Computer hardware troubleshooting

Transcript
Objectives : Know the different beep codes and error codes
Troubleshoot computer problems.
Preventive maintenance of a computer.

Basic Computer Troubleshooting Guide

.Dont panic. Relax. Take a breath.Many computer problems
appear more serious thanthey really are.Make sure there really is a problem. Cant
start your computer?
Check the basics:
1.Examine the cables, connectors, and power cords to make sure theyre plugged in
securely. Often times a loose cable or connector (power, network, keyboard,
mouse, speaker, monitor cable, etc.) is the cause of the problem.
2.If youre using a power strip or a surge protector, make sure its on and that it
works. Remember that a surge protector may not be working because it is designed
to self destruct.When an electric jolt is too much, your surge protector takes the hit
saving your more expensive hardware from the voltage.
3.Try plugging something else directly into the electrical outlet to make sure
there isnt a power problem.
4.Check to see if your monitor is on. Sounds silly, but it has solved my own
problem more than once.

Cant get on to the network or the Internet?

1. Check to see if anyone else around you is having a similar problem. If so, there
may be a service outage affecting a wider area
2. Check to make sure the network cable is connected to both the computer and the
wall or modem.

3. Check where the network cable connection is made to the back of the computer,
you should see a little green light right where the cable connects. If the light isnt
on or flashing, then you are not getting a signal to the computer. If rebooting
doesnt fix it, contact the Help Desk oryour ISP
.4.Error Messages Write them down.
1.4. What tipped you off to the problem? Sometimes its an error code or message
displayed on screen. Be sure to write it down
it may describe the problem and how serious it is. Be sure to document the
exact wording of any error
messages. This can make the job of the Help Desk much faster.
2.4. Other times you get no warning
everything just freezes. Message or no message, be sure note what was going
on when the problem occurred. Were you starting your computer? Were you on the
Windows Desktop? Were you in a particular application? Surfing the Web?
5.Think about what changed recently on your computer.Try to pinpoint

when the trouble first started. Did the problem coincide with any recent
changes?
1.Did you change any settings? If you did you might want to change them back
the way they were.
2.Any peripherals been added or removed recently (such as a printer or external
Memory Card reader?)
3.Has anyone else been using your computer recently?
4.Have downloaded anything off the Web? File sharing and free MP3s are an easy
way to get a virus on your machine
.5.The computer is on but1 Everything on the screen is frozen and the keyboard
and mouse are not responding .Try tapping on the Num Lock key. Its located on
the righthand side of the keyboard above the number
6. While tapping the Num Lock key, notice whether or not the Num Lock
light goes on andoff. If it doesnt, the computer is completely locked up. Youll
have to REBOOT the

computer. If thelight does go off and on, wait a minute before giving up hope. It
may come back to life on its own.2 Pressing Alt + F4If a software program stops
working or freezes up, try pressing the ALT+F4 keys to close the windowthat
youre currently working in. This can shut down a frozen window and bring
the computer backto life. If the keyboard is frozen as well, youll have to reboot.
5. 3 The Blue Screen has appeared. The dreaded Blue Screen of Death. Theres
not a lot to be done except to reboot the machine. If it keeps occurring, this is an
indication of a major problem with the computer. 4 The computer is on, but there is
no sound.Is there a speaker icon next to the clock on the
taskbar? (Its in the lower right side of the screen) If youcan find it, double click
the speaker icon to bring
up the audio controls for the computer. See if any ofthe volume controls have been
muted or turned all the
way down. Uncheck any Mute boxes that areselected.5 The computer is on, but the
keyboard
doesntworkSwap the keyboard or try plugging the keyboard into another
computer. If it doesnt work on
the other computer, there islikely something wrong with the keyboard. If it does
work on the other
computer, there is likely something wrong on thecomputer or the connection to the
computer.6 CTRLALTDELWhen
you press the CtrlAltDelete
buttons together, you will bring up a control panel where
you can select Task Managerand see if any of the programs are shown as not
responding. You may
be able to shut down the offending program fromthere. If you cant get to this
screen, youll have to
reboot.
6. 7.Rebooting can do wonders.Dont just pull the plug!A simple reboot may clear
up the problem. Go to
the Start Menu and select Shutdown. Didnt work? Itstime to try a forced reboot
with, unfortunately, no
way to save your work by pressing thekeysCTRLALTDEL
simultaneously twice in a row.If that
didnt work, you have no choice: you have to turn the computer off manually with
the powerswitch. Hold
the power button down (for about 5 10
seconds) and the computer will shut down. Waitat least 10

seconds for the hard drive to stop spinning and then restart the machine.If the
computer starts up, start the
applications you were using when the crash occurred. Someprograms, like
Microsoft Word, make timed
backups of your work and may bring up recovered files. Ifthe program notifies you
that there is a
recovered document save the file under a different nameand compare them to
your previously saved
files.
7. BEEP CODES The beep pattern is telling you what part of the hardware is
failing. Unfortunately there
are different standards for the beep pattern and you will have to refer to your
motherboards user manual
for the meaning of it. And most common beep codes and error are as follows.
BEEP DESCRIPTION 1
Short Beep Normal POST, computer is ok. Continuous Beep RAM ProblemOne
Long and Three Short
Beeps. Indicates a video error has occurred and the BIOS cannot initialize the
video screen to display any
additional information
8. Troubleshooting Tips for New MonitorsHere are some basic trouble shooting
tips for new monitors:1.
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The picture does not appear Check to make sure the signal cable is firmly
connected in the socket. Check
to see if the computer systems power is ON. Check that the Brightness Control is
at the appropriate
position, not at the minimum.2. The Screen is not synchronized Check to make
sure the signal cable is
firmly connected in the socket. Check that the output level matches the input level
of your computer.
Make sure the signal timing of the computer system is within the specification of
the monitor.
9. 3. The position of the screen is not in the center Adjust the HSize,
HPhase
or VSize,
VCenter

controls. Check if the signal timing of the computer system is within the
specification of the monitor.4.
The screen is too bright or too dark Check if the Brightness or contrast control is at
the appropriate
position, not at the maximum or minimum. Check if the specified voltage is
applied Check if the signal
timing of the computer system is within the specification of the monitor.
Especially, check the horizontal
frequency.5. The screen is shaking Move all objects that emit a magnetic field,
such as a motor or
transformer, away from the monitor. Check if the specified voltage is applied.
Check if the signal timing
of the computer system is within the specification of the monitor.
10. Troubleshooting Tips for a New MotherboardMore than 70% of all computer
problems are related to
cabling and connections. Ensure allcables are connected and connected firmly. IDE
and floppy ribbon
cables and power cables canoften go loose. Ensure microprocessor, memory
modules, and adapters such
as video card areinserted correctly and didnt "popup"
due to vibration.System has no power at all. Power
light does not illuminate, fan inside the power supplydoes not turn on, and
indicator light on keyboard
does not turn on. PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION Power cable is
Visually inspect power
Make sure power cable is unplugged. cable. securely plugged in. Visual inspection,
try Defective power
cable. Replace cable. another cable. Power cable and wall Contact technical Power
supply failure. socket
are OK, but support system is still dead. Use different socket, Faulty wall
outletcircuit Plug device into
socket repair outlet, reset circuit breaker or fuse blown. know to work and test.
breaker or replace fuse.
11. System inoperative. Keyboard lights are on, power indicator lights are lit, and
hard drive is spinning.
PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION Turn off computer. Take cover
Using even pressure on
both Expansion card is partially off system unit. ends of the expansion card,
dislodged from expansion

slot Check all expansion cards to press down firmly on expansion on the
motherboard. ensure they are
securely seated card. in slots. Turn system off. Disconnect the cables from one of
the floppy drives. Turn
Defective floppy disk drive or on the system, check to see if Contact Technical
Support. tape drive. the
keyboard operates normally. Repeat until you have located defective unit. Turn
computer off. Make sure
expansion card is Defective expansion card. Remove an expansion card. secure in
expansion socket.
12. System does not boot from hard disk drive, can be booted from floppy disk
drive. PROBABLE
CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION When attempting to run the Check cable
running form disk to FDISK
utility described in the disk controller on the board. MakeConnector between hard
drive HARD DISK
section of the sure both ends are securelyand system board unplugged. manual you
get a message,
plugged in check the drive type in INVALID DRIVE the Standard CMOS Setup
(in your
SPECIFICATION. motherboard manual). Format hard disk if unable to
doDamaged Hard Disk or Disk
so, the hard disk may be Contact Technical Support.Controller. defective. Run the
FDISK program,
format Backing up the hard drive isHard Disk directory or FAT is the hard
drive(See HARD DRIVE
extremely important. All Hardscrambled. section of manual). Copy your Disks are
capable of breaking
down backup data back onto hard drive. at any time.
13. System only boots from Floppy Disk. Hard Disk can be read and
applicationscan be used, but booting
from Hard Disk is impossible.Error message reading "SECTOR NOT FOUND" or
other error
messagesindication certain data is not allowed to be retrieved. PROBABLE
CAUSE DIAGNOSIS
SOLUTION Back up data and applications files. Reformat the Hard Drive Hard
Disk boot A number of
causes as described in the Hard program has been could be behind this. Drive
section of the destroyed.
manual. Reinstall

applications and data using backup disks.

14. Error message reading "SECTOR NOT FOUND" or other error messages
indication certain data is
not allowed to be retrieved. PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION Back
up any salvageable
data. Then do a low level format, partition, and high Use a file by file backup level
format of the hardA
number of causes could instead of an image drive( see Hard Diskbe behind this.
backup to backup the
section of your manual for Hard Disk. instructions). Reinstall
all saved data when completed.
15. Disk formatted on IBM PS/2 will not operate with this system. PROBABLE
CAUSE DIAGNOSIS
SOLUTION Format disk in the AT typeThe IBM PS/2 uses a IBM PS/2 disk
format will computer insert
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disk into thedifferent format than other not work in an AT type IBM PS/2 and copy
the filescomputers.
computer. you wish.After install an expansion card (network card, tape drive card,
etc.) the system no
longer works properly. PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION Change
the interrupt or RAM
address on the new expansion All or part of the system may be card. See the
documentation that
inoperable. The new card may came with the new card in orderNo power to
monitor. work but a mouse or
COM port to change pin settings. many may not work. expansion devices come
with proprietary software
that will assist you in doing this.
16. Screen message says "Invalid Configuration" or "CMOS Failure. PROBABLE
CAUSE
DIAGNOSIS SOLUTIONIncorrect information Check the configuration Review
systems
equipment.entered into the program. Replace any Make sure correctconfiguration
(setup) incorrect
information. information is in setup.program. Screen is blank. PROBABLE
CAUSE DIAGNOSIS

SOLUTION Check the power connectors to monitor and to system. Power

connectors may be Make sure
monitor isNo power to monitor. loose or not plugged in. connected to display card,
change I/O address on
network card if applicable.Monitor not connected to See instructions
above.computer.Network card I/O
address See instructions above.conflict.
17. System does not boot from hard disk drive, can be booted from floppy disk
drive. PROBABLE
CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION Check cable running form When attempting to
run the disk to disk
controller on the FDISK utility described in Connector between hard board. Make
sure both ends the
HARD DISK section of drive and system board are securely plugged in the
manual you get a unplugged.
check the drive type in the message, INVALID DRIVE Standard CMOS Setup (in
SPECIFICATION.
your Problem PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION Reboot computer.
Reinstall
memory,
make sure that all memory modules areMemory problem, display card installed in
correct sockets. Check
jumperjumpers not set correctly. and switch settings on display card. See display
card section for
information of settings. Use antivirus
programs (McAfee/PCComputer
virus. cillin, Eport,
etc) to detect
and clean viruses.
18. Screen goes blank periodically. PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS
SOLUTIONScreen saver is
enabled. Disable screen saver.Keyboard failure. PROBABLE CAUSE
DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION
Reconnect keyboard.Keyboard is Check keys again, if nodisconnected.
improvement, replace
keyboard.No color on screen. PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION If
possible, connect
monitor to anotherFaulty Monitor. system. If no color, replace monitor.CMOS
incorrectly set Call
technical support.up.

19. Error reading drive A: PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTIONBad

floppy disk. Try new
floppy disk. Format floppy disk(typeFloppy disk not formatted ENTER) C: drive
failure. PROBABLE
CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION Boot from drive A: using SETUP program
does not DOS system
disk. Input have correct information. correct information to SETUP program. Hard
Drive cable not Check
Hard drive cable. connected properly.
20. Cannot boot system after installing second hard drive. PROBABLE CAUSE
DIAGNOSIS
SOLUTIONMaster/Slave jumpers not Set master /Slave jumpersset correctly.
correctly. Run SETUP
program andHard Drives not select correct drive types.compatible / different Call
drive
manufacturesmanufacturers. for compatibility with other drives.Missing operating
system on hard drive.
PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION CMOS setup has been Run setup
and select changed.
correct drive type.
21. Keyboard is locked, no keys function. PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS
SOLUTIONKeys jammed
or Replace keyboard.defective.Keyboard is locked, no keys function. PROBABLE
CAUSE DIAGNOSIS
SOLUTION Keyboard is locked. Unlock keyboard
22. Video Cards & Display issues. When loading, your computer follows Is there a
logo?
23. Try disconnecting your monitors cable from your videocard!If your monitor is
working you should
see a messagelike "No Signal". It doesnt matter what is on the screenas long as it
shows
something.Verify your cable. Are you missing pins from the headof the cable?
Reset all monitor Settings
to default (contrast,Brightness, color, ...)
24. Hard Drive IssuesAny problem that has anything to do with your HD can be
diagnosed using the
belowFlowchart. Remember to click on the questions to get more details about the
question. The primary
Master is a Hard Drive as shown by the arrow, and the secondary Master is a DVD
Drive in the picture

above
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25. Do you see an error code, or a beep?> If your Hard Drive was working and
thenall the sudden it is
not recognized (seen), byyour system then it is bad news. Trychanging the Hard
Drive connection withthe
CD ROM connection just to make sure itis not the connection that is failing. If
nosuccess, go to the Data
Recovery page to seeif there is anything you can do to retrieveyour data
26. Computer working with minimum hardware ?Take out / unplug any
nonessential
component (CD
ROM, PCI cards[except video],...) and try to boot.With the minimum components
(CPU, 1 RAM, 1
video card[ if you have an onboard
video card on yourmotherboard, use that one], 1 Hard Drive) try
swapping power cables and connector ribbons.Sometimes it is a connector or a
slot that causes the
problem. Trying different IDE ribbon cables or power wirefor the hard drives or
checking the RAMs one
by one on all the slots, can help in identifying damaged parts orslots.Verify that
the heatsink is in full
contact with the CPU. CPUs not connected to heatsinks heat up in a matter
ofseconds crashing, or turning
the computer off.If this does not work, take the motherboard out of the casing.
Sometimes there is a short
between themotherboard and the case. Put the motherboard on an insulated surface
and try.You should
have verified your power supply before getting to this page. If you have not, then
proceed to powersupply
test. If you have already done that, then we need to check your motherboardIf you
are not sure how to
manipulate different parts click on the following links to get more
informationonhow to install:
This webpage is not
available
The server at adapac.doubleclick.net
can't be found, because the DNS lookup

failed. DNS is the network service that

translates a website's name to its
internet address. This error is most often
caused by having no connection to the
internet or a misconfigured network. It
can also be caused by an unresponsive
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