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I have two solutions. In the first solution, 1.0 moles of sodium chloride is
dissolved to make 1.0 liters of solution. In the second one, 1.0 moles of
sodium chloride is added to 1.0 liters of water. Is the molarity of each
solution the same? Explain your answer.
In this problem, simply solve using the molarity equation to find that the
concentration of the solution is 10 M.
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To use the molarity equation, you need to convert grams of NaCl to moles
and mL of solution to liters. When you do this, the total concentration of
the solution is 170.9 M. As it turns out, this isnt a realistic value for
molarity, so youd never see a solution with this concentration out in the
real world. Why did I give it to you then? I did it because I wanted you to
see that just by changing a few units, you can get very different final
answers.
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This is done in the same method that youd solve #3. Because you have
6.68 moles of Li2SO4 and 2.500 liters of water, the overall molarity of your
solution is 2.67 M.
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This problem is also solved in the same way as #3 and #4. Because you
have 1.51 x 10-4 moles of Pb(C2H3O2)4, and 0.0035 L of water, the total
concentration is 4.32 x 10-2 M, or 0.0432 M.
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The equation for molarity states that the molarity of a solution is equal to
the number of moles of solute divided by the number of liters of solution.
In the first equation, the molarity will clearly be equal to 1.0 M, because
there are 1.0 moles of NaCl and a solution volume of 1.0 L. In the second
solution, the molarity will be different, because the solution volume will be
greater than 1.0 liters. Why? If you already have 1.0 L of water and add
1.0 moles of salt to it, it will overflow, right? This is because the volume
will be (roughly) equal to the volume of the water plus the volume of the
salt, which will be greater than 1.0 L. It is for this reason that when you
make a solution, you always dissolve the solute in only a little bit of water
and then add water to make your final volume.
Molarity Calculations
Calculate the molarities of the following solutions:
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Explain how you would make the following solutions. You should tell how many
grams of the substance you need to make the solution, not how many moles.
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2 L of 6 M HCl
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1.5 L of 2 M NaOH
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90 mL of 1.2 M BF3
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Dilutions Worksheet
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2)
If I add water to 100 mL of a 0.15 M NaOH solution until the final volume is
150 mL, what will the molarity of the diluted solution be?
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I have 345 mL of a 1.5 M NaCl solution. If I boil the water until the volume
of the solution is 250 mL, what will the molarity of the solution be?
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How much water would I need to add to 500 mL of a 2.4 M KCl solution to
make a 1.0 M solution?
Dilutions Worksheet
1)
2)
If I add water to 100 mL of a 0.15 M NaOH solution until the final volume is
150 mL, what will the molarity of the diluted solution be?
3)
4)
I have 345 mL of a 1.5 M NaCl solution. If I boil the water until the volume
of the solution is 250 mL, what will the molarity of the solution be?
5)
How much water would I need to add to 500 mL of a 2.4 M KCl solution to
make a 1.0 M solution?
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If I add water to 100 mL of a 0.15 M NaOH solution until the final volume is
150 mL, what will the molarity of the diluted solution be?
M1V1 = M2V2
(0.15 M)(100 mL) = x (150 mL)
x = 0.100 M
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I have 345 mL of a 1.5 M NaCl solution. If I boil the water until the volume
of the solution is 250 mL, what will the molarity of the solution be?
M1V1 = M2V2
(1.5 M)(345 mL) = x (250 mL)
x = 2.07 M
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How much water would I need to add to 500 mL of a 2.4 M KCl solution to
make a 1.0 M solution?
M1V1 = M2V2
(2.4 M)(500 mL) = (1.0 M) x
x = 1200 mL
1200 mL will be the final volume of the solution. However, since
theres already 500 mL of solution present, you only need to add 700
mL of water to get 1200 mL as your final volume. The answer: 700
mL.
2)
If I add water to 100 mL of a 0.15 M NaOH solution until the final volume is
150 mL, what will the molarity of the diluted solution be?
M1V1 = M2V2
(0.15 M)(100 mL) = x (150 mL)
x = 0.100 M
3)
4)
I have 345 mL of a 1.5 M NaCl solution. If I boil the water until the volume
of the solution is 250 mL, what will the molarity of the solution be?
M1V1 = M2V2
(1.5 M)(345 mL) = x (250 mL)
x = 2.07 M
5)
How much water would I need to add to 500 mL of a 2.4 M KCl solution to
make a 1.0 M solution?
M1V1 = M2V2
(2.4 M)(500 mL) = (1.0 M) x
x = 1200 mL
1200 mL will be the final volume of the solution. However, since
theres already 500 mL of solution present, you only need to add 700
mL of water to get 1200 mL as your final volume. The answer: 700
mL.
solution.
solution.
solution.
solution.
e) 0.0348 grams of PbCl2 to form 45.0 mL of solution.
m=
mol
kg
a. How many grams of KCl must be dissolved in 255 g of water to prepare a 0.445 m solution?
b. What is the molality of a solution prepared by dissolving 35.2 g of KCl in 300 ml of water? (Assume the density of
water is 1.00 g/ml)
c. How many grams of KCl are contained in a 5.15 m solution if 825 grams of water are used to prepare the solution?
d. How many moles of KCl are contained in a 5.15 m solution if 825 grams of water are used to prepare the solution?
Per Cent by mass . % = g of solute total grams of solution.
%m =
mass.solute
100
total.mass
a. What is the percent by mass of a solution prepared by dissolving 4.50 g of KCl in 25.0 g of water?
b. A solution contains 1.00 mole of KCl and 2.00 mole of water. What is the percent by mass of KCl in the solution?
c. What is the percent by mass of water in the solution in part 2b above?
d. How many grams of KCl are contained in 1000 g of a solution if the solution is 4.52% KCl by mass?
Molarity. M = the number of moles of solute volume of solution (L)
M =
mol
L
a. What is the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 2.50 g of KCl in 100. ml of solution?
b. How many moles of solute are contained in 200. ml of a 0.125 M solution of KCl?
c. 8.97 grams of (NH4)2CO3 are used to make a 0.250-molar solution. What is the final volume of this solution?
d.
How many grams of KMnO4 are required to prepare 750.0 mL of a 0.125 M solution?
e. How many grams of glucose are contained in 500.0 mL of 0.30 M glucose, C6H12O6, used in intravenous injection?
Dilution. Molarity of initial x vol. of initial = Molarity of final x vol. of final
M 1V1 = M 2V2
a. What volume (mL) of concentrated H3PO4 (14.7 M) should be used to prepare 125 mL of a 3.00 M H3PO4 solution?
b. What volume (mL) of 0.872 M K2CrO4 should be used to prepare 100.0 mL of a 0.125 M solution?
If I add 25 mL of water to 125 mL of a 0.15 M NaOH solution, what will the molarity of the diluted solution be?
c. If I add water to 100 mL of a 0.15 M NaOH solution until the final volume is 150 mL, what will the molarity of the diluted
solution be?
d. How much 0.05 M HCl solution can be made by diluting 250 mL of 10 M HCl?
e. I have 345 mL of a 1.5 M NaCl solution. If I boil the water until the volume of the solution is 250 mL, what will the
molarity of the solution be?
f. How much water would I need to add to 500 mL of a 2.4 M KCl solution to make a 1.0 M solution?
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If I add 45 grams of sodium chloride to 500 grams of water, what will the melting
and boiling points be of the resulting solution?
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Which solution will have a higher boiling point: A solution containing 105 grams
of sucrose (C12H22O11) in 500 grams of water or a solution containing 35 grams
of sodium chloride in 500 grams of water?
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5 grams of salt (NaCl) is added to 170 mL of water. What are the new freezing
and boiling points?
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What is the change in freezing point of a solution containing 132 g C12H22O11 and
250 g of H2O?
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What is the boiling point of a solution containing 52 g MgSO4 and 334 g H2O?
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Rank the following solutions from lowest to highest boiling point, a 2.5 m
solution of sodium chloride, a 3.5 m solution of magnesium chloride, or a
4.5 m solution of sulfur dioxide?
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Rank the following solutions from lowest to highest boiling point, a 2.5 m
solution of sodium chloride, a 3.5 m solution of magnesium chloride, or a
4.5 m solution of sulfur dioxide?
4.5 m SO2 < 2.5 m NaCl < 3.5 m MgCl2
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