Indian Astronomy
Indian Astronomy
Indian Astronomy
Units of length-8 modern units, 7 Yojanas Structures of Universe Reverse tree of space & image in man Concept & measures of time-9 scales for 9 stages of creation Yugas of 7 types Chronology of historic yuga in third cycle since 61902 BC Veda by Brahm in 29102 BC & 28 Vysa till 3102 BC Period before glacial flood of 10000 BC Srya vama from Ikvku in 8576 BC Chandra vama from Vaivasvata Manu period of 13900 BC 28 Buddhas, Mahvra, ankarchrya Kings of Magadha in Kali era Mlava-gaa (756 BC-456 CB) 4 branches till 1192 AD. Kings of Kashmir from 3450 BC (Rja-tarangi) Kings of Nepal from 4159 BC (Traditional) Modern cosmology-limitations Vedic cosmology in 3 parts-Purua, r, Yaja. Experimental proof in Homeopathy medicines
Contents
7 Yojana and 7 yugas ( , //) , Yujir verb = to add, This forms yuga and yojana-both unite in 7 ways.$ Two Yojanas by Bhskarchrya-II for 2 purposes1. Astronomy- Siddhnta-iromai -earth is standardEquator = 5000 yojanas, 1 yojana = 8 Kms. 2. Human use-Llvat-Angula (finger width) is standard. 1 Yojana = 32,000 hands = 16 Kms. ( ) ( /) Sun is at 100 Yojanas. Here, yojana is diameter of sun. It is at 108(about 100) yojanas. Jain astronomy-1 Prama yojana = 500 tm yojana =1000 Utsedha yojanas Gaja means elephant and measuring rod both, It indicates number 8. Modern Physics-(1) Definitions of Meter(a) 107 part of distance between equator and north pole along Paris. (b) Distance between 2 marks on a rod at zero degree at Paris. ( c) 16,50,763,73 times wave-length of a radiation of Krypton86. (d) linked with second by speed of light-Light travels 2,99,792.458 Kms in 1 second. (2) Foot = length of Human foot = 30.48 Cms. (3) Nautical Mile-1 minute arc on equator = 6076.115 feet or 1852 meter. Astronomical measures-(1) Astronomical unit (AU)-Semi major axis of earth orbit =distance of sun =1.496 x 1011 Meters. (2) Persec (Pc)-This is distance at which 1 AU makes angle of 1 second 1 Persec = 3.0856 x 1016 Meters = 3.26 Light years 6 Kilo-persec (Kpc) = 1000 Pc, Mega-persec (Mpc) = 10 Pc. 15 (3) Light year is distance travelled by light in 1 tropical year = 9.4605 x 10 Meter
rpati calls it the size of dust particles seen in sun-rays. This is Trasareu which has 60 Aus (atom) as per yurveda.
Thus, 1 atom = 1.2 x10-7Cm.
= 1.4 x 10-8 Cm
Any measure is in general called Angula. Purua skta-1 tells the whole world as angula. When measure is only 1 angula, it is called Anguha. Blakhilya planets are called of 1 Anguha. Here earth is Purua of 96 angulas.
In space, earth has been called Padma (lotus) of 1000 petals-Padma-pura, Si khaa (40/2-3) or gveda (6/16/13-14). Counting atmosphere as part of earth, its 1000 part is equal to ryabhaa yojana.
Bhgavata pura, part 5 calls planetary orbit up to Neptune as Disc-shaped earth of 100 Crore yojana diameter. Middle age astronomers have multiplied it by 360 to make It Divya yojana as diameter of Brahma (galaxy). Half part of that is loka (lighted) part of 50 crore yojanas, in which 7 dvpa (continents) and samudra (ocean) are described as same names found on earth. Remaining part is Aloka (dark) region. Here, 1 yojana = 1000 part of earth diameter = 12.75628 Kms.
Sun
Dvpa
Name of region Serial-Planet Point Radius(1000 yojana) Radius of Dvpa Error% 1.Mercury Near 5976.0 6,150 2.1 Kra-sgara 2.Mercury Far 15,701.1 15,750 0.3 Mnasottara parvata 3. Venus Near 2851.0 2,950 3.5 Ghta-sgara 4. Venus Far 18,813.0 18,950 0.7 Pukara-Dvpa 5. Mars Near 4,090.0 4,550 11.2 Kraucha-Dvpa 6.Mars Far 25,736.5 25,350 -1.5 Jala-samudra 7. Jupiter Near 43,422.8 41,100 -5.3 Jana-sthna 8. Saturn Far 1,21,599.6 1,25,000 2.8 Hiraya-vara 9. Sun (mean) 10,840.4 10,950 1.0 Mean of Dadhi samudra 10. Ceres* Near 16, 312.8 15,750 -3.4 Mnasottara parvata 11. Ceres* Far 42,683.2 41,100 -3.7 Jana-sthna 12.Urans Far 2,29,811.0 2,50,000 8.8 Aloka-vara Note-1.* Ceres is the main body in the asteroid belt between mars and Jupiter. Its orbit is calculated for figures of 2000 AD. 2. Jamb-Dvpa of 50,000 yojana radius is extent of gravitational field of earth in which an object will be in orbit. Its axis in direction of earth rotation in Meru of 1,00,000 yojanas. 3. Dadhi-samdra is solid planet zone. Its mean circle is orbit of earth-largest solid planet.
Solar yojana/earth yojana =214.1538/7.9727 = 26.86 or 27 approximately. Bha means star and indicates number 27. So, measure of sun (a star) and star-like planets can be called Bha-yojana which means star-measure or 27 (Bha) yojanas. (1) Sun orbit=43,31,500 Yojana (Srya-siddhnta 12/86) Diameter = 1.47 x 10 8 Kms., Modern value = 1.50 x 10 8 Kms. (2) Nakatra Kak = Sun orbit x 60 (Srya-siddhnta 12/80) This is obviously within solar system as size of Brahma is much larger. This is small planets called Blakhilyas, 60,000 in number rotating round sun. Their size in Anguha = 1 angula (Bhgavata pura 5/21/17) Earth can be taken as a purua of 96 angula = 12,756.28 Km. So, Blakhilya size is 12,756.28/96 = 135 km. NASA estimate of 2005 is that there are 70,000 Plutonic bodies of more than 100 Km Diameter at 44-65AU distance (60 AU average in Bhgavata) (3) Brahma circumference = 1.87 x 10 16 Bha-yojana (Srya-siddhnta 12/90) Diameter = 1.3 x 10 5 Light year , Modern measure 105 LY.
Dhma yojana
- ( , //)
For 30 Dhma brightness is more, which is understood as Vk =field of Patanga =sun. Each Vasta (location) of Dyu (sky) is measured in Ahar. Ahar and vasta both mean day. Dhma and yojana both words have been used in gveda (1/123/8) for measure of U (twilight)
( , //)
They (U) are same today and will be same tomorrow. They spread towards place of Varua, one by one. Dhma of Varua are 30 without break. They are ahead of Kratu =sun by 30 Yojanas. 1. Meaning in space-Zone of Varua is galaxy. Within that, there are 30 zones one after other where light of sun is more than the background of galaxy. Light of each zone is more than darkness and less Sun itself and is called U (twilight) of 30 levels in 30 zones called Dhma. Measure of Dhma here is not defined. Here measuring rod is earth itself as in Srya-siddhnta-
, .. ( , //, , /)
Measure of loka has started in Taittirya upaniad (2/8) from Earth-called Manuya-loka. Bhadrayaka upaniad (3/3/2)-
= 32 ahar (Plural is ahani) is measure of Deva-ratha, its double in all directions is Pthiv (enclosure of solar system), that is surrounded all around by Samudra (ocean) of twice size. Thus all measure starts from earth as measuring rod. But there are 3 Dhmas within earth, so Dhma 3 = earth. Distance from center of measure is equal to radius of earth. Radius of Dhma 4 =2 x earth radius, Radius of Dhma 5 = 4 x earth radius, and so on.
Ahargaa Scale
n-3 D=rx2 r 3 2 1
Earth
4 ahargaa = 2r
4r
8r
Kara Dhma
Meaning of Dhma on earth-Varua is lord of west direction. U (twilight) goes up to 30 dhmas in that direction ahead of place of sun rise. In India, it is taken as 15 degree west of sun-rise. This is called Sandhy (joint) period and in Kali-yuga of 1200 years, 2 sandhy are of 100 years each. Thus in a day of 24 hours, it will be of 1 hour each equal to 15 degree rotation of earth. In west, it is taken as 18 degree which is more correct for European latitudes. Thus 1 Dhma = degree longitude. longitude This will differ for each latitude circle, will decrease as we move away from equator. On equator, it is fixed and can be called a Dhma-yojana, equal to half degree arc. Thus, 1 Dhma40,000/ 000/720 = 55. 55.5 kms. kms. Dhma-yojana = 40,
( //)
= Persons doing good finally enter the largest cave of size (circumference) of parardha yojana (0.5 x 1017 x 55.5 kms.). Knowers of Brahma call it a combination of light and shadow having 5 Agnis (condensations) called (1) Svayambhu (universe as collection of 1011 galaxies), (2) Parameh maala (galaxy with stars), (3) solar system of 30 dhamas (230 x earth size), (4) Chandra maala (sphere containing orbit of moon), and (5) earth. Out of these, the last 3 are jointly influencing uscalled 3 eyes of iva. Chiketa = distinct, Nchiketa =indistinct, mixed. Here diameter of galaxy comes to 97000 LY, between 100000 and 95000 LY estimates of NASA in 1990 and 2005. Same measure is used in gveda (1/164/12) etc. where Brahma has always been called Pura (structure) of Parrdha size. Yojaana has been used only once in gveda, so it can have only this meaning.
Earth to 17 ahargaa
Mercury
Sun
Solar system
33 ahargaa 27 Maitreya 21 Rathantara sma 17 ahargaa Saturn Earth
Sun
Bright
Light
Sun as point
Sun
1000 D Step 2
5 10 D Step 3
7 10 D
Brahma
Parama pada
Difference between radii of Earth and venus orbits = (150-108) x 106 Km. Thus, Varha zone = (26.125/42) x 100 = 62.2%. (d) 21 ahargaa = earth x 218 = Radius of 1672 x 106 Km. Chakra of Ratha of sun has1000 yojana radius. Here, yojana =diameter of sun. So, radius is 13,92,000 x 1000 = 1392 x 106 Km. This is also called Sahasrka zone, where aka = sun. Thus 21 crosses ratha and is called Rathantara-sma. (e) 27 ahargaa = earth x 224 = Radius of 1.07 x 1011 Km. This is called Maitreya-maala. In Viu pura (2/7) etc. it is stated of 105 yojana. Here, yojana is sun diameter. This is also called Svitr = creative. It is 224 times earth and chhanda of 24 letters is called Gyatr . Gyatr also means Svitr . (f) 33 ahargaa = earth x 230= Radius of 6.848 x 1012 Km. Latest estimate of farthest objects is Oort cloud at distance between 75 to 150 thousand AU. Larger limit =1.5 x 108 x 1.5 x105 Km = 2.25 x1013 Km (g) 34 ahargaa is of double size called Prajpati. 2. Sun centric Triup chhanda - Triup chhanda has 4 parts of 11 letters each. 3 parts are 3 zones of solar system called 3 steps of Viu. Complete Chhanda is of 44 letters. That is measure of Maharloka. It is taken 43 only as Chhanda can be of 2 letters more or less. It is equal to width of spiral arm of galaxy, called ea-nga. It has about 1000 stars called 1000 heads of ea. The 3 zones or steps of Viu are zones of heat, brightness and light. 3. Two parts-Planetary zone is called Bhaspati, the largest planet. Outer zone is after 1000 Sun-diameters = Sahasrka or Indra-
Solar yojana
For measure of solar system, diameter of sun itself has been taken as a yojana. It can be also called tm-yojana, as sun is tm (soul) of universe (Yajurveda 7/42 etc.) It is seen from Vyu pura (6/12) where Varha is stated 100 yojana high and 10 yojana wide. As it is description of solar system, height of from sun is 100 yojana and in its body of 10 yojana, earth is like a dot on its tooth. Thus earth is between 100 and110 yojanas from sun. Taking sun-diameter as unit, it is 108-109 diameters. Examples(1)Heat zone (Tpa-ketra)-Up to 100 yojanas from sun ( ) ( /) ( ) ( ///) (2) Bright zone (Rami-ketra)-Up to 1000 yojanas from sun- ( ) ( = ) //) (../) (3) Maitreya Maala -1 lakh yojanas-Viu pura (2/8) Wheel of ratha -1000 yojana = zone of Indra (Sahasrka, aka or chaku = eye which is sun, Sahasra =1000)-This is grand cycle of planetary motions up to Saturn, so it is wheel. That Is basis of yugas in which revolution of planets are stated (Bhagaopapatti) Ratha = Diameter 9000 yojana. Radius = 4500 yojana, up to orbit of Pluto. -daa (axle rod)-Extent of solar wind up to 9000 yojana. Its middle zone is at 6750, Which is Nakatra-kak (orbit of small bodies, Blakhilya = small planets at end) at 60 AU i.e. 60 times distance of sun (Srya-siddhnta 12/80) Spread of Solar Ratha (=body)-157 lakh yojanas x 1392000 kms.= 2 LY diameter
Trui has been defined as time taken by a sharp needle to pierce a petal of rose. -Vaevara-siddhnta, madhyamdhikra,7; Siddhnta-iromai, madhyamdhikra, 26
Ma Maala ala
Svyambhuva Maala
Universe 1011 galaxies
Symbol
Space Human body
= Biggest
Viu =
enclosing
Air
Anhata
Solar system
Saura-Maala
Indra
= radiation
Teja
Svdhihna
Chndra-Maala Bh-Maala
Earth
Soma Agni
Water Earth
r l
Maipra Mldhra
Here order of Svdhihna and Maipra is reversed in order of creation, called si-krama. That is in order of Mhevara-stras- . It is in Saundarya-lahar -9. , ,
(Earth)
Bh
Bhuvar
Svar
Mahar
Janah
Tapah
Satya
Infinite Universe
Parama Dhma Trilok (Dhma) Rodas (Avama) Krandas (Madhyama) (of Rudra = weeping, lower) (Viu, tears, middle) Ocean Svitr Sarasvat Water Mara Ambha
Sanyat (Uttama)
(Static, higher)
Higher spheres are 4, successively bigger than man by 107 . Chndra-maala is affecting us, so that too is a world. Thus higher world are 5, given in World-tree1. Svyambhuva-maala (universe), 2. Parameh-maala (galaxy), 3. Saura-maala, (Solar system), 4. Chndra-maala (sphere of moon orbit), 5. Bh-maala (Earth) Man is world no. 6-Average of length-width-height=1.28 Meters= 107 parts of earth diameter. Lower Worlds are 7, successively smaller than man by 105 . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 (Cell) (Atom) (Nucleus) (Moving particles) (Quarks ?) (Proto-type) (Strings) -5 -10 10-25 Meter 10-30 Meter 10-35 Meter Size 10 Meter 10 Meter 10-15 Meter 10-20 Meter Total worlds are 13, so Viva means 13. Viva is any system which is closed, complete and independent.
Kalila
Jva
Kualin
Jagat
Deva-dnava
Pitara
Lower worlds () - ,
In womb, cell starts collecting all materials, so it is called kalila.
( ) , (/)
( ) ( , /)
A cell also is a Viva, which is enclosed (pariveita).
() ()
Starting from man, hair-end is first smaller Viva 100 thousand times smaller. There are 6 more levels smaller by same ratio. Smallest is Nirajana (not perceived by any instrument, or mind) From is, pitars were born; then Deva-dnava. All jagat was from Deva only. Devas are 33, Asuras are 99, so created universe is one-fourth only (Purua-skta 3,4). Jagat= moving particles are of 3 types-Chara =lepton, Sthu =Baryon, Anu-prva = Mesonic link particles. Assume 100 parts of 100th part of hair end (micron size)= 10-10 Meter. That is Jva, not destroyed in any chemical change-all Kalpa =or creation is recombination of atoms only.
( , )
( , /)
() ( , /) () , - - .. - - () - - ( , ///)
Central nerve is 107 parts of hair-end. Kualin is still 100 times smaller, equal to nucleus of atom = 10-15 meters
In beginning, it was Asat (invisible, beyond perception) only. That was i. They pulled with force and energy, so they were called i = Rassi in Hindi (String).
Time is perception of change of world. Change is of 3 types defining 3 types of time = Kla. (1) Nitya Kla (Eternal time)-All physical bodies are always decaying. Changes are irreversible. Whatever has gone can not come back. So, it is also called Death (Mtyu). (2) Janya Kla (Creative time)-This is related to Yaja which is creation of useful things in a cycle. Measure of that cycle is unit of time. There are 9 cycles of creation called 9 sargas. In Bhgavata Pura, 10 sargas are stated including Avyakta (abstract, formless). Time of that is Partpara.
Concept of Time
( /)
(3) Akaya-kla (conserved time)-This is time of a system which follows 5 types of conservation laws In physics-mass, momentum, energy, angular momentum, and parity or charge.
. (, ) (, /)
(, /)
(4) Partpara Kla-This is time of abstract source of Universe, and is beyond any perception. It is described in Bhgavata Pura (3/16). From this abstract 9 levels are created, when forms and changes are perceived. It is called Day of Brahm.
Purua also is of 4 types-(1) All bodies with form (boundary is called Chhanda) are constantly decaying. That is called Kara. Despite decay, the functions of the body remain the same, called Akara. It is known by same identity, which is invisible (Kastha). As a part of surrounding, it is constant, called Avyaya. At ultimate source, there is no difference-it is Partpara. Purua Time Purua 1. Kara Nitya 2. Akara Janya 3. Avyaya Akaya 4. Partpara Partpara 9 scales of time for 9 Sargas (stages of creation). Bhgavata pura counts 10 including abstract source. Source matter spread like ocean of water is Rasa (ultimate), Ap (creative), Ambha (galaxy), Salila (fluctuation), Mara (Solar system). Created structure within boundary is Earth of 3 levels-planet earth, solar field, galaxy. Initial stages for 3 Dhma are 3 ditya-Aryam (Universe), Varua (Galaxy), Mitra (Solar system) Intermediate stages are Varha (cloud = water +air, or boar = animal of land+water). For 9 stages-9 clouds. 5 Varha in space-di, Yaja (of galaxy), veta (light from sun), Bh (matter of which cindensed into earth), Ema-atmosphere
(, /)
Same period is night, when all merge in same formless source. In modern terms, 1 day-night of 8.64 billion LY is radius of visible universe and also cycle of creation. (2) Prjpatya-Prajpati is Creator. His work started with creation of galaxy. Axial rotation period of galaxy is called Manvantara. Galaxy element is called Manu. It has 1011 stars which is equal to number of cells in human brain. So Brain element is called mana (mind). 1 Manvantara = 71 yugas =30.68 crore years (3) Divya-1 Divya year =360 solar years. It can have 3 meanings(a) Rotation period of imaginary planet at distance of 60 AU(called Nakatra-kak in Srya-siddhnta (12/80) (b) In 1 day-night cycle, sun makes a circle at horizon. Similarly cycle of north-south motion is taken as 1 Divya day, and 360 such days make divya-year. ( c) This is cycle of historic changes called Parivarta-yuga in Vyu-pura in list of 28 Vysas. It includes current generation with past and next =120 x3 years. (4) Jupiter year-It is period of 361.0486 days taken by jupiter with mean motion in 1 sign. In north India, this is actual time in 1 sign (Srya-siddhnta) . In south India, solar year is taken as Jupiter year (Pitmaha-siddhnta) (5) Solar year-1rotation of sun (apparent) is 1 year. 12 part is 1 month. 30 part f month is day. (6) Lunar-Month is synodic rotation of moon in 29.5 days of 2 equal parts-new moon to full is bright half. (7) Pitara-They live on opposite side of moon. So, lunar month is 1 day of Pitaras. 30 days are 1 month and 12 such months are year. (8) Svana (Civil)-Sunrise to next sunrise is day. 30 days = 1 month. 12 months = 1 year. (9) Nkatra (sidereal)-Axial rotation period of about 23 hrs 56 minutes is 1 day. Sunrise to next rise period is bigger by 4 minutes as earth has to move 1 degree more covered by sun in annual motion. 30 days = 1 month. 12 months = 1 year.
7 Yugas -Smaller
(1) Sanskra-yugas-This is period taken by a man in completing his education. This is of 5 types(a) Gopada-yuga-Like 4 feet of a cow, it has 4 years. It starts with Go-dhli, i.e. sun set when dust Is raised due to cows returning after grazing. Year 1 is Kali (start of count) which will end at midnight after 365 days-hence Kali is called sleeping. Year 2 is Dvpara (dv = 2), which will end after 366 Days at sunrise. Thus is called awaken. Year 3 is Tret (tri =3), which ends after 365 days at noon when people are standing. Cycle is completed in year 4, called Kta (=completed) again at sun-set.
(b) 5 year yuga- Yjua- jyotia gives 5 year yuga. 5 such yugas have 6 omitted years, making a bigger yuga of 19 years. ( c) 12 year yuga-It is rotation period of Jupiter and is taken as standard for teaching of Vedas. (d) 19 year yuga -k-jyotia gives 19 year yuga with 7 extra lunar months which tallies with solar year within 2 hours (See Vednga jyotia by P.V. Holay, Nagpur, 1985) (e) Eclipse yuga- this is by joint motion of sun and Rhu in 18 years 10.5 days. Its half period of 3339 tithis is also cycle of eclipse indicated in k (3/9/9, 10/52/6). (2) Human yuga-(a) Normal working period of life is 60 years. This is cycle of Jupiter years in which Jupiter and Saturn make 5 and 2 revolutions. This is called Angir period in Vedas.
( , /)
( , //)
Here, ditya =12, Pacha-hot = 5 x 12 = 60 years. (b) Century year-It is indicated by Saptari, who remain 100 years in one star. The line joining 2 eastern stars joins zodiac in point whose location is star of Saptari . It moves back @1 star (13020) in 100 years. This is also obtained by combining yugas of k of 5 x 19 =95 years when moon comes in same nakatra. Adding 5 year yuga ofYjua moon will be 1 more. Rjatarangi has called it Laukika era. (c) 120 years cycle is taken in cycle of periods of planets in astrology. (3) Parivarta Yuga-It is Divya year of 360 years. Vyu pura (23/114-226) or Krma (chapter 52) has called it parts of Dvpara or Parivarta. Brahma pura (1/2/29/19) tells Yuga of 2600 years and at (1/2/9/36,37) Calls the same as manvantara of 71 yugas where 1 yuga = 360 years.
- , , ( , //) ( , ///)
.. ( ,///) ( ,/ //,)
71 x 360 =25,560 or about 26,000 years.
Historic yuga
(4) Sahasra yuga-(a) Bhgavata pura (1/1/4) tells a session(satra) of 1000 years by aunaka. Human life is only of 100 years, but standards of moral remain for thousand years, which is a satra of that period. 3000 years after that, Vikramditya re-edited Puras which is continuing now for 2000 years. (Bhaviya pura, 3/3/1/2-4) (b) Saptari-vatsara is of 2700 divya (solar year) or 3030 Mnua years (12 revolutions of moon in 327 days)
Here , 2700 Divya years = 2700 x 365,25 days, 3030 Mnua years = 3030 x 327 days. Both are equal. (c) Romaka siddhnta has used a yuga of 2850 years which is 150 times k yuga of 19 years. (5) Dhruva or Kraucha yuga-(a)Dhruva samvatsara is of 9090 Mnua years or 8100 solar years. (Brahma pura, 1/2/29/18). Vyu pura, (57/18) has called it Kraucha-samvatsara. (b) Jupiter Yuga-Jupiter years in north India follow Srya-siddhnta, chapter 4, where 361.0486 days is time taken by Jupiter in 1 sign by mean motion. In 85 solar years, there are 1 more i.e. 86 Jupiter years. In south India by Pitmaha siddhnta, solar year is taken as Jupiter year. 60 years cycles in both systems will join in 60 x 85 =5100 solar years which makes 1 Jupiter Yuga. Rma was born on 11-2-4433 BC at 10-47-48 LMT. Then it was Prabhava year in both systems (Viu-dharmottara pura, 82/7,8). 5100 years prior to that, Prabhava year was at time of Matsya incarnation in 9533 BC. As per Iliad of Homer last island of Atlantis had submerged in 9564 BC. Persian tales tell it in 9844 BC. Glacial floods lasted about 1000 years. (6) Ayana-yuga-Manvantara of 26000 years is the precession cycle of earths axis in reverse direction. But historic cycle follows cycle of Glacial floods and ice eras. That is joint effect of rotation of Apogee in 1,00,000 years and precession in reverse direction in 26000 years (Milankovich Theory, 1923). When north pole is inclined away from sun, it gets less heat. Heat is further reduced when sun is farthest at apogee (mandoccha). That is period of glacial ice. At perigee, when north pole is towards sun, it gets maximum heat 1 1 1 and is Glacial floods. That is cycle of 21,600 years= + 21,600 26,000 1,00,000 Middle value of 24,000 years is taken in India with 12000 years period of Avasarpi in order of Satya, Tret, Dvpara, Kali of 4,3,2,1 parts. Second half is Ustasrpi in reverse order of yugas. This is cycle of correction Taken from tradition by Brahmagupta (Brhma-sphua-siddhnta, Madhyamdhikra, 60-61) and Bhskara-2 (Siddhnta-iromai, Bh-paridhi, 7-8) (7) Astronomical era is of 12000 Divya years each equal to 360 solar years, i.e. of 43,20,000 years. It has 3 meanings-(d) Combined cycle of planets within wheel of solar Ratha, up to Saturn (b) Cycle of change in eccentricity of earth orbit, (c) Cycle of magnetic pole reversal. These depend on (a).
( , ///, , /) ( , /)
Yuga Cycle
Glacial cycle (modern value) Cycle Order BC years of start Yuga 61,902 Satya Glacial ice 69,200 (Tret of previous cycle) Avasarpi 57,102 Tret Glacial flood 58,100-Maij era, some sktas in (descending) 53,502 Dvpara that period-Veda-kla-niraya-Dinanath Chulet, 1925. Kali Dark era (first) 51,102 49,902 Kali Utsarpi 48,702 Dvpara (ascending) 46,302 Tret Glacial ice 45,500 42,702 Satya 37,902 Satya Avasarpi 33,102 Tret Glacial floods 31,200 29,502 Dvpara dya Tret-Brahm-Varha Kalpa dya-yuga 27,102 Kali 29,102 (Svyambhuva) 25,102 Kali 27,376-Dhruva-0 (Brahma-dina 2) 24,702 Dvpara 43 x 360 = 16,000 Utsarpi 22,302 Tret Glacial Ice-20,000 19,276-Dhruva-1 18,702 Satya 13,902 Satya 13,102-Vaivasvata Manu Avasarpi 9,102 Tret Glacial floods 9,200 11,176-Dhruva-2 5,502 Dvpara 28 x 360 = 10,000 8,476-Ikvku-1 Vaivasvata 3,102 Kali 3,102-Kali 5,776-Saptari-2 (Current,day-3) 1,902 Kali Mahvra birth 1905, Buddha (18886-1805) 3076-Laukika-3 702 Dvpara 756-draka, kambhar aka -612, r-Hara-456 Utsarpi 1,699 AD Tret 1700AD-Industrial revolution 5,299 AD Satya 2000 AD-End of Tret-sandhy-Information era.
Brahma pura (1/2/6/6-8) tells that the current kalpa or day of Brahm is called Varha-kalpa. Parts of yuga are counted only for this kalpa. In list of 28 Vysas, each part of a yuga has been called parivarta. 1 parivarta = 360 years (Paridhi = circumference divided into 3600, parivartana = change). 1 Tret = 3600 years = 10 Parivarta Yuga. Start of Tret was in 22,302 and in 9,102 BC. These had 10 +10 = 20 parivarta or parts. Even after second Tret ended in 5,502 BC, this counting continued till age of Rma (birth on 11-2-4433 BC as per horoscope in Vlmki Rmyaa) as era of advancement continued. Vyu pura, chapters (70, 86, 98) mentions these partsAsura king Bali-3rd Tret This count should start from 22,302 BC, but this yuga-system itself started after Vaivasvata Manu, hence it should more properly be counted 3600 years before 13,902 BC, i.e. from 17,502 BC. Second Tret will be completed in 16,802 BC and the third will continue till 16,442 BC. In this period of Bali, Vmana had achieved supremacy of 3 lokas for Indra. But Asuras thought that they could have defeated Devas in war and continued attacks. Finally Krttikeya defeated them convincingly. In his period, pole star had shifted from Abhijit to Dhanih and in consultation with Brahm, he started year with entry of sun in Dhanih (Mahbhrata udyoga parva, 230/8-10). That should be in 16,000 BC. Bali period is 1 saptari = 2700 years after completion of Dhruva cycle in 19,276 BC, i.e. after 16,576 BC when Asura empire based in Kraucha Dvpa (north America) was most powerful.. Year started with south ward motion of sun, or var (rains), so year itself was called vara. Datttreya -10thTret,-It appears to be in 9102 BC when second Tret started after end of glacial floods. Mndht - 15th Tret-started in 9102-4 x 360 =7,662 BC and continued till 7,302 BC. 18 generation after him was Bhu, who had been defeated by Yavanas with help of Haihaya, Tlajangha, aka, Prada, Kmboja, and Pahlavas (Brahma pura, 2/3/63/119-120). Megasthenes, Arian, Solin and other Greek authors have given the date of this first Yavana attack by Dionysus (Bacchus) as 6451 years 3 months before Alexander, i.e. in 6,777 BC. Paraurma-19th Tret - It started in 5502 + 2 x 360 = 7222 BC. After his death, Kalamba (Kollam) samvat started in 6,177 BC which still continues in Kerala. As incarnation of Viu, he has been called Hercules (as sun or Viu, he
holds the earth). He was 15 generations after Dionysus as per Greek writers. He destroyed kings (kingdoms) 21 times, which has been called republic era for 120 years by the Greeks. This should start 120 years before the death of Paraurma in 6297 BC, when he must have been about 30-35 years. Thus, he lived up to at least 155 years of age, so he is famous as long lived. Rma-24th Tret- This actually started 3 parivartas after end of Tret, i.e. 5502-3 x 360 = 4422 BC, i.e. when he was 11 years of age. Thus his life was mostly in 24th Tret.
Parts of Yuga
in kali year 25, i.e. in 3076 BC when Saptaris left Magh after 100 years stay in that star. 3 Saptari cycles i.e. 8100 years are cycle of Dhruva starting after death of King Dhruva, grandson of Svyambhuva Manu as per Bhgavata pura. It was called Kraucha year, when Asura kings up to Bali were supreme in that continent. Brahm-There were 7 human Brahm as per Mahbhrata, nti parva (chapters 348, 349)1. Mukhya From mukha (mouth) of Nryaa) or main Brahm-He taught Vaikhnasa. 2. From eyes-He was taught by Soma and himself taught Blakhilyas. 3. From V He has been called Apantaratam, son of V in Mahbhrata, nti parva (349/39). He taught Trisupara i. As per puras, he lived on banks of Gautam (Godvar). The supara, is stated to have entered sea-tending coastal land has been called Rehi (gveda 10/114/4), so farmers in Andhra are still called Reddi. Brhm script of 64 letters still continues as Telugu and Kannada having vowels of 1, 2, 3 meters. 4. In di kta yuga (37902-33102 BC)- Brahm was from ears. He taught Vedas with rayaka, Rahasya, and Sangraha to Svrochia Manu, ankhapada, dikpla Suvarbha. 5. In di kta yuga -From nose of Nryaa-He taught Vraa, Raibhya Muni, and Kuki (Dik-pla = Ruler of a region). 6. Aaja Brahm-taught Barhiad Muni, Jyeha Smavrat, king Avikampana. 7. Padmanbha Brahm taught Daka, Vivasvna, Ikvu-This could not have been a single man from Vivasvn in 14000 BC to Ikvku in 8576 BC. This appears to be institution of Brahm who was first consulted by Krttikeya for new calendar. His tradition appears to have continued till 9,500 BC at time of abhdevaj after glacial floods. He might have been in east Himalayas. Catchment of Brahmaputra river is called Brahmaviapa in Triviapa (Tibet), or at Maipura which means navel (of Nryaa) giving birth to Brahm, adjacent country.
Saptari era-As per, Rjatarangi,1/50-52), Laukikbda started with death of Yudhihira era
40 generations 12 generations 52 generations (incomplete list) = 15,120 years. 1 generation = 15,120 52 = 290 years. Period of Kayapa and Chkua = 29102(Svyambhuva) - 40 x 290 = 17,500 BC. Pthu period = 17,500 5 x 290 = 16,050 BC. Thus, Kayapa period is from 17,500 to 16,050 BC. It may be noted that Institute of Brahm from Svyambhuva Manu continued till glacial ice period in 20,000 BC. Then, it was revived by Kayapa. After that, period of each Vysa till abhadeva can be taken as 2 parivarta = 720 years. Period of 6thVaivasvata-Yama is taken as 4 parivarta = 1440 years as there was deluge in his period. After abhadeva , period of all Vysa is taken as 1 parivarta = 360 years.
Mlavagaa756-456 BC Mlava -gaa -756draka was born as Indrgupta in Brhmaa family and was king of Mlav (Ujjain). He united 4 main royal families in a yaja at Abu (Arbuda parvata) performed by Viu incarnation Buddha born as son of Ajina in Kkaa (Magadha). draka-aka was started in 756 BC on that occasion indicated in Jyotia-darpaa of Yallaya. For uniting 4 kings, he was called draka as honour and his era was called Kta (satya) yuga. These 4 families-Pratihra, Paramra (Pramara), Chlukya, Chhamna (Chauhna)-took lead in protecting the country against attack by Asuras (Assyria),so they were called of Agni-kula. Agni normally means fire, but atapatha Brhmaa (2/2/4/2) defines it as agni (agr) =agra =leader. Pratihra, and Paramra stopped Asuras and Chlukya continued to block, but decisive victory was by king Chhamna who completely routed Asura capital Nineve in 612 BC. This has been indicated in Bible as final destruction of Asura empire by king of Medes east of Indus river (= Madhya-dea between Gang and Himlaya). Chhamna were devotees of kambhar whose blessing for destroying Asuras in Kali era is indicated in Durg-saptaat (11/49). Era was started on that occasion has been indicated by Varhamihira in Bhat-samhit (13/3). After Chhamna, there was temporary incursion by akas of central Asia who were trounced by r-Hara of Mlav, in 456 BC and set up a pillar (Viu-dhvaja = Kutub-minar), called pillar of Hercules by Megasthenes. It has also been indicated by Ibn-Batuta, traveler from Morocco in 13th century. This samvat has been mentioned by Al-Biruni and Abul-Fazal. The 300 year period of Mlava-gaa has been stated by Greek writers like Megasthenes as 300 years of democracy.
28 Buddhas
28 Buddhas are listed in Bauddha text-Stpa (Thpa) vama. Viu incarnation Buddha was born as son of Ajina in Kkaa (Magadha) slightly before drala-aka i.e. in about 800 BC. He was not among 28 Buddhas. Majur Buddha was born in China-he might be among 7 Brahm, and was called Fan. Kayapa Buddha was in 17,500 BC. Praa Kayapa was in Kasap (Rohtas district in west Bihar) in time of Siddhrtha Buddha. Amitbha Buddha was in China at time of Rma whose teaching to Rvaa is called Lankvatra stra. In Yoga-Vsiha, Nirva khaa, chapters 14-17, he has been called Kkabhuu, who was north east from Meru, i.e. in China. Vasiha had gone to him for learning. His views have been criticised in Vlmki Rmyaa, Ayodhy ka, chapters 108-109. In verse (109/34) he has been called Budha, Buddha, Tathgata, akyatama (kya). Sumedh Buddha taught Paraurma after Dhanua yaja at Mithil when Rma was married. He lived at Mahendragiri where a place named Baudha still exists which is a district. His teaching to Paraurm is called Tripur-Rahasya. He is the same i who taught Durg Mhtmya to king Suratha. His explanation of akti as 10 Mahvidy is called 10 Praj-pramit in Baddha texts. kya sinmha Buddha had gone to Nepal just before Mahbhrata in time of king Jitedasti. Fahien has described times and places of 3 Buddhas just before Siddhrtha Budda. Krakucchanda, Kanakamuni and Kayapa. Stpa of Kanakamuni had been doubled by king Ashok in14th year of his rule. After Siddhrtha, there were 3 Lokadhtu Buddhas, out of which 2 were in Kashmir-at time of Ashoka, 48 th king of Gonanda vama (1400 BC), and in time of 53 rd king Kanika (1505 BC). Maitreya Buddha was in Dhnya-Kaaka which is Cuttack in Orissa, a region of dhnya (paddy) with places as Chauliaganja, Dhnamaal, Salepur, etc. As per Fahien, he was about 300 years after death of Siddhrtha Budda (1807 BC) i.e in1500 BC. Dpankara Buddha was after Sumedh. Orissa king Indrabhti was his disciple. His son Padmasambhava started Lama tradition in Tibet. Siddhrtha has named 3 more Buddhas whose teachings did not survive in absence of written textVipay, ikhi, Vivabh.
28 Vysa
Sri Kunvar Lal Jain Vysa-iya books (Puron men Vamnukramika Kla-krama, and Puron men Aitihsika Parivarta Yuga-Itihas Vidya Prakashan, Delhi, 1990) has indicated period of 28 Vysas given in many puras (Vyu, Brahma, Krma etc). This is quoted by 18 Vol. Indian History by Sripad Kulkarni from BHISHMA, Thane, Mumbai-in vol. 4). 1. Svyambhuva Manu (Brahm)-(29,102-17,500 BC)-Svrochia, Tmasa, Raivata also were in this period. 2. Kayapa (Brahma-Svari Manu)-(17,500-16,050 BC)-Chkua, and other Svari Manus. Pthu (17,050 BC) was most important king who did extensive mining all over the world-so earth was called Pthv. Deva and Asuras joined for samudra-manthana which was world-wide joint exploration of minerals. Vena was father of Pthu and possibly a jaina Trthankara as he has been blamed as Jaina in many Puras. 3 an Kvya or ukrchrya (16,050-15,330 BC)-Son of Bhgu. Atharva-veda was by Bhgu-Angir. Guru (Preceptor) of Asura, Daitya, Dnava. Treatises on Rjanti (politics+ economics), Dhanurveda, yurveda, Puras were written. Krttikeya starts new calendar in 15,800 BC with year from entry of sun in Dhanih star. 4. Bhaspati -(15,330-14,610 BC)-Complete form of Vedas. He explained grammar for each word separately is still used in China- where there is separate sign for each word. 5. Vivasvna (Savit)- (14,610-13,900 BC)-New calendar and yuga-system as per Srya-siddhnta. Year started from vina month with entry of sun in mea sign and crossing of equator in north motion of sun. Avasarpi yuga started with Satya yuga. Then Tret, Dvpara came and ended after (4800 +3600 +2400 years) in 3102 BC. 6. VaivasvataVaivasvata-Yama (13,900-12,460 BC)-He was Ahur-Mazda (Asura-Mahdeva) of Zend-Avesta. Deluge in his period. He had explained the secrets of death to Nachiket (Kahopaniad), so he is called rddha-Deva also. He is called younger brother of Vaivasvata-Manu, but in action only.. His place was called Yama-loka, place of dead with capital at Sanyaman Pur. These are now called Yaman, Amman, Sana, Dead sea etc. 7. IndraIndra-atakratu (12,460-11,740 BC)-ata =100, Kratu = yaja = science of producing desired objects in cycles. There were many Indras in 3600 years supremacy of Devas, but 14 among them were important who ruled for 100 years each-and were called atakratu . Most of the sktas of Vedas were written at time of 7th IndraVaikunha. Indra was Lokapla (ruler) of east direction (from center of India). With assistance of Marut (Lokapla of north-west) who was expert in science of sound-he made Deva-ngar script with 49 letters for 49Maruts-still used in north India from east (Indra) to West (Marut). Vasih (11,740-11,020 BC)-He was son of Mitra (Sun-Iran)) and Varua (Ahur-Mazda in Arab) both-may be 8.Vasiha link between two regions. 8th maala of k-veda is by him. 9.Apntaratam or Srasvata (11,020-10,300 BC)-Son of Sarasvat-Alambu in gotra (family) of DadhyaAtharvaa. He lived on banks of Gautam (Godvar) where Brhm script is still current as Telugu and Kannaa. 10.Tridhm or Mrkaeya (10,300-9,580 BC)-Datttreya taught Yoga-tantra and Mrkaeya taught pura.
Srya-vana Srya
SryaSrya-vana started with rule of Ikvku on 1-11-8576 BC. He has been called son of Vaivasvata Manu (13902 BC)
but could have been descendant, or he re-established his system of calendar and polity. In Kish-chronicle of Iraq, his son or descendant Vikuki has been called Ukusi in 8,320 BC. (1) Vaivasvata Manu (13902 BC), (2) Ikvku (1-11-8576 BC), (3) Vikuki (Ukusi in 8320 BC), (4)Purajaya or Kakutstha also called baka =hump of bull)-He defeated Sujambha, second son of Prahlda in sixth Deva-asura war. (5) Anen, (6) Pthu-not the earlier king of Kayapa period, (7) Vivagava, (8) rdra, (9) Yuvanva-1, (10) rvasta (set up rvast town), (11) Bhadava, attacked by Dhundu Asura. (12) Kuvalayva did the job, so he was called Dhundhumra. Firdausi (Persian poet) has called him Keraspa in his Shhanm. (13) Dhva, (14) Pramoda, (15) Haryava-1, (16) Nikumbha, (17) Samhatva, (18) Kva, (19) Prasenajita, (20) Yuvanva-2, (21) Mndht-About his kingdom saying was famous that sun always sets and rises in his kingdom (Vyu pura 88/68, Viu pura 4/2/65, Mahbhrata, Droa parva 62/11). Subordinate kings were-Angra (Gndhra), Marutta, Asita (Asita-Dhanv in atapatha brhmaa 13/4/3/12 was an Asura king-not Dionysus but his predecessor), Gaya, Anga-Bhadratha, Janamejaya, Sudhanv, Nga. His 3 sons ruled different states, and main line continued at Ayodhy. (22) Purukutsa (23) Trasadasyu (24) Sambhta (25) Anaraya (26) Trasadava, (27) Haryava-2, (28) Vasumna, (29) Tridhanv, (30) Tryrua, (31) Satyavrata or Trianku-He was being set by yaja of Vivmitra to Svarga, but was stopped midway by Indra. (32) Harichandra-He donated entire kingdom to Vivmitra and worked as chla at K. (33) Rohitva, (34) Harita, (35) Chachu, (36) Vijaya, (37) Ruruka, (38) Vka, (39) Bhu-He was defeated and killed in combined attack of Yavana, Kmboja, etc in 6,777 BC. (40) Sagara-He took back the whole empire and spread influence over seas due to which they were called sgara. He punished Persians by making their beard goat-shaped and expelled Yavanas from Arab when the settled in Greece which was called Ionia (Herodotus). His 60,000 sons were burnt by sage Kapila, who might have been author of Snkhya-stras. In Gt, he has been named as foremost Siddha and Srya-siddhnta, chapter 12 tells Siddhapura at 1800 east of Ujjain, so many persons take his place at California (assumed to be Kapilraya). (41) Asamajasa was expelled. (42) Anumna-grandson of Sagara became king. (43) Dilpa, (44) Bhagratha succeeded in bringing Gang from Himlaya which was called Bhgrath. (45) ruta, (46) Nbhga-was a relation, not son. (47) Ambara-2, (48) Sindhu, (49) Ayutyu, (50) tupara, (51) Sarvakma, (52) Sudsa, (53) Kalmapda (His feet became black due to curse of akti, son of Vasiha), (54) Amaka, (55) Urukma, (56) Mlaka-He was at time of Paraurma and was hidden among women for saving him, so he was named Nr-kavacha. (57) ataratha, (58) Iavia, (59) Kakarma, (60) Sarvakma, (61) Anarya (or Anaraya), (62) Nighna, (63) Anamitra or Raghu-1, (64) Duluha, (65) Vivamahat, (66) Dilpa. (67) Raghu-2-He is the hero of Raghuvama, epic of Klidsa. On his name, the clan was called Raghuvama. Whole of ancient India was under him. (68) Aja, (69) Daaratha, (70) Rma was his most famous son (4433-4372 BC) who killed Rvaa and set up world empire. His rule is still considered standard for propriety.
Chandra-Vama Chandra
(1) Soma (=Chandra) was son of Atri, (2) Budha was son of Soma, (Tya-mah-brhmaa 24/18/6, Mahbhrata, udyoga parva 147/3). (2) Budha was married to I, daughter of Vaivasvata-Manu. Son of I was (3) Aila Pururav, first emperor in this line. His basic name was Puru. As son of I, he was Aila. He started institution of yaja (3 agnis for that). He was like vabha (bull) of yaja and was making rava (vibration). So, he was called rav. This means that he was capable of production, hence rav is still used as word for respect around Kashi. (4) yu, (5) Nahua had held the post of Indra also for some period when Indra had to leave after Brahma-haty by killing of Vtra. Later on, had to become serpent (a tribe of men where he ruled) by curse of a i. First son of Nahua was Yati who became sanys (renunciate), so second son Yayti became the king. 6. Yayti -His first wife Devayn was daughter of ukrchrya (Kvya in Kaaba, Arab) who had 2 sons- Yadu, Turvasu. Second wife armih was daughter of Asura (Dnava) king Va-parv (va = Taurus, parvata = mountain-in Turkey). She had 3 sons-Druhyu, Anu, Puru. Due to fraudulent second marriage, ukrchrya cursed Yayti to become old. Then the youngest son Puru only agreed to take his old state, so he was given main kingdom, and in his name the clan was called Puru-vama. Yadu got north east part-in that line Ka (3228-3102 BC) was born. Druhyu got west part, Anu north (nava = yavana) and Turvasu in south -east. One branch of Yadu clan is stated to have gone under Ezypt rule where they were called Yid =Yahud (Jew)escaped to Israel. (7) Puru, (8) Janamejaya-He did 3 Avamedha-yaja. (9) Prchnavn or Aviddha, (10) Pravra, (11) Manasyu or Namasyu-He rules from Sindhu river to east ocean and Vindhya mountain to Himlaya. (12) Abhayada or Subhr, (13) Subvanta or Dhundhu, (14) Yavuyna or Bahugva, (15) Samyti, (16) Ahamyati, (17) Raudrva, (18) Rucheyu-One of his 10 sisters was married to Atri whose son was Svasti. He had 3 sonsSoma (different from the first of Chandra line), Datta (Datttreya), and Durvs. His daughter Apl also was seer of mantra of gveda. (19) Matinra, in time of Mndht in about 7,300 BC (20) Apratrtha-His son i Kva Medhtithi was seer of many mantras. Her sister Gaurs son was Mndht-famous world emperor of Srya-vama. (21) Tamsu or Sumati, (22) lina, or Sudyumna , (23) Duyanta-from his wife akuntal was born famous emperor (24) Bharatahero of Abhijna-kuntalam-famous play of Klidsa. is of his time were-chka, Jamadagni, Vivmitra, and Bharadvja. Bharata was married to Sunand, daughter of Sarvasena, king of K. From her, a son (25)Bhmanyu was born by niyoga (artificial birth) by Bharadvja. (26) Bhatktra (27) Suhotra (28) Hasti made a town in his nameHastinpura, As this became capital of kings of India, Chinese called this country as elephant (hasti) kingdom. East and south parts of India adjacent to China are in shape of elephant head, whose trunk (ua) has gone to the end of Indonesia after which there is strait of u.. After Hasti, his son (29) Vikuhana became king. All his 3 sonsAjamha, Purumha, Dvimha-were brhmaas, but on order of sage Bharadvja, eldest son (30) Ajamha became king. He was contemporary to Srya-vama king Tridhanv. After that, the list is in-complete.
Gupta Kings
GuptaGupta-VamaVama-They have been called ndhra-bhtya also, as they were serving as commander under them (Matsya pura 273/17). Their place is called r-Parvata which should be r-ailam of Andhra Pradesh as
the kings were from that area, not of Nepal as surmised. At start of this rule, Alexander attacked India in 326 BC. His historians have mentioned last kings of ndhra and first 2 kings of Gupta clan as well as strength of army of ndhra kings. Names as mentioned by Megasthenes areGhaotkacha (Ghaa = head, Utkacha = remover of hairs) - barber, Chandrar. (Chandra-Bja)Agrammas (Xandrammas)-31st. ndhra king Chandragupta-1-Sandrocottus, Samudragupta-Sandrocryptus, Chandragupta-2 was famous as conqueror or Amitrocchedas (= wiping out enemies)-Amitrochades. This was known to R.C Mazumdar, who quoted Megasthenes in Ancient India-page 135 to give strength of army of ndhra kings. But, he had to retract it in his later book in collaboration with K.K. Dutta and H.C. Raychaudhary. For obedience to British fraud, he was made General editor of 12 Vol. Indian History by Bharatiya Vidya Bhawan. Usmania university also keeps both contradictions-For culture of Andhra Pradesh, Megasthenese had come in Gupta period. For history purpose, he was in Maurya period. Gupta kings adopted titles of earlier great kings of Maurya periodChandragupta-1-Vijayditya. Samudragupta-Aokditya, Chandragupta-2-Vikramditya. This was only a title. Famous Paramra king of Ujjain of this name was later on. rgupta-Ghaotkacha-Chandragupta-1 (327-320 BC)-Founder
Samudragupta (Aokditya (320-269 BC) Chandragupta-2 (Vikramditya) (269-233 BC) Kumragupta-1 (233-191 BC) Puragupta (guardian of Budhagupta) Budhagupta (172-166 BC)
Vainyagupta (175-174 BC) Kumragupta-2 (174-172 BC) Narasimhagupta (Blditya-1)- (166-126 BC) Kumragupta-3 (126-85 BC) Viugupta (85-82 BC)
Mlv Kings
After Mahbhrata war, Pakita was killed by Nga Takaka of Takail in 3042 BC. His Son, king Janamejaya retaliated against Ngas in 3089 BC in his Nga-yaja. Many persons were killed, giving names of Moin-jo-daro (=place of dead) and Harappa (heap of bones). India became safe for 2200 years from invasion. But in 833 BC, Mauryan empire broke after fall of unga and Kava eras and attacks started from tyrants of Assyria, called Asura In India. Khrvel of Orissa (835 BC as per his inscription) checked their incursion up to Mathura. But that was in-sufficient and Viu-incarnation Buddha, son of Brhmaa Ajina of Magadha united 4 leading (Agri=Agni) kings of India-Paramra, Pratihra, Chhamna, Chlukya under Mlv king draka at mount Abu in756 BC (draka -aka). For uniting 4 clans, he was called udra as honour. Paramra, and Pratihra checked Asuras for a while, but they were routed by Chhamna of Delhi. Bible has stated that king of Medes of east of Indus wiped out Nineve, capital of Assyria in 612 BC (Era as per Bhat-samhit 13/3 of Varhamihira). His goddess kambhar is Indicated in Durg-saptaat (11/58). King Sudhanv was 6th from him who setup 4 Phas of ankarchrya in 483 BC. Last descendant was Prithviraj Chauhan, defeated in 1192 AD by Mohammad Ghori. Gardabhilla king Darpaa of Ujjain had kidnapped Sarasvat, sister of Jain muni Klakchrya (599-527 BC), who went for help to 96 chiefs of Hinduga (Hindukush). Those chiefs had to save themselves from Darius of Persia (550 BC) and with help of Balamitra, king of Saurra, captured Ujjain. aka king Nahpna or Nahasena was made ruler of Ujjain. The aka kings and descendants were wiped out by r-hara in 456 BC (Hara-aka). After that Paramra king captured Ujjain. As per Bhaviya pura, pratisarga (4/1), they were(1) Pramara (197-191 BC), (2) Mahmara (191-188 BC), (3) Devpi (188-185 BC), (4) Devadta (185-182 BC), (5) Gandharvasena (182-132 BC), (6) ankha (132-102 BC), (7) Gandharvasena (102-82 BC)-after sudden death of his son ankha. (8) Vikramditya (82 BC-19 AD)-He started Vikrama samvat in 57 BC at Paupatintha in Nepal from Chaitra and at Somantha from Krttika month. He ruled up to Arab in west and his astrologers certified Jesus as a great man.. He revised Puas and had 9 Jewels of men in his court. His son (9) Devabhakta (19-29 AD ) could not control the empire and it was divided into 18 parts. It was attacked from all directions by Tatars, Shakas, Hunas, Chinese etc who looted, raped and kidnapped in mass scale. Finally, grand son(10) livhana (29-89 AD) chased them west of Sindhu river. Jesus Christ took shelter after resurrection in his kingdom at Shrinagar in Kashmir. His 2 disciples also took shelter in south India. Then 10 kings ruled for 50 years each (11) lihotra (80-139), (12) livardhana (13) akahant (189-239), (14) Suhotra (239-289), (15) Havihotra (289-339), (16) Indrapla (Indrvat) (339-389), (17) Mlyavn (Mlyavat) (389-439), (18) ambhudatta (439-489), (19) Bhaumarja (489-539), (20) Vatsarja (539-589), (21) Bhojarja (589-639)-He had gone to Balkha with his army, and was contacted by Mohammad, who sought his help in establishing Islam. This is indicated in Islamic history also. Klidsa-3 was with him. 10 generations after him was the famous king Bhoja (1018-1060 AD)-Author of Samarngaa-stradhra etc.
Kings of KashmirKashmir-Taranga-1
This is given in Rjatarangi. Taranga (chapter)-1, describes GonandaGonanda-vama from 3450 BC. Names of first 5 kings are not known. 6 Gonanda-1 (3238-3188 BC), (7) Dmodara-1 (3188-3140 BC)-He was killed just before Mahbhrata war, then his queen Yaomat ruled. (8) Gonanda-2 (3138-3083 BC)-He was killed by Pava king Parkita 20 Pava kings-( kings 9) Parkita who became 9th king and ruled from (3083-3041 BC), (10) Harnadeva was second son of Parkita , (11) Rmadeva, (12) Vysadeva, (13) Droadeva, (14) Simhadeva, (15) Gopladeva, (16) Vijaynanda, (17) Sukhadeva, (18) Ramaadeva, (19) Sindhimna, (20) Mahnadeva, (21) Kamandeva, (22) Chandradeva, (23) nandadeva, (24) Drupadadeva, (25) Haranmadeva,(26) Sulakhnadeva, (27) Senditya, (28) Mangalditya. Another Kashmir dynasty-(29) Kemendra, (30) Bhmasena, (31) Indrasena, (32) Sundarasena, (33) Galagendra, (34) Baladeva, (35) Nalasena, (36) Gokara, (37) Prahlda, (38) Bambru, (39) Pratpala, (40) Sangrmachandra, (41) Lorikachandra, (42) Bramachandra,(43) Babighena, (44) Bhagavant-with these 16 kings-a total of 36 Pava kings ruled for 1331 years (3083-1752 BC) GonandaGonanda-vama again-(45) Lava (1752-1713 BC), (46) Kua or Kueaya, (47) Khagendra, (48) Surendra (Issueless). One relation (44th in Gonanda line) became king named (44) Godhara in 1596 BC. (45) Suvara, (46) Janaka, (47) achnra died issueless in 1448 BC. (48) Aoka was grandson of Janakas brother. He became king in1448 BC. Under influence of Lokadhtu Buddha, he became Bauddha and was named Dharmoka. He made many vihras and stpas, many of which are thought to be by Maurya Aoka. Bauddhas of central Asia captured his kingdom. By grace of a aiva saint, he got back his kingdom and got a son named Jlauka. He ruled up to 1400 BC and established rnagara town. (49) Jlauka (1400-1344BC), (50) Dmodara-2 (1344-1294 BC), Again, Bauddhas of central Asia ruled the state for 60 years,3 kings- Huka, Juk,a Kanika (1294-1234 BC). GonandaGonanda-vama (52) Abhimanyu (1234-1182 BC), -52 Gonanda kings for 2268 years (3450-1182 years. (53) Gonanda-3, (54) Vibhaa, (55) Indrajita, (56) Rvaa, (57) Vibhaa-2, (58) Kinnara, or Nara, (59) Siddha, (60) Utpalka, (61) Hirayakula, (62) Vasukula, (63) Mihirakula (704-634 BC)-These 3 were kashmiri aivas, not foreigners. (64) Baka, (65) Kitinandana, (66) Vasunandana, (67) Nara, (68) Aka, (69) Gopditya (417-357 BC)-He built ankarchrya temple in 367 BC which is now called Takhta-e-Suleman. (70) Gokara, (71) Kinakhila, (72) Narendrditya, (73) Andha-Yudhihira-he was short-eyed not blind,-73+5=78 kings (3450-272 BC)
Kings of KashmirKashmir-Taranga-2 Relations of Hara Hara-Vikramditya-(1) Pratpditya, (2) Jalaukasa, (3) Tujina, (4) Vijaya, (5) Jayendra, (6) Sandhimati-(272-80 BC) Gonanda-vama vama-Descendent of Andha-Yudhihira (80) Meghavhana (80-46 BC), Gonanda (81) Pravarasena, rehasena or Tujina (46-16 BC), (82) Hiraya-(His younger brother Torama made coins in his own name-died in jail)-He died issueless-(16 BC-14 AD), 83-Mtgupta (Sent by king Vikramditya of Ujjain)-(14-19 AD), (84) Pravarasena-2-Son of Torama (19-79 AD),(85) Yudhihira -2 (79-118 AD)-contemporary of king livhana, grandson of Vikramditya of Ujjain, (86) Lakmaa (Narendrditya) (118-131), (87) Tujina or Rditya, poet (131-173), (88) Vikramditya (173-215), (89) Blditya (215-252) - end of Gonanda-vama. Karkoaka-vama vama-(1) Durlabhavardhana (son-in-law of Blditya the last king of GonandaKarkoaka vama)-(252-288), (2) Durlabhaka or Pratpditya (288-338), (5) Lalitditya or poet Muktpa (431-467), (6) Kuvalayditya (467-468), (7) Vajrditya, Vpyyika or Lalitpa (468-525), (8) Pthivypa (525-569), (9) Sangrmapa (7 days), (10) Jaypa, scholar and poet (569-620), (11) Lalitpa (620-672)-Chinese traveler Huensang had come in this period, (12) Sangrmapa -2 (672-729), (13) Chipyata,or Jaypa (729-781), (14) Ajitpa (781-837), (15) Anangpa (837-840) (16) Utpalpa (840-845), (17) Sukhavarm (845-852) Utpala-vama-Avantivarman (town Avantipura in his name) and his son ruled in (852-936). Utpala Poets nandavardhana, and Ratnkara in that period. Grand-daughter of Bhma-h was Didd who ruled in name of her son Abhimanyu Gupta for (957-971) and countered attack of Mahmud of Gajani. Then Eka and tyrant Hara ruled in (1086-1110). Shahmir ruled in name of Shamsuddin in 1318. His family ruled till 1561 when Moghul king Akbar captured Kashmir.
Nepal KingsKings-1
This is given because Nepal was always independent and its king list is not distorted. This has important links with other kings of India. Gopla-vama-(1) Bhuktamngata Gupta (4159-4071 BC), (2) Jayagupta (4071-3999 BC), Gopla (3) Paramagupta (3999-3919 BC), (4) Haragupta (3919-3826 BC), (5) Bhmagupta (38263788), (6) Maigupta (3788-3751 BC), (7) Viugupta (3751-3709 BC), (8) Yakagupta (3709-3637 BC). He died issueless. AhraAhra-vama-Three kings of India ruled for 200 years-(9) Varasimha, (10) Jayamatasimha, (11) Bhuvanasimha. Kirta-vama-(12) Yalambar, (13) Pavi, (14) Skandar, (15) Valamba, (16) Hti, (17) HumatiKirta he had accompanied Pavas in forest. (18) Jitedst-He died in Mahbhrata war on Pava side. This is also described in Kirta-parva under Vana-parva of Mahbhrata and famous epic Kirtrjunyam of Da. 7 kings ruled for 300 years (3437-3138 BC), (19) Gali (3138-3137 BC). Then 22 kings ruled for 782 years till 2319 BC. (20) Puka, (21) Suyarma, (22) Parbha, (23) Svnanda, (24) , (25) Stuvanka, (26) Giighri, (27) Nane, (28) Lka, (29) Thora (30) Thoko, (31) Varm, (32) Guja, (33) Pukara, (34) Keu. (35) Sunsa, (36) Sammu, (37) Guana, (38) Kimbu, (39) Pauka, (40) Gasti. SomaSoma-vama-(41) Nimia, (42) Mnka, (43) Kkavarman, (44-48)-Unknown, (49) Paupreka Deva-In his period many persons came from India in 1867 BC (period of Buddha and Mahvra in Bihar). These 9 kings ruled for 464 years (2319-1875 BC). (50-51)-Unknown, (52) Bhskaravarman-He conquered India (some adjacent parts) and without any son. He adopted Aramna of Srya vama who became king in 1712 BC in name of Bhmivarman.
Nepal KingsKings-2
Srya vama-(53) Bhmivarman (1712-1645 BC), (54) Chandravarman (1645-1584 BC), (55) Jayavarman (1584-1502 BC), (56) Vavarman (1502-1441 BC), (57) Sarvavarman (1441-1363 BC), (58) Pthvvarman (1363-1287 BC), (59) Jyehavarman (1287-1212 BC), (60) Harivarman (1212-1136 BC), (61) Kuberavarman (1136-1048 BC), (62) Siddhivarman (1048-987 BC), (63) Haridattavarman (987-906 BC), (64) Vasudattavarman (906-843 BC), (65) Pativarman (843-790 BC), (66) ivavddhivarman (790-736 BC), (67) Vasantavarman (736-675 BC), (68) ivavarman (675-613 BC), (69 Rudravarman (613-547 BC), (70) Vadevavarman (547-486 BC)-In his period ankarchrya had come in 486 BC for debate with 12 Bodhisattvas. Due to his blessing the king got a son who was named after the saint. (71) ankaradeva (486-461 BC), (72) Dharmadeva (461-437 BC), (73) Mnadeva (437417 BC), (74) Mahideva (417-397 BC), (75) Vasantadeva (397-382 BC), (76) Udayadevavarman (382-377 BC),(77) Mnadevavarman ( 377-347 BC), (78) Guakmadevavarman (347-337 BC), (79) ivadevavarman (337-276 BC), (80) Narendradevavarman (276-234 BC), (81) Bhmadevavarman (234-198 BC), (82) Viudevavarman (198-151 BC), (83) Vivadevavarman (151-101 BC). After him
his son-in-law became king. hkurhkur-vamavama-(84) Amuvarman (101-33 BC)-Paramra king Vikramditya of Ujjain came in 57 BC and started his Vikrama-samvat at Paupatintha from Chaitra ukla 1st. His son Jiugupta was king for some months and later devoted his life to astronomy. His son Brahmagupta was famous author of Brhma-sphua-siddhnta later translated as Al-zabar-ul-muquabla (Algebra) (85) Ktavarman (33 BC-54 AD), (86) Bhmrjuna (54-147 AD), (87) Nandadeva (147-172 AD), (88-89)-Unknown (172-299), (90) Vradeva (299-394),(91) Chandraketudeva (394-450), (92) Narendradeva (450-516), (93) Varadeva (516-570)- Avalokitevara and one ankarchrya (of a Pha) came in 522 AD. (94) Naramudi (570-615), (95) ankaradeva (615-627), (96) Vardhamnadeva (627-640), (97) Balideva (640-653), (98) Jayadeva (653-668), (99) Balrjunadeva (668-685), (100) Vikramadeva (685-697), (101) Guakmadeva (696-748), (102) Bhojadeva (748-756), (103) Lakmkmadeva (756-778), (104) Jayakmadeva (778-798).
Calendar of Brahm
It started in time of Svyambhuva Manu (29102 BC) after Glacial floods of 31,200 BC. There are 2 references in Vedas-(1) Taittirya Brhmaa (3/1/1/11,12) and Dev-bhgavata pura (9/12/47, 9/1/46-48). The Rsa in space is due to precession of earth axis in 26000 years. That period is called a manvantara in Brahma pura (2/29/19). It starts from Kttik (scissors) and ends with Vikh (2 branches). These stars are 2 points of intersection of equator and ecliptic-at first point they start like 2 branches of scissors and at opposite end 2 branches rejoin. In time of Svyambhuva and 26000 years later at start of Kali-spring equinox (Viuva sankrnti occurred in Kttik star. However, in all periods, calculation of spherical triangle has to be done from first point of intersection. So, Taittirya samhit (4/4/10) tells-Kttiktah gaan, here gaan does not mean counting as assumed by S.B. Dixit, it means calculation. (2) Madhusudan Ojha in Chhandah-samk has explained motion of sun from 24 degree north to south By chhandas. The same has been stated in varaa-vda quoting gveda 1/164/1-3,12,13, 1/115/3, 7/63/2 Explained in verses 123-132. Diagram at end is as per Atharva veda (8/5/19-20) gveda (10/130/4), Vyu (Chap 2), Brahma (part 1, chap. 22) Viu (2/8-10)
Karka rekh
120S Anuup 200S Uik 240S Gyatr
No. of letters in chhandaGyatr 6x4, Uik 7x4, Anuup 8x4, Bhat 9x4, Pankti 10x4, Triup 11x4 Jagat 12x4
Makara rekh
These are the lanes in which sun remains for 1 month each. The same calendar is described in Book of Enoch, chapter 4 in Ethipoean version of Old Testament. The lanes are further divided into 3 each, called Vthi and n used for Melpaka in astrology. This is followed in Vednga jyotia, also, where longest day length is double of night as letters in jagat are double of gyatr. This was the original system of Brahm in Taittirya samhit. Vivasvn revived Vedas which was called ditya sampradya, followed by Yjavalkya later on. Earlier form was called Brahma- sampradya. That was followed by Guru Nanak continued by his second son-rchanda ji (Udsna- sampradya. Brahm is called Vahe-guru. Brahm =Vah=Big.
Mahbhrata Udyoga parva, chapter 230, Verses 8-10 state that Abhijit Nakatra had fallen (from pole position) and a new calendar was started by Krttikeya in consultation with Brahm as advised by Indra. In this system, year started with entry of sun in Dhanih in stead of Abhijit. Earlier (in 17500 BC) at time of Kayapa Brahm, Abhijit was the pole star, i.e. highest point from equator. Similarly, in diurnal motion, when sun is highest point from local horizon, it is called Abhijit muhrtta. In Abhijit period (of Pole star) Brahm was supreme, so lord of this star is Brahm . From this period, rise of Devas started. 2 brother Asura kings Hiraya-kaipu and Hirayka were killed by Varha and Nsimha incarnations of Viu. 2 generations later, Vmana took kingdom of 3 lokas (Russia, China and India) from Bali for Indra. Many Asuras were dissatisfied with deal by Bali and continued war. Compromised was by Krma who suggested co-operation for producing mineral wealth-which resulted in Samudra-manthana. Again war erupted over sharing and finally, Krttikeya defeated Asuras convincingly by destroying Kraucha mount (north America) by missile. Language of his navy (Mayra = peacock) occupying pacific
Krttikeya Calendar
is still spread over all islands spread in largest region. After 17,500 BC entry of sun in Dhanih star will be near summer solstice-to be exact in 15,800 BC. Then year started with month of Mgha which was start of south motion of sun (Dakiyana). That was continuation of system in Asura supremacy, merely starting point had been shifted. So, South motion of Sun is called Asura day in Srya-siddhnta. Since year started with Var (rains), it was called Vara. After victory over Asuras, erected pillar in sea at Korka and started Ratha-ytr on Mgha-saptam-that might be exact day of sun entry in Dhanih star. Later on, in new calendar, when year started with entry of sun in Avin star (Chaitra month), the ratha-ytr shifted to start of rains in ha ukla 2, which is first day of seeing moon in rains (hasya prathama divase meghamlia snuh-Meghadta, 2). That was in time of Vikramditya (82BC-19 AD) when Klidsa wrote his epics. System of Kayapa Brahm and Krttikeya continued in Vednga jyotia-where year is assumed to start from north motion of sun in 2983 BC. The Brahm who was consulted by Krttikeya was Apntaratam. He lived on banks of Godvar and had gone to Haria-dvpa (Magadaskar) for Tapa. His Brhm script of 63-64 letters still continues with Kannada and Telugu in his region. Tamil by Krttikeya is in Tamilnadu.
Vivasvn calendar
Vivasvn means sun-He was one of the sons of Aditi-12 dityas are widespread in time. His son Vaivasvata was the last historic Manu. He started the calendar with month of Chaitra at time of spring equinox. Yuga system of 12000 years with ascending and descending periods was started by him, not by Brahm, so time of Brahm falls in initial Tret and not Satya yuga. After Vaivasvata Manu- Satya, Tret, Dvpara - of (4800
+3600 +2400 =10800) years ended at start of Kali on 17-2-3102 B. Thus, his period was 13902 BC. Vivasvn himself may be in about 14000 BC. Solar dynasties are all over world-In Maya and Inca (Inah = sun), Japan, Ethiopea, Ezypt etc. Places of sun are points of start of time zones in ancient world-at interval of 1 Daa = 24 minutes, compared to modern system of 30 minute intervals. Reference was from longitude of Lank, at equator, whose time was called Ku-bera = earth time, as the time of current reference Greenwich is called. The same longitude passed through Ujjain at tropic of cancer then. 4 cardinal points at 900 intervals were marked by major structures-Pillar of Hercules at 900 west, Pyramid of Mexico 1800 west (or end of east as called in Vlmki Rmyaa, Kikindh ka, 40/54,64) called Siddhapura in Srya siddhnta, and underSea pyramid at Yama-koi-pattana at 900 east. That is south west tip of New zealand, it is pair of islands, so called Yama-dvpa, at same south latitude as Yama star. Koi is end of land mass, pattana = port. Other places of sun are Stone-henge in UK (780 west), Hellespont 420 west, Lourdes (Rudrea-east border of France)) 720 west, Kyoto (old capital of Japan) 600 east, Inca capital in Peru 1500 west. In India itself, Klahast (AP) and Lolrka (Varanasi) are 60 east, Puyrka (Punarakh) near Patna 90 east, Korka (Orissa) at 120 east, Klapriya and Mlasthna at 00 and 60 west, Pukara (Bukhara in Uzbekistan) at 120 west (Viu pura 2/8/26). Astronomical yugas also are of 12000 Divya years (of 360 years), Divya year in history is solar year. Next Vysa after Vaivasvata Manu was Vaivasvata Yama (Jamshed of Zend-Avesta) in whose period glacial floods occurred for about 2000 years. They followed same system and are brothers in that sense. Political and social systems were destroyed. In addition, day length increased due to extra load of water at equator, which increases angular momentum. Due to that, calendar of Vaivasvata Manu developed errors. It was corrected in international conference at Romaka-pattana, 900 west, place of sun called Rabat (Morocco) or Konakry (New Guinee). It was presided by an astronomer of Maya (Mexico) called Maya-Asura. That was held when Alpa (131 years were left in Satya yuga, ending 4800 years after Vaivasvata Manu, i.e. in 9233 BC. That was after revival in Matsya incarnation (9533 BC) when Prabhava Guru year started in both systems-Pitmaha, Srya (Viu dharmottara pura, chapter 68). After that eleventh Vysa abhadeva had established new world order. Vaivasvata manu was 16000 years or 43 yugas after Svyambhuva Manu and after 28 yuga=10600 years after him was system of Parara (Matsya pura, chapter 173).
- - . ryabhaa-1 himself tells in ryabhaya, that he was 23 years of age when 6 cycles of 60 years passed in kali yuga / Thus was 23 years in kali 360 = 2742 BC, i.e. born in 327 Kali = 2765 BC. This was in all old manuscripts, but such antiquity was not acceptable to British who forged it to 60 cycles of 60 years. Original verse was changed to He has not mentioned start of Kali itself, as it was near to is time and no other calendar had started. He has mentioned prior to Bhrata interpreted as prior to leaving kingship by Yudhiihira of Bharata family, at start of Kali. , , , , , / Period of ryabhaa in 327-400 Kali is proved by the following(1) Paliputra was not existing, only the school called Kusumapura (like kindergarten = garden of flowers) existed. Place of observatory was Khagola, which is still a town near Patna. / (2) He has not referred to any other aka except Kali, as none had started between kali and him. (3) He has been quoted by Varhamihira in Pacha-siddhntik twice who was born on 6-3-95 BC (Yudhihira aka 3042 Chaitra ukla 8). He is ancient source followed by La etc. (4) ryabhaa was follower of Pitmaha-siddhnta (opening and last 2 verses) which was the oldest. (5) Number system of ryabhaa is not followed by any of text which were written much later. His 18 digit number system is also used in Mayan astronomy. Difference of is not axial rotation of earth. Earth is taken as fixed merely for calculation and all observations. Real difference is equal division of Kalpa in 14 Manvantaras and equal 4 parts of yugas also. Mahbhrata, nti parva (301/46) mentions about lost (kaya) years also which is not found in any of calendar systems now. That occurs only in Yjua jyotia (Vednga jyotia by P.V. Holay, Nagpur, 1985) Parara mata was dominant because it was followed by Kuru kings. It is given in Viu pura (2/7-8) as teaching of Maitreya (follower of Vivasvna) that system has been followed by Brahmagupta as claimed by him. That is essentially Srya-siddhnta method. Magadha was strong opponent and become dominant after Kali which appears to follow rya-mata, which was honored there as written by ryabhaa.
ryabhaa-2 in his Mah-siddhnta (2/1-2) has stated that 2 systems were current at Mahbhrata time-rya mata and Parara mata. View of Parara was more popular. These were slightly after start of kali-yuga-
1. Svyambhuva Manu -29102 BC- (26000 years or 71 yugas before kali-Brahma pura-1/2/9/36-37 43 yugas of 360 years each before Vaivasvata Manu, 71 yugas before Kali-Matsya pura 273/76,77) 2. Dhruva death- 27,376 BC-Dhruva samvatsara starts with him as per Bhgavata pura. 3 Dhruva samvatsara of 8100 years each passed till tart of Laukika era in 3076 BC. 3. Kayapa-17500 BC approx., King Pthu-17050 BC-Approx. 4 Krttikeya-15,800 BC-Approx. 5. Vaivasvata Manu -13,902 BC. 6. Maya Calender-9,233 BC at Romaka Pattana-90 deg. West of Ujjain. 7. Ikvku-1-11-8576 BC Tamil tradition-Makara sankrnti day. 8. Paraurma-Kalamba samvat (Kadamba is north pole of ecliptic, kalamba is down point and means anchor of ship or port (e.g. Colombo). Kollam samvat is current in Kerala only and started with 824 AD Viuva smkrnti by omitting years in 1000s. Thus Kalamba started after death of Paraurma in 6177 BC-(1) He was in 19th Tret, (2) He was at least 9 generations before Rma in time of king Mlaka. (3) He had set up 21 republics-Megasthenes
Main calenders
gives its period as 120 years. Birth of may be 120+35 years before that in 6332 BC. 9. Rma was born on 11-2-4433 BC as per planet position in Vlmki Rmyaa, Bla ka. But no era in his name. 10. Yudhihira period may be using Kalamba era as Paraurma is frequently mentioned. 4 eras started in his time(a) Yudhihira-aka-starts with his coronation on 17-12-3139 BC-5 days after Bhma expired on 22 December on start on north motion of sun. (b) Kali era started 36 years after that on 17/18-2-3102 BC Ujjain midnight when r Ka expired. 2-27-30 h/m/s after that Chaitra ukla 1 started. (c) 6 months 11 days (188 days) after that on 25-8-3102 BC, Jaya samvatsara started when Yudhihira left for Abhyudaya, so it is called Jaybhyudaya-aka used by Janamejaya in 2 land grants of Kedaranath and MuniBrindaraka on Tungabhadra bank in 89 year on Dipavali day. (d) Yudhihira expired in kali year 25 when Laukika era started in Kashmir in 3076 C on Mea-samkrnti. 11. Bhabda of ryabhaa is used by some in Kerala (birth in 327 Kali, or death ?). Buddha nirva on 27-3-1807 BC. 12. Kauzad (Nga) era started in 1954 BC after death of iunga used in Burma stated in Life of Gautam Buddha by Rev. P Bigandet. 13. Mahvra was born on 11-3-1905 BC, but Vra samvat starts in 527 BC on death of Klakchrya of Ujjain. 14. draka or Mlava-gaa samvat in 756 BC. kambhar aka in 612 BC (Bhat samhit 13/3), r-Hara aka in 456 BC (Albiruni). This has been called 300 years of democracy by Megasthenes. 15. Vikrama-samvat-By Paramra king Vikramditya of Ujjain (82 BC-19 AD) on Chatra ukla 1, at Paupatintha, and on Krttika ukla 1, at Somantha. Month started with dark half. 16. livhana aka in 78 AD from mea-samkrnti. He was grand son of Vikramditya.
1. Enoch-Book of Enoch-Ethipoean version of Old testament of Bible, Book 3:Astronomy, chapters 72-81 Chap.72-motion in 6 portals-changes of day length in each portal-these are 3 lanes on each side of equator. Chap 74-4 quarters of 91 days each-1 year of 364 days. Last day appears to be year end leave, making 365 days in 1 year. Genesis 5/21-Enoch lived for 365 years. 2.Egypt-It had 12 months of 30 days each and 5 days added at end. Year started in month of Thoth, with Heliacal rising of star Sirius (called Thoth). In cycle of 1460 years, 1 year was excess. 3. Sumerian-Luni solar calendar with year of 354, 355, 383, 384 days. Extra months were added I two waysOctateris-8 tropical year=2921.94 days, 99 lunar months=2923.53 days From 383 BC-19 solar years =6939.60 days, 235 lunar months= 6939.69 days. 4. Jewish era-from 7/8-10-3761 BC (midnight between Sunday-Monday) at 11hr11 1/3 mts. In AD 71, Jew State was destroyed in Anno Mundi 3831. 5. Iranian-(a) Darius (520 BC)-12 solar months of 365 days. Month of 30 days added after 120 years. (b) Tarikh-i-Jelali by Seljuq Sultan Jelal Uddin Melik in1074-75-8 extra days in 33 years of 365 days. (c) Pahlavi-by Riza Shah Pahlavi in 1920-Solar calendar with old Persian names. 6. Nabu Nazir era of Babylon (Assyria) in 747 BC-Its rise was countered by draka in 756 BC. 7. Seleucideanin 312 BC-Luni solar by Greek copying of Sumerians. 8.Julian-calender of norh Europe was of 10 months of 304 days, as 2 months were frozen periods. Numa Pompius added 2 months in 673 BC-making year of 355 days. January began the year-janus was double faced like Punarvasu, ruled by Aditi-Aditirjtam Aditirjanitvam (nti-pha). 13th month Mercedonius of 22 or 23 days was between february-march after 2 or 3 years. After contact with Ezypt, Julius Caesar introduced calendar in 46 BC. He directed new year to start with north motion of sun, but people started it after 7 days on 1-1-45 BC when Paua mnth of Vikrama samvat 11 started. That is only calendar in which month starts with dark half. Planned start of year fell on 25 December called Christmas (ka-msa-longest nights). 9. Islamic-It was originally a luni-solar calendar started on 19-3-622 AD with start of Vikrama samvat and intercalary months were added at end by astronomer family called Qalamma when needed to make it equal to solar year. Accordingly, Hajj was decided. Till death of Prophet Mohammad in 632 AD, 3 extra months were added. Thereafter, the system stopped as there was nobody to enforce it. Month names are in 6 pairs like 6 Vedic seasons of 2 months each. Now it is assumed that Hezira was started on 16-7-622 AD by forgetting 3 extra months in beginning. 10. Gregorian- In 1752, Julian calendar was revised in Britain with 1 leap year in 4 years as before but not in Century years unless divisible by 400. 11 days were omitted by making 3rd September as 14th.
Foreign calendars
Other Calendars
1. Anka system-This is used to count years from rule of kings, now used only in Orissa. Years are not counted from coronation but from Vmana dwda, when Indra became king of 3 lokas. There are 2 systems-in one system, all years are counted. In other system, year numbers ending with 6 and 0 are omitted. That might have been followed in puras, causing different figures of rule by same king. Another reason is that rule of many thousand years has 2 meanings-(a) day is called year, (2) sahasra means 1000 or approximate. 2. Vra-nirva-It is actually date of death of Klakchrya in 527 BC and starts with Krttika . 1. 3. Kalachuri or Chedi-vina ukla 1 in 248 AD. 4. Valabhi bhanga-318 AD Krttika . 1, when later Guptas in Valabhi were routed. 5. Bengali San-April 14, 1361 AD. 6. Vilayati San -From 16-9-1362 AD. 7. Amali san-From 10-9-1362 AD 8. Newar-in Nepal, from 879 AD, Krttika . 1. 9. Lakamaa Sena 1104-im Mithil from Krttika . 1. 10. Simha-by Siddharja Jaisimha in Gujrat in 1113 AD from ha 1. 11. Trikh Ilhi in 1555 AD by Akbar from vernal equinox. 12. Rja aka -by ivj in 1673 from Jyeha ukla 13-Amnta months. 13. Kapilendra aka in Orissa starting with rule of Kapilendra Deva in 1426 AD starting with vernal equinox. To explain the rules, Kapilendra Bhsvat was written on pattern of original (Pacha-siddhntika) Bhsvat of atnanda (1099 AD). Actually, Kapilendra deva had ruled from 1435 AD, but his Ankas are counted from 1426 AD
Modern Cosmology
1. PCP-Perfect Cosmological Principle-It is basic assumption of all theories that the Universe as a whole is homogeneous, isotropic and steady-i.e. same in all places, all directions and all times. The feature with these 3 Satyas is called Satya Loka. Tri-satya has other meanings also-(a) Nma, rpa, gua = name, form, actions. (b) 3 modes of truth in verbal logic-yes, no, may be. By combination of these 3, there are 7 fold truths. (c) Similarly, combination of Bh, Bhuvar, Svah-gives 7 lokas. This is first sentence of Veda (Atharva) It is also in Purua-skta- Accordingly, Ka himself has been prayed as 3-satyas and 7 more satyas , - , ( ,//) 2. Universe is not seen uniform, but James Jeans explained in Mysterious Universe-1931 that at level of 1000 galaxies, it is uniform. However, recent researches indicate that it is not uniform even at largest scales. Ultimate source of Universe might have been uniform, but it is nowhere seen in created Universe. Thus, no theory based on these assumptions can explain real universe. 3. There is no experimental verification of any theory in astronomy. All mathematical equations and models are conjectures only. 4. In 1931, it was proved by Godel that no mathematical theory can be complete and consistent both. It was expanded by Cohen in 1961. But, All scientists starting with Einstein had craze of Unified Field Theory. Mahesh Yogi also came up with his Unified theory on Vedic concepts. That has resulted in proliferation of theories. Vedas are blamed that their meaning is uncertain. But all human languages are based on physical observations. Similar meaning is assigned to words for cosmic and internal systems. If we analyze text as per cosmic, physical and internal meanings-there is no ambiguity. Currently, there are more than 22 Cosmological theories-none of them explains real universe. 5. We are uncertain about number of dimensions of world. Laplace in his nebular hypothesis assumed 3 dimensional space. Einstein added time to form 4-dimensional space-time-continuum. Before him, Mach made many models of Universe and its observed aspect. There were Thermo-dynamic models by Maxwell and Willard Gibbs. General theory of Relativity (GTR) by Einstein resulted in unstable expanding Universe. To counter that, he inserted an arbitrary constant. But real Universe was explained by 3 models Omitting that constant. Theories of 5, 6, 9, 10.11 dimensions were also developed. 6. Nature of dimensions is not clear. 2 of 10 dimensions are called-Time-like. Some are local and some infinite. 7. Salam, Weinburg etc. developed theories of splitting of 4 fundamental forces from single one, parity aspect and creation of varieties of atomic particles. 8. Ultimate source was assumed primordial strings of 10-35 meter, but next levels are missing and nature of quarks is not clear. 5 types of 10 dimensional string theories were modified by M-string theory-all are guess.
Vedic Cosmology
Now we can realize solution of these problems by Vedic model. God as ultimate source of matter, energy or consciousness is one, but it is beyond description. Visible created Universe has variety and can be describe, but description can not be single. No object has any geometrical shape. All stars and planets are assumes spherical, but that is approximate only. Orbits are elliptical with several corrections. Finally all are discrete objects, but mathematical equations are continuous. Vedas do not indicate any Unified theory as assumed by Mahesh Yogi(1) There are opposite pairs of matters and processes-(a) Agni-soma, (b) Purua-Prakti, (c) Rasa-Bala, (d) Sachara Pratisachara, (e)Jva-My, (f) iva-akti etc. (2) World is created by action of 3 Guas. Their combination is of 8 types called 8 Praktis -so there are 8 alternative theories of Vednta though it was for unification of diverse sktas by different is in different periods-(a) ankara, (b) Nimbrka, (c) Rmnuja, (d) Madhva, (e) Vallabha, (f) AbhinavaGupta, (g) Chaitanya , (h)Tantrgama (3) There are 6 daranas to explain Vedic theories. (4) Veda itself has many types of texts-(a) samhit-collection of mantras, (b) Brhmaa , (c) Pura, (d) gama, etc. (5) Four types of samhit-k, Yajur, Sma, Atharva. (6) 4 types of Purua-Kara Akara, Avyaya, Partpara. The last is beyond description. (7) Nsadya-skta describes 10 alternate theories and still tells that ultimate source is uncertain. Definitely, no single theory can explain Vedas or the world. There has to be a combination of theories. How many are needed. At least 2 are needed(1) Purua theory explains sequence of puras (structures) at micro and mega levels. (2) r theory explains field theory about continuous description of space. That is 10 dimensional, but lesser dimensions are sufficient for many purposes. (3) There is a Yaja theory of transformation called creation. It also explains nature of various times. It is doubtful whether this is independent or it can be derived from the earlier 2 theories.
Man-earth-solar system-galaxy-Universe = 5 levels Lower worlds are successively 105 times smaller(1) Cell- (2) atom- (3) nucleus- (4) particles-(5) Deva-dnava, (6) Pitara (7) i Thus, there is a cross symmetry-when levels are 5, internal ratio is 7, when levels are 7, ratio is 5Levels Inner Ratio 5 Gross 7 (power of 10) 7 Micro 5 (power of 10) Since it is with base 10, Universe should be of 10 dimensions. In no theory of modern cosmology, there is relation between any gross or micro structure. They explain only the average features. Similarly, size of micro-levels up to nucleus only are defined-levels below that are smaller than the measuring rod which is wavelength of light. Levels below atomic particles are not known. There are more than 100 types of atomic particles in 3 groups-Lepton (light), baryon (heavy) and Meson (link). These have been called Chara, sthu, and Anuprva. Level below particle (jagat) is Deva-dnava. Devas are 33 and Dnavas are 99. Creation is from Devas only, so created world is only one-fourth (Purua-skta, 3,4). Pitar is smaller level and may be prototype for creating higher levels. Smallest level is i whose length of 10-35 meters is called smallest length in modern Quantum Mechanics, called Plancks Length. Strings (i = rassi in hindi) of that length are taken as ultimate source in all String Theories. In higher levels, sphere of Moon orbit also is a world level as it is cause of life forms on earth. Including that, there are 5 bigger worlds, 6th is man and 7 smaller worlds-a total of 13, So the number 13 itself is indicated by Viva in astronomy. Viva is a complete visible structure, Jagat is the invisible action and life in that. Jagat is of 14 levels called 14 Bhta-sargas. These are 8 higher, called Sattva. These are average Pra levels of each loka and one is common for all, called Brahma. Man is intermediate. Tamo-vila are 5-3 types of animals of earth, water, air. Plants are semi-conscious, soil is hidden conscious.
r r Theory
It was evident from Purua theory itself that Universe should be of 10 dimensions. That is indicated By 10 Mahvidy, 10 Gurus (Sikh religion), 10 commandments (Bible) and same words for number 10, State and directions-Daa, Da, Di. nti-pha also is 10 fold-
10 dimensions are in many ways-(a) Combination of 3 Guas, say-a,b,c, in 10 ways-a,b,c,ab,ac,bc,abc. (b) 5 tanmtrs (mtr = measures) of Prakti in distinct (countable = Gaea) and 5 in indistinct ways (abstract, non-countable = Sarasvat). (c) 3 Steps of Viu in 3 ways-(i) Linear measure (pada) of space, (ii) Boundary of space, (iii) Field of Influence (Vikrama), and (iv) Undisturbed original-Rasa. Nature and names of dimensions are- (1) 0 dimension is point space called Chit. In every such space, something can be felt which is sat, and universal nanda. This is same as dimension 10 called Rasa or nanda. (2) Dimension 1 is line-pada, rekh, measured in yojana, ahargaa. (3) 2-Surface-Pha, (4) 3-Volume-Stoma, yatana, yu. (5) 4-Matter-Anna, Brahm, measured in Ati chhandas. (6) 5-Kla-Perception of change is iva. It is 3 types-Nitya-steady decay, janya-cyclic change, Akayaconserved. (7) 6- Chayana-ordering in space-Viu, (8) 7-i - it is link between any 2 objects by 4 basic forces, (9) 8-Nga-It is limiting an object in curved surface. (10) 9-Randhra-Deficit of any matter or energy at a place is cause of change. For different purposes, 5 to 10 dimensions are sufficient, so there are 6 Darana (Philosophy) and 6 Dara-Vk (scripts). Mechanical world described by Physics is 5 dimensional in the sense that 5 basic units are needed for measurement (5 M chhandas). Next are 6 levels of consciousness. It is called Chetan as it does Chayana =ordering. Ordering in space is dimension 6, Link among them is 7, curved boundary is 8, and difference of density is 9. Finally, unique original source is dimension 10. 6 scripts are-(1) 5x5-elements of Snkhya-Roman script, Avakaha chakra, (2) 6x6 elements of aivaLatin, Arabic, Russian, Gurumukhi. (3) 7x7 Maruts-Devangar, (4) 8x8-Kal-Brhm, (5) (8+9)2 letters in Vijna-vk of Vedas-36 x3 vowels, 36 x5 consonants and one unclassified . (6) 103 to 104 letters in Chinese beyond Vyoma =Tibet. These divisions of Vk are indicated in gveda (1/164/25)-
(. /)
From first 3x5, second 3x5 are fulfilled. Aitareya Brhmaa (1/5) indicates 5x5 classification of yaja1. Anna-pankti-1. Pka- yaja (guhya = hidden), 2. Ii, 3. Pau, 4. Soma (2-4 are Vitna = spread, suty), 5. Agni-Chayana- yaja or Chity. 2. Havi-pankti-1. Dhna, 2. Karambha, 3. Parivpa, 4. Puroa, 5. Payasya. 3. Akara-pankti-1. Su = nanda, 2. Mat = mana, 3. Pat = Vijna, 4. Vak = Vk, 5. De = Pra. 4. Naransa-pankti-(use of residue product)-1. Prtah-savana-2 naransa, 2. Mdhyandina savana2 N, 3. Syam-savana-2N= total 5 Naransa. 5. Savana pankti-1. Upavasatha Pau (Agni-somya pau), 2. Prtah-savana, 3. Mdhyandina savana, 4. Syam-savana, 5. Anubndhy Pau (controlled by Maitr-Varua) These classifications are as per-1. Available materials, 2. Process of consumption, 3. Completion of desires, 4. Consumption of products, 5. Times of using men and materials.
Homeopathy-Process 1. Medicines are always prepared in solution of Ethyl Alcohol-common wine. Saturated solution is called mother tincture. 2. 1 drop of Mother Tincture is dissolved into 99 drops of Ethyl Alcohol. After diluting 100 times, its potency or power becomes1. 3. 1 drop of medicine of potency 1 is dissolved into 99 drops of pure alcohol to make Potency 2. Similarly, by repeating 30 times the 100x dilution of mother tincture, we get Potency of 30. We use potency of 30, 200 and 1000 (called M) only as medicine. Sometimes 1M, 2M10 M also are used. 4. By diluting a medicine, its power increases. 5. In 30 power medicine, dilution of mother tincture is 1 in 1060. This is same as the number of electron positron pair in solar system. This is found by dividing mass of solar system by mass of electron. Nucleus of lightest atom Hydrogen is only 1 Proton, 1838 times mass of electron. Thus, even in solution quantity equal to solar system, no atom of medicine exists at potency 30. Still, it is effective. Medicines of 200, 1000 and 1M to 10M have no physical meaning. 6. Effect of Homeopathic medicines can be by Placebo effect also, i.e merely due to blind faith that it is real medicine. But, bad effects of medicine are also observed, which is proof that medicines have effect. 7. Medicine is always prepared in alcohol solution, not in water or oil. 8. As per modern science, Homeopathic medicines are fake or non-existent. They can Be effective only as per Vedic model of cosmology, which is its experimental proof. No modern astronomical theory has any experimental verification.
Vedic Cosmology = Whatever is in an object, similar is in Universe, Galaxy. Human Brain as image of Galaxy.
Dhma 2 = 4r
Dhma 1 = 2r
Earth
Homeopathic medicine is image of solar systemSaturated solution in alcohol = Earth = Mother Tincture 100 times dilution = nanda of Dhma 1 1002 times dilution = nanda of Dhma 2 10030 times dilution= nanda of Dhma 30 Solar system image is Maipra Chakra in Human body. That controls digestion and gives energy like sun. Linked to most ailments. Curing is reaching stage of higher nanda
- ( //) Starting with Earth, field of sun is brighter up to 30 dhmas . Each zone is measured in Ahar.
Sun
Mah patha
Link from man to SunEach heart till Brahma-randhra= Au patha From earth to Sun- Mah patha (Bhadrayaka upaniad -4/4/8,9 Chhndogya upaniad-8/6/1,2,5 Link from earth to sun is at speed of light. (Brahma-stra 4/2/17-20) It goes and returns 3 times in 1 muhrtta. (k 3/53/8); 15x 107 kms. @ 3x105 kms/sec. One way- 500 seconds = 8 minutes
Au patha
Maitreya Maala
Sun-centric view Sun to earth-200 power Till Jupiter-1000 power TillMaitreya - 105 power
105 r
Earth