Rural Tourism
Rural Tourism
ON
Rural Tourism
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF:
SUBMITTED BY:-
Jasbir Singh
Prashant Dikshit
Coord. BBA(T&TM)
Dept. Of Business Administration
Session: 2012-2015
CERTIFICATE
TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN
This is to certify that the research project initiated to certify that is the innovative effort of
PRASHANT DIXITROLL NO.:-00614905012 and it has been accomplished under
my guidance.
Certified that this project report RURAL TOURISM
Is the bonafied work of "PRASHANT DIXIT who carried out the project work under
my supervision.
Jasbir Singh
Reader & Prog.
Coord. BBA(T&TM)
Dept. Of Business Administration
Project guide
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
A project can never become a success with efforts of only one individual. It
requires a group of people to complete a project at its best. And its my
friends, my teacher and my family member who have helped me to complete
my project report.
The present work is just an effort to throw some light on RURAL
TOURISM IN INDIA. The work would not have been possible to come to
the present shape without the guidance, supervision and help of number of
people.
With deep sense of gratitude I acknowledge the encouragement and
guidance received from Dr. JASBIR SINGH, READER & PROG.
COORD.
BBA
(T&TM),
DEPARTMENT
OF
BUSINESS
PRASHANT DIXIT
ENROLL. NO.: 00614905012
Course: BBA (T&TM) 3rd Semester
PREFACE
Indias heart lies in its villages. Every rural community is steeped in folklore
and indigenous craft. The traditional way of life can greatly enrich a visitor's
experience.
Ministry of Tourism, Government of India and UNDP India have partnered
to promote 31 such rural locations, under the Rural Tourism Scheme. The
initiative aims to enable the local residents, especially women and
disadvantaged groups, introduce visitors to their art and craft.
Since most tourists sites are located away from the urban centers, the trend
is towards an increase in the share of tourism outside the well known urban
centers.
When we limit ourselves to well known tourist spots we tend to reinforce
impressions that are stereotyped.
Come and discover rural India where 74% of Indians live.
There is wealth of craft, performing art and vivid life style that awaits you.
Your interest is vital to sustain this endangered wealth of human evolution!
TABLE OF CONTENTS
S. NO
1.
2.
PARTICULARS
PAGE NO.
Chapter 1 Introduction
Rural tourism
1-2
Objectives
Research methodology
Limitations
Chapter 2 Profile
Tourism research
10-23
Adaption to tourism
24-27
28-33
34-41
Major operations
42-43
Major initiatives
44
45
3.
46
46-47
47-48
50
51-53
54-59
61
Recommendations
62-63
Bibliography
64
CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
India is one of the oldest and perhaps culturally the richest and most diverse
nation on this planet.
You will be exposed to all colors and hues of civilization.
Our forests are rich in flora fauna. Our Cuisines are mouth watering. We
have scenic beauty that is breath-taking. Our folk dances are simply
enchanting.
A wide array of discoveries await you in wooded valleys of Himachal
Pradesh, hills of Uttaranchal, plains of the river Ganga , forests of north-east
or plateau of south India.
All you have to do is to cross over the mental barrier and step in a brave new
world of unending surprises of rural India.
Objectives
The main objectives of the study are:
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In the beginning to get more familiar to the topic secondary in formation
on the subject was collected from studies done on Project . The source of
secondary data was restricted to the library of the institute of hotel
Management.
It was decided to use a controlled opinion questionnaire and that
too of alternative choice variety . This type of questionnaire was selected
for two reasons:
Primary sources: Internet, Books
Secondary sources: Newspaper, Magazine
LIMITATIONS
4
1.
Small universe
The Universe for this study is too small therefore the findings may not
truly represent the conditions in the entire industry.
2.
Problem of Accessibility
it was very difficult in approaching the executives or the Guest as
they would
Constraints of time
The respondents due to non availability of time
Lack of Interest
Many respondents were just not interested in interacting as they
considered it to be a waste of time, a non lucrative approach. This
negative approach was quite impairing.
Secondary data:
Secondary data is any data, which have been gathered earlier for some other
purpose.
Among the other mentioned types of data was used for the study and
analysis of the objective of this project, also the secondary to data proved to
be helping hand in framing up the industry scenario and also the relevant
topics in the entire project report.
Advantages of secondary data
1. It is economical. It saves efforts and expenses.
2. It is time saving.
Disadvantages of secondary data
1. Accuracy of secondary data is not known.
2. Data may be outdated.
CHAPTER-2
PROFILE
Any form of tourism that showcases the rural life, art, culture and heritage at
rural locations, thereby benefiting the local community economically and
socially, as well as enabling interaction between the tourists and the local
community for a more enriching tourism experience can be termed as rural
tourism.
Rural tourism is essentially any activity which takes place in the
countryside. It is multi-faceted and may entail farm or agricultural tourism
and is experience oriented. The locations are predominantly in natural
environments; they mesh with seasonality and local events and are based on
preservation of culture, heritage and traditions.
RURAL TOURISM
8
India's amazing diversity offers you everything you could ever want in a
holiday. From the moment that you set foot in India to be greeted by a
graceful Namaste, a gesture that denotes both welcome and respect, you are
on the way to one of the most rewarding experiences of your life.
Bounded by the majestic Himalayan ranges in the north and edged by a
spectacular coastline surrounded by three seas, India is a vivid kaleidoscope
of landscapes, magnificent historical sites and royal cities, golden beaches,
misty mountain retreats, colorful people, rich cultures and festivities.
At any part of the year India can offer you a dazzling array of destinations
and experiences. In summer, when the subcontinent is sizzling, there are
spectacular retreats amidst the heady beauty of the Himalayas or the lush
heights of the Western Ghats with cool trekking trails, tall peaks to
conqueror stretches of white water for the adventure seekers.
In the cool of an Indian winter, cities come alive with cultural feasts of
music and dance. The balmy weather is an ideal time for you to go century
hopping in romantic cities studded with medieval forts and palaces. The sun
drenched beaches are inviting and wildlife sanctuaries with their abundance
of flora and fauna are a buzz with the nurture of the young.
You can taste the delights of the Indian monsoon anywhere in the countryon a camel safari in the Rajasthan desert when nature comes alive and the
peacocks dance; along the west coast where the relentless slant ingrain
9
paints the countryside in brilliant greens or even trekking amidst the stark
grandeur of mountain valleys lying in the rain shadow of the Himalayas.
Experience exotic India live like a maharaja in the rich ambiance of royal
forts and palaces that are now heritage hotels; luxuriate in the serene beauty
of a coral island with its turquoise lagoon; participate in the exuberance of a
village fair or a colorful festival; day dream on a house boat drifting down
the palm - fringed backwaters; delight in the grace of a dancer or shop till
you drop - buying exquisite silks, carved figurines, brass and silver ware,
marble inlaid with semi-precious stones, finely crafted jewelry, miniature
paintings, carpets ....at unbelievable prices.
India, always warm and inviting, is a place of infinite variety - one that
favors you with a different facet of its fascination every time you come on a
visit
Delhi is the ideal place to start your exploration of northern India. The
capital of India and a city of fascinating contrasts, Delhi's monuments and
structures take you through the centuries past seven older cities that existed
here.
10
So go sight seeing - Qutub Minar, the tall victory tower built in 1199, the
splendid Red Fort and the majestic Jama Masjid with its striped domes and
tall minarets. Other architectural delights include the Humayun's Tomb, the
Jantar Mantar, the Purana Qila and the magnificent government complex on
Raisina Hill the Rashtrapati Bhavan framed by the Secretariats and the
circular Parliament House.
Delhi is a marvellous place for shopping. So visit its hustling bazaars and
don't forget to have a taste of the best of Indian cuisine at its fine restaurants.
Take off then on the golden triangle trail on to Agra and Jaipur for glimpse
of historic India at Agra, view the pristine poetry of the Taj Mahal - a
memorial to immortal love and the imposing Red Fort. Meander through the
amazing ghost town of Fatehpur Sikri, perfectly preserved, and built by the
Emperor Akbar in red sandstone.
11
Jaipur imprints itself on your memory in the most vivid of colours. You
could stay in one of its many palaces or mansions for a royal experience and
wander off on elephant back to view the Amber Fort majestically located up
on a hill. Do not miss the Hawa Mahal, the tall facade with delicately
filigreed red sandstone.
Beyond Jaipur, in Rajasthan are fabulous towns with magnificent forts and
palaces that still reflect a feudal spirit Jodhpur, Jaisalmer, Bikaner and
Udaipur. Off the beaten track, discover the beauty of the desert on a camel
safari. Wander past colourful villages in the desert and sleep under a brilliant
starlit sky.
Feel like heading for the hills? There is an entire panorama of magical
retreats for you along the Himalayan ranges. Beautiful resorts in Himachal
Pradesh include Shimla, Kullu, Manali, Dharamsala, Dalhousie, Sarahan
and a whole range of scenic spots Kufri, Naldehra, Chail and Narkanda
around Shimla and Manikaran, Naggar, and Brighu Lake near Kullu and
Manali.
12
The heart of India, Madhya Pradesh, has an entire range of new experiences
for you - medieval cities like Gwalior, Orchha, Mandu, marvelously
carved temples at Khajuraho, little hill stations and the forests that Kipling
so faithfully described in his 'Jungle Book'.
Lucknow, the tine capital of Uttar Pradesh and an entire pilgrimage trail
along the holy river Ganga - Gangotri, Yamunotri, Rishikesh, Haridwar,
Allahabad, Varanasi, complete your circuit of northern India.
13
Tamil
Nadu
has
fascinating
towns
with
magnificent
temples
14
The state of Kerala along the west coast of the peninsula is a lush green
escape with beautiful beaches, historic port towns and pretty retreats in the
hills. Visit Thiruvananthapuram, the state capital. The Padmanabhaswamy
Temple, the unusual Napier Museum and the Chitra Art Gallery are some of
its attractions. The delightful beach resort at Kovalam and the famous
Padmanabhapuram Palace are close by. Explore the port town of Kochi. See
the old Jewish Synagogue, the Mattancherry Palace, St. Francis Church - the
oldest European church in the subcontinent and the Chinese fishing nets.
Visit Kumarakom set in the scenic backwater country and drift along the
serene waterways vaulted by coconut palms for a delightful break from
routine. The coral islands of Lakshadweep are easily accessible from
Kochi. Laze on its pristine beaches and go snorkeling in its crystal lagoons.
15
Take a toy train to the magnificent hill station of Darjeeling for an unusual
travel experience. Admire a panorama of some of the highest peaks in the
Himalayan ranges. Go onwards to Gangtok, the attractive capital of Sikkim.
16
Travel further north to the lush Brahmaputra Valley to Assam. Explore the
verdant unspoilt beauty of the hill states of the north east
Meghalaya,
17
Nalanda, Rajgir, Vaishali and Sarnath in Uttar Pradesh evoke the life of
the Enlightened One.
In Western India, you will find uncommon destinations & experiences that
delight. Mumbai, a major metropolis and the financial capital of India, is a
logical start to your perambulations.
Mumbai is dynamic and exciting. There are marvellous shopping arcades,
fine restaurants and art galleries. The Gateway of India, built in 1911 to
commemorate the visit of King George V and Queen Mary to the Delhi
Durbar, is a major landmark as also the imposing Taj Mahal Hotel close by.
The Prince of Wales Museum, the Jehangir Art Gallery, the various
churches, temples and shrines including the one of Haji Ali out on an island
linked by a causeway, are worth a glimpse. Take a boat ride out to the
Elephanta Island to see the marvellous rock cut caves noted for their huge
sculpted panels. Other interesting destinations close by include - the Kanheri
Caves, the beach resorts at Madh Island and Manori and the charming little
hill station of Matheran, all within easy reach.
Not far from Mumbai is the lovely hill resort of Mahabaleshwar,
picturesque during the monsoons with its lakes, waterfalls and wild flower
strewn landscapes. Pune is another exciting town located on the Deccan
Plateau, once the capital of Shivaji, the great Maratha ruler. Within easy
18
reach are splendid forts up on the fastness of hill tops well worth seeing.
Another treat is the charming Raja Dinkar Kelkar Museum. It has exhibits
that include traditional brassware, utensils, carved doorways and pillars.
Aurangabad, a historic city with various monuments from the time of the
Mughals, is a good base for visits to the magnificent Ajanta and Ellora
Caves, dating from about 200 BC to 800 AD. Many of these rocks cut caves
are embellished with exquisite paintings and carvings.
Goa is a fabulous getaway with its beautiful beaches. Picturesque villages
along the coast with white washed churches and red tiled houses set amidst
groves of coconut add charm to the landscape. Near Panaji is the Old
Portuguese capital of Velha Goa noted for its fine churches in the baroque
style. These include the Basilica of Bom Jesus, the magnificent Se Cathedral
and Church of St. Francis of Assisi.
The state of Gujarat offers interesting destinations the ancient port of Lothal
built about 4000 years ago, Ahmedabad, with its fine old residences and
museums; Vadodara, a centre for the arts and once the royal capital of
Gujarat; Palitana - an entire hill top encrusted in finely carved temples;
19
Somnath with its old temple and the picturesque little island retreat of Diu
close to the beach resort of Ahmedpur Mandvi.
"sustainable
development".
To get with global trends, India should shift its focus to promote rural
tourism. In India since most tourist sites are located at rural centers, the trend
towards an increase rural tourism in India.
Viewed from a distance, an Indian village may appear deceptively simple. A
cluster of mud-plastered walls shaded by a few trees, set among a stretch of
green or dun-colored fields, with a few people slowly coming or going,
oxcarts creaking, cattle lowing, and birds singing--all present an image of
20
harmonious
simplicity.
Indian city dwellers often refer nostalgically to "simple village life." City
artists portray colorfully garbed village women gracefully carrying water
pots on their heads, and writers describe isolated rural settlements unsullied
by the complexities of modern urban civilization. Social scientists of the past
wrote of Indian villages as virtually self-sufficient communities with few
ties
to
the
outside
world.
In actuality, Indian village life is far from simple. Each village is connected
through a variety of crucial horizontal linkages with other villages and with
urban areas both near and far. Most villages are characterized by a
multiplicity of economic, caste, kinship, occupational, and even religious
groups linked vertically within each settlement. Factionalism is a typical
feature of village politics. In one of the first of the modern anthropological
studies of Indian village life, anthropologist Oscar Lewis called this
complexity "rural cosmopolitanism."
In the west, and other developed countries, they call it Farm Tourism, as it
largely offers a 'back to nature' experience. Rural Tourism, the nomenclature
India has adopted, goes far beyond the western concept. India, it has been
aptly said, lives in its villages, and that is where a visitor can get the feel of
the real India. The official booklet on the subject says it succinctly. The
rural heartland of India, it points out, is home to an array of endowments,
each distinctive, with lifestyle redolent of art, craft, and culture and natural
heritage. Rural tourism thus connects the visitor from the frenetic present
21
with the traditional assets of communities whose domain lies off the beaten
track. It recognizes the role of women in civil society, the primacy of human
development and the preservation of heritage. This country has more
compelling reasons to aggressively promote rural tourism. One, is the
immense potential for employment of rural youth, the other, is that it could
check the rapid rural migration which is having an adverse effect on cities.
Besides, rural tourism could not only revive pride in rural life-styles, but
also help improve the quality of life in villages. And so, this segment of
tourism, though new to India and well established elsewhere, fits in with the
government's avowed policy of improving the lot of the rural masses.
The Ministry of Tourism, Government of India started the scheme to
promote Rural Tourism in order to popularize not only another form of
tourism that will attract both domestic and foreign visitors alike, but also to
provide opportunities to rural populace to improve their socio-economic
condition through the projects. Out of the many rural tourism projects that
have been sanctioned, Ministry of Tourism wished to evaluate selected 107
rural tourism projects spread across all the states in India, to understand the
effect that the rural tourism projects has made in the lives of the locals in the
villages and whether the tourists have been attracted by the distinctive
features of rural tourism.
Even before the tourism ministry had stirred in a big way, Haryana State,
bordering Delhi, had made a pioneering effort. It came out with a colour
brochure and an evocative theme. Opening with the famous quote from poet
Rabindranath Tagore on his brush with nature, it asked, When was the last
time you chased chickens, roamed in the fields with pure wind on your
facefound yourself jiggling up and down to the thrills of a bullock cart or
22
a tractor ride? Rural tourism, it added, seeks to awaken the child in you
to experience the unforgettable whiff of the countrysideto plant baby
seedsenjoy the delights of organic food and experience many spontaneous
joys
of
nature
that
you
may
never
have
known
before.
Initially, Haryana tourism began its foray into rural holidays in association
with a dozen or so farms around Delhi. They are located in the Faridabad,
Gurgaon, Rohtak and Karnal districts. To take just one example, there is the
Surjivan Farm, close to the Classic Golf Resort, 50km from Delhi. Spread
over fifty acres, it is based on the concept of 'back to nature', which the
Haryana brochure says includes nature living, nature food, nature care and
nature farming, with a breathtaking variety of plants. For accommodation,
it has ethnic huts, a dormitory and even conference facility. There are day
packages, overnight stays and group tariffs. Activities include a choice of
organic farming, herbal park excursions, orchards and vegetable gardens, a
village safari, cattle feeding, cow milking, camel rides and bonfires. Golf
and rock climbing can also be arranged.
Back to the big picture. Let us take a look at some of the villages chosen
under the tourism ministry's programme for rural tourism. Pochampally, in
Nalgonda district of Andhra Pradesh, only 50 km from Hyderabad, the state
capital, is the largest centre for Ikat, the intricate tie-and-dye craft for silk
and cotton weaving. Ikat is the process of resist dyeing with a sequence of
tying (or wrapping) and dyeing sections of bundled yarn to a predetermined
colour pattern, prior to weaving. In the Chitoor district, in the same state, is
Srikalahasti, synonymous with Kalamkari, the craft of hand painting with a
kalam, pen or stylus made of a sharp pointed pierced bamboo. The themes
23
are from the epics, flowers and birds. Woodcarvers form another skill group.
Srikalahastheeswara temple, on the banks of the river, also known as the
Dakshin Kasi (Varanasi of the South), is a big pilgrim centre. All these
attract
the
tourists
for
the
visit
performances.
24
villages are famous for their Mughal culinary delights and sweets.
Then there is Raghurajpur, in the Puri district of Orissa. The village has
resurrected the state's mural painting tradition. Though Patachitra is its best
known art form, the village artisans also display their other accomplishments
in palm leaf inscription, papier mache, sodhai work, cowdung toys, appliqu
and
filigree
work.
The travel industry, mainly in the south of India, is combining rural tourism
with the already established plantation tourism, which offers sojourns in a
choice of coffee, tea and spice villages.
26
domestic
&
international
tourists, Himachal
Pradesh
April to June when weather is mild and sunny and is perfect for
mountaineering or enjoying an idyllic nature walk. Himachal has a rich
heritage of handicrafts. These include woolen and pashmina shawls,
carpets, silver and metal ware, embroidered chappals, grass shoes, Kangra
and Gompa style paintings, wood work, horse-hair bangles, wooden and
metal utensils and various other house hold items.
BATAL
Batal is a village located at a distance of 4.6 kilometres from Arki. It lies at
the foot of Kunzum La Pass and serves as the resting point for the tourists
going to Kaza. One can view the beautiful Chandra River that flows near the
village. Moreover, Bara Shigri Glacier and triangular peaks in the south can
be seen from Batal. It serves as the base for rock climbing as well as
trekking. Losar, Gramphu and Chotta Shigri Glacier are situated in
proximity to Batal.
DIANLI(ORCHARD HOUSE)
Dianli in Himachal could be haven for those, planning to go for holidays.
Though the drive from Shimla is longer than what comfort dictates, the
flashing scenes of steep hills covered with a jigsaw of soft moss and snow,
and the leggy pines towering to the skies, are more than ample
compensation.
By passing Nerwa (5 km), taking the steep road to Dianli, you stumble upon
a fairytale house set amidst acres of thick forests, with steps of verdant lawn
dotted with vibrant flowers. Just perfect for some much-needed rest and
relaxation! Clear glass framed in natural finish wood with views of the
28
rolling hillside; green lawns dotted with patches of yellow-white lilies from
which a fat bee sips busily; slate roofs, wooden floors and a glowing
angeethi that's Dianli in all its splendor.
Each room is different in terms of dcor and size. The furnishings are simple
and basic with the accent on comfort. The kitchen is easily accessible with
doors leading inside the house and outside to the garden. Your privacy
remains intact as the cook whips up a meal and leaves quietly, with you
wondering where all that food came from! The charm of the farmhouse lies
in the picture-perfect glimpses of the valley and forests and the woody 'feel'
of the house, warmed by a simmering angeethi. The cozy ambience is quite
unlike anything you have experienced before and if you're lucky, you get a
chance to snuggle inside as the rain drums heavily outside.
month of March, crisp weather and low temperatures are needed for the
green shoots to sprout. Good rains, no pests, ample sunshine and a healthy
dose of luck results in an annual bumper crop. So buckle up and drive to
Rukhla to romance the apples!
which
has
been
acclaimed
for
its
natural
panorama.
of
fishing
can
also
be
savored.
The joint village of Paragpur and Garli act as gateways to several remote
villages that cradle the rich culture of Himachal Pradesh. Travel to Paragpur
30
and Garli and see the orchards and pastoral perfections that will instantly
bring a warm and beautiful smile to your face. Paragpur is just a four-hour
drive from Chandigarh via Ropar and Anandpur Sahib. It can also be
approached by train from Pathankot.
said
to
have
jumped
to
death
from
here.
important
temple
in
the
village
are Gauri
Shankar
temple and Tripura Sundari temple. For all the art buffs, there is a
museum called Roerich Museum, which was earlier the home of Russian
painter, Nikolai Reorich. Presently managed by Russian and Himachal
government, this museum houses the paintings of the painter himself.
For adventure seekers, the ideal choice would be trekking to the nearby
31
Kinnaur
The people of Kinnaur believe themselves to be the descendants of the
Pandavas of the great Hindu epic, Mahabharata. They also believe that their
ancestors were somewhere between men and god and had supernatural
powers.
From the riotous green of the Sangla Valley filled with orchards of apricots,
peaches, chilgozas and apples to the magnificent desolation of the Hangrang
Valley, Mother Nature's portrait is an ever changing one in Kinnaur. This
land lying on the ancient trade route between India and Tibet, ringed by the
majestic mountain of the Himalayan and Dhauladhar range is the land of
plenty.
The gushing rivers of Kinnaur abound in Trout-the angler's prize catch, their
waters have over the centuries chiseled beautiful gorges across this
picturesque land and nurtured one of the most unique societies on there
banks. In the lush land live the descendants of the Kinners-the demi gods of
the Hindu pantheon, whose deeds have been immortalized in epics and the
poems of ancient Sanskrit poets.
Tourists coming to Kinnaur have a lot to see and do. There are beautiful
natural surroundings to relax and refresh. Nearly every village of the district
has a gompa or a temple. Moreover, since Kinnaur is located on the Indo Tibet border, their culture and lifestyle is a considerable mix of both.
32
33
Hoshiarpur
Hoshiarpur is a small and a quiet town in the Doaba region of Punjab. It is
right in the heart of Punjab. It is located in the lap of the Shiwalik and is
considered the greenest of the districts of the state. Lot of the people of this
region are settled abroad. So because of that lot of foreign money comes
back to Punjab. Doaba is considered to be the richest and the most
developed belt of Punjab. It is also known as the citrus belt of this region
.The handicrafts from Hoshiarpur are very popular and are exported to
various countries. Astrologers in Hoshiarpur are very famous around the
world. They are called the Bhrigu Pandits the Bhrigus are from one
particular family who predict your future based on the script of Brigu
Sanghita.
34
Amritsar
Amritsar is known as the Mecca of the Sikhs. The Golden Temple founded
by Guru Ramdas the 4th guru of the Sikhs in the year 1579 and completed
by the 5th guru Arjun Dev who also enshrined in it the holy book of Sikhs
the Guru Granth Sahib. Amritsar is also known for its food and hospitality.
The Wagah border, the border with Pakistan is about 30 kms. from the holy
city and offers a retreat by the soldiers of both India and Pakistan at the same
time and is worth seeing as it is open for public.
Kila Raipur
The village of Kila Raipur, near Ludhiana, is known for its rural
Olympics. Various sports and feats of strength are performed at the
annual rural games held at this village.
35
Baroli
Baroli is located on the route that leads to Rana Pratap Sagar from Kota. It is
situated to the south-west of Kota, at a distance of around 45 km. The place
36
offers
serene
and
calm
ambience.
Shahpura
Shahpura is located 55 km from Bhilwara on the Jahaipur-Devli Road. This
place is popular for being the main centre for International Ramsnehi
Sampraday and for the Barhat family who took a great part in Indias
freedom struggle. Besides, there is a 700 year old Far Painting in Shahpura
and many local panters from here have won national acclamations for their
art.
Shahpura is a place of pilgrimage for the followers of the Ram Snehi sect.
Founded in 1804 they have a shrine in the town called Ramdwara. The chief
priest there is the head of the sect. Pilgrims from all over the World visit the
shrine throughout the year. Shahpura is well known for Ram Snehi's
Ramdwara. There is famous fair called PHOOLDOL MELA. is for 5 dsys
after
Holi.
by
Ramdwara
Temple.
In the middle of city the temple of Charbhuja NATH is situated and also A
HANUMAN TEMPLE called by BALAJI KI CHATRI is near by the
famous Charbhuja temple. There are 8 Prachin Jain Temples of which 4
belong to SWETAMBER SAMPRADAYA and 4 to the DIGAMBER
SAMPRADAYA.
37
Jeenmata
Jeenmata village has an ancient temple devoted to Goddess Jeen Mata. It is
believed to have been constructed around 1,000 years ago in the
architectural styles of Rajput clans, namely Pratihar and Chauhan.
The temple has twenty four pillars that are carved with figures. The idol of
Goddess Jeen Mata enshrined in the temple has eight arms. An annual fair is
held on the occasion of Navratri in the months of Chaitra and Ashwin.
eenmata is a village of religious importance in Sikar district of
Rajasthan, India. It is located at a distance of 29 km from Sikar town in
south. The population of town is 4359 out of which 1215 are SC and 113 ST
people. There is an ancient Temple dedicated to Jeen Mata (Goddess of
Power). The sacred shrine of Jeenmata is believed to be a thousand years
old. Millions of devotees assemble here for a colourful festival held twice in
a year in the month of Chaitra and Ashvin during the Navratri. There are a
number of dharamshalas to accommodate large number of visitors. Just close
to this temple her brother Harsh Bhairav nath's temple is situated on the top
of the hill.
Guda Bishnoi
Guda Bishnoi Village is located at a distance of 25 km from the main city of
Jodhpur. In this tribal village, natural beauty is evident from Khejri trees and
38
deer. Deer herds, peacocks and migratory birds are common sights in the
village. Deriving its name from 'bish', which means twenty, and 'noi',
meaning nine, the village is home to black bucks, antelopes, chinkaras,
peacocks
and
cranes.
Lake
attracts
numerous
migratory
birds
like
cranes.
MandawaVillage
Located in the semidesert region lies in the triangular area between Delhi,
Jaipur and Bikaner. Famous for its painted havelis (mansions) is also called
as Open-Air Gallery of Rajasthan". In the heart of the Shekhawati region of
Rajasthan lays the beautiful small town Mandawa, known throughout the
state for its forts and havelis. The structures of this place remind one of the
cultural and social hotspot this place used to be in the bygone era.
Mandawa provides the visitors with a sense of discovery at every turn;
battlements that offer spectacular views of the town below, a whimsical
peacock weather van, and an arched window that overlooks the verdant
garden visited by peacocks. Most importantly, the fact that no two rooms are
alike in the palace here. In the zenana or women's quarters, one room offers
antique murals, another has a marble fountain, and the turret room boasts of
walls that are seven feet thick. Looking out from the window of the turret
39
room, it is easy to imagine the marauding bandits that once roamed freely
here. Little wonder then that the family crest contains the motto, 'Veer
Bhogya Vasundhara', which translates into 'the brave shall inherit the earth'.
Haveli, and Harikrishnan Das Sarogi Haveli apart from a 17th century baoli.
The Land of the Legends, stands bordered by Pakistan and Rajasthan in the
north east, Madhya Pradesh in the east, and Maharashtra and the Union
territories of Diu, Daman, Dadra and Nagar Haveli in the south. The Arabian
Sea borders the state both to the west and the south west.
The State took its name from the Gujjars, who ruled the area during the
700s and 800s. Stone Age settlements around Sabarmati and Mahi rivers
indicate the same time as that of the Indus Valley Civilization while
Harappan centres are also found at Lothal, Rampur, Amri and other places.
41
Rock Inscriptions in the Girnar Hills show that the Maurya Emperor Ashoka,
extended his domain into Gujarat in about 250 BC. With its fall, the control
of the region came under the Sakas or Scythians.
Muli
Muli is a small village located in Malu Taluka of the Surendranagar District.
The village is famous for its 250 years old Dudhai Vadwala Temple, which is
popular
among
the
Rabari
community.
Muli also has the Swaminarayan Temple built by Brahmanand Swami. The
Mandavrayji Temple, Meladi Mata Temple and 140 years old Bileshwar
Mahedev Temple of Umarada are other attractions here.
Dandi
Dandi is a village along the shores of the Arabian Sea and is popular for the
Salt Satyagraha led by Mahatma Gandhi. One of the major attractions of this
village is a pillar called Kirti that is believed to have been constructed in the
memory
of
Mahatma
Gandhi.
Another attraction of the village is the Safe Villa, which was constructed in
1961 and served as the residence of Mahatma Gandhi. There is a library and
a museum in the villa that display various artefacts and pictures belonging to
Gandhiji. The village also has a dargah called Mai Saheba Mazar.
42
Unai
Unai village, situated in Vasanda Taluka of Navsari District, is popular for
various hot water reservoirs. It is believed that Lord Rama called many
Brahmins for a yagna here. For fulfilling the need of hot water of the
Brahmins, he shot an arrow in the land that resulted in producing a flow of
hot water of River Ganges. The Unai Mataji Temple in the village has an
idol of Ushar Ambaji installed by Lord Rama's consort, Sita.
Dasada
Dasada is a village famous for the Vejanath Mahadev Temple. The village is
the birthplace of Vanroj Chavda, son of a Jayshikhari king. Vachhraj Bet,
Zinguwada Gate, Ghudkhar Sanctuary, Rajeshwari Mata Temple and Sava
Bhagat Piplidham are some of the popular attractions of the village.
43
ASSAM
National Park, Dibru-Saikhowa National Parketc. The climate is subtropical. Assam experiences the Indian monsoon and has one of the highest
forest densities in India. The winter months are the best time to visit.
Dibrugarh
Dibrugarh lies in the upper reaches of Assam, about 435 km away from
Guwahati, in the south west. Located on the banks of the River
Brahmaputra, Dibrugarh, along with Sibsagar and Tinsukia accounts for
almost 50% of the total tea production of Assam. In fact, Dibrugarh is
sometimes referred to as the Tea City of India, because of the high
production of tea in the region.Dibrugarh has had a fluctuating relationship
with
the
River
Brahmaputra
The tourist attractions in Dibrugarh mainly comprise of the tea garden tours.
A cruise in the Brahmaputra River is also possible here. The city enjoys a
pleasant weather throughout the year. The average temperature during the
summer months here is 30 Celsius while the winter temperature stays at
about 10-12 Celsius.
Tezpur
Tezpur is located in Sonitpur district in the state of Assam. Apart from being
an administrative and educational centre of Assam, it is recognised as an
ancient city and a major base for the Indian Army and Air force. The city is
also known as the main commercial hub of Assam. Tezpur has great
45
of
the
city
was
Sonitpur
Tinsukia
Tinsukias vibrant history comprises of numerous ancient festivals such as
Shapawang Yawng Manau Poi, Bihu, Ali-Aye-Ligang, Tuluni and Saghi
which are celebrated with great zeal. Shapawang Yawng Manau Poi is
known to be the most famous folk dance festival and is held on the 14th of
February every year. Assamese, Bengali and Hindi are the major languages
spoken in the region.
With an economy based on agriculture, plantation and forestry, the Tinsukia
District is known for orange cultivation. Besides, the other crops grown here
include tea, ginger and rice paddy. One of the major tourist spots of Tinsukia
46
is the Dibru-Saikhowa National Park which attracts bird watchers from all
over the world. This national park is also the natural habitat for the feral
horse and is open to visitors from the month of November to the month of
April.
KERALA
Kerala, India's most advanced society: With hundred percent literacy. Worldclass health care systems. India's lowest infant mortality and highest life
expectancy rates. The highest physical quality of life in india. Peaceful and
pristine, Kerala is India's cleanest state. The panoramic and peaceful village
settings of Kerala are a treat to the senses of any traveler visiting the state.
Village can explore the rural environs of Kerala and discover the rustic
lifestyle of the people. Green stretches of paddy farms, villagers reaping the
harvest in the fields, womenfolk in the hamlets weaving coir and cane
baskets, ducks paddling by the streams and many more scenic sights, along
with the smell of fresh air and the sounds of nature entertain the tourist in
Kerala.
47
Also incorporated in these village tours are trips to tribal settlements and
places of local interest. Kerala villages nestled in the green lap of nature
surrounded by picturesque landscape made up of hillside valleys, river banks
and mangrove woods contribute to making a memorable vacation for the
tourists especially those traveling from the din and bustle of the city who
find the tranquil atmosphere very relaxing.
Kuttikanam
Kuttikanam tourism hill station, renowned for its misty atmosphere, is
situated very close to Peermade hill station in kerala. Kuttikanam hill station
stands at an altitude of more than 1000 meters above the sea level.
Kuttikanam plantation town is surrounded by lush-green hills, plantations of
coffee, tea, coconut, pepper, cardamom, rubber and eucalyptus. The
gorgeous green grasslands and the pine forests add to the rich flora of
kuttikanam tourism. Clouds gently touch the peaks that flank the verdant
slops of kuttikanam hill station. Indeed, the streams silvering down from the
top hill peaks will fill your hearts with warm feelings. The place is known as
Keralas Own Ooty as it is covered with mist all round the year. The climate
is always pleasant. The place is very easy to reach; it is beside NH 220 on
the way to Thekkady from Cochin. The place is connected by a network of
roads from all the places. Around kuttikanam tourism village there are many
places worth seeing.
Vagamon
48
Kollam
To the north of thiruvananthapuram comes the kollam tourism district.
Considered as the gateway to the backwaters of Kerala, the kollam tourism
district takes the credit for being the hub of the countrys cashew trading and
processing industry. It was formerly a renowned trading point for spice. The
kollam tourism district is a leading center for fishing in Kerala and is home
to the largest fresh water lake in Kerala Sasthamcotta. A kerala houseboat
cruise starting from the Ashtamudi backwaters in Kollam to backwater
networks in the adjoining district of alappuzha, kumarakom and further is a
delightful experience. The list of hotel in kollam are aquasserenne hotel
kollam, Land mark hotel kollam etc.
Trivandrum
There are a number of tourist attractions in trivandrum tourism district,
kerala India. A must on every tourist itinerary for Trivandrum, the
49
50
KARANATAKA
powerful dynasties, the state has across the centuries, carried a legacy of art
and culture.
Karnataka has hosted and continues to host a wide melting pot cultural
community. Along with the native Kannadigas, Kodavas, Tuluvas, Konkanis
and several tribal sects have, across the centuries, lent colour and content to
the vibrant culture the state calls its own. Karnataka is also home to the
largest Tibetan settlement in South India. The recent past has seen a more
inclusive populace with a large expatriate community making a beeline for
the capital city of Bangalore.
Hampi
Hampi is a laid back village that was the last capital of Vijayanagar, one of
the greatest Hindu kingdoms in Indias history. It has some extremely
captivating ruins, intriguingly intermingled with large boulders that rear up
all over the landscape.
The ruins, which date back to the 14th century, stretch for just over 25
kilometers (10 miles) and comprise more than 500 monuments. The most
striking monument is the Vittala Temple, dedicated to Lord Vishnu. Its main
hall has 56 pillars that make musical sounds when struck.An incredible
energy can be felt at Hampi. The sunrise and sunset over the village, viewed
from atop the central Matanga Hill, are truly magical and are not to be
missed.
Gokarna
Gokarna is a small and remote holy town, with four of India's most secluded
and pristine beaches nestled nearby. It draws both pious pilgrims and
hedonistic holiday makers with equal enthusiasm. Travel to Gokarna to get a
52
feel for what Goa was like in its heyday, although time is limited as
developers are already seeing the potential of this area. Gokarna experiences
the southwest monsoon from June to August, following which the weather
becomes dry and sunny. The best time to visit Gokarna is from October until
March, when the weather is warm and pleasant with temperatures averaging
32 degrees Celsius
Gokarna's main attraction is its beaches, where people come to chill and
soak up the sun for months at a time. As Gokarna is one of the most sacred
holy towns for Hindus in south India, there are also some important temples
to see.
Ramanagara
Ramanagara is about 50 km south-west of Bangalore is a newly formed
district of Karnataka. Ramanagara was carved out of the existing Bangalore
Rural district by moving the taluks of Channapatna, Kanakapura,
Ramanagara
and
Magadi
taluks
into
the
new
district.
Ramanagar is situated in a valley surrounded by rocky hillocks on Bangalore
- Mysore Highway. Ramanagar was earlier known as Closepet. But the
present name, of Ramanagara finds its origin from the once existed village
Ramagiri
foothill
of
the
Ramadevarabetta.
Ramanagara is famous for its silk market, giving it the other name of Silk
town. Ramanagar is also known as the land of seven hills. Shivaramagiri,
Yatirajagiri,
Somagiri,
Krishnagiri,
Revannasiddeshwara
Betta,
Jalasiddeshwara Betta and Sidilakallu Betta are the seven hills that dot the
landscape of Ramanagara.
Savandurga
Savandurga is a hill located at a distance of 60 km west of Bangalore. It is
also known as Magadi Hills. The hill is famous for a temple and is also
believed to be among the largest monolith hills in the world. The
Savandurga hills are frequently visited by pilgrims who come to visit the
Basaveshwara, Savandi Veerabhadreshwara Swamy and Narasimha Swamy
temple situated at the foothills. At the foothill there is a village by the same
53
name and the forest around has been stated as reserved forest and there is
protected garden of the Herbs of medicinal interest.
century AD. The pristine lakes and amazing range of wildlife are the main
focuses for the nature lovers in this city. Located in Chittoor, Tirupati is
located on the southeastern part of the state. It is one of the most popular
pilgrimage centers for the Hindus.
Srikalahasti
Srikalahasti is a holy town and a municipality near Tirupati in the Indian
state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located on the banks of the river Swarnamukhi.
The climatic conditions, availability of dyestuffs and clean flowing water
from the river Swarnamukhi makes Srikalahasti an ideal place for Kalamkari
production. Today there are 150 craftsmen practicing this ancient craft. The
mythology is the main source of themes. The panels are drawn from the
Ramayana, Mahabharata and from Bhagavat Gita. Normally a big story
panel is segmented into many smaller sections.
Konaseema
Konaseema village in East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh, situated in the
Godavari delta between rivers Goutami and Vasishta. A beautiful land of
coconut gardens magnificent landscape, artistic temples that brings alive the
55
varied charm of Nature INDIA has emerged as the latest hotspot of tourists.
Whether you're travelling by train, boat or bus, a glance at the surrounding
countryside is enough to capture the cultural wealth and geographical variety
of this paradise on earth.
Chinchinada
Chinchinada is a Village in Elamanchili Mandal in West Godavari District in
Andhra Pradesh State . Chinchinada is 1.5 km far away from Mandal Main
Town Elamanchili. The vibrant lifestyle of picturesque coastal Andhra.
Chinchinada is a typical rural village having dense coconut groves, fish
ponds and prawn culture ponds.
Puttaparthi
Puttaparthi is a town situated in the Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh.
It was also the residence of the notable spiritual teacher Sathya Sai Baba.
The town's main attraction is Baba's Prasanthi Nilayam ashram, the presence
of which has given a huge boost to the local economy, in the form of hotels,
lodges, restaurants and shops which are largely frequented by visitors to
Prasanthi Nilayam
56
Welcome to Maharashtra. A land whose sheer size and diversity will stun
you. Enjoy her mountains that stretch out into the mists as far as the eye can
see. Her innumerous forts that stand proud and strong. Her scores of
temples, sculpted into and out of basalt rock.
Maharashtra diverse and colourful cultures, woven into one gigantic quilt.
Her festivals that galvanise the sleepy thousands into fervent motion. And
her miles of silver, white beaches, stretched taut and inviting over the entire
coast. Welcome aboard a travel package that gives you a glimpse into this
vibrant and beautiful land.
Maharashtra - The most fascinating region of India. It is the state with rich
heritage culture and is a land of intense spirituality and religious faith.
Maharashtra has to its credit pilgrimage centers with great landmarks in the
evolution of Indian Temple architecture.
57
Trimbakeshwar
The village of Trimbak, 36 kms from Nashik, is famous for the
Trimbakeshwar Temple and as the source of the Godavari River.
Trimbakeshwar enshrines one of the 12 jyotirlingas dedicated to Shiva and
this
one
is
considered
to
be
the
main jyotirlinga.
Legend has it that Guatam Rishi performed a rigorous ritual of prayer and
penance or tapasya to Shiva on Brahmagiri Hill which rises above the
present-day temple. Pleased with this devotion, Shiva is said to have blessed
him and brought down to earth from heaven the sacred rivers of Ganga,
Gautami and Godavari.
Bhandardara
Bhandardara is a place which is particularly beautiful after the rains. Located
around 70 kms from Nashik, a picturesque and quiet drive will get you
there. Built in 1926, the Bhandardara Dam is one of the oldest dams in Asia
and is known for its Umbrella Falls - an arresting sight. There is another
waterfall known as the Randha Falls which is about 11 kms from the dam.
Scaling the well-known Kalsubai Peak, the highest peak of Maharashtra
state on the Sahyadri range, standing 1,646 metres above sea level, is a
good trek.
Jawhar
58
Ganapatipule
Ganapatipule is a small village in Maharashtra which has a long stretch of
beautiful beaches. A beach itself named Ganapatipule is the most beautiful
and stunning of all the beaches. Sun kissed beaches and lush greenery seem
to be in an eternal love affair in chaste lands of Ganapatipule. There are also
some water sports facilities here. Besides, a Ganpati (Lord Ganesha) temple
is also located at the beach.
59
60
61
The integrated method that will bring prosperity to rural India is called
PURA or Providing Urban Amenities to Rural Areas. This envisages four
connectivitys: physical connectivity through quality roads and transport;
electronic connectivity through telecom with high bandwidth fiber optic
cables; knowledge connectivity through education, skill training for farmers,
artisans and craftsmen and entrepreneurship programmes.
PURA in action
I have visited many rural areas, and seen working systems of PURA such as
the Gujarat-BAIF model and the Vallam Periyar PURA model near
Thanjavur. I have also recently visited tsunami-affected villages of
Nagapattinam and suggested the implementation of coastal PURA to the
district administration.
The Bharatiya Agro-Industries Foundation (BAIF) is an integrated village
cluster development programme in two village clusters, Chonda and
Lachakadi, in south Gujarat. Every summer, tribal people used to migrate to
nearby towns. The BAIF model was installed in these two villages with the
cooperation of the people and the participation of state authorities. Water
harvesting was undertaken. Every home was provided with livestock and
also a market for milk. Simultaneously, fruit orchards were established with
various fruitcrops such as cashew and mangoes, tolerant to drought? Today,
the tribal population is harvesting crops, packaging and carrying milk to
different supply points.
62
CHAPTER-3
ANALYSIS &
INTERPRETATION
OF DATA
63
64
YEAR
FTAs IN India
(in millions)
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
MEAN
2.37
2.36
2.48
2.65
2.54
2.38
2.73
3.46
3.92
4.45
5.08
5.28
5.17
5.78
6.29
6.58
3.97
Percentage(%)
change over the
previous year
3.8
-0.7
5.2
6.7
-4.2
-6.0
14.3
26.8
13.3
13.5
14.3
4.0
-2.2
11.8
8.9
4.3
7.12
65
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Foreign exchange
earnings from
tourism in India (in
US$ million)
2889
2948
3009
3460
3198
3103
4463
6170
7493
8634
10729
11832
11136
14193
16564
67
Percentage(%)
change over the
previous year
2.0
2.0
2.1
15.0
-7.6
-3.0
43.8
38.2
21.4
15.2
24.3
10.3
-5.9
27.5
16.7
2012
MEAN
17737
US$7972.375
7.1
13.07
68
Calculated mean of the table came out to be US$7972.375 for the foreign
tourist arrival in India and the mean of percentage change over the
previous year is 13.07
State
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Maharashtra
Tamil Nadu
Delhi
Uttar Pradesh
Rajasthan
West Bengal
Bihar
Kerala
Karnataka
Himachal Pradesh
Total of top 10
Others
Total
Number of
tourists
5120287
3561740
2345980
1994495
1451370
1219610
1096933
793696
595359
500284
18679754
2051741
20731495
Percentage
share (%)
24.7
17.2
11.3
9.6
7.0
5.9
5.3
3.8
2.9
2.4
90.1
9.9
100.0
70
1997-98
1998-99
1999-2000
2000-01
2001-02
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
MEAN
BUDGET
ESTIMATE (Rs.
Cr.)
110.35
160.50
160.50
135.00
150.00
290.00
350.50
560.00
870.00
953.00
1000.00
1000.00
1050.00
522.296
EXPENDITURE
98.14
110.46
109.71
124.48
146.43
285.67
342.36
535.23
833.21
951.81
980.47
934.48
997.13
496.12
72
73
CHAPTER-4
74
CONCLUSION &
RECOMMONDATATIONS
CONCLUSION
RURAL TOURISM known the world over as the land of hospitality is
today in the defining stages of the business of hospitality. While the
possibilities for growth are immense, it will take an earnest effort, both from
the industry's key stakeholders in the private sector and the relevant
government bodies to truly change the hospitality's landscape in the years
ahead. Perhaps, the industry is in need of a champion who will work towards
the several reforms and ideas discussed in this article with the same zeal and
enthusiasm as is characteristic of our industry's service culture. The ten
influencers discussed in this article are but a drop in the ocean. Hospitality
75
has come a long way since 2000; however, it has a steep climb ahead and
HVS looks forward to being an integral part of this journey.
Rural Tourism is essentially an activity which takes place in the
countryside.
It is multifaceted and may entail farm/agricultural tourism, cultural tourism,
nature tourism, adventure tourism, and eco tourism. As against conventional
tourism, rural tourism has certain typical characteristics: It is experienceoriented; the locations are less populated, it is predominantly in natural
environments and it is based on the preservation of culture, heritage and
traditions.
.
The scheme of Rural Tourism was started by the Ministry of Tourism in
2002-03 with the objective of highlighting rural life, art, culture and heritage
at rural locations and in villages which have core competence in art, craft,
handloom, textiles and natural environment. The intention was to benefit the
local community economically and socially as well as to enable interaction
between tourists and local population for a mutually enriching experience.
The promotion of village tourism was also aimed towards generating
revenue for rural communities through tourist visits, which may stop exodus
from rural to urban areas.
Infrastructural Development for Rural Tourism
Rural Tourism can be harnessed as a strategy for rural development. The
development of a strong platform around the concept of Rural Tourism is
definitely useful for a country like India where almost 74 per cent of the
population resides in its 7 million villages. On the other hand, the growing
trend of urbanization has led to falling of income levels, lesser job
76
CHALLENGES
The major challenges of Rural Tourism are viz. need to preserve the
environment and natural resources, the need for education, proper
understanding for both tourists and local people, and the need to generate a
democratic movement which helps people at all levels to participate in
tourism development.
Also they need to focus on occupation training, handicraft promotion, and
improvement of both the landscape and the basic infrastructure, to increase
the quality of life of villagers by creating a healthy environment. The
cooperative system in Rural Tourism can be an effective approach in
77
bringing positive impact in rural areas. Local people can monitor and control
the negative impacts of tourism on their own society, if they have an equal
stake and authority in management and
development.
. Rural Tourism projects at 186 villages in 29 States/Union Territories have
been sanctioned by the Ministry of Tourism since the inception of the
scheme of these sites are located in the NorthEastern region. A total amount
of Rs.55.40 crores was sanctioned for Rural Tourism projects during the 11th
Five Year Plan.
Projects at 90 sites have been completed by December 2012. During the
Twelfth Five Year Plan, the scheme of Rural Tourism is being replaced with
the scheme of Rural Tourism Cluster. The Modified scheme aims at
developing a cluster of villages a Tourism Product
RECOMMENDATIONS
Below are some suggestions to help promote growth of rural tourism in
India-
78
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTERNET
1. www.google.com
2. www.ask.com
3. http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-rural-tourism-in-indiaa-complete-guide-1855598
4. http://tourism.gov.in/Default.aspx
5. http://www.indiastat.com/default.aspx
MAGAZINE
79
1)Travel Times
2)First City
NEWSPAPER
1)The Times of India
2)Hindustan Times
80