Professional Documents
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Transpo Codal
Transpo Codal
ARTICLE II
Definitions
Section 3. Words and phrases defined. - As used in this Act:
(a) "Motor Vehicle" shall mean any vehicle propelled by any
power other than muscular power using the public highways,
but excepting road rollers, trolley cars, street-sweepers,
sprinklers, lawn mowers, bulldozers, graders, fork-lifts,
amphibian trucks, and cranes if not used on public highways,
vehicles which run only on rails or tracks, and tractors,
trailers and traction engines of all kinds used exclusively for
agricultural purposes.
Trailers having any number of wheels, when propelled or
intended to be propelled by attachment to a motor vehicle,
shall be classified as separate motor vehicle with no power
rating.
(b) "Passenger automobiles" shall mean all pneumatic-tire
vehicles of types similar to those usually known under the
following terms: touring car, command car, speedster, sports
car, roadster, jeep, cycle, car (except motor wheel and
similar small outfits which are classified with motorcycles),
coupe, landaulet, closed car, limousine, cabriolet, and
sedan.
Motor vehicles with changed or rebuilt bodies, such as
jeepneys, jitneys, or station wagons, using a chassis of the
usual pneumatic-tire passenger automobile type, shall also
be classified as passenger automobile, if their net allowable
carrying capacity, as determined by the Commissioner of
Land Transportation, does not exceed nine passengers and
if they are not used primarily for carrying freight or
merchandise.
The distinction between "passenger truck" and "passenger
automobile" shall be that of common usage: Provided, That
a motor vehicle registered for more than nine passengers
shall be classified as "truck": And Provided, further, That a
"truck with seating compartments at the back not used for
hire shall be registered under special "S" classifications. In
case of dispute, the Commissioner of Land Transportation
shall determine the classification to which any special type of
motor vehicle belongs.
(c) "Articulated vehicle" shall mean any motor vehicle with a
trailer having no front axle and so attached that part of the
Section 4. Creation of the Commission. (a) There is created under the Department of Public Works
and Communications an office which shall be designated
and known as the Land Transportation Commission,
composed of one Commissioner and one Deputy
Commissioner, who shall be vested with the powers and
duties hereafter specified. Whenever the word "Commission"
is used in this Act, it shall be deemed to mean the Land
Transportation Commission, and whenever the word
"Commissioner" is used in this Act, it shall be taken to mean
the Commissioner or Deputy Commissioner.
The Commissioner and the Deputy Commissioner shall be
natural-born citizens and residents of the Philippines, and
they shall be appointed by the President of the Philippines,
with the consent of the Commission on Appointments of the
Congress of the Philippines: Provided, however, That the
present Administrator, Assistant Administrator and the
personnel of the Motor Vehicles Office shall continue in office
without the necessity of reappointment.
(b) The Commissioner and Deputy Commissioner shall hold
office until removed in accordance with the provisions of the
Revised Administrative Code.
(c) The Commissioner shall receive an annual compensation
of twelve thousand pesos and the Deputy Commissioner, an
annual compensation of ten thousand four hundred pesos.
The Commissioner shall be assisted by one head executive
assistant (MV regulation adviser or chief), one administrative
officer, one registration regulation chief, one inspection,
examination and licensing regulation chief, one law and
traffic enforcement regulation chief, one provincial regulation
chief, one utility and property regulation chief, one
accounting officer, one internal chief auditor, and one
personnel officer, who shall receive an annual compensation
of nine thousand pesos each; eight land transportation
regional directors who shall receive an annual compensation
of eight thousand four hundred pesos each and eight land
transportation assistant regional directors, who shall receive
an annual compensation of seven thousand pesos each and
ten assistant regulation chiefs, who shall receive an annual
compensation of seven thousand pesos each.
(d) The Commission shall have its offices in Quezon City
where the present Motor Vehicle Office is located, and shall
establish a regional branch office each in Tuguegarao
(Cagayan), Baguio City, Pasig (Rizal), Lipa City, San
Fernando (La Union), Naga City, Cebu City, Iloilo City,
Cagayan de Oro City, and Davao City, to be headed by a
regional director who will have immediate administration,
supervision and control over activities and administration of
the Commission in the respective regions.
The Commissioner shall be responsible for the
administration of this Act and shall have, in connection
therewith, the following powers and duties, in addition to
those mentioned elsewhere in this Act:
(1) With the approval of the Secretary of Public
Works and Communications, to issue rules and
regulations not in conflict with the provisions of this
Act, prescribing the procedure for the examination,
licensing and bonding of drivers; the registration
and re-registration of motor vehicles, transfer of
ownership, change of status; the replacement of
lost certificates, licenses, badges, permits or
number plates; and to prescribe the minimum
standards and specifications including allowable
gross weight, allowable length, width and height or
motor vehicles, distribution of loads, allowable
loads on tires, change of tire sizes, body design or
carrying capacity subsequent to registration and
CHAPTER II
REGISTRATION OF MOTOR VEHICLES
ARTICLE I
Duty to Register, Reports, Applications, Classifications
Section 5. All motor vehicles and other vehicles must be registered.
(a) No motor vehicle shall be used or operated on or upon
any public highway of the Philippines unless the same is
properly registered for the current year in accordance with
the provisions of this Act.
(b) Any registration of motor vehicles not renewed on or
before the date fixed for different classifications, as provided
hereunder shall become delinquent and invalid:
1. For hire motor vehicles - on or before the last
working day of February.
2. Privately-owned motor vehicles - from March
one to the last working day of May.
3. All other motor vehicles - from June one to the
last working day of June; except when the plates
of such motor vehicles are returned to the
Commission in Quezon City or to the Office of the
Motor Vehicles Registrar in the provincial or city
agency of the Commission on or before the last
working day of December of the year of issue.
(c) Dealer's reports - The Commissioner of Land
Transportation shall require dealers to furnish him with such
information and reports concerning the sale, importation,
manufacture, number of stocks, transfer or other
transactions affecting motor vehicles as may be necessary
for the effective enforcement of the provisions of this Act.
(d) Change of motor number prohibited. - No repair or
change in the motor vehicle involving the exchange,
elimination, effacing, or replacing of the original or registered
serial or motor number as stamped or imprinted, shall be
allowed, and any motor vehicle with a trace of having its
motor number altered or tampered with shall be refused
registration or re-registration, unless such is satisfactorily
explained and approved by the Commissioner.
(e) Encumbrances of motor vehicles. - Mortgages,
attachments, and other encumbrances of motor vehicles, in
order to be valid, must be recorded in the Land
Transportation Commission and must be properly recorded
on the face of all outstanding copies of the certificates of
registration of the vehicle concerned.
Cancellation or foreclosure of such mortgages, attachments,
and other encumbrances shall likewise be recorded, and in
the absence of such cancellation, no certificate of
registration shall be issued without the corresponding
notation of mortgage, attachment and/or other
encumbrances.
Records of encumbrances of motor vehicles shall be kept by
the Land Transportation Commission in chronological
sequence and shall contain, among other things, the time,
date and number of the entry in a "Book of Motor Vehicles"
referring to the creation, cancellation or foreclosure of the
aforesaid mortgages, attachments or to other
encumbrances.
ARTICLE III
Registration Certificates, Records, Number Plates
Section 14. Issuance of certificates of registration. - A properly
numbered certificate of registration shall be issued for each separate
motor vehicle after due inspection and payment of corresponding
registration fees.
Section 15. Use and authority of certificate of registration.
(a) The said certificate shall be preserved and carried in the
car by the owner as evidence of the registration of the motor
vehicle described therein, and shall be presented with
subsequent applications for re-registration, transfer of
(b) In case the design of the number plate is such that the
numerals indicating the year of registry are on a detachable
tag, the Commissioner or his deputies may, in their
discretion, issue the said tag only for subsequent reregistration charging a fee of one peso for each tag issued.
Section 18. Use of number plates. - At all times, every motor vehicle
shall display in conspicuous places, one in front and one in the rear
thereof, the said number plates.
The number plates shall be kept clean and cared for, and shall be
firmly affixed to the motor vehicle in such a manner as will make it
entirely visible and always legible.
Except in the case of dealer's number plates which may be used
successively on various motor vehicles in stock, no person shall
transfer number plates from motor vehicle to another.
No dealer's number plate shall be used on any motor vehicle after said
vehicle has been sold and delivered to a purchaser, and no dealer
shall allow such dealer's number plates to be used on any motor
vehicle after its sale and delivery to a purchaser.
CHAPTER III
OPERATION OF MOTOR VEHICLE
ARTICLE I
License to Drive Motor Vehicles
Section 19. Duty to procure license. - Except as otherwise specifically
provided in this Act, no person shall operate any motor vehicle without
first procuring a license to drive a motor vehicle for the current year,
nor while such license is delinquent, invalid, suspended or revoked.
The license shall be carried by the driver at all times when operating a
motor vehicle, and shall be shown and/or surrendered for cause and
upon demand to any person with authority under this Act to confiscate
the same.
Section 20. License for enlisted men operating Government motor
vehicles. - Enlisted men operating a motor vehicle owned by the
Government of the Philippines shall be licensed in accordance with the
provisions of this Act, but no license or delinquency fees shall be
collected therefrom. All licenses so issued shall bear the words "For
Government Vehicles Only" plainly marked or stamped in red ink
across the face thereof.
A license so marked or stamped shall authorize the holder thereof to
operate a private-owned motor vehicle.
Section 21. Operation of motor vehicles by tourists. - Bona fide tourist
and similar transients who are duly licensed to operate motor vehicles
in their respective countries may be allowed to operate motor vehicles
during but not after ninety days of their sojourn in the Philippines.
If any accident involving such tourist or transient occurs, which upon
investigation by the Commissioner or his deputies indicates that the
said tourist or transient is incompetent to operate motor vehicles, the
Commissioner shall immediately inform the said tourist or transient in
writing that he shall no longer be permitted to operate a motor vehicle.
After ninety days, any tourist or transient desiring to operate motor
vehicles shall pay fees and obtain and carry a license as hereinafter
provided.
Section 22. Driver's license, fees, examination. - Every person who
desires personally to operate any motor vehicle shall file an application
to the Commissioner or his deputies for a license to drive motor
vehicles: Provided, however, That no person shall be issued a
professional driver's license who is suffering from highly contagious
Lost license. - In case the license for the previous year has been lost
or cannot be produced, the applicant shall obtain a duplicate in accord
with Section eleven of this Act, on penalty of refusal, by the
Commissioner or his deputies, to renew the license: Provided,
however, That the Commissioner or his deputies may, in their
discretion accept in lieu of the previous years license, the duly signed
and sworn statement of an operator to the effect that he has not
operated any motor vehicle in the Philippines during the year or years
to which no license was issued in his name.
The Commissioner and his deputies are hereby authorized to
administer the oath in connection with such affidavit.
Section 27. Suspension, revocation of driver's license.
(a) The Commissioner may suspend for a period not
exceeding three months or, after hearing, revoke any driver's
license issued under the provisions of this Act, and may
order any such license to be delivered to him whenever he
has reason to believe that the holder thereof is an improper
person to operate motor vehicles, or in operating or using a
motor vehicle in, or as an accessory to, the commission of
any crime or act which endangers the public. Any deputy of
the Commissioner may, for the same cause, suspend for a
period not exceeding three months any driver's license
issued under the provisions of this Act: Provided, That such
suspension may be appealed to the Commissioner who may,
after reviewing the case, confirm, reverse or modify the
action taken by such deputy.
(b) Whenever during any twelve-month period a driver shall
have been convicted at least three times for the violations of
any provisions of this Act or of any regulation issued by the
Commissioner or any municipal or city ordinance relating to
motor vehicle traffic not in conflict with any of the provisions
of this Act, the Commissioner may, in his discretion, revoke
or suspend the license of such driver for a period not
exceeding two years.
(c) The license suspended or revoked under the provisions
of subsections (a) and (b) of this section shall not be
reinstated unless the driver has furnished a bond in
accordance with Section twenty-nine of this Act and only
after the Commissioner has satisfied himself that such driver
may again safely be permitted to operate a motor vehicle.
(d) A decision of the Commissioner revoking or refusing the
reinstatement of a license under the provisions of this
Section may be appealed to the Secretary of Public Works
and Communications.
Section 28. Driver's bond. - The Commissioner before reinstating any
driver's license which has been suspended or revoked under the
provisions of the preceding section or of any provisions of this Act, may
require such driver to post a bond in the sum of one thousand pesos
conditioned upon the satisfaction and payment of any claim which may
be filed or of any execution which may be issued against such driver in
any case wherein said driver may be held answerable while operating
motor vehicles. The bond required in this section shall be in such form
as to render sureties liable at least for a period of not less than one
year nor more than three years: Provided, however, That upon written
application to the Commissioner for release from such a bond, the
Commissioner may after revoking or suspending the driver's license,
authorize the release of the bondsmen from further responsibility
thereunder: Provided, further, That should the Commissioner decide
not to revoke the license of a driver who has been convicted of
homicide through reckless imprudence, or of the violation of the speed
limit or of reckless driving at least three times within a twelve-month
period, the said driver shall post a bond in the sum of not less than two
thousand pesos, conditioned upon the payment of any claim which
may be filed or any execution which may be issued against him in any
case wherein said driver may be held answerable while operating
motor vehicles.
(b) Carrying of passengers and freight on top of vehicles. No person operating a motor vehicle shall allow any
passenger to ride on the cover or top of such vehicles:
Provided, however, That subject to such conditions as may
be contained in permits that may be issued by the
Commissioner, baggage or freight may be carried on the top
of a truck provided the weight thereof does not exceed
twenty kilos per square meter and is distributed in such a
manner as not to endanger the passengers or stability of the
truck.
(c) Riding on running boards. - No driver shall permit any
person to ride on the running board, step board, or
mudguard of his motor vehicle for any purpose except to
make repair or adjustment in the motor or to collect fares.
Section 33. Passenger or freight capacity marked on vehicle. - All
passengers automobiles for hire shall have the registered passenger
capacity plainly and conspicuously marked on both sides thereof, in
letters and numerals not less than five centimeters in height.
All motor trucks, whether for passenger or freight, private, or for hire,
shall have the registered passenger gross and net weight capacities
plainly and conspicuously marked on both sides thereof, in letters and
numerals not less than five centimeters in height.
ARTICLE IV
Accessories of Motor Vehicles
Section 34.
(a) Tires of motor vehicles. - No motor vehicle with metallic
tires shall be operated upon any public highway, and solid
tires whenever used shall be of sufficient thickness to
prevent the metal rims thereof from coming in direct contact
with the road.
(b) Brakes - Every motor vehicle with four or more wheels
shall be provided with dual hydraulic brake system so that in
case of hydraulic line failure affecting the braking efficiency
of any of the four wheels at least either the front or rear
wheels shall retain normal braking capabilities. In the
absence of such dual braking system every motor vehicle
with four or more wheels shall be provided with safety valve
devices of such design and make so that failure of the
hydraulic braking system of the vehicle because of leakage
in the line of other parts of the system will not affect all
wheels but rather render at all times effective the braking
power of either the two front wheels or the two rear wheels
when brakes are applied. This requirement, however, does
not apply to motor vehicles equipped with pneumatic braking
system.
(b-1) Horns. - Every motor vehicle shall be provided with a
horn or signalling devise in good working order: Provided,
however, That no horn or signalling device emitting an
exceptionally loud, startling, or disagreeable sound shall be
installed or used on any motor vehicle.
All authorized emergency vehicles, such as ambulance and
police cars and fire wagons used for emergency calls shall
be equipped with a bell, siren, or exhaust whistle of a type
approved by the Commissioner, and no such device shall be
installed or used in any other vehicle.
No vehicle not classified as a motor vehicle under this Act
shall be equipped with a horn or signaling device similar to
the horn customarily used on motor vehicles.
(c) Headlights. - Every motor vehicle of more than one meter
of projected width, while in use on any public highway shall
bear two headlights, one on each side, with white or
yellowish light visible from the front, which, not later than
one-half hour after sunset and until at least one-half four
before sunrise and whenever weather conditions so require,
shall both be lighted.
Additional lamps and light may be carried, but no red lights
shall be visible forward or ahead of the vehicle. Trucks,
buses, trailers, and other similar vehicles must carry, while in
use on any public highway during night-time, colored riding
lights on each of the four corners not more than ten
centimeters from the top.
All motor vehicles shall be equipped with devices for varying
the intensity of light, and the driver must dim the headlights
or tilt the beams downward whenever the vehicle is being
operated on well-lighted streets within the limits of cities,
municipalities, and thickly populated barrios or districts, or
whenever such vehicle meets another vehicle on any public
highway.
(d) Taillights. - Every motor vehicle and trailer shall, during
the above-mentioned hours, also bear on each side in the
rear a lamp showing a red light visible at least one hundred
meters from the rear of the vehicle and a lamp throwing a
white light upon the number plate issued for such vehicle.
(e) Stop lights. - Every motor vehicle shall be equipped at
the rear with at least one lamp which shall throw a sustained
bright red light visible under all conditions, even under bright
sunlight, when the brakes are applied. Each bus, truck,
trailer or similar vehicle shall be equipped, as its stop light at
or near its rear center, with a lamp at least twelve
centimeters in diameter with the word "stop" inscribed in the
center.
(f) Motorcycle and other vehicle lights. - Every motor vehicle
of less than one meter of projected width shall be subject to
the preceding provisions of this section, except that one
headlight and one taillight shall be required. No signal light
shall be necessary.
Additional lamps may be carried provided they comply with
the preceding provisions of this section.
Every motor vehicle, or whatever style, kind, make,
character, or nature, when upon a highway during the hours
above-mentioned, whether in motion or not, shall have one
or more lights so arranged that the same shall be visible at
least fifty meters from the front and the rear of such vehicle.
(g) Lights when parked or disabled. - Appropriate parking
lights or flares visible one hundred meters away shall be
displayed at a corner of the vehicle whenever such vehicle is
parked on highways or in places that are not well-lighted or
is placed in such manner as to endanger passing traffic.
(h) Windshield wiper. - Every motor vehicle shall be
equipped with a mechanically or electrically operated device
for wiping off raindrops or other moisture from its front
windshield.
(i) Use of red flag. - Whenever the load of any vehicle
extends more than one meter beyond the bed or body
thereof, there shall be displayed at every projecting end of
such load a red flag not less than thirty centimeters both in
length and width, except that during the hours fixed under
subsection (c), there shall be displayed, in lieu of the
required red flags, red lights visible at least fifty meters away.
(j) Mufflers. - Every motor vehicle propelled by an internal
combustion engine shall be equipped with a muffler, and
whenever said motor vehicle passes through a street of any
MAXIMUM
ALLOWABLE
SPEEDS
Passengers
Cars and Motorcycle
1. On open
country roads,
with no
"blinds
corners" not
closely
bordered by
habitations.
2. On
"through
streets" or
boulevards,
clear of traffic,
with no " blind
corners,"
when so
designated.
3. On city and
municipal
streets, with
light traffic,
when not
designated
"through
streets".
4. Through
crowded
streets,
approaching
intersections
at "blind
corners,"
passing
school zones,
passing other
vehicles
which are
stationery, or
for similar
dangerous
circumstances
.
having two or more lanes for the movement of traffic in one direction,
the driver of a vehicle may overtake and pass another vehicle on the
right. Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit a driver
overtaking and passing, upon the right, another vehicle which is
making or about to make a left turn.
Section 40. Driver to give way to overtaking vehicle. - The driver of a
vehicle about to be overtaken and passed by another vehicle
approaching from the rear shall give way to the overtaking vehicle on
suitable and audible signal being given by the driver of the overtaking
vehicle, and shall not increase the speed of his vehicle until completely
passed by the overtaking vehicle.
Section 41. Restrictions on overtaking and passing.
(a) The driver of a vehicle shall not drive to the left side of
the center line of a highway in overtaking or passing another
vehicle proceeding in the same direction, unless such left
side is clearly visible, and is free of oncoming traffic for a
sufficient distance ahead to permit such overtaking or
passing to be made in safety.
(b) The driver of a vehicle shall not overtake or pass another
vehicle proceeding in the same direction, when approaching
the crest of a grade, not upon a curve in the highway, where
the driver's view along the highway is obstructed within a
distance of five hundred feet ahead, except on a highway
having two or more lanes for movement of traffic in one
direction where the driver of a vehicle may overtake or pass
another vehicle: Provided, That on a highway within a
business or residential district, having two or more lanes for
movement of traffic in one direction, the driver of a vehicle
may overtake or pass another vehicle on the right.
(c) The driver of a vehicle shall not overtake or pass any
other vehicle proceeding in the same direction, at any
railway grade crossing, not at any intersection of highways
unless such intersection or crossing is controlled by traffic
signal, or unless permitted to do so by a watchman or a
peace officer, except on a highway having two or more lanes
for movement of traffic in one direction where the driver of a
vehicle may overtake or pass another vehicle on the right.
Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit a driver
overtaking or passing upon the right another vehicle which is
making or about to make a left turn.
(d) The driver of a vehicle shall not overtake or pass, or
attempt to pass, any other vehicle, proceeding in the same
direction, between any points indicated by the placing of
official temporary warning or caution signs indicating that
men are working on the highway.
(e) The driver of a vehicle shall not overtake or pass, or
attempt to overtake or pass, any other vehicle proceeding in
the same direction in any "no-passing or overtaking zone."
ARTICLE III
Right of Way and Signals
Section 42. Right of way.
(a) When two vehicles approach or enter an intersection at
approximately the same time, the driver of the vehicle on the
left shall yield the right of way to the vehicle on the right,
except as otherwise hereinafter provided. The driver of any
vehicle traveling at an unlawful speed shall forfeit any right of
way which he might otherwise have hereunder.
(b) The driver of a vehicle approaching but not having
entered an intersection, shall yield the right of way to a
vehicle within such intersection or turning therein to the left
across the line of travel of such first-mentioned vehicle,
(g) Violation of Section thirty-two, thirty-four (a), (b) and (b1), thirty-five and forty-six a fine not exceeding one hundred
pesos: Provided, however, That in the case of violation of
Section 34 (b) the vehicle or vehicles affected may not be
allowed to operate unless the requirements provided in this
section are complied with.
owner of the vehicle involved, his address, the number of his license
and/or of the certificate or registration of his vehicle, and the date
thereof, and the offense of which he was convicted or acquitted.
ARTICLE II
Collection of Fees, Taxes and Fines, Liens, Allotment of Funds
Section 59. (a) Collection of fees; national and local taxes; toll fees. The collection of all fees, taxes, and fines, under the provisions of this
Act shall be made in accordance with regulations to be prescribed by
the Commissioner and approved jointly by the Auditor General.
(b) No taxes or fees other than those prescribed in this Act
shall be imposed for the registration or operation or on the
ownership of any motor vehicle, or for the exercise of the
profession of chauffeur, by any municipal corporation, the
provisions of any city charter to the contrary notwithstanding:
Provided, however, That any provincial board, city or
municipal council or board or other competent authority may
enact and collect such reasonable and equitable toll fees for
the use of such bridges and ferries, within their respective
jurisdiction, as may be authorized and approved by the
Secretary of Public Works and Communications, and also for
the use of such public roads, as may be authorized by the
President of the Philippines upon recommendation of the
Secretary of Public Works and Communications, but in none
of these cases shall any toll fees be charged or collected
until and unless the approved schedule of tolls has been
posted legibly in a conspicuous place at such toll station.
Section 60. The lien upon motor vehicles. - Any balance of fees for
registration, re-registration or delinquent registration of a motor vehicle,
remaining unpaid and all fines imposed upon any vehicle owner, shall
constitute a first lien upon the motor vehicle concerned.
The Commission is hereby vested with authority to issue a warrant of
constructive or actual distraint or and levy to any owner of motor
vehicle who has any balance of fees for registration, re-registration or
delinquent registration of a motor vehicle remaining unpaid, which
upon demand by the Commissioner of the Land Transportation
Commission or any of his deputies executing such warrant, the owner
of the said vehicle shall surrender same at the time demanded, except
when the attachment or execution is under any judicial process. Any
owner who fails or refuses to surrender any of such property or vehicle
not so surrendered shall be punished by a fine not exceeding the
amount of the fees (including penalties and interests, if any) for the
collection of which such warrant has been issued, together with the
costs and interests, if any, from the time of such surrender. In addition,
such owner shall punished by a fine of not more than three hundred
pesos or an imprisonment not more than six months, or both.
Section 61. Disposal of monies collected. - Monies collected under the
provisions of this Act shall be deposited in a special trust account in the