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Maths - SA-1 - Class X
Maths - SA-1 - Class X
STUDY MATERIAL
CLASS -X
Mathematics
2014 - 2015
AGRA REGION
SA-I
Page 1
SA-I
Page 2
SA-I
Page 3
INDEX
SLN
O
TOPIC
PAGE
NO.
PART -1
SA-1
1
2
9
***
***
Real Numbers
Polynomials
9-11
1214
A pair of linear equations in 15two variables
21
Triangles
2231
Introduction to
32Trigonometry
38
Statistics
3944
Activities (Term I)
4552
Model Question paper SA-1 53with value based QS.
63
Projects (common List for
64
SA I & SAII)
Value based questions
are given in each
chapter
Quiz/oral Test included
with the topic
SA-I
Page 4
COURSE STRUCTURE
CLASS X
As per CCE guidelines, the syllabus of Mathematics for class X has been divided term
wise.
The units specified for each term shall be assessed through both formative and
summative assessment.
In each term, there shall be two formative assessments each carrying 10% weightage.
The summative assessment in I term will carry 30% weightage and the summative
assessment in the II term will carry 30% weightage.
Listed laboratory activities and projects will necessarily be assessed through formative
assessments.
FIRST TERM (SA I)
SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT -1
MARKS:
90
MARKS
11
UNITS
I NUMBER SYSTEM
Real Numbers
II ALGEBRA
Polynomials, pair of linear equations in two
variables.
III GEOMETRY
Triangles
V TRIGONOMETRY
Introduction to trigonometry, trigonometric
identity.
VII STATISTICS
TOTAL
23
17
22
17
90
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SA-I
S.N
o
01
TOPIC
Real
Number
CONCEPTS
References(NCERT BOOK)
Euclids division
Lemma & Algorithm
Fundamental Theorem of
Arithmetic
Revisiting Irrational Numbers
Example -1,3
Ex:1.1 Qs. 2, 4,5
Example -5
Ex:1.2 Qs.4,6 and 7
Example -9,10 Theorem 1.4
Ex: 1.3 Qs.2,3 (i)
Ex -1.4
Qs.1(iii),(iv),(v) 2 (ii)
Ex -2.1
Q:1
Example -2,3
Ex-2.2
Qs.1 (iv) (v)
Examples 3,4 and 5
Ex -2.3 Qs.1 (iii),3and 4
Example 8
Example:2
Ex -3.4 Qs.1,3
Ex ample 4
Polynomial
s
03
Pair of
Linear
Equations
in two
variables
Example: 6
Ex -3.2 Qs.1,3,6 and 7
SA-I
Page 6
example 9
Ex -3.3 Qs.1 (iv),(v),Qs. 2,3(iv),(v),
(vi)
b. Elimination method
c. Cross multiplication method
d. Equation reducible to pair of
liner equation in two
variables
TRIANGLES
1) Trigonometric Ratios
2) Trigonometric ratios of some
specific angles
3) Trigonometric ratios of
complementary angles
Example:10,11
Ex:8.3 Qs.2(ii),3,4,6
4) Trigonometric Identities
Examples:12,14*,15* Ex.8.4
Qs.2,5(iiii),(iv),(v),(vi),(viii),(ix)
05
Introductio
n to
Trigonomet
ry
CONCEPT 1
Mean of grouped data
1. Direct Method
STATISTICS
06
1) Similarity of Triangles
04
Example:3
Ex:14.1 Qs:3,6,7
Example 5 ,Ex:14.1 Qs.4,6
Examples 7 ,8 Ex:14.1 Qs.9
Example:5
Ex:14.2 Q:1,5
Example:7,8
Ex:14.3 Q1,3,5
Example:9
Ex:14.4 Qs.3
SA-I
Page 7
1. Real numbers
( Key Points )
1. Euclids Division lemma:- Given Positive integers a and b there exist unique
integers q and r satisfying
a=bq +r, where 0 r<b, where a, b, q and r are respectively called as dividend,
divisor, quotient and remainder.
2. Euclids division Algorithm:- To obtain the HCF of two positive integers say c
and d, with c>0, follow the steps below:
Step I: Apply Euclids division lemma, to c and d, so we find whole numbers, q and
r such that c =dq +r, 0 r< d .
Step II: If r=0, d is the HCF of c and d. If r
Step III:Continue the process till the remainder is zero. The divisor at this stage
will be the required HCF
3. The Fundamental theorem of Arithmetic:Every composite number can be expressed (factorised ) as a product of primes,
and this factorization is unique, apart from the order in which the prime factors
occur.
Ex.: 24=2 X 2 X 2 X 3=3 X 2 X 2 X 2
Theorem: LET x be a rational number whose decimal expansion terminates.
Then x can be expressed in the form
Of
p
q
pq
where
form of
7
7
Ex. 10 = 2 X 5 =0.7
Theorem: LET
p
x =
q
SA-I
Page 8
( Level - 1)
1.
p
q
If
is a rational number
representation of
p
q
is terminating?
Ans.q is form of
2 3 .
Ans.
1.5
3.
4.
Find the
5.
2 3
)(
Ans. 19000
Ans.Rational
6.
Write one rational and one irrational number lying between 0.25 and 0.32.
Ans. One rational no. =0.26, one irrational no. = 0.27010010001
7.
8.
51
1500
Ans.
2.
Check whether
Check whether
15
SA-I
Page 9
Ans. No,
4.
5.
Find the HCF and LCM of 96, 108 and 280 using the prime factorization method.
Ans. HCF = 4LCM = 30240
( level - 3 )
1.
Show that
5 is an irrational number.
2.
Show that
5 2
3.
Show that square of any positive integer is of the form 4m or4m+ 1, for some
is an irrational number.
integer m.
4.
n1 + n+1is rational .
8. Using prime factorization method, find the HCF and LCM of 72, 126 and 168. Also
show that
9. Students
of
A,B,C
section
of
class
got
100
flowers
of
from
SA-I
Page 10
QUIZ
(REAL NUMBERS)
Answer the following questions
1. What is a lemma?
2. State Euclids Division Lemma?
3. What does HCF stand for?
4. Give the full form of LCM.
5. State Euclids division algorithm.
ORAL TEST
(REAL NUMBERS)
Answer the following questions:
1. Euclids division algorithm is a technique to compute the ___________ of two given positive
integers.
2. HCF(124, 24) is ___________.
3. Every composite number can be expressed factorised) as a product of primes, and this
factorisation is unique, apart from the order in which the prime factors occurs. The above
statement is called ___________.
4. For any two positive integers a and b,
a x b = HCF(a, b) x ______
5. If a number cannot be written in the form p/q, where p and q are integers and q 0, then it
is called ____________.
6. For some positive integer a every positive integer is of the form--------------------.
2. Polynomials
( Key Points )
Polynomial:
An expression of the form
polynomial in variable x of degree n.where; a0 ,a1, ----- an are real numbers and each
power of x is a non negative integer.
Ex.:- 2x2 5x + 1 is a polynomial of degree 2.
Note: x+3 is not a polynomial .
A polynomial
A polynomial
5x + x2 etc.
A polynomial
Ex.
3 x 3x + 5 , x3 1 etc.
SA-I
Page 11
The graph of
1. Sum of zeroes = + =
2. Product of zeroes = . =
=
c
a
P( x)
a x 2+ bx+ c
then :
Coefficient of x
coefficient of x 2
Constant term
coefficient of x 2
p ( x ) if p ( x ) =0.
If
,
*
+ + =
then:
b
a
+ + =
=
a x + b x +cx + d
c
a
d
a
then
we
can find polynomials
q ( x )r ( x ) such that :
Ans ;
1 1
+ .
Ans.
(-1)
SA-I
Page 12
2
3
3
.
4
( 2 3 + 43 ) x+(12 )
2
Ans. x
4. If
1 2
3
p ( x )= x 5 x + then find its sum and product of zeroes.
3
2
Ans. Sum=15, Product =
f ( x )=x 33 k x 2x +30
of K.
9
2
b 3 k
Ans. + + = a = 1 =6
k = 2
3 x+ 4.
Ans. -4/3
Ans: not
Ans:(D)
( Level - 2 )
1. Form a cubic polynomial with zeroes 3, -2 and -4.
Ans:
3
2
x +3x -10x-24
3
2
Hints: p ( x )=x ( + + ) x + ( + + ) x
2. Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial 10x2 +3x -4 and verify the relationship
between the zeroes and the coefficients.
Study Material class X (Mathematics)
SA-I
Page 13
4 u 2+ 8u .
Ans.
0, -2
1
,1.
4
6. Find a quadratic polynomial, whose the sum and product of its zeroes are
1
2
Ans. x 4 x1
( Level - 3 )
1. Find the zeroes of polynomial
x 32 x 2x +2
Ans.
-1, 1, 2
2. If the zeroes of the polynomial
x 33 x2 + x +1 are
, , + . Find
Ans. =1, = 2
3. Divide
g ( x ) =x2 1+ x
by
t 2 3
38 x60
is a factor of polynomial
5
3
and
5
3
Ans. -1 & -1
3. On dividing
3 x5
3 x + x +2 x +5 by a polynomial
g( x)
and
9 x+ 10 respectively, find
g (x ) .
Ans.
x 2+2 x +1 +1
(PROBLEMS FOR SELF-EVALUATION)
Study Material class X (Mathematics)
SA-I
Page 14
1. Check whether
g ( x ) =3 x 2 is a factor of
g ( x ) =x1.
2 x 2x 6
4. If a-b, a , a + b are the roots of the polynomial x3-9x2+23x-15 find the values of a
and b.
5. Find the zeroes of polynomial
x 2 x x +2
find the
value of p.
7. If are the zeroes of the polynomial
kx 2 +4 x +4 show that
the value of k.
8. If
6 x + x2=0, find
2+ 2=24,
find
QUIZ
(POLYNOMIALS)
Answer the following questions:
1. What is a quadratic polynomial?
2. What is the degree of a quadratic polynomial?
3. What are the zeros of a polynomial?
4. What is the shape of curve of a quadratic polynomial graph?
5. State remainder theorem.
6. Every real number is a ------------------polynomial.
ORAL TEST
1. If P(x) is a polynomial in x, the highest power of x in P(x) is called the ________ of the
polynomial P(x).
2. A polynomial of degree 2 is called a __________.
3. The linear polynomial ax + b, a 0, has exactly one zero, namely, the x-coordinate of the
point where the graph of y = ax + b intersects the _________.
4. A polynomial P(x) of degree n has at most ________ zeroes.
5. The sum and the product of the zeroes of a quadratic polynomial x 2 + 7x + 10 is ____ and
______.
6. What is the relationship between zeroes and coefficient of a quadratic polynomial?
SA-I
Page 15
Ex: (i)x 5y + 2 =0
3
(ii)
2 x y =1
The general form for a pair of linear equations in two variables x and y is
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0
a2x + b2y + c2 = 0
Where a1, b1, c1, a2, b2, c2 are all real numbers and a1 0, b1 0, a2 0, b2 0.
Examples : x+3 y 6=0 ,2 x3 y12=0
a1 b 1
a2 b 2
i.e. unique solution. And this type of equations is called consistent pair of
linear equations.
Ex: x 2y = 0
3x + 4y 20 = 0
a1 b 1 c 1
(ii) will represent overlapping or coincident lines if a2 = b 2 = c 2
i.e. Infinitely many solutions, consistent or dependent pair of linear equations
Ex: 2x + 3y 9 = 0
4x + 6y 18 = 0
(iii)
(iv)
a1 b 1 c 1
=
a2 b 2 c 2
(i)
Substitution method
(ii)
Elimination Method
(iii)
SA-I
Page 16
Plot the point A (0.2), B (-2.0). P (0. -1) and Q (1.0) on the graph paper and join the
points to form the lines AB and PQ as shown in Fig 3.1
SA-I
Page 17
We observe that there is a point R (2. 4) common to both the lines AB and PQ.
The triangle formed by these lines and the x-axis is BQR.
The vertices of this triangle are B (-2. 0), Q (1. 0) and R (2. 4).
We know that:
Area of triangle = 2
Base x Altitude
BQR=
1
2
x 3 x 4 = = 6 sq. units.
(LEVEL1)
1. Find the value of a so that the point(3,9) lies on the line represented by 2x-3y=a
Ans: a= -21
2. Find the value of k so that the lines 2x + 3y = 9 and kx-9y =18 will be parallel.
Ans: k= 6
3. Find the value of k for which 2x + 6y =5, 3x+ky+15=0 is inconsistent
Ans: k= 8
4. Check whether given pair of lines is consistent or not 5x 1 = 2y, y =
1
2
5
x Ans: consistent
2
5. Determine the value of a if the system of linear equations 3x+2y -4 =0 and 9x y
Ans: a
3
2
Ans:
4 x 6 y=7
7. Find the point of intersection of line -3x + 7y =3 with y-axis
Ans:
(0.3/7)
8. For what value of k the following pair has infinite number of solutions.
(k-3)x + 3y = k
Study Material class X (Mathematics)
SA-I
Page 18
k(x + y)=12
Ans:
k= 6
9. Write condition so that a1x + b1y = c1 and a2x + b2y = c2 have unique solution.
Ans:
a1 b 1
a2 b 2
( Level - 2)
1. The cost 3kg apples and 1 kg grapes on one day was Rs 160. After one month the
cost of4 kg apples and 2 kg grapes will be Rs 300. Find the cost of one kg apple
and one kg grapes.
Ans: Cost of 1 kg apple = Rs. 10, Cost of 1 kg grapes = Rs. 130
2. Solve the equations:
3x y = 3
7x + 2y = 20
Ans: x=2,
y=3
3. Find the fraction which becomes to 2/3 when the numerator is increased by 2 and
equal to 4/7 when the denominator is increased by 4
Ans: 28/45
4. Solve the equation:
px + q y = p q
qx p y = p + q
Ans: x = 1, y = -1
( Level - 3 )
Ans. x=2, y =1
Where, x 0, y 0
Ans.
x=12, y=10
3.
SA-I
Page 19
5x + 12y =7
4.
A man has only 20 paisa coins and 25 paisa coins in his purse, If he has 50 coins
in all totaling Rs. 11.25, how many coins of each kind does he have.
Ans. 25 coins of each kind
For what value of k, will the system of equations
kx +3 y=k2
5.
12 x +ky =k
Ans. k 6
has no solution.
(level - 4)
1. Draw the graphs of the equations
4x y = 4
4x + y = 12
Determine the vertices of the triangle formed by the lines representing these
equations and the x-axis. Shade the triangular region so formed
Ans: (2, 4)(1,0)(3,0)
2. Solve Graphically
x y = -1 and
3x + 2y = 12
Calculate the area bounded by these lines and the x- axis , Ans: x = 2, y = 3 and
area = 7.5 unit
x +1
2
3. Solve :-
x1
3
y 1
3
y +1
2
=4
=9
Ans:
x = 7, y = 13
4. A boat cover 32 km upstream and 36 km downstream in 7 hours. Also it covers
40km upstream and
48 km downstream in 9 hours .find the speed of boat in still water and the speed
of the stream
Ans: Speed of the rowing is still water = 6 km/hr Speed of the current = 4 km/hr .
5. In a
ABC
, C
(HOTS)
Ans: a = 200 , b = 400 , c = 1200 .
Study Material class X (Mathematics)
SA-I
Page 20
6. 8 men and 12 boys can finish a piece of work in 10 days while 6 men and
8 boys can finish it in 14days. Find the time taken by 1 man alone and
that by one boy alone to finish the work .
Write your comment on child labour ?
Ans: One man can finish work in 140 days ,One boys can finish work in 280
day
7. Find the value of K for which the system of linear equations 2x+5y = 3 , (k +1 )x
+ 2(k + 2) y = 2K
will have infinite number of solutions.
Ans: K = 3
(SELF EVALUTION/HOTS)
1. Solve for x and y:
x+y=a+b
2
2
a x by= a b
2. For what value of k will the equation x +5y-7=0 and 4x +20y +k=0 represent
coincident lines?
3. Solve graphically: 3x +y +1=0
2 x -3y +8=0
4. The sum of two digit number obtained by reversing the order of digits is 165. If the
digits differ by 3. Find the number.
5. Draw the graph of x + 2y 7 =0 and 2x y -4 = 0. Shade the area bounded by
these lines and Y-axis.
6. Students of a class are made to stand in rows. If one student is extra in a row,
there would be 2 rows less. If one student is less in a row there would be 3 rows
more. Find the number of the students in the class.
7. A man travels 370 km partly by train and partly by car. If he covers 250 km by
train and the rest by the car it takes him 4 hours, but if he travels 130 km by train
and the rest by car, he takes 18 minutes longer. Find the speed of the train and
that of the car
SA-I
Page 21
8. Given linear equation 2x +3y-8=0, write another linear equation such that the
geometrical representation of the pair so formed is (i) intersecting lines, (ii) Parallel
Lines (iii) Coincident lines.
9. Ten student of class X took part in value base Quiz. If the number of boys
is 4 less than the number of girls represent the situation algebraically
and graphically.
Education is neither a privilege nor favor but a basic human right to
which all children in the (6to14) years age group are entitled with free
and compulsory education. Comment on it.
QUIZ
(Pair of linear equations in two variables)
Answer the following questions:
1. What is a pair of linear equations in two variables?
2. Give the general form of a pair of linear equation?
3. What are the methods of solving a pair of linear equation in two variables?
4. What is the condition for inconsistent solution?
5. What is the shape of curve in graph of a linear equation?
6. The pair x = 2 and y = -5 has --------------------- solution
Oral Test
1. Every solution (x, y) of a linear equation in two variables, ax+by +c = 0 corresponds to a
____ on the line representing the equation, and vice versa.
2. If the pair of linear equations in two variables have only one common point on both the
lines, then we have a _______ solution.
Study Material class X (Mathematics)
SA-I
Page 22
3. A pair of equations which has no solution is called a/an ________ pair of linear equations.
4. Half the perimeter of a rectangular garden, whose length is 4 m more than its width is 36
m. The dimension of the garden are ________ and ___________.
5. A pair of linear equations in two variables can be represented and solved by the graphical
method and _______ method.
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Page 23
TRIANGLES
KEY POINTS
1. Similar Triangles:- Two triangles are said to be similar, if (a) their corresponding
angles are equal and (b) their corresponding sides are in proportion (or are in the
same ration).
2. Basic proportionality Theorem [ or Thales theorem ].
3. Converse of Basic proportionality Theorem.
4. Criteria for similarity of Triangles.
(a) AA or AAA similarity criterion.
(b)SAS similarity criterion.
(c) SSS similarity criterion.
5. Areas of similar triangles.
6. Pythagoras theorem.
7. Converse of Pythagoras theorem.
(A) Main Concepts and Results
Congruence and similarity. Conditions for similarity of two polygons. Similarity of
Triangles, Similarity and correspondence of vertices. Criteria for similarity of triangles; (i)
AAA or AA (ii) SSS (iii) SAS
If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides,
then these two sides are divided in the same ratio (Basic Proportionality Theorem)
SA-I
Page 24
45
Fig 6.1
(B) 3
(C) 5
(D) 6
Fig 6 .2
(A) BD. CD = BC
(B) AB. AC = BC
(C) BD.CD = AD
(C) AB. AC = AD
(Ans. C)
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Page 25
2. The lengths of the diagonals of a rhombus are 16cm and 12 cm. Then, the length of the
side of the rhombus is
(A) 9 cm
(B) 10 cm
(C) 8 cm
(D) 20 cm
(Ans.
B)
3. If A B C ~ E D F and A B C is not similar to D E F, then which of the following is
true?
(A) BC . EF = AC . FD
(B) AB . EF = AC . DE
(C) BC . DE = AB . EF
(D) BC . DE = AB . FD
(Ans. B)
AB BC CA
=
=
QR PR PQ , then
(B) PQR ~ ABC
(D) BCA ~ PQR
(Ans. A)
5. In the given figure, two line segments AC and BD intersect each other at the point P such
that PS = 6 cm, PB = 3 cm, Pc = 2.5 cm, APB = 50 and CDP = 30. Then, PBA is
equal to
(A) 50
(B) 30
(C) 60
(D) 100
(Ans. D)
6. If in two triangles DEF and PQR, D=Q and R=E, then which of the following
is not true?
EF DF
=
(A)
PR PQ
(C)
DE DF
=
QR PQ
(B)
DE EF
=
PQ RP
(D)
EF DE
=
RP QR
(Ans. B)
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Page 26
7. In Triangles ABC and DEF, B = E, F = C and AB= 3 DE. Then, the two
Triangles are
(A) Congruent but not similar
(B) similar but not congruent
(C) Neither congruent nor similar (D) congruent as well as similar
(Ans. B)
(A) 9
BC 1
=
QR 3 , Then,
1
(B) 3
(C) 3
ar ( PRQ)
ar ( BCA)
is equal to
(D) 9
(Ans. D)
AB BC
=
DE FD , then they will be similar, when
(A) B = E
(B) A = D
(D) A = F
(C) B = D
(Ans. C)
ar (ABC ) 9
=
ar (PQR) 4 , AB = 18 cm and BC = 15 cm, then PR is equal to
(B) 12 cm
(C)
20
cm
3
(D) 8 cm
(Ans. A)
( Level -1)
1. If in two triangles, corresponding angles are equal, then the two triangles
are
Study Material class X (Mathematics)
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Page 27
SA-I
Page 28
13. Two isosceles triangles have equal angles and their areas are in the ratio 16:25, then
find the ratio of their corresponding heights
Ans. 4:5
14. Two poles of heights 6m and 11m stand vertically upright on a plane ground. If the
distance between
their feet is 12m,then find the distance between their tops.
Ans.13m
15. The lengths of the diagonals of a rhombus are 16cm and 12cm.Then, find the length
of the side of the
Rhombus.
Ans.
10cm
(Level - 2)
1. In given fig. BDAC and CEAB then prove that
(a)AEC~ADB
(b)CA/AB=CE/DB
PS
. SQ
PT
= TR , and PST=PQR. Prove that PQR is an
isosceles triangle.
P
and
B<900,
prove
that
B
Study Material class X (Mathematics)
SA-I
D
Page 29
4. In given fig. ABC is right angled at C and DEAB.Prove that ABC~ADE and hence
find length of AE and DE.
15 36
Ans . 17 , 17
EF
5. In a ABC , if DE||AC and DF||AE ,prove that BF
EC
= BE
BD
DA
6. In given fig.ADBC, if AD = DC , prove that
ABC
is
7. Ifs ABC and PQR are similar triangles .such that AB=4cm, BC=3cm, AC=5cm and
PQ=6cm. Find the perimeter of triangle PQR
Ans. 18 cm
8. What is the value of K in given figure if DE||BC.
Ans. K=4, -1
9. A pole of length 6m casts a shadow 4m long on the ground. At the same time a tower
casts a shadow of length 28m on the ground then find the height of the tower.
Ans. 42m
Level - 3
1. In village, Ekansh was having a plot in the shape of trapezium near a
school. He decided to donate some portions of it to construct hostel for
Study Material class X (Mathematics)
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homeless BOC , for library AOB, for playground DOC and for
community centre AOD in the figure where AB||DC and AB= 3CD, Find
the ratio of the areas of playground and library. What message is
conveyed Ekanshsplan.
Ans: 9:1,
one should generously
2. PQR is a right angled triangle with P=900. If PM QR, then show that
PM =QM X MR
3. In given fig.
QR
QT
QS = PR
PS
PT
=
SQ
TR =3.If area of PQR is 32cm, and then find the area of the
Quad. STQR
Ans.14 cm2
P
T
R
7. M is the mid-point of the side CD of a ||gm ABCD. The line BM is drawn intersecting AC
at L and AD produced at E. Prove that EL=2BL.
8. Prove that the ratio of the area of two similar s is equal to the square of the ratio of
their corresponding
Medians.
Study Material class X (Mathematics)
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9. D and E are points on the sides CA and CB respectively of ABC, right angled at C.
Prove that
AE+BD=AB+DE.
10 .ABC and DBC are two s on the same base BC and on the same side of BC with
A=D=900.If CA and
BD meet each other at E, Show that AE x EC=BE x ED.
Level - 4
1. Prove that in a right angled triangle the square of hypotenuse is equal to the sum of
the squares of the
other two sides.
2. If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides in
distinct points, prove
that the other two sides are divided into the same ratio.
3. ABC is right angled at B and D is midpoint of side BC. Prove that AC = 4AD - 3 AB
4. Prove that the ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the ratio of square
of their
Corresponding sides.
5. In a , if the square of one side is equal to sum of the squares of the other two sides,
prove that the
Angle opposite to the first side is a right angle.
6. In an equilateral ABC, D is a point on the side BC, such that BD =
1
3 BC. Prove
that9 AD = 7 AB
7. P and Q are the mid points of side CA and CB respectively of ABC right
angled at C. Prove that
4(AQ+ BP) = 5AB .
8. CM and RN are respectively the medians of ABC and PQR .If ABC~PQR, prove
that
(i) AMC~PNR
(ii) CM/RN=AB/PQ
(iii)CMB~RNQ
SELF EVALUATION
Study Material class X (Mathematics)
SA-I
Page 32
1. The diagonal BD of a ||gm ABCD intersects the line segment AE at the point F, where E
is any point on
the side BC. Prove that DF x EF=FB x FA.
2. In fig. DB BC, DEAB and AC BC. Prove that BE/DE=AC/BC.
3. In given fig. PA, QB, RC are each perpendicular to AC. Prove that
1
x +
1
z =
1
y
4. Prove that three times the sum of the squares of the sides of a triangle is equal to
four times the sum
of the squares of the medians of the triangle.
5. ABC is a right triangle with A = 900,A circle is inscribed in it. The lengths of the two
sides containing
the right angle are 6 cm and 8 cm. find the radius of the incircle.
Ans. 4cm
6. ABC is a right triangle, right angled at C. If
C to AB and a, b, c
have the usual meaning, then prove that
(i) cp = ab
( )
1
1 1
= +
p a b
7. In a trapezium ABCD, AB||DC and DC=2AB.EF||AB, where E and F lie on the side BC
and AD
respectively such that BE/EC=4/3.Diagonal DB intersects EF at G. Prove that
EF=11AB.
8. Sides AB, AC and median AD of a triangle ABC are respectively proportional to sides
PQ, PR and median
PM of another triangle PQR. Show that ABC~PQR.
Study Material class X (Mathematics)
SA-I
Page 33
9. A boy of height 120cm is walking from the base of lamp post at a uniform speed
reaches at a point D
In 5 seconds if 4.8m height lamp cast a 20m long shadow find the speed of the boy.
Ans
: speed of boy
=3m/sec
QUIZ
(Triangles)
1. What is SAS similarity criterion?
2. What is the relationship between congruency and similarity of figures?
3. What is the criteria for the similarity of two triangles?
4. For what types of triangles is Pythagoras theorem applicable?
5. What is the another name of Basic Proportionality Theorem?
ORAL TEST
1. All _________ triangles are similar(equilateral/ isosceles/Scalene)
2. The longest side of a right angled triangle is called _________.
3. In a __________ the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of squares of the
other two sides.
4. If the sides of two similar triangles are in the ratio 4: 9 then the area of these
triangles are in the ratio ------------5. In the given figure, if DE|| BC, then the value of x is _________
SA-I
Page 34
INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY
IMPORTANT CONCEPTS
1. Trigonometric ratios of an acute angle of a right angled triangle.
Side opposite
C
BC
sin =
=
Hypotenuse AC
Side adjacent
AB
cos =
=
Hypotenuse AC
Side
opposite
to angle
Hypotenus
e
Side opposite
Side adjacent
BC
tan = =
AB
Side Adjacent
Side Opposite
1
AB
cot =
= =
tan
BC
Side adjacent
1
Hypotenuse
AC
sec =
=
=
cos
AB
Side adjacent to
angle
side Opposite
1
Hypotenuse
AC
cosec =
=
sin
BC
1 +cot2 = cosec2
SA-I
Page 35
sin
cos
tan
0o
0
1
0
30o
3/2
1/3
45o
1/2
1/2
1
60o
3/2
1/2
3
cot
1/3
sec
Not
defined
1
2/3
cosec
Not
defined
2/3
90o
1
0
Not
defined
0
Not
defined
1
The values of trigonometric ratios of an angle do not vary with the lengths of the
sides of the triangle, if the angle remains the same.
If one trigonometric ratio of an angle is given, the other trigonometric ratios of the
angle can be determined.
The value of sin A or cos A never exceeds 1, whereas the value of sec A or cosec A is
always greater than or equal to 1.
Q. 1 : The value of
(A)-1
(B) 0
+ cos 30
sin 30
30
sin 60 + cos
is
(C) 1
(D) 2
Answer (B)
SA-I
Page 36
Q. 2: The value of
tan 30
cot 60
1
2
(A)
is
1
3
(B)
(C)
(D) 1
Answer (D)
1
2
(A)
cos 45 ) is
(B)
(C)
(D) 1
Answer (B)
Exemplary Problems
cos A=
1. If
4
5 , then the value of
3
5
(A)
tan A
is
3
4
(B)
(C)
4
3
(D)
5
3
Ans (B)
sin A=
2. If
1
2 , then the value of
(A)
cot A
(B)
is
1
3
(C)
(D)
Ans (A)
3. The value of the expression
(A) -1
(C) 1
(D)
is
3
2
Ans (B)
4. Given that
b
2
b a2
(A)
sin =
a
b , then
cos
(B)
is equal to
b
a
(C)
b 2a2
(D)
a
b a2
2
Ans (C)
Study Material class X (Mathematics)
SA-I
Page 37
5. If
cos
(A)
(B)
cos 2
sin
(C)
(D)
sin 2
Ans (D)
6. The value of
(A) 0
(B) 1
(C) 2
(D)
1
2
Ans (B)
7. If
cos 9 =sin
and
1
3
(A)
(B)
tan 5
is
(C) 1
(D) 0
Ans (C)
8. If
ABC
is right angled at
(A) 0
(B) 1
cos( A +B)
(C)
is
1
2
(D)
3
2
Ans (A)
9. If
sin A +sin A
(A) 1
(B)
1
2
( cos A+ cos 4 A )
is
(C) 2
(D) 3
Ans (A)
10.Given that
sin =
1
2
and
cos =
1
2 , then the value of
(A) 0
(B) 30
( + )
is
(C) 60
(D)
90
Ans (D)
11.The value of the expression
(A)3
sin 22 +sin 68
+ sin 63 + cos 63 sin 27
cos 22 +cos 68
(B)2
(C)1
is
(D)0
Ans (B)
SA-I
Page 38
12.If
4 tan =3 , then
(A)
2
3
(D)
3
4
cos
( 44sinsin+
cos )
(B)
is equal to
1
3
(C)
1
2
Ans (C)
13.If
(A) 1
(B)
( sin 4 + cos4 )
is
3
4
(C)
1
2
(D)
1
4
Ans (A)
14. sin ( 45 +0 ) cos ( 45 0 )
(A)
is equal to
2 cos
(B) 0
(C)
2 sin
(D) 1
Ans (B)
15.A pole
6m
2 3 m
(A) 60
(C) 30
(D) 90
Ans (C)
SA-I
Page 39
(Level 1)
1. If and 3-30 are acute angles such that sin =cos (3-30),then find the value of
tan .
1
Ans. 3
2. Find the value of
( cos 30 +sin 60 )
(1+cos 60 +sin 30 )
Ans. 23
Ans. 2
then find the value of cos-sin
7
Ans. 25
1
Ans. p
8. If
cot +
1
cot
cot2 +
3
Ans. 5
1
2
cot .
Ans. 2
b+a
ba
SA-I
Page 40
Level - 2
1. If sec =5/4 then evaluate tan /(1+tan).
12
Ans: 25
sinA secB
cos B
= tanA
4. Prove that
secA1
secA +1 . +
secA +1
secA1
= 2cosecA
11 sin 70
4 cos 53 cosec 37
7 cos 20
7 tan 15 tan35 tan 55 tan 75
Ans:1
7. Prove that
cosecA 1
cosecA+ 1
cosecA+ 1
cosecA 1
= 2secA.
8. In a right angle triangle ABC, right angled at B, if tan A=1, then verify that
2sinA cos A = 1.
9. If tan (A-B)=3, and sin A =1, then find A and B.
Ans:90& 30
10. If is an acute angle and sin = cos , find the value of 3tan + 2sin
1.
Ans:3
11. If
x
a cos +
y
b
sin = 1 and
x
a sin
y
b
= 2.
Level - 3
Study Material class X (Mathematics)
SA-I
Page 41
2. If cos
= m, and
cos
sin = n, show that (m+n) cos = n.
SA-I
Page 42
3. Prove that
1
cos
1
cos
6. Evaluate
Ans.
sin
sincos
1
sec +tan
a
x
b
y
= 1.
= sin + cos
25
6
1+cosA+sinA
1+ sinA
cosA .
sin 2 sin
8. Prove that 2 cos cos
= tan.
1+ tan A
9. Prove that 1+ cot A
1tanA
1 cotA
= tanA.
SA-I
Page 43
10. If cot =
Ans. 1,
7
8 , evaluate (i)cos + sin (ii)cos - sin.
15
113
Self Evaluation
1. If a cos + b sin = c, then prove that a sin b co s = a +b c .
B+C
2. If A,B,C are interior angles of triangle ABC, show that cosec( 2 ) -
tan
A
2
= 1.
2
Ans: 3
QUIZ
(Introduction to Trigonometry)
1. What is trigonometry?
Study Material class X (Mathematics)
SA-I
Page 44
ORAL TEST
In a right triangle ABC, right angles at B, sin A = ______.
Sec(90o A) = __________
Sec2A - _________ = 1 , for 0o A 90o.
If cot = 7/8, then (1+ sin )(1 sin )/(1 + cos)(1 cos)
(1 tan2 45o )/( 1 +tan2 45o )= ___________
STATISTICS
Key Concepts
The
i.
ii.
iii.
(i)
Direct Method
n
fixi
Mean =
i=1
n
fi
i=1
fidi
Mean =
=a+
i=1
n
fi
i=1
SA-I
Page 45
And di= Xi - a
(iii)
fiui
Mean =
=a+
i=1
n
fi
i=1
h = class size
And ui= (Xi a)/h
( )
Where
l = lower limit of median class
n = number of observations
cf = cumulative frequency of class preceding the median class
f = frequency of median class
h = class size of the median class.
f 1fo
xh
( 2 f 1fof
2)
Where
l = lower limit of modal class
h = size of class interval
f1 = Frequency of the modal class
fo = frequency of class preceding the modal class
f2= frequency of class succeeding the modal class
Ogive
Ogive is the graphical representation of the cumulative frequency distribution. It is
of two types:
(i)
Less than type ogive.
(ii)
More than type ogive
SA-I
Page 46
LEVEL 1
S.N
o.
1
2
3
4
Question
Ans
12.9
Median
33
Mode =40
30-40
1
35
LEVEL 2
S.N
o.
1
Question
Ans
78
80-90
90-100
11
13
50-60
13
28.5
50-60
5
0-6
11
6-10
10
10-14
7
14-20
4
20-28
4
28-38
3
38-40
1
Write the above distribution as less than type and more than type
Study Material class X (Mathematics)
SA-I
33.3
3
Page 47
No. of
more
days
than 0
no. of
40
student
s
more
than 6
29
Less
Than
20
32
Less
Than
28
36
Less
Than
38
39
Less
Than
40
40
more
more
more
more
more
than 10 than 14 than 20 than 28 than 38
19
12
8
4
1
LEVEL 3
S.N
o
1
Question
If the mean distribution is 25
Class
0-10
10-20
Frequency
5
18
Ans
20-30
15
P=16
40-50
6
30-40
P
Then find p.
The frequency distribution table of donation of a class X
25
students from their pocket money to PM relief fund is given
below.
Money Rs
0-10
10-20
20-30
30-40
40-50
Frequenc
7
12
13
10
8
y
find the mean of the following frequency distribution using
step deviation method. Which quality of class X is being
depicted in the question?
Less
Than
90
Less
Than
110
SA-I
Less
Than
130
P=10
80-90
8
76.36
Less
than
150
Page 48
Frequency
5.
10
25
43
65
87
96
100
38-40
3
40-42
42-44
44-46
46-48
14
48-50
50-52
Median=46.
5kg
Draw a less than type and more than type Ogive from given data.
Hence obtain the median from the graph.
LEVEL 4
S
1
Question
The mean of the following frequency distribution is 50 and the sum of the
observations is 120. Find the missing frequencies f1 and f2.
Class
0-20
20-40
40-60
60-80
80-100
Frequenc
17
f1
32
f2
19
y
The following distribution give the daily income of 65 workers of a factory
Daily
100120140160180income
120
140
160
180
200
(in Rs)
No. of
14
16
10
16
9
workers
Convert the above to a more than type cumulative frequency distribution
and draw its ogive.
20
SELF EVALUATION
SA-I
Page 49
Ans
f1
=28
and
f2
=24
Ans
x=4
&
y=6
1. What is the value of the median of the data using the graph in figure of less than
ogive and more than ogive?
2. If mean =60 and median =50, then find mode using empirical relationship.
3. Find the value of p, if the mean of the following distribution is 18.
Variants
13
15
17
19
20+p
23
(xi)
Frequency 8
2
3
4
5p
6
(fi)
4. Find the mean, mode and median for the following data.
Classes
0-10
10-20 20-30 30-40
40-50
50-60
frequency
5
8
15
20
14
8
60-70
5
5. The median of the following data is 52.5. find the value of x and y, if the total
frequency is 100.
Class
0-10 10-20
203040-50 50-60
60708090Interval
30
40
70
80
90
100
frequency
2
5
X
12
17
20
Y
9
7
4
6. Draw less than ogive and more than ogive for the following distribution and
hence find its median.
Classes
20-30 30-40
40-50 50-60 60-70
70-80
80-90
frequency
10
8
12
24
6
25
15
7. Find the mean marks for the following data.
Marks
Belo Below Below Belo Below
w 10
20
30
w 40
50
No. of
students
17
29
45
Below
60
Below
70
60
70
Belo Belo
w 80 w 90
78
83
SA-I
Page 50
Belo
w
100
85
persons
9. If the median of the following data is 32.5. Find the value of x and y.
Class
0-10 10-20
203040-50 50-60
60Total
Interval
30
40
70
frequency
x
5
9
12
y
3
2
40
10.
The mean
of the following distribution is 18. the frequency f is missing .Determine f.
Class
11-13
13-15
15-17
17-19
19-21
21-23
23-25
Interval
frequenc
3
6
9
13
f
5
4
y
QUIZ
(STATISTICS)
1. Name the measures of central tendency.
2. What is cumulative frequency?
3. How will you represent the cumulative frequency distribution graphically?
4. How will you find the median of a grouped data graphically with the help of one ogive?
5. How will you find the median of a grouped data graphically with the help of both ogives
(i.e of the less than type and of more than type)?
6.
ORAL TEST
1. __________ is the sum of the values of all the observations divided by the total number of
observations.
2. Class mark = _____ /2.
3. The formula for finding the mean using the step deviation method is _________.
4. The formula for finding the mode in a grouped frequency distribution is _________.
5. The formula for finding the median of grouped data is ___________.
6. The mean of first n natural numbers is ----------------------.
ACTIVITIES (TERM-I)
(Any Eight)
Study Material class X (Mathematics)
SA-I
Page 51
Activity1:
To find the HCF of two Numbers Experimentally Based on Euclid Division Lemma
Activity2:
ii.
iii.
Activity3:
Activity4:
variables
Activity5:
To Draw a System of Similar Squares, Using two intersecting Strips with nails
Activity6:
Activity7:
Activity8:
To verify the theorem: Ratio of the Areas of Two Similar Triangles is Equal to the
Ratio of the Squares of their corresponding sides through paper cutting.
Activity9:
Activity10:
Verify that two figures (objects) having the same shape ( and not Necessarily the
same size) are similar figures. Extend the similarity criterion to Triangles.
Activity11:
Activity12:
Activity13:
ACTIVITY- 1
Study Material class X (Mathematics)
SA-I
Page 52
TOPIC:-
ii.
iii.
A scale
TO PERFORM THE ACTIVITY:Steps:1. Draw a square on the graph paper whose each side is of length 5 cm and then
make partition of this square into 25 small squares as shown in fig 1.1 each small
square has its side of length 1cm.
Here, we observe that the area of the square having side of length 5 cm =5 2
cm2=25cm2
2. As shown in Fig 1.2 draw there equal squares where each square is of same size
as in figure 1.1 then the total area in the fig1.2
=52+52+52 cm2
=52x3cm2 ie,75 cm2
Fig=1.1
Fig=1.2
3. As shown in fig 1.3 draw six equal square where each square is as same size as in
Fig 1.1 Here , three squares are in one row and three squares in the second row.
We observe that the total area of six squares
=52x(3+3)cm2
Study Material class X (Mathematics)
SA-I
Page 53
= 52x3x2 cm2
Also observe that the total area
=75cm2+75cm2=150cm2
Hence, we have verified that
150=52x3x2
Fig-1.3
SA-I
Page 54
ACTIVITY-2
TOPIC:- Ratio of the areas of two similar triangles
STATEMENT:-The ratio of the area of two similar triangle is equal to the ratio of the
squares of their corresponding sides.
OBJECTIVE:- To verify the above statement through activity.
OBSERVATION:1. Area of ABC= Area of 25 smaller triangle in fig (i)=25 square unit
Study Material class X (Mathematics)
SA-I
Page 55
25 P =25
9P
9
4. (AB)2
(AB)2
(AB)2
25
2 =
2 =
(DE)
(3/5AB )
9/25(AB)2 =
9
Similarly
(BC)2
25
(CA)2
2 =
(EF)
9
and
(FD)2 =
25
9
SA-I
Page 56
ACTIVITY-3
TOPIC:- Trigonometric identities.
STATEMENT:- sin2 + cos2=1,00<<900
OBJECTIVE: - To verify the above identity
PRE-REQUISITE KNOWLEDGE:- In a right angled triangle.
Side opposite to angle
sin = Hypotenuse of the triangle
Side adjacent to angle
cos = Hypotenuse of the triangle
MATERIAL REQUIRED:1. Drawing sheet
2. Black ball point pen
3. Geometry box
4. Scale
TO PERFORM THE ACTIVITY
Step:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
8.4
ACTIVITY-4
Study Material class X (Mathematics)
SA-I
Page 57
135140
140145
145150
150155
155160
160165
Number
of girls
18
11
Total
no of
girls
51
4. On three different sheets of paper find mean height on the sheet of paper , median
height on the second and the modal height on the third sheet of paper.
5. Let us find mean by step deviation method:Class of
heights
(in cm)
135-140
140-145
145-150
150-155
155-160
160-165
Frequency
p
4
7
18
11
6
5
fi=51
Class mark
xi
137.5
142.5
147.5
152.5
157.5
162.5
U1=
Fi x ui
a=
147.5,h=5
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
-8
-7
0
11
12
13
x 1147.5
5
SA-I
fiui=51
Page 58
fiui
fi
Mean=a+h x
=(147.5+2.255)cm=149.755cm
6. Let us find median of the data:Class of height
(in cm)
135-140
140-145
145-150
150-155
155-160
160-165
Total
Frequency number of
girls
4
7
18=f
11
6
5
n
Cumulative
frequency
4
11=cf
29
40
46
51
fi=51
n/2=25.5
we have median
class (145-150)
it gives
l=145,h=5,f=18,cf=11
median=l+
{ }
n
cf
2
f
x h=145 +
{25.511
18 }
x5
=145+14.5 x5
18
=145+4.028
=149.028cm
7. Let us find mode of the data:Class of heights (in cm)
(Modal
f2=11
135-140
140-145
145-150
150-155
155-160
160-165
Total
FREQUENCY (No of
Girls)
4
7=f1
18=fm
11=f2
6
5
51
class)
Modal class is 145-150
Thus l=145, h=5, fm=18, f1=7,
Mode=H
xh=145 +
187
{36711
}
fmf 1
{2 fmf
1f 2 }
x5
=145+55/18 =145+3.055
=148.055 cm
8. CONCLUSION:Mean=149.755, median=149.028 and mode=148.055
Study Material class X (Mathematics)
SA-I
Page 59
3x median=3x149.028=447.084
Mode + 2 x mean=148.055+2x149.755
=148.055+299.510=447.565
Thus we have verified that 3x median =mode + 2 x mean(Approx)
SA-I
Page 60
Maximum Marks:
90
General Instructions:
1. All questions are compulsory.
2. The question paper consists of 31 questions divided into four sections A, B, C and
D. Section A comprises of 4 questions of 1 mark each, Section B comprises of 6
questions of 2 marks each. Section C comprises of 10 questions of 3 marks each
and Section D comprises of 11 questions of 4 marks each.
3. Question numbers 1 to 4 in Section A are multiple choice questions where you are
to select on correct option out of the given four.
4. There is no overall choice. However, internal choice has been provided in 1
question of two marks, 3 questions of three marks each and 1 question of four
marks each. You have to attempt only one of the alternatives in all such questions.
5. Use of calculator is not permitted.
6. An additional 15 minutes time has been allotted to read this question paper only.
SECTION A
1. After how many places of decimal will the decimal expansion of
14
1250
terminate?
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
m
n
(B) 2 X 5
m
n
(C) 2 X 5
(D)
2 X5
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(A) 0
(B) 1
(C) 2
(D) 3
(A) 2cm
(B) 3cm
(C) 4cm
(D) 5cm
SECTION - B
5. Prove that
5+2 3
is irrational.
p ( x )=2 x 2 x +(k2)
OR
The sides of a rectangle ABCD in order are:
AB=20 cm , BC=6 cm, CD=( x + y ) cm, DA= ( x y ) cm
Find the values of
x y
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has infinite
number of solutions.
8. Prove that the diagonals of a trapezium divide each other proportionally.
9. If
10.
where
4A
A.
The median and mean of a data are respectively Rs. 151 and Rs. 152.
SECTION - C
11.
Use Euclids division lemma to show that the square of any positive integers
3m
or
3 m+1
20 km
2 hours
and upstream
4 km
in
2 hours . Find the speed of her rowing in still water and the speed of the current.
OR
In an entrance test, one mark is awarded for each correct answer while
1
2
mark
is deducted for each wrong answer. Gayatri answered 120 questions and got 90
marks. How many questions did she answer correctly?
13.
x3 y=62 x3 y=12
is consistent. If
Prove that the sum of the squares of the sides of a rhombus is equal to the
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16.
If
sin =
p 1
p +1
OR
Evaluate:
17.
If A,B,C are the interior angles of a triangle ABC, then show that
sin
18.
A
=cos
( B+C
)
2
2
.
1
1
1
1
Prove that :
19.The following distribution shows the daily pocket allowance of children of locality.
The mean pocket allowance is Rs.18. Find the missing frequency f :
Daily pocket
allowance
11-13
13-15
15-17
17-19
19-21
21-23
23-25
13
(in Rs.)
Number of
Children
5-15
15-25
25-35
35-45
45-55
Number of patients
11
21
23
14
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55-6
5
SECTION - D
21.The floor of a room is in the shape of a rectangle of length 9.6m and the
breadth 4.2m. Find the measure of the side of the largest square shaped tile that
can be used in the whole to cover the floor completely. How many such tiles are
needed for the purpose?
22The ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the square of the ratio
of their corresponding sides. Prove it.
23.If
24.If
7 sin +3 cos =4
cosec +sec=2+
2
3
m n =4 mn
(OR)
Prove that:
sin 2sin
=tan
2 cos cos
ABC ,
BC
such that
1
BD = BC .
3
Prove that
9 AD =7 AB
2 x 4 3 x 33 x2 +6 x2
2 and 2 .
27.Places A and B are 100km apart on a highway. One car starts from A and another
from B at the same time. If the cars travel in the same direction at different speeds,
they meet in 5 hours. If they travel towards each other, they meet in 1 hour. What are
the speeds of the two cars?
28. 2 men and 7 boys can do a piece of work in 4 days. The same work is done in 3
days by 4 men and 4 boys. Find the number of days taken by 1 man and 1 boy to
finish the work separately. Write your comment on child labour?
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29. The following table gives the production yield per hectare of wheat of 100 farms
of a village. Change the distribution to a more than or equal type distribution and
draw its ogive:
Production Yield
(in Kg/ha)
Number of farms
50-55
55-60
60-65
65-70
70-75
12
24
38
30.A survey regarding the heights (in cm) of 51 girls of Class X of a school was
conducted and the following
data was obtained:
Height (in cm)
Less than 140
Less than 145
Less than 150
Less than 155
Less than 160
Less than 165
Number of girls
4
11
29
40
46
51
5 sin 3 cos
5 sin+ 3 cos
(Marking Scheme)
Class-10: MATHEMATICS
1. D
(1)
2. B
(1)
3. A
(1)
4. C
(1)
5. Let
5+2 3
is rational
p
5+2 3 =
q
3 =
( 12 )
p5 q
2q
( 12 )
etc
contradiction
(1)
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Page 66
75-8
16
k2
=1
2
6.
(1)
k =4
(1)
7.
x+ y=20, x y=6
(1)
x=13, y=7
(1)
2 3 4
= =
6 k 12
(1)
k =9
(1)
(1)
Proof
(1)
9.
(1)
( 12 )
90 +20 =5 A
( 12 )
A=22
10.
( 12 )
( 12 )
(1)
( 12 )
( 3 q ) =9 q =3 ( 3 q2 ) =3 m
12.
( 12 )
3 q , 3 q+1,3 q+ 2
(1)
(1
x kmph
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Page 67
y kmph
2 ( x + y )=20
(1)
2 ( x y )=4
(1)
x=6, y=4
(1)
13.
x
y
x+ y=120
(1)
1
x y=90
2
(1)
x=6, y=4
(1)
a1 1 b1
= , =1
a2 2 b2
( 12 )
a1
b1
a2 b2
( 12 )
(1 12 )
Graph
( 12 )
x=6, y=0
14.
( 12 )
Figure
(2 12 )
Proof
OR
( 12 )
Figure
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(1)
(1 12 )
15.
By P.T, PR=10cm
(1)
By P.T, PQ=24cm
(1)
ar ( PQB )=120 cm
(1)
1+ sin
=p
cos
16.
( 12 )
( 12 )
(1+sin)
=p
1sin
1+ sin
=p
1sin
(1)
p 1
p +1
(1)
sin =
OR
2
( 12 ) + 4( 23 ) ( 1)
(1 12 )
67
12
(1 12 )
AB+C=180
17.
B+C
A
= 90
2
2
sin
18.
(1)
(1)
A
=cos
( B+C
)
2
2
(1)
LHS
sec tan
sec
sectan
tan
(1)
( 12 )
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Page 69
RHS
sec
tan
sec tan
sec +tan
(1)
( 12 )
LHS=RHS
19.
20.
Correct Table
(1)
fi=44+ f
( 12 )
fi . xi=752+20 f
( 12 )
752+20 f
=18
44 +f
( 12 )
f =20
( 12 )
l+
Mode =
35+
=
=
f 1f 0
Xh
2 f 1f 0f 2
(1)
2321
X 10
2(23)2114
(1)
36.8 years
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(3)
( 12 )
1
2
cosec=2, sec=
(1 12 )
2
3
(1 12 )
2
3
( 12 )
cosec +sec=2+
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Page 70
m 2n2= ( m+ n )( mn )
24.
4 tan .sin
(2)
(2)
LHS=RHS
OR
2
LHS=
tan
(1 12 )
x1
(2)
tan
( 12 )
RHS
25. Figure
Proof
26.
Let
(1)
(3)
x
( 22)
(1)
2x
( 23 x+1)
(1 12 )
2x
( 23 x +1)=0
1
x= x =1
2
1
( 12 )
A=x
kmph
(2)
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Page 71
28.
x+ y=100
(1)
x=60, y=40
(1)
(1)
1
3
12 x +12 y=1
y=
( 12 )
1
4
8 x+ 28 y =1
4 x + 4 y=
(2)
1
1
, x=
60
15
1
( 2 )
For value
(2)
(2)
30.
Height in cm
C.I
135-140
140-145
145-150
150-155
155-160
160-165
TOTAL
Median
Number of girls
fi
4
7
18
11
6
5
N=51
Cf
(<type)
4
11
29
40
46
51
[ ]
n
cf
2
l+
Xh
f
(2)
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145+
25.511
X5
18
149.03 cm
(2)
3
= 5
tan
31.
(1/2)
3
34
sin =
(1/2)
cos =
5
34
5 sin 3 cos
5 sin+ 3 cos
(1/2)
(2
1
2 )
PROJECTS
Project 1 :
Efficiency in packing
Project 2 :
Project 3:
Experiment on probability
Project 4:
Project 5:
Project 6:
Project 7:
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Project 8:
Project 9 :
Male-Female ratio
Project 13 :
(Pie)
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