Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Oxidation Numbers
Oxidation Numbers
F321
OXIDATION NUMBERS
Used to
Atoms and
simple ions
atoms
Na in Na =
cations
Na in Na+ = +1
anions
Cl in Cl
Q.1
Molecules
= 1
b) Fe3+
c) S2-
d) Cu
e) Cu2+
f) Cu+
Elements
H in H2
= 0
Compounds
C in CO2
= +4
and
O = -2
+4
and
2(-2) = 0
Q.2
If the oxidation number of O is -2, state the oxidation number of the other element in...
a) SO2
b) SO3
(c) NO
d) NO2
e) N2O
f) MnO2
g) P4O10
h) Cl2O7
www.XtremePapers.net
KNOCKHARDY PUBLISHING 2008
F321
The sum of the oxidation numbers adds up to the charge on the ion
Complex
ions
in SO42-
Example
S = +6 , O = -2 [ i.e. +6 + 4(-2) = -2 ]
Metals
HYDROGEN (+1)
except
0
-1
OXYGEN
(-2)
except
0
-1
+2
FLUORINE (-1)
except
Al is +3
Mn can be +2,+4,+6,+7
Cl is usually -1
Cl can be +1, +3, +5, +7
www.XtremePapers.net
KNOCKHARDY PUBLISHING 2008
Q.3
F321
Ba
Pb
Mn
Cr
State the most common and the maximum oxidation number in compounds of...
Li
Br
Sr
COMMON
MAXIMUM
Q.4
NH3
NO2
NH4+
IF7
Cl2O7
MnO42-
NO3
NO2
SO32-
S2O32-
S4O62-
Q.5
C=
PCl3
H=
CS2
C=
Mg =
ICl5
H=
I=
H3PO4
MgCO3
H=
N=
Cl =
BrF3
Cl =
Cl =
H2SO4
NCl3
Cl =
S=
MgCl2
P=
Br =
F=
NH4Cl
N=
P=
H=
O=
Cl =
Mg =
SOCl2
S=
S=
C=
O=
O=
O=
Cl =
www.XtremePapers.net
KNOCKHARDY PUBLISHING 2008
F321
REDOX REACTIONS
O.S.
Redox
+7
Oxidation
+6
Reduction
+5
+4
+3
REDUCTION in O.N.
+2
+1
0
-1
INCREASE in O.N.
-2
-3
O
X
I
D
A
T
I
O
N
-4
-5
-6
-7
OIL RIG
Q.6
Q.7
b) O2- > O
c) Al3+ > Al
f) 2Q > Q2
What change takes place in the oxidation state of the underlined element ?
Classify the change as oxidation (O), reduction (R) or neither (N).
a) NO3 > NO
c) CH4 > CO
h) H2O2 > O2
www.XtremePapers.net
KNOCKHARDY PUBLISHING 2008
R
E
D
U
C
T
I
O
N
F321
1 Work out the formula of the species before and after the change;
2 If different numbers of the relevant species are on both sides, balance them
3 Work out the oxidation number of the element before and after the change
4 Add electrons to one side of the equation so the oxidation numbers balance
5 If the charges on all the species (ions and electrons) on either side of the
equation do not balance, add H+ ions to one side to balance the charges
6 If the equation still doesnt balance, add sufficient water molecules to one side
Fe2+
Step 3
+2
Step 4
Fe2+
>
Fe3+
+3
>
Fe3+
now balanced
Q.8
Steps 1/2
MnO4 >
Mn2+
Step 3
+7
+2
Step 4
MnO4 + 5e
>
Step 5
Step 6
Mn2+
Mn2+
Mn2+
>
C2O42-
>
2CO2
H2O2
>
O2
H2O2
>
H2O
Cr2O72-
>
Cr3+
SO42-
>
SO2
www.XtremePapers.net
KNOCKHARDY PUBLISHING 2008
4H2O
now balanced
F321
Step
Example
Step 1
Fe2+
>
Fe3+ +
Step 2
5Fe2+
Mn2+ + 4H2O
> 5Fe3+ + 5e
+
MnO4 + 5e + 8H
Step 3
Oxidation
>
Reduction
multiplied by 5
2+
Mn
+ 4H2O
multiplied by 1
gives
Q.9
www.XtremePapers.net
KNOCKHARDY PUBLISHING 2008