11 5074 02 FP Afp PDF
11 5074 02 FP Afp PDF
11 5074 02 FP Afp PDF
in collaboration with
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE LOCAL EXAMINATIONS SYNDICATE
General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level
CANDIDATE
NAME
CENTRE
NUMBER
INDEX
NUMBER
* 2 6 2 7 3 7 3 5 8 7 *
CHEMISTRY
5074/02
Paper 2
October/November 2014
1 hour 45 minutes
DC (NF/CGW) 102634
[Turn over
2
Section A
Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided.
The total mark for this section is 50.
K3PO4
H2SO4
NH3
Ca(OH)2
NH4NO3
(ii)
(d) NPK fertilisers are solid fertilisers that contain compounds of nitrogen, phosphorus and
potassium.
Which two compounds could be mixed to produce an NPK fertiliser?
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[Total: 5]
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A2 Chromium can be used as a protective metal for both steel and pure iron.
(a) Stainless steel is an alloy of iron which contains approximately 20% chromium mixed
with iron and some small amounts of other metals.
(i)
(iii)
Suggest how the layer of chromium oxide stops the iron in the stainless steel from
rusting.
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Door handles and trims on some cars are made from iron coated with chromium.
Chromium is a more reactive metal than iron.
(i)
If the chromium coating is scratched, would you expect the iron underneath to rust?
Explain your answer.
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.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii)
Suggest a method that could be used to apply the chromium coating to the iron.
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[Total: 6]
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A3 The diagrams show the structures of some polymers, A, B, C and D.
A
O
C
CH2
CH
CH
CH2
B
H
N
CH2
(CH2)6
CH2
CH2
CH2
O
n
O
(CH2)4
C
n
O
C
O
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
O
n
(a) What is the name of the group that links the monomers together in both A and C?
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Name D.
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Draw the structures of the monomers that react to form C.
[2]
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(d) A, B, C and D include examples of polymers made by both addition and condensation
polymerisation reactions.
Describe three differences between addition and condensation polymerisation
reactions.
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...................................................................................................................................... [3]
(e) A sample of D contains molecules with an average relative molecular mass of 2800.
How many carbon atoms are there in an average molecule of the polymer?
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...................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 8]
5074/02/O/N/14
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A4 The alcohols are a homologous series.
The table shows some data about the enthalpy change when 1 mol or 1 g of each alcohol are
completely combusted.
name of
alcohol
formula
enthalpy change of
combustion (kJ / mol)
enthalpy change of
combustion (kJ / g)
methanol
CH3OH
715
22.3
ethanol
C2H5OH
1371
29.8
propanol
C3H7OH
2010
butanol
C4H9OH
2673
36.1
[2]
(b) Use ideas about breaking and forming bonds to explain why all of the values in the table
are negative.
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(c) The enthalpy change of combustion in kJ / mol increases from methanol to butanol.
Suggest a reason why.
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(d) One characteristic of a homologous series is that properties show a trend.
Describe the trends you would expect for three properties of the alcohols as the
molecules increase in size. Enthalpy change of combustion must not be one of the
properties you choose.
..........................................................................................................................................
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...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(e) Dimethylether is an isomer of ethanol.
H
O
C
H
ethanol
H
O
dimethylether
The enthalpy changes of combustion for ethanol and dimethylether are different.
isomer
ethanol
C2H5OH
dimethylether
CH3OCH3
1371
1460
(i)
The same products are formed when both isomers are completely combusted.
Write equations to show the complete combustion of ethanol and dimethylether.
[2]
(ii)
Suggest why the enthalpy changes of combustion for the two isomers are different.
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.............................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 12]
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A5 A student investigates the amount of copper that forms on the negative electrode during the
electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) sulfate.
The student uses this apparatus.
carbon electrodes
aqueous
copper(II) sulfate
(a) Write equations for the reactions that happen at each electrode during the electrolysis.
Include state symbols.
At the positive electrode:
[3]
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(b) The student measures the mass of the negative electrode at the start.
He allows the electrolysis to continue for 10 minutes.
He dries the electrode, reweighs it and then replaces the electrode to allow the
electrolysis to continue for a further 10 minutes.
He repeats this process until the mass of the electrode does not change.
The table shows his results.
(i)
total time
/ min
mass of electrode
/g
3.50
10
3.91
20
4.15
30
4.78
40
5.21
50
5.61
60
6.10
70
6.10
80
6.10
(ii)
(iii)
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(c) The student repeats the experiment.
This time he uses copper electrodes.
How would you expect his results for this experiment to differ from his first experiment?
Explain your reasoning.
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[Total: 10]
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A6 Naphtha is a fraction of crude oil.
The molecules in naphtha are hydrocarbons with between 5 and 12 carbon atoms.
Naphtha is processed by cracking in an oil refinery.
(a) Explain why cracking of naphtha is an important process in an oil refinery.
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(b) One of the molecules in naphtha is a saturated hydrocarbon containing 5 carbon atoms.
When this molecule is cracked it produces ethene and one other product.
Write an equation, showing full structural formulae, for this reaction.
[2]
(c) Cracking is an endothermic process that can use a catalyst.
Draw an energy profile diagram to show the effect of the catalyst on the cracking
process.
Your diagram should show and label
energy
progress of reaction
UCLES & MOE 2014
5074/02/O/N/14
[3]
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(d) In another process, hexane is passed over a heated catalyst and many products can
form.
Two of the possible products are shown below.
H
H
C
H
H
C
C
H
H
C
product 1
H
H
H
H
hexane
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
product 2
Are products 1 and 2 isomers of hexane?
Explain your reasoning.
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[Total: 9]
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BLANK PAGE
5074/02/O/N/14
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Section B
Answer all three questions in this section.
The last question is in the form of an either/or and only one of the alternatives should be attempted.
14
12
10
pH
there is a definite
step in the pH
change
8
6
4
2
0
10
20
30
40
titration 2:
14
12
10
pH
8
6
4
2
0
10
20
30
40
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titration 3:
14
12
10
pH 8
6
2. HSO4
4
2
H+ + HSO4
H+
10
20
SO42
30
40
H2SO4 and HSO4 are both strong acids. Therefore they are both neutralised at the same point
in the titration, which means that there is still only a single step on the graph.
titration 4:
14
at step 2 another
hydrogen ion has
reacted to form HPO42
at step 1 only one hydrogen ion
from H3PO4 has reacted. H2PO4 is
formed.
2
0
10
20
30
40
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Endpoints and indicators
An indicator can also be used to see when a step happens in the pH change.
The endpoint of each titration happens when the indicator changes colour.
The diagram shows the colours of some indicators at different pH values. In between the colours,
most indicators change colour gradually over a range of pH values.
methyl orange
red
yellow
litmus
red
blue
phenolphthalein
colourless
pink
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
pH
key
gradual colour change
The best indicator for a titration gives a distinct colour change when a step occurs.
For a titration between a strong acid and a strong alkali, every indicator in the diagram would give
an accurate titration volume.
(a) The information does not give the concentration of sulfuric acid used in titration 3.
What is the concentration? Explain your reasoning in words or by means of a calculation.
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(ii)
Identify two differences between the pH graphs for titration 1 and titration 2.
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(c) (i)
Write equations to show how phosphoric acid produces the hydrogen ions involved
in the two steps on the pH graph in titration 4.
step 1
step 2
[2]
(ii)
Give the formula for the salt formed at the end of titration 4.
.................................................
(d) (i)
[1]
Explain why any of the indicators in the diagram can be used to give an accurate
titration volume when strong acids are titrated with dilute sodium hydroxide.
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.............................................................................................................................. [2]
(ii)
Explain why methyl orange would not be suitable to use when titrating ethanoic
acid with dilute sodium hydroxide.
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.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(iii)
Suggest the best indicator to use when titrating ethanoic acid with dilute sodium
hydroxide.
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 12]
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B8 Diamond and graphite have some similarities and some differences between their bonding
and structures.
(a) Describe the similarities and differences between the bonding and structures in
diamond and graphite.
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(b) When graphite is heated in air, it reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide.
The table shows some differences between the properties of graphite and carbon dioxide.
graphite
carbon dioxide
both below 0 C
solubility in water
insoluble
dissolves to form an
acidic solution
5074/02/O/N/14
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EITHER
B9 Phosphorus tribromide, PBr3, is a covalently bonded compound.
It is used as a catalyst for making chemical compounds for medicines.
It has to be handled and stored carefully because it is very toxic and it reacts very vigorously
with water.
(a) Draw a dot-and-cross diagram to show the bonding in phosphorus tribromide.
Show outer electrons only.
[2]
(b) When phosphorus tribromide reacts with water, it forms phosphorous acid, H3PO3, and
hydrogen bromide, HBr.
Write a balanced equation for this reaction.
[1]
(c) One way of making phosphorus tribromide is to react phosphorus with bromine.
2P + 3Br2
(i)
2PBr3
(ii)
Calculate the mass of bromine that reacts to make 54.2 g of phosphorus tribromide.
[3]
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(d) Chlorine also reacts with phosphorus.
2P + 3Cl 2
(i)
2PCl 3
When the same number of moles of phosphorus is reacted with both bromine and
chlorine, the rates for the two reactions are different.
How would you expect the rates to differ?
Explain your reasoning.
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(ii)
5074/02/O/N/14
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OR
B9 The radii of atoms and ions can be measured.
The tables show some information about atomic radii and ionic radii of some Group I and
Group VII elements.
element
number of shells of
electrons in atom
atomic radius
/ pm
number of shells of
electrons in +1 ion
lithium
152
68
sodium
185
98
potassium
227
133
element
number of shells of
electrons in atom
atomic radius
/ pm
fluorine
71
133
chlorine
99
181
bromine
115
196
number of shells of
electrons in 1 ion
ionic radius
/ pm
ionic radius
/ pm
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(c) (i)
Describe the change in the radius when a lithium atom forms a lithium ion.
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii)
Suggest why the radius of a lithium atom changes in this way when it forms a
lithium ion.
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(iii)
Draw diagrams to show the arrangement of electrons in a lithium atom and a lithium
ion to support your answer in (ii).
[2]
(d) Strontium is in Group II.
The table below shows the atomic radius of a strontium atom.
element
atomic radius / pm
strontium
215
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
5074/02/O/N/14
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Calcium
45
5074/02/O/N/14
Yttrium
Radium
89
227
Actinium
Ac
Key
X = atomic symbol
88
Francium
87
226
Ra
223
72
Hafnium
Lanthanum
57
Barium
Caesium
56
178
Hf
139
La
137
Ba
40
133
Fr
55
Zr
91
Titanium
Zirconium
22
48
Ti
Cs
39
Strontium
Rubidium
38
37
89
88
Sr
85
21
Scandium
Sc
Rb
19
Potassium
40
Ca
39
Magnesium
Sodium
12
24
Mg
23
Na
Beryllium
Lithium
11
Be
II
Li
93
Ta
181
Niobium
Nb
90
58
73
52
96
Mo
184
Protactinium
55
Tc
186
Re
144
Nd
92
60
Uranium
238
Neodymium
75
Rhenium
43
Technetium
25
Manganese
Mn
27
59
28
59
29
64
30
65
Ru
101
Iron
190
Pm
147
Osmium
Os
237
Np
93
Neptunium
61
Promethium
76
44
Ruthenium
26
56
Fe
Sm
150
Iridium
Ir
192
244
Pu
94
Plutonium
62
Samarium
77
45
Rhodium
Rh
103
Cobalt
Co
195
Eu
152
Platinum
Pt
243
Am
95
Americium
63
Europium
78
46
Palladium
Pd
106
Nickel
Ni
Gd
157
Gold
Au
197
Silver
96
64
Curium
Cm
247
Gadolinium
79
47
Ag
108
Copper
Cu
201
Bk
247
Terbium
Tb
159
Mercury
Hg
97
Berkelium
65
80
48
Cadmium
Cd
112
Zinc
Zn
11
Dy
162
Thallium
Tl
204
Indium
In
115
Gallium
251
Cf
98
Californium
66
Dysprosium
81
49
31
70
Ga
Ge
73
Silicon
119
Es
252
Holmium
Ho
165
Lead
Pb
207
Tin
Sn
99
Einsteinium
67
82
50
32
Germanium
14
28
Si
Carbon
27
Aluminium
13
12
Al
Boron
B
7
14
75
Sb
122
Arsenic
As
Bi
209
Fermium
Fm
257
Erbium
Er
167
Bismuth
100
68
83
51
Antimony
33
15
Phosphorus
31
Nitrogen
N
8
Se
79
Sulfur
32
Oxygen
209
Po
169
Md
258
Thulium
Tm
101
Mendelevium
69
84
Polonium
52
Tellurium
Te
128
Selenium
34
16
16
O
9
Yb
173
Astatine
At
210
Iodine
127
Bromine
Br
80
Chlorine
259
No
102
Nobelium
70
Ytterbium
85
53
35
17
Cl
35.5
Fluorine
19
Lr
260
Lutetium
Lu
175
Radon
Rn
222
Xenon
Xe
131
Krypton
Kr
84
Argon
Ar
40
Neon
103
Lawrencium
71
86
54
36
18
10
Ne
20
Helium
Hydrogen
VII
VI
He
IV
III
The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).
91
Thorium
231
Pa
Th
232
Praseodymium
Cerium
59
141
Pr
140
74
Tungsten
42
Molybdenum
24
Chromium
Cr
Ce
Tantalum
41
23
Vanadium
51
Group
DATA SHEET
The Periodic Table of the Elements
24