3.3 Heat and Humidity - Psychrometers and Psychrometric Calculations
3.3 Heat and Humidity - Psychrometers and Psychrometric Calculations
3.3 Heat and Humidity - Psychrometers and Psychrometric Calculations
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REFERENCES
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1.3.2 Working
When the fan is kept on, the air through inner sleeves (metal sleeves provided at
the bulb of each thermometer) and annular spaces enters the apparatus. The air
travels through the central tube and goes out of the apparatus through the slits
provided at the top near the fan. The fan is kept on for an interval of approximately
3 minutes. The fan should provide a velocity of more than 2m/s. This is done to
ensure that wet-bulb thermometer attains a constant temperature.
1.3.3 Advantages
i.
ii.
The metal sleeves around the bulbs of the thermometers, shield the bulb
from any radiation. This ensures that using this, we can accurately
measure humidity in sunlit areas also.
iii.
Easy to operate.
1.3.4 Precautions
i.
The instrument requires calibration with respect to the fan speed and
hence the ventilation speed.
ii.
iii.
The instrument should be held opposite to the direction of the flow when
experiment/survey is being carried out in a strong air-current.
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it. We are interested in knowing the amount of heat lost at equilibrium by the wet
bulb. This can be better understood by Fig.4
joule
(a)
Where,
L= latent heat of vapourization (J/kg)
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joule . (b)
Where,
q= heat lost (J)
X = specific humidity of unsaturated air (kg/kg dry air)
m= mass of dry air (kg)
Cpm = specific heat of moist air at constant pressure (J/kg)
td = dry bulb temperature ()
tw = wet bulb temperature ()
Now, when the wet bulb temperature attains a constant value, the heat gain and
loss by the wet-bulb surface is equal. Equating equation (a) and (b), we have:
L(X s X) = (1 + X) Cpm (t d t w )
Substituting the expression of
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Cpm =
Cpd +XCpv
1+X
. (1)
in equation (1) we get,
L(X s X) = (1 + X)
Cpd +XCpv
1+X
(t d t w )
. (2)
X=
LXs Cpd (t d t w )
kg
Cpv (t d t w ) + L kg dry air
3.1 Method I
a. Record/measure t d , t w and Pb
b. Evaluate e, esw and esd using following equations.
es = 610.6 exp (
17.27 t
) Pa
237.3 + t
and
e = esw 0.000644 Pb (t d t w ) Pa
c. Evaluate
e
esd
kg
Pb e kg dry air
100 %
and
3.2 Method II
a. Measure Pb , t d and t w
b. Evaluate esw and esd using following equations.
17.27 t
es = 610.6 exp (
) Pa
237.3 + t
{replace t by t d and t w for esd and esw respectively }
c. Evaluate
(X s ) = 0.622
esw
kg
Pb esw kg dry air
J/kg
equation
Lw X s Cpd (t d t w )
kg
Cpv (t d t w ) + L kg dry air
f. Evaluate
Relative humidity(rh) =
e
esd
100%
es = 610.6 exp (
17.27 t
) Pa
237.3 + t
esw
kg
Pb esw kg dry air
J/kg
J
kg dry air
S 1005t d
Lw + 1884(t d t w )
Lw X s 1005(t d t w)
kg
Lw + 1884(t d t w ) kg dry air
g. Evaluate
Relative humidity(rh) =
e
esd
100%
REFERENCES
Banerjee S.P. (2003); Mine Ventilation; Lovely Prakashan, Dhanbad, India.
Deshmukh, D. J. (2008); Elements of Mining Technology, Vol. II; Denett & Co.,
Nagpur, India.
Hartman, H. L., Mutmansky, J. M. & Wang, Y. J. (1982); Mine Ventilation and Air
Conditioning; John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Le Roux, W. L. (1972); Mine Ventilation Notes for Beginners; The Mine Ventilation
Society of South Africa.
McPherson, M. J. (1993); Subsurface Ventilation and Environmental Engineering;
Chapman & Hall, London.
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Misra G.B.
Calcutta, India.
Vutukuri, V. S. & Lama, R. D. (1986); Environmental Engineering in Mines;
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
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