar launched E-Type in 1961.
Along with sports cars, Jaguar maintained a strong place in the upscale saloon car market. Introducing the
large Mark VII in 1951, a car especially conceived for the American market, Jaguar was overwhelmed with
orders. The Mark VII and its successors gathered rave reviews from magazines such as Road & Track and The
Motor. In 1956 a Mark VII won the prestigious Monte Carlo Rally.


The late 1950s Mark 2 became one of the most recognisable Jaguar models ever produced
In 1955, the "2.4-Litre" saloon (subsequently known as the 2.4 Mark 1) was the firstmonocoque (unitary) car
from Jaguar.
[citation needed]
Its 2.4-litre short-stroke version of the XK engine provided 100 miles per hour
(160 km/h) performance. In 1957, the 3.4-litre version with disk brakes, wire wheels and other options was
introduced, with a top speed of 120 mph (190 km/h). In 1959, an extensively revised version of the car with
wider windows and 2.4, 3.4, and 3.8-litre engine options became the Mark 2. The 3.8 Mark 2 was popular with
British police forces for its small size and 125 mph (201 km/h) performance.


Jaguar's motto of "Grace, Space, Pace" was epitomised in the 1958 Mark IX
The Mark VIII of 1956 and Mark IX of 1958 were essentially updates of the Mark VII, but the Mark X of 1961
was a completely new design of large saloon with all round independent suspension and unitary construction.
The independent rear suspension from the Mark X was incorporated in the 1963 S-Type, which closely
resembled the Mark 2, and in 1967 the Mark 2 name was dropped when the small saloon became the 240/340
range. The 420 of 1966, also sold as the Daimler Sovereign, put a new front onto the S-type, although both
cars continued in parallel until the S-Type was dropped in 1968. The Mark X became the 420G in 1966.


The XJ6, regarded by many as the definitive Jaguar saloon
Of the more recent saloons, the most significant is the XJ (19681992). From 1968 on, the Series I XJ saw
minor changes, first in 1973 (to Series II), 1979 (Series III), a complete redesign for 1986/1987 in XJ40, further
modifications in 1995 (X300), in 1997 with V8-power (X308), and a major advance in 2003 with an industry-first
aluminium monocoque-chassis (X350). The most luxurious XJ models carried either theVanden Plas (US)
or Daimler (rest of world) nameplates. In 1972, the 12-cylinder engine was introduced in the XJ, while
simultaneously being offered in the E Type.


The XJ220the world's fastest production car in 1992
1992 saw the introduction of the mid-engined, twin-turbo XJ220, powered by a 542 bhp (404 kW; 550 PS) V6
engine. The XJ220 was confirmed the fastest production car in the world at the time after Martin
Brundle recorded a speed of 217 mph (349 km/h) on the Nardo track in Italy.
[43]

Over the years many Jaguar models have sported the famous chrome plated Leaping Jaguar, traditionally
forming part of the radiator cap. Known as "The Leaper" this iconic mascot has been the subject of controversy
in recent times when banned for safety reasons from cars supplied to Europe whilst it continued to be fitted on
cars destined for the United States, Middle East and Far East. It has now been dropped from all the latest
Jaguar models.
[edit]Complete line-up
[edit]Large executive
19351948 2 Litre saloon
19371948 3 Litre saloon
19481951 Mark V
19511957 Mark VII (& VIIM)
19571959 Mark VIII
19591961 Mark IX
19611966 Mark X
19661970 420G
19681987 XJ6 Series 1, 2 & 3
19721992 XJ12
19861994 XJ6 (XJ40)
19931994 XJ12 (XJ81)
19951997 XJ6 & XJ12 (X300 & X301)
19982003 XJ8 (X308)
20042009 XJ (X350)
2009date XJ (X351)
[edit]Compact executive
19351949 1 Litre saloon
19551959 Mark 1
19591967 Mark 2
19631968 S-type
19661968 420
19661968 240 & 340
19992008 S-type
20012009 X-type
2008present XF
[edit]Sports
19481954 XK120
19541957 XK140
19571961 XK150
19611974 E-Type
19751996 XJ-S
19921994 XJ220
19972006 XK8/XKR (X100)
2006present XK (X150)
2012present F-Type
[edit]Racing and competition
1950s C-Type
1950s D-Type
1960s E-Type Lightweight
19851992 XJR-5 through XJR-17
2009 XFR Bonneville Salt Flats speed record
2010 Jaguar RSR XKR GT2


[edit]Concept models
E1AThe 1950s E-Type concept vehicle
E2AThe second E-Type concept vehicle, which raced at LeMans and in the USA
Pirana (1967)
XJ13 (1966)Built to race at LeMans, never run
XK180 (1998)
F-Type (2000)Roadster, similar to the XK8 but smaller
R-Coup (2001)Large four-seater coup
Fuore XF 10 (2003)
R-D6 (2003)Compact four-seat coup
XK-RRA high-performance version of last generation XK coup
XK-RSAnother performance-spec version of last generation XK convertible
Concept Eight (2004)Super-luxury version of the long-wheelbase model of the XJ
C-XF (2007)
C-X75 (2010)
C-X16 (2011)
[edit]Engines
Jaguar has designed in-house four generations of engines.
Historical engines:
Jaguar XK6 engineinline-6
Jaguar V12 engineV12
Jaguar AJ6 engine and AJ16 engineinline-6
Current engines:
Jaguar AJ-V8 engineV8 (fourth generation Jaguar engine)
Jaguar AJ-V6 engineV6 (a variation of a Ford engine)
Jaguar AJD-V6 engineV6 (diesel engine designed by Ford)
[edit]Motorsport
See also: Jaguar Racing and Jaguar XJR Sportscars


The Jaguar R5 being driven by Mark Webber in 2004the team's last season inF1
The company has had major success in sports car racing, particularly in the Le Mans 24 Hours. Victories
came in 1951 and 1953 with the C-Type, then in 1955, 1956 and 1957 with the D-Type. The manager of
the racing team during this period, Lofty England, later became CEO of Jaguar in the early 1970s.
Although the prototype XJ13 was built in the mid-1960s it was never raced, and the famous race was then
left for many years, until in the mid-1980s when Tom Walkinshaw's TWR team started designing and
preparing Jaguar V12-engined sports prototypes for European sports car races. The team started winning
regularly from 1987, and with increased factory backing the team won Le Mans in 1988 and 1990.
In the 1999, Ford decided that Jaguar would be the corporation's Formula One entry. Ford bought out
the Stewart Grand Prix team and rebranded it as Jaguar Racing for the 2000 season. The Jaguar F1
program was not a success however, achieving only two podium finishes in five seasons of competition
between2000 and 2004. At the end of 2004, with costs mounting and Ford's profits dwindling, the F1 team
was seen as an unneeded expense and was sold to Red Bull energy drinks owner Dietrich Mateschitz,
and it became Red Bull Racing. Since 2004 Jaguar has not had an official presence in motorsport.
Notable Jaguar sports racers:
Jaguar C-Type (19511953)
Jaguar D-Type (19541957)
Jaguar Lightweight E-Type
Jaguar XJR Sportscars
Jaguar XJR-9 (1988)
XJ220 (1988)
XJR-15 (1990)
[edit]Electric vehicles
Lotus Cars joined Jaguar, MIRA Ltd and Caparo on a luxury hybrid executive sedan project called "Limo-
Green"funded by the UK Government Technology Strategy Board. The vehicle will be a series plug-in
hybrid.
[44]

[45]

[edit]Jaguar and the arts
For some time now Jaguar has been active in the international arts scene. In particular, the company has
collaborated with the renowned artist Stefan Szczesny, implementing major art projects. In 2011, Jaguar
presented the exhibition series "Shadows", which involved the installation of Szczesny's shadow
sculptures in Sankt-Moritz, on Sylt and in Saint-Tropez. In 2012, a large number of sculptures, ceramics
and paintings were shown in Frankfurt (and mainly in Frankfurt's Palmengarten).


Jaguar Art Project "Shadows", Saint-Tropez 2011
As part of the collaboration with Szczesny, Jaguar has released the "Jaguar Art Collection"