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Phthalic Anhydride Part 1
Phthalic Anhydride Part 1
Report
E-mail: [email protected]
Phthalic Anhydride (PAN) is a principal commercial form of phthalic acid,
discovered in 1836. It was the first anhydride of a dicarboxylic acid to be used
commercially, and is comparable in its
importance to acetic acid. The most important reaction of Phthalic Anhydride is
with alcohols or diols to give esters or
polyesters.
Properties
PAN is a white crystalline solid, used
to manufacture synthetic resins, which
act as binders in paint products. Alkyd
resins account for over 80% of the resins
used in the paints industry. These synthetic resins are produced by condensing PAN with polyhydric alcohols, fatty
oils and acids. Generally, PAN is sold in
flake, molten or briquetted form. The dust
emanating from PAN flakes while handling or packing is not only inflammable,
but also hazardous to health.
Hence, PAN is not preferred in the
flake form. PAN, in liquid or molten form,
has the appearance and viscosity of water; however, it is inflammable and needs
to be stored and transported with adequate temperature controls.
In the West, PAN is mainly transported in liquid form, with suitable pre-
Table 1
Physical properties of phthalic anhydride
Property
Value
Description
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Boiling point
Melting point
Solubility
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Table 2
Phthalic anhydride capacity in India
Company
Location
Taloja, Maharashtra
Ranipet, Tamil Nadu
Ankleshwar, Gujarat
Raichur, Karnataka
Thane, Maharashtra
Total
While these two jointly account for
around 82% of total capacity, the remaining 18% is held by Asian Paints Ltd.
(25,200-tpa), Mysore Petrochemicals
Ltd. (12,000-tpa) and S.I. Group, earlier
known as Schenectady Herdillia Ltd.
(10,000-tpa).
I.G. Petrochemicals Ltd. (IGPL)
The plant is located at MIDC, Taloja
(Raigad District, Maharashtra), 50-km
from Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPT)
terminal. The plant is based on the VonHeyden Low Energy Process of Wacker
Chemie GmbH (Germany) and engineered
by Lurgi (Gerrmany). IGPL has increased
its capacity from 45,000-tpa to 120,000tpa, making it the largest manufacturer
of PAN in India.
267,200
and various organic acids and derivatives. During 2006-07, the company produced 74,868-tons of PAN, utilizing 75%
of its capacity and achieved sales of
72,000-tons PAN valued at Rs. 472-crore.
Table 3
Trends in Production and
Capacity Utilisation
Years
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
Capacity
[tpa]
Production
[tons]
Capacity
Ut. [%]
243,000
243,000
243,000
243,000
243,000
257,200
267,200
146,229
172,437
191,784
171,792
185,281
191,622
222,500
60.0
71.0
79.0
71.0
76.0
75.0
83.0
Production of PAN in India has increased from 1.46 lakh tons in 200001 to 2.22 lakh tons in 2006-07, registering a compounded annual growth
rate of 7.25% during the last seven
years. Capacity utilization has increased from 60% to 83% during the
same period.
Trade
PAN is both imported as well as exported from the country. Imports have
increased from over 5,000-tons in
2000-01 to over 24,000 tons in 2005-06,
before declining in 2006-07 to a little over
12,000-tons.
Import duty
Excise duty
35.3
20.0
20.4
15.3
12.8
7.7
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
210
210
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Special
Table 5
Imports of phthalic anhydride into India
Quantity [Tons]
5,347
8,659
9,695
17,669
19,906
24,092
12,174
1,570
2,090
2,880
5,380
8,250
10,060
6,035
29.36
24.14
29.71
30.45
41.44
41.76
49.57
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
Source: DGCIS
Table 6
Exports of phthalic anhydride from India
Quantity [Tons]
31,872
34,395
74,928
57,703
50,308
54,370
56,030
8,220
7,620
20,570
16,620
19,410
20,760
30,403
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
54.26
Source: DGCIS
Report
Table 7
Imports of phthalic anhydride by country
2003-04
Quantity [Tons]
Israel
Korea South
Taiwan
Singapore
Thailand
Indonesia
Germany
China
Italy
Japan
USA
South Africa
Switzerland
Czech
Iceland
Turkey
Total
Chemical Weekly
2004-05
2005-06
7,720.0
3,112.1
54.0
140.0
0.0
5,704.8
564.2
111.5
51.9
17.0
27.7
140.0
26.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
22,594.5
10,659.0
154.4
424.9
0.0
15,795.7
2,624.2
524.9
258.8
133.9
213.9
326.8
130.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
5,848.1
9,106.4
423.0
100.0
300.0
1,180.0
299.8
51.0
440.1
302.0
157.7
0.0
0.0
771.0
20.0
600.0
2,271.2
3,799.0
215.0
38.1
113.1
482.7
152.4
22.6
209.1
130.8
80.2
0.0
0.0
304.8
7.3
279.2
9,166.5
8,930.8
2,255.0
1,671.0
820.0
760.0
125.8
122.1
100.0
87.5
52.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3,747.3
3,650.5
995.7
691.8
339.8
296.4
95.6
72.8
67.7
50.3
52.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
17,669.2
53,841.2
19,599.2
8,105.6
24,091.7
10,061.5
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Table 8
Exports of phthalic anhydride by country
2003-04
Quantity [Tons]
Saudi Arabia
2004-05
2005-06
11,208.0
33,280.1
9,016.4
3,494.9
11,011.5
4,096.6
UAE
5,646.5
16,376.1
6,831.6
2,592.8
9,588.0
3,640.4
Egypt
1,693.5
4,837.8
2,893.0
1,103.1
6,035.5
2,419.9
Iran
6,233.5
17,748.8
8,429.0
3,362.2
5,040.0
1,940.0
China
7,016.2
19,847.6
2,712.0
1,003.1
4,428.0
1,665.9
Thailand
3,456.5
10,348.8
933.0
343.2
2,543.0
967.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2,204.2
775.7
6,083.5
15,363.4
2,254.6
864.2
2,032.0
759.2
Kuwait
965.5
2,811.6
1,474.0
562.4
1,862.0
709.7
Tunisia
513.0
1,509.7
228.0
93.7
1,786.0
704.3
Turkey
521.0
1,454.1
851.0
287.8
1,281.0
542.1
Nigeria
1,170.5
3,722.0
1,154.0
457.3
1,029.0
402.6
Kenya
857.0
2,553.7
1,019.7
402.6
878.0
352.3
Jordan
0.0
0.0
515.0
204.9
702.0
256.8
1,306.5
3,895.3
1,470.0
547.6
658.5
255.4
594.0
1,928.7
1,285.0
500.9
508.0
200.7
Malaysia
3,427.5
9,791.1
1,531.0
562.9
489.0
189.4
Korea South
1,683.5
4,423.8
237.0
83.9
401.0
155.4
Tanzania
312.5
926.0
252.0
103.5
399.0
155.1
Italy
209.0
572.1
210.0
78.5
351.0
134.1
8.0
19.4
38.0
14.5
323.0
123.1
Sri Lanka
136.0
379.5
232.0
89.2
320.0
126.3
Indonesia
2,519.5
8,609.0
1,275.0
612.6
210.0
79.8
0.0
0.0
105.0
43.3
84.0
32.1
34.0
101.5
0.0
0.0
57.2
20.5
Korea North
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
53.0
18.2
Brazil
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
38.0
15.7
21.0
66.9
62.0
27.6
21.0
9.2
0.0
0.0
42.0
17.1
21.0
9.1
36.5
105.8
0.0
0.0
16.0
5.6
57,702.7
166,209.0
45,627.2
17,657.6
54,369.9
20,762.9
Netherlands
Pakistan
Bangladesh
Singapore
Syria
Ghana
Germany
Uganda
Madagascar
Belgium
Total
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Table 9
Apparent consumption of phthalic anhydride in India
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
[Tons]
Production
Imports
Exports
Consumption
146,229
172,437
191,784
171,792
185,281
191,622
222,500
5,347
8,659
9,695
17,669
19,906
24,092
12,174
31,872
34,395
74,928
57,703
50,308
54,370
56,030
119,704
146,701
126,551
131,758
154,879
161,344
178,644
Table 10
Consumption pattern of phthalic anhydride in India: 2006-07
End-use
Consumption [Tons]
Share [%]
CARG [%]
49,000
47,250
50,750
28,000
28.0
27.0
29.0
16.0
7.0
8.0
6.0
5.0
175,000
100.0
6.5
Alkyd Resins
Dyes & Pigments
Plasticizers
Others
Total
Demand forecast
As noted earlier, production of PAN
has registered CARG of 7.5%, while domestic demand has registered CARG of
6.8% in last seven years.
Strong growth in the end-user industries, such as paints and plasticisers has
augmented demand for PAN. Besides,
Plasticizers
29%
Report
Table 11
Price of phthalic anhydride in
domestic market
[Rs per kg]
Period
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
June
July
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
2007
2006
76
76
76
73
67
65
66
65
65
72
72
69
58
60
60
60
60
66
72
84
84
84
84
76
Alkyd Resins
28%
Dyes &
Pigments
27%
January 1, 2008
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Table 13
Alternate supply-demand scenario for phthalic anhydride
Production
Imports
Exports
Demand
Capacity
Operating rate [%]
2006-07E
2007-08F
2008-09F
2009-10F
2010-11F
2011-12F
CAGR
222,741
15,000
65,000
175,319
257,200
87
262,700
12,800
75,400
190,082
297,200
88
299,900
11,900
104,000
205,095
327,200
92
339,400
11,200
128,000
220,550
367,200
92
340,200
10,600
112,000
235,973
367,200
93
343,400
10,200
99,900
251,150
367,200
94
9.0
-7.4
9.0
7.5
7.4
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