Adulterants

AIM:
To study some of the common

food adulterants in different food
stuffs.
INTRODUCTION
Adulteration is the act of intentionally debasing the
quality
of
food offered for sale either by mixture or substitution of inferior

substances or by the removal of some valuable ingredient. In past
few decades adulteration of food has become one of the most
serious problems.
Consumption of adulterated food causes diseases like cancer,
asthma,
ulcer,
etc.
Majority
of
adulterants
used by
the
shopkeepers are cheap substitutes which are easily available.

In
order
to
prevent
by dishonest traders,
adulteration
of
food
products
the government has issued The
Prevention of Food Adulteration Act.

The Bureau of Indian Standards is the agency in India that
provides
India.
the certificate of reliability to food manufacturers in
EXPERIMENT 1:
AIM:
To test the presence of adulterants in Sugar, Chilli powder,
Turmeric powder & Pepper.
APPARATUS:
Test-tubes, beakers, test-tube stand, dropper, glass rod etc.
CHEMICALS REQUIRED:
For sugar dil. H2SO4, water, sample of sugar.
For chilli powder dil. HNO3, KI solution, sample of chilli powder.
For turmeric powder conc. HCl, sample of turmeric powder.
For pepper water, sample of pepper.
PROCEDURE:
1)Tests for Sugar:
(a) Take a small amount of sugar in a beaker & add some amount
of water to it. Stir the solution with a glass rod. Pure sugar
dissolves in the water whereas the insoluble particles (chilli
powder, washing powder etc.) floats on the surface indicates the
presence of adulterants.
(b) Take 1 g of sugar in a test-tube & add few drops of dil. HCl to
it. A brisk effervescence due to the formation of CO 2 indicates
chalk powder or washing soda in the given sample of sugar.
2) Tests for Chilli powder:

(a) Take a small amount of chilli powder in a test-tube & add few
drops of dil. HNO3 to the test-tube. Shake the mixture well & filter
the solution. To the filtrate, add 2-3 drops, of 10% KI solution. The
presence of yellow coloured precipitate indicates the presence of
lead salts in chilli powder.
(b) Take a small amount of given red chilli powder in a beaker &
add water to it. The pure chilli powder floats over the surface of
water whereas brick powder settles at the bottom.
3) Tests for Turmeric powder:

Take a small amount of turmeric powder in a test-tube & to this
add few drops of conc. HCl. The colour changes from yellow to
violet or magenta indicates the presence of lead salts in turmeric
powder.
4) Tests for Pepper:

Take a small amount of pepper in a beaker & add water to it. Stir
the mixture with a glass rod. Dried papaya seeds float over water
& pepper settles at the bottom.
OBSERVATIONS & RESULTS:

S.No
1.
FOOD
PARTICLE
Sugar
COMMON
ADULTERANT
Washing soda or
Chalk powder
TEST
Sample of sugar add dil.
HCl brisk effervescence
indicates presence of
washing soda or chalks
powder.
2.
Red chilli
powder
Brick powder or
dyes
Red chilli powder in a

beaker + distilled
powder, Brick powder
settle down in the
bottom, appearance of
red colour indicate the
presence of dyes.
3.
Pepper
Dried papaya seeds Sample + water = dried

papaya, seed floats over
the surface of water, pure
pepper settle down.
4.
Turmeric
powder
Yellow chalk powder. Sample Turmeric powder

+ 2 ml HCl = brisk
effervescences indicate
presence of chalk
powder.
S.NO FOOD
.
PRODUCT
COMMON
ADULTERANT
1.
Black
pepper
Dried papaya seeds Stomach irritation, liver

damage, cancer.
3.
Chilli powder Brick powder,

artificial colour
Liver damage, stomach

irritation.
4.
Sugar
Stomach disorder.
Fine white sand,

chalk powder, rawa
DISEASES CAUSED
PRECAUTIONS
By taking a few precautions, we can escape from consuming
adulterated products:
1. Take only packed items of well known companies.
2. Buy items from reliable retail shops and recognized outlets.
3. Check the ISI mark or Ag mark.

4. Buy products of only air tight popular brands.
5. Avoid craziness for artificially coloured sweets and buy only
from reputed shops.
6. Do not buy sweets or snacks kept in open.
7. Avoid buying things from street side vendors.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
www.scribd.com
NCERT BOOK CLASS XII
ABDs Laboratory Skills Chemistry Class

XII
(Arya book depot)
( Dr. N.P. Dhaka , Mrs. Kiran Kumar )

Adulterants

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Adulterants

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AIM:

To study some of the common

food offered for sale either by mixture or substitution of inferior

shopkeepers are cheap substitutes which are easily available.

the government has issued The

Prevention of Food Adulteration Act.

the certificate of reliability to food manufacturers in

2) Tests for Chilli powder:

3) Tests for Turmeric powder:

4) Tests for Pepper:

OBSERVATIONS & RESULTS:

Red chilli powder in a

Dried papaya seeds Sample + water = dried

Yellow chalk powder. Sample Turmeric powder

Dried papaya seeds Stomach irritation, liver

Chilli powder Brick powder,

Liver damage, stomach

Fine white sand,

3. Check the ISI mark or Ag mark.

NCERT BOOK CLASS XII

ABDs Laboratory Skills Chemistry Class

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