Shallow Foundation Calculation
Shallow Foundation Calculation
partial factors.
DA-1: Combination 1
This is expressed symbolically as:
A1 + M1 + R1
where:
- the symbol A represents the sets of partial factors for the actions F or
for the effects of actions E ;
- the symbol M represents the sets of partial factors M for strength
(material) parameters of the ground.
- the symbol R represents the sets of partial factors for resistance R
- the symbol + means used in combination with.
Set A1 indicates G = 1.35 and Q = 1.5. Calculations of actions and resistances
from the ground are performed using design values of ground properties equal to their
characteristic values since (Set M1) indicates = c = cu = qu =
= 1.0 while it can be seen that, in Combination 1, caution is applied primarily to the
structural actions.
DA-1: Combination 2
This Combination covers the case in which caution is applied primarily to ground
properties.
Combination 2 is expressed symbolically as:
A2 + M2 + R1
in which the permanent actions from the structure are at their representative
values ( G = 1.0, Set A2) while any unfavourable, variable actions from the
structure are increased, by a relatively small amount, above their representative value
( Q = 1.3, Set A2).
Calculations of actions and resistances from the ground are performed using
design values of ground properties below their characteristic values ( = c =
1.25, cu = qu = 1.4, Set M2), while any contribution from the weight of the
ground is at its characteristic value ( = 1.0, Set M2), since there is less
uncertainty about ground weight density than there is about ground strength.
Since in DA-1 actions and resistances from the ground are generally
calculated using factored ground material properties (set M) and not from
geotechnical element resistances, the resistance factors, R, (set R1) are not used.
However, as we shall see later, the design of piles and anchorages is a notable
exception to this general rule. Below is the sample calculation for shallow foundation
for the loading of 600 kN using Borehole 3 SPT value. The other range of loadings
and boreholes are being calculated and tabulated for an easier reference.
0.5m
Df
B
(Drawing not to scale)
Soil Description: Sand
SPT value - 11
s;k, characteristic weight density of soil 12.3 kN/m3
c;k, characteristic weight density of concrete 24kN/m3
c, cohesion 0 kPa
' , angle of internal friction 29.5
Df = 1 m
d = 0.5 m
Assume: B x B = 2 m x 2 m
Ultimate Bearing Capacity
Clauses
6.5.2
Required:
V d Rd
Vd Design value of the vertical load (action)
Rd Design value of resistance to vertical load (action)
6.5.2.1(1)
Eqn 6.1
0.5
'
= 1.25 ;
c'
Table A4
(Ang. of
= 1.25 ; Internal
Friction,
Cohesion,
Unit
Weight)
Table A4
(Unit
Weight)
q = qk
q = (1.5 12.8) 1.0
q = 19.2 kPa
Design Bearing Resistance (R1)
R = 1.0
Rd = Rk 1.0
Rd = qult Area of footing
qult =c N c s c d c +q N q s q d q+ 0.5 B N s d
where,
N q=
1+sin
e
( 1sin
)
tan
N =( N q 1 ) tan ( 1.4 )
N c=
N q1
tan
N q=9.21
N =5.34
Table A5
(R1.
Bearing)
N c =18.79
s =10.3
s q=1+
L
B
B
sin
L
s c =1+0.2
B
L
s =0.7
s q=1.49
s c =1.2
d c =d q =d =1.0
qult =0 ( 18.79 )( 1.2 ) +19.2 ( 9.21 )( 1.49 ) +0.5 ( 2 ) ( 12.8 ) (5.34 ) ( 0.7 )
qult =311.3 kPa
Rd = 311.3 x 4
Rd = 1245.2 kN
Checking:
From above calculation:
Vd
Rd
945.1kN
1245.2 kN
Size
(m x m)
BH1
BH2
BH3
600 - 1000
2.0 x 2.0
1.25
Design Resistance
Design Action
1.82
1.32
1000 - 2000
2.5 x 2.5
1.18
1.74
Ratio :
1.25
BH4
1.22
1.15