TEAM SPORTS BASKETBALL

PHED 1352

HISTORY OF BASKETBALL
BASKETBALL RULES AND REGULATIONS

PROF. JOHN G. ESTOR

DARYL HANNAH F. SERRANO

BBF 2-2

HISTORY OF BASKETBALL
The history of basketball begins with the invention of the game in 1891 in Springfield,
Massachusetts in the United States. A Dr. James Naismith invented the first basketball. The
game became established fairly quickly, becoming very popular as the 20th century progressed,
first in America and then throughout the world. After basketball became established in American
colleges, the professional game followed; the American National Basketball Association (NBA),
established in 1949, grew to a multibillion dollar enterprise by the end of the century, and
basketball became an integral part of American culture.
FIBA (the International Basketball Federation) was founded in 1932, basketball became
an Olympic sport in 1936, and non-American teams and players progressed to match and
sometimes exceed American standards of play in the later 20th century and the 21st.
Invention of the game
The game of basketball as we know it today was created by Dr. James Naismith in 1891
to condition young athletes during the winter. It consisted of peach baskets and a soccer style
ball. He published 13 rules for the new game. He divided his class of 18 into 2 teams of 9 players
each and set about to teach them the basics of his new game. The objective of the game was to
throw the basketball, into the fruit baskets nailed to the lower railing of the gym balcony. Every
time a point was scored, the game was halted so the janitor could bring out a ladder and retrieve
the ball. After a while, the bottoms of the fruit baskets were removed. The first public basketball
game was played in Springfield, Massachusetts, on March 11, 1892.
The first basketball game
On December 21, 1891, James Naismith published rules for a new game using five base
ideas and thirteen rules. That day, he asked his class to play a match in the Armory Street court:
9 versus 9, using a soccer ball and two peach baskets. Frank Mahan, one of his students, wasnt
so happy. He just said: "Harrumph. Another new game". However, Naismith was the inventor of
the new game. Someone proposed to call it Naismith Game, but he suggested "We have a ball
and a basket: why dont we call it basket ball"? The eighteen players were: John J. Thompson,
Eugene S. Libby, Edwin P. Ruggles, William R. Chase, T. Duncan Patton, Frank Mahan, Finlay
G. MacDonald, William H. Davis and Lyman Archibald, who defeated George Weller, Wilbert
Carey, Ernest Hildner, Raymond Kaighn, Genzabaro Ishikawa, Benjamin S. French, Franklin
Barnes, George Day and Henry Gelan 10. The goal was scored by Chase. There were other
differences between Naismiths first idea and the game played today. The peach baskets were
closed, and balls had to be retrieved manually, until a small hole was put in the bottom of the
peach basket to poke the ball out using a stick. Only in 1906 were metal hoops, nets and back
boards introduced. Moreover, earlier the soccer ball was replaced by a Spalding ball, similar to
the one used today.

YMCA, U.S. Army spread development

It was the YMCA that had a major role in spreading basketball throughout the United
States, Canada, and the world. In 1893, Mel Rideout arranged the first European match in Paris,
in Montmartre. At the same time, Bob Gailey went to Tientsin, China), Duncan Patton to India,
Genzabaro Ishikawa to Japan, and C. Hareek to Persia.
The First World War broke out in 1914, and the U.S. Army started fighting in Europe in
1917. During World War I, the American Expeditionary Force brought basketball wherever it
went. Together with the troops, there were hundreds of physical education teachers who knew
basketball. Naismith spent two years with the YMCA in France in that period. Not only did these
influence bring basketball with them, but even the modern basketball, that is the game as it
was played in the United States at that time.
Professional leagues, teams and organizations
The first professional league was founded in 1898. Six teams took part in the National
Basketball League, and the first champions were the Trenton Nationals, followed by the New
York Wanderers, the Bristol Pile Drivers and the Camden Electrics. The league was abandoned
in 1904. Then, many small championships were organized, but most of them were not as
important as some teams who played for money against challengers.
The Original Celtics, for instance, are considered the "fathers of basketball", and were
presented as "Worlds Basketball Champions"; the players had to sign a contract to play with
them and the Jim Furey, organized matches as a circus, moving daily from town to town. The
Celtics became the strongest team, and their successes lasted from 1922 until 1928, when the
team disbanded due to ownership problems. The Original Celtics are sometimes incorrectly
thought of as forebears of the current Boston Celtics of the NBA; in reality, they share only a
name, as today's Celtics were not founded until 1946, nearly two decades after the demise of the
Original Celtics. In 1922, the first all-African American professional team was founded:
the Rens (also known as New York Renaissance or Harlem Renaissance). The Rens were the
Original Celtics usual opponent, and for their matches a ticket cost $1. They took part in some
official championships and won the first World Professional Basketball Tournament in 1939.
The team disbanded in 1949.
In the 1920s and 1930s, Eastern Basket Ball League (founded in 1909), Metropolitan
Basketball League (founded in 1921) and American Basketball League (founded in 1925) were
the most important leagues.
BASKETBALL RULES AND REGULATIONS
Rules for the offense
The basketball team on offense is the team with the basketball. When a player has the basketball
there are certain rules they must follow:

1) The player must bounce, or dribble, the ball with one hand while moving both feet. If, at any
time, both hands touch the ball or the player stops dribbling, the player must only move one foot.
The foot that is stationary is called the pivot foot.
2) The basketball player can only take one turn at dribbling. In other words, once a player has
stopped dribbling they cannot start another dribble. A player who starts dribbling again is called
for a double-dribbling violation and looses the basketball to the other team. A player can only
start another dribble after another player from either team touches or gains control of the
basketball. This is usually after a shot or pass.
3) The ball must stay in bounds. If the offensive team looses the ball out of bounds the other
team gets control of the basketball.
4) The players hand must be on top of the ball while dribbling. If they touch the bottom of the
basketball while dribbling and continue to dribble this is called carrying the ball and the player
will lose the ball to the other team.
5) Once the offensive team crosses half court, they may not go back into the backcourt. This is
called a backcourt violation. If the defensive team knocks the ball into the backcourt, then the
offensive team can recover the ball legally.
Defensive Rules
The team on defense is the team without the basketball.
1) The main rule for the defensive player is not to foul. A foul is described as gaining an unfair
advantage through physical contact. There is some interpretation that has to be made by the
referee, but, in general, the defensive player may not touch the offensive player in a way that
causes the offensive player to lose the ball or miss a shot.
Rules for everyone
1) Although the foul rule is described above as a defensive rule, it applies exactly the same to all
players on the court including offensive players.
2) Basketball players cannot kick the ball or hit it with their fist.
3) No player can touch the basketball while it is traveling downward towards the basket or if it is
on the rim. This is called goaltending. (touching the ball on the rim is legal in some games).

Fouls and Violations

FOULS
Personal fouls: Personal fouls include any type of illegal physical contact.

Hitting
Pushing
Slapping
Holding
Illegal pick/screen -- when an offensive player is moving. When an offensive player sticks out a
limb and makes physical contact with a defender in an attempt to block the path of the defender.
Personal foul penalties: If a player is shooting while a being fouled, then he gets two free
throws if his shot doesn't go in, but only one free throw if his shot does go in.
Three free throws are awarded if the player is fouled while shooting for a three-point goal and
they miss their shot. If a player is fouled while shooting a three-point shot and makes it anyway,
he is awarded one free throw. Thus, he could score four points on the play.
Inbounds. If fouled while not shooting, the ball is given to the team the foul was committed
upon. They get the ball at the nearest side or baseline, out of bounds, and have 5 seconds to pass
the ball onto the court.
One & one. If the team committing the foul has seven or more fouls in the game, then the player
who was fouled is awarded one free throw. If he makes his first shot, then he is awarded another
free throw.
Ten or more fouls. If the team committing the foul has ten or more fouls, then the fouled player
receives two free throws.
Charging. An offensive foul that is committed when a player pushes or runs over a defensive
player. The ball is given to the team that the foul was committed upon.
Blocking. Blocking is illegal personal contact resulting from a defender not establishing position
in time to prevent an opponent's drive to the basket.
Flagrant foul. Violent contact with an opponent. This includes hitting, kicking, and punching.
This type of foul results in free throws plus the offense retaining possession of the ball after the
free throws.
Intentional foul. When a player makes physical contact with another player with no reasonable
effort to steal the ball. It is a judgment call for the officials.
Technical foul. Technical foul. A player or a coach can commit this type of foul. It does not
involve player contact or the ball but is instead about the 'manners' of the game. Foul language,

obscenity, obscene gestures, and even arguing can be considered a technical foul, as can
technical details regarding filling in the scorebook improperly or dunking during warm-ups.
VIOLATIONS
Walking/Traveling. Taking more than 'a step and a half' without dribbling the ball is traveling.
Moving your pivot foot once you've stopped dribbling is traveling.
Carrying/palming. When a player dribbles the ball with his hand too far to the side of or,
sometimes, even under the ball.
Double Dribble. Dribbling the ball with both hands on the ball at the same time or picking up
the dribble and then dribbling again is a double dribble.
Held ball. Occasionally, two or more opposing players will gain possession of the ball at the
same time. In order to avoid a prolonged and/or violent tussle, the referee stops the action and
awards the ball to one team or the other on a rotating basis.
Goaltending. If a defensive player interferes with a shot while it's on the way down toward the
basket, while it's on the way up toward the basket after having touched the backboard, or while
it's in the cylinder above the rim, it's goaltending and the shot counts. If committed by an
offensive player, it's a violation and the ball is awarded to the opposing team for a throw-in.
Backcourt violation. Once the offense has brought the ball across the mid-court line, they
cannot go back across the line during possession. If they do, the ball is awarded to the other team
to pass inbounds.
Time restrictions. A player passing the ball inbounds has five seconds to pass the ball. If he
does not, then the ball is awarded to the other team. Other time restrictions include the rule that a
player cannot have the ball for more than five seconds when being closely guarded and, in some
states and levels, shot-clock restrictions requiring a team to attempt a shot within a given time
frame.
Player Positions
Center. Centers are generally your tallest players. They generally are positioned near the basket.
Offensive -- The center's goal is to get open for a pass and to shoot. They are also responsible for
blocking defenders, known as picking or screening, to open other players up for driving to the
basket for a goal. Centers are expected to get some offensive rebounds and put-backs.

Defensive -- On defense, the center's main responsibility is to keep opponents from shooting by
blocking shots and passes in the key area. They also are expected to get a lot of rebounds
because they're taller.
Forward. Your next tallest players will most likely be your forwards. While a forward may be
called upon to play under the hoop, they may also be required to operate in the wings and corner
areas.
Offensive -- Forwards are responsible to get free for a pass, take outside shots, drive for goals,
and rebound.
Defensive -- Responsibilities include preventing drives to the goal and rebounding.
Guard. These are potentially your shortest players and they should be really good at dribbling
fast, seeing the court, and passing. It is their job to bring the ball down the court and set up
offensive plays.
Offensive -- Dribbling, passing, and setting up offensive plays are a guard's main
responsibilities. They also need to be able to drive to the basket and to shoot from the perimeter.
Defensive -- On defense, a guard is responsible for stealing passes, contesting shots, preventing
drives to the hoop, and for boxing out.