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TKT Kal Part 3 Grammar Word Classes PDF
TKT Kal Part 3 Grammar Word Classes PDF
Description
In this activity, participants learn about the different word classes and their functions, and
begin to explore the various sub-categories of each word class. This knowledge is required
for many TKT: KAL tasks.
Time required:
45 minutes
Materials
required:
Aims:
Procedure
1. Divide the group into teams of 3 or 4 participants per team. Tell them there are nine
word classes/ parts of speech and the first team to give you all nine is the winner.
Participants work in their teams to list the nine word classes/ parts of speech. When
they have nine, they should shout out Stop!. Check their answers are correct: if not,
ask the other teams to answer (see Key below).
2. Give out Participants Worksheet 1. Ask participants to categorise the words
individually before checking with the rest of their team from Step 1. Feed back
answers, especially those where there is disagreement (see Key below).
3. Practise this by saying a word aloud. The group must tell you what part of speech it
is. After 2 or 3 words, participants continue this activity in their teams, each person
saying 2 or 3 words. Monitor and help with any disagreements.
4. Point out that parts of speech are not just different classes of things, but each class
has a different function in grammar. Elicit from participants what the function of the
different parts of speech is. Accept all answers at this stage.
5. Give out Participants Worksheet 2. Participants work in pairs or individually to
match the definitions with each word class. Check with a partner/another pair. Feed
back as necessary (see Key below), then ask participants in pairs to underline in the
definitions the function of each word class. Feed back (see Key below).
6. Write nouns in the middle of the board. Write Paris, sugar, imagination, book
randomly around the board, leaving some space between these words and nouns.
Elicit what kind of noun each of these words is, and write the types of nouns on the
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Page 1 of 10
board to make a spidergram (see Key below). Point out that for each word class,
there are various subcategories, e.g. transitive verbs, adverbs of manner,
comparative adjectives, etc.
7. Give out Participants Worksheet 3. Participants work in small groups to complete
the table. Allow five minutes for this. Encourage participants to be as comprehensive
in their answers as possible to give them a good base for the following game. As you
check answers to this task, you could ask for examples of each subcategory. (See
Key below.)
8. Divide the group into at least three equally numbered teams. Each team writes
definitions of six subcategories from the table on Participants Worksheet 3. When
they have all finished writing, each team takes it in turns to read out a definition. The
first team to give the correct sub-category gets a point. The next team then reads out
their definition, and so on. The winner is the team with most points.
9. Give out Participants Worksheet 4. Ask participants to do the task individually or in
pairs. The task acts as a round up on word classes.
10. Discuss the following questions with participants:
a.
How might knowledge of word classes help the teacher in the classroom?
(e.g. to analyse learners mistakes, to guide learners who muddle the
grammatical function of different parts of speech, to help learners with
understanding relationships between words in listening and reading and
composing sentences in writing)
b.
Would it be useful or not for teach learners the terms used to describe
language in this unit? (this would depend on the learners, their age,
background, learning preferences and previous learning experience)
Additional information
TKT: KAL is unlikely to test knowledge of the parts of speech directly, as it is assumed
candidates already know these. The terms for the parts of speech and their subcategories
occur regularly in the exam.
UCLES 2009. This material may be photocopied (without alteration) and distributed for classroom use provided no charge is made. For further
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Page 2 of 10
verbs
adjectives
adverbs
determiners
prepositions
pronouns
conjunctions
exclamations
Step 6:
book
imagination
countable
abstract
nouns
uncountable
proper
Paris
sugar
Key to Participants Worksheet 1
Note: words in bold are in more than one word class.
Nouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Adverbs
Determiners
rain
must
awful
hard
another
truth
cook
hard
then
each
cook
rain
his
since
which
lovely
there
Exclamations
advice
Prepositions
Pronouns
Conjunctions
because of
his
then
onto
which
since
theirs
although
there
UCLES 2009. This material may be photocopied (without alteration) and distributed for classroom use provided no charge is made. For further
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Page 3 of 10
1. Nouns
f)
2. Verbs
i)
3. Adjectives
b)
4. Adverbs
h)
5. Determiners
c)
6. Prepositions
g)
7. Pronouns
e)
Items used to substitute for the entities which lexical noun phrases
indicate
8. Conjunctions
a)
9. Exclamations d)
UCLES 2009. This material may be photocopied (without alteration) and distributed for classroom use provided no charge is made. For further
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Page 4 of 10
uncountable
concrete
proper
countable
common
modal
auxiliary
main
transitive
intransitive
stative
dynamic
regular
irregular
lexical
phrasal
colour
material
evaluative
short
longer
comparative
superlative
predicative
attributive
gradable
ungradable
focus
time
place
attitude
manner
degree
articles
quantifiers
numerals
demonstratives
possessive adjectives
interrogative
adjectives
Prepositions
place
time
direction
Pronouns
possessive
demonstrative
indefinite
interrogative
personal
relative
subordinating
coordinating
time
place
reason
manner
contrast
condition
purpose
shock
pleasure, etc
Nouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Adverbs
frequency
Determiners
reflexive
Conjunctions
result
Exclamations
surprise
2 B
3 A
4 B
5 A
6 C
7 A
8 B
UCLES 2009. This material may be photocopied (without alteration) and distributed for classroom use provided no charge is made. For further
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Page 5 of 10
another
must
awful
rain
hard
then
each
his
since
truth
because of
which
cook
enormous
lovely
theirs
onto
although
there
advice
Nouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Adverbs
Determiners
Prepositions
Pronouns
Conjunctions
Exclamations
UCLES 2009. This material may be photocopied (without alteration) and distributed for classroom use provided no charge is made. For further
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Page 6 of 10
1. Nouns
2. Verbs
3. Adjectives
4. Adverbs
5. Determiners
6. Prepositions
7. Pronouns
8. Conjunctions
9. Exclamations
(Definitions adapted from Carter and McCarthy, 2006, Cambridge Grammar of English, CUP)
UCLES 2009. This material may be photocopied (without alteration) and distributed for classroom use provided no charge is made. For further
information see our Terms of Use at http://www.teachers.cambridgeESOL.org/ts/legalinfo
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Page 7 of 10
Nouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Adverbs
Determiners
Prepositions
Pronouns
Conjunctions
Exclamations
UCLES 2009. This material may be photocopied (without alteration) and distributed for classroom use provided no charge is made. For further
information see our Terms of Use at http://www.teachers.cambridgeESOL.org/ts/legalinfo
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Page 8 of 10
3. The girl noticed the angry men and women in the town
square.
Everybody
each
one
Although
and
as
girl
men
women
unfortunately
absolutely
honestly
so
enough
all
friend
shop assistant
baby
because of
as
in order to
fast
next
direct
UCLES 2009. This material may be photocopied (without alteration) and distributed for classroom use provided no charge is made. For further
information see our Terms of Use at http://www.teachers.cambridgeESOL.org/ts/legalinfo
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Page 9 of 10
Acknowledgements
Cambridge ESOL is grateful to the following for copyright permission:
Cambridge Grammar of English, CUP
Definitions adapted from Carter and McCarthy, 2006, Cambridge Grammar of English, CUP
Every effort has been made to identify the copyright owners for material used, but it is not always
possible to identify the source or contact the copyright holders. In such cases, Cambridge ESOL
would welcome information from the copyright owners.
UCLES 2009. This material may be photocopied (without alteration) and distributed for classroom use provided no charge is made. For further
information see our Terms of Use at http://www.teachers.cambridgeESOL.org/ts/legalinfo
www.teachers.cambridgeesol.org
Page 10 of 10