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Rule 110 Reviewer
Rule 110 Reviewer
RULE 110
PROSECUTION OF OFFENSES
filing of the complaint with the
punong barangay.
Institution v. Commencement
Institution- For offenses which require a
preliminary investigation, the criminal
action is instituted by filing the complaint
with
the
appropriate
officer
for
preliminary investigation.
Commencement- criminal action
commenced when the complaint
information is filed in court.
is
or
Complaint
or
Criminal
actions
must
be
commenced in the name of the
People of the Philippines.
The
must
prosecute
People v. Beriales
- Although the Fiscal turns over
the active conduct of the trial to
the private prosecutor, he
should
be
present
during
proceedings.
- Without the public prosecutor,
the evidence presented by the
private
prosecutor
at
said
hearing could not be considered
as evidence for the plaintiff, the
People of the Philippines.
Bravo v. Court of Appeals
- The public prosecutor may turn
over the actual prosecution of
the criminal case, in the
exercise of his discretion, but he
may at any time, take over the
actual conduct of the trial.
- It is necessary that the public
prosecutor be present at the
trial until the final termination of
the case; otherwise, if he is
absent, it cannot be gainsaid
that the trial is under his
supervision and control.
Necessity
of
Service
Government Counsel
-
to
Fiscals
Discretion
Prosecution
-
in
A
case
dismissed
before
arraignment maybe refiled.
Habitual Delinquency
-
Single
offense
committed
by
different means
- A well settled rule n considering
indictments that where an
offense may be committed in
any several different modes,
and
the
offense,
in
any
particular instance, is alleged to
have been committed in two or
more modes specified, it is
sufficient to prove that it be
such as to constitute the
substantive offense.
Treason
- A person accused of an offense
is not charged by the number of
Rebellion
- Hernandez doctrine: complexing of
rebellion with any other offense
committed in its course under
either of the clauses of Art. 48 of
the RPC either as a means
necessary to its commission or as
an unintended effect of an activity
that constitutes rebellion.
Section
14.
Substitution
Amendment
or
The
complaint
cannot
be
withdrawn by the Fiscal without the
courts consent
- Once the case had already been
brought
to
Court
whatever
disposition the fiscal may feel
should be proper in the case
thereafter should be addressed for
the consideration of the Court.
The real and ultimate test of the
independence and integrity of the
trial court is not the filing of the
motions to suspend proceedings
and defer arraignment at the stage
of the proceedings but the filing of
a motion to dismiss or to withdraw
the information on the basis of a
resolution of the petition for review
reversing the Joint resolution of the
investigating prosecutor.
Amendment as to form
- An amendment which merely
states with additional precision
something
which
s
already
contained
in
the
original
information, and which therefore,
adds
nothing
essential
for
conviction for the crime charged is
an amendment as to form that can
be made at any time.
Amendment as to a matter of form
- An amendment which neither
adversely affects the substantial
right of the accused.
Change of dates of commission of
crime-formal
Substantial Amendments
- Amendments that are prohibited
after the accused has pleaded. And
the substantial matters in the
complaint or information is the
recital of facts constituting the
offense charged and determinative
of the jurisdiction of the court.
Habitual Delinquency
- Additional allegations of habitual
delinquency and recidivism is not a
substantial amendment.
Amendments to conform to the
evidence to be presented during
the trial is permissible
Amendment and Substitution
Amendment:
Authorizes the amendment of an
information
or
complaint
in
substance or form, without leave of
court, at any time before the
defendant pleads, and thereafter,
only as to matters of form.
Substitution:
If it appears at any time before
judgment that a mistake has been
made in charging the proper
offense, the court may dismiss the
original complaint or information
and order the filing of a new one
charging
the
proper
offense,
provided the defendant would not
be placed in double jeopardy.
.. That can only be true if the
offense
proved
does
not
necessarily include or is not
necessary included in the offense
charged in the original information.
Amendment
Substitution
Formal
or Substantial
substantial change change from the
original charge.
Amendment
Must be with leave
before plea has of court as the
been entered can original
be
effected information has to
without leave of be dismissed
court
Where
Another
amendment
is preliminary
only as to form, investigation
is
there is no need entailed and the
for
another accused has to
preliminary
plead anew to the
investigation and new information
the retaking of the
plea
of
the
accused
Refers to the same Requires
or
offense charged in presupposes that
the
original the
new
information or to information
an offense which involves
a
necessarily
different
offense
includes
or
is which does not
necessarily
include or s not
included in the necessarily
original charge
included in the
original charge.
Where the second Where the new
information
information
involves the same charges an offense
offense, or the an which is distinct
offense
which and different from
necessarily
that
initially
includes
or
is charged
necessarily
included in the 1st
information
a.
wherein
the
crime
was
committed
b. where any one of the essential
ingredient of the offense took
place.
Committed in
train, aircraft
other public
private vehicle
the course of
trip
a
or
or
in
its
On board a vessel
in the course of its
voyage
Shall be instituted
and tried in the
court
of
the
municipality
or
territory where the
offense
was
committed
or
where any of its
essential
ingredients
occurred.
Court
of
any
municipality
or
territory
where
such train, aircraft,
or other vehicle
passed during its
trip, including the
place
of
its
departure
and
arrival.
Court of the first
port of entry or of
any
municipality
or territory where
the vessel passed
during
such
voyage.