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Stoichiometry Notes KEY
Stoichiometry Notes KEY
Stoichiometry deals with numerical relationships in chemical reactions, and calculating the quantities of
substances involved in chemical reactions.
2. When potassium chlorate is heated it breaks down to potassium chloride and oxygen.
a. Write the complete balanced reaction.
2 KClO3 2 KCl + 3 O2
b. How many moles of potassium chloride will be produced if 6.2 moles of potassium chlorate break
down?
6.2 mol KClO3 x
2 mol KCl
= 6.2 mol KCl
2 mol KClO3
c. How many moles of oxygen are formed if 4.9 moles of potassium chloride are formed?
4.9 mol KCl x 3 mol O2
= 7.35 mol O2
2 mol KCl
d. How many moles of potassium chlorate must break down in order to produce 0.95 moles of oxygen?
0.95 mol O2 x
2 mol KClO3
= 0.63 mol KClO3
3 mol O2
b.
c.
d.
e.
RXN:
3 F2 + 2 AlI3 3 I2 + 2 AlF3
How many moles of fluorine gas are needed to react with 2.50 moles of aluminum iodide?
2.5 mol AlI3 x
3 mol F2 = 3.75 mol F2
2 mol AlI3
What mass of iodine will form if 4.20 moles of fluorine gas react with excess aluminum iodide?
4.2 mol F2 x 3 mol I2
x
253.8 g I2
= 1066 g I2
3 mol F2
1 mol I2
What mass of fluorine gas is needed to react with 2.15 moles of aluminum iodide?
2.15 mol AlI3 x
3 mol F2
x
38.0 g F2
= 122.6 g F2
2 mol AlI3
1 mol F2
What volume of fluorine gas, at STP, was used if 0.55 moles aluminum fluoride were formed?
0.55 mol AlF3 x
3 mol F2
x
22.4 L F2
= 18.5 L F2
2 mol AlF3
1 mol F2
= 93 g Fe
________________
e. What mass of iron (III) oxide can be formed from the reaction of 10.2 g of iron with excess oxygen?
10.2 g Fe x
1 mol Fe
x
2 mol Fe2O3
x
159.6 g Fe2O3 = 14.6 g Fe2O3
55.8 g Fe
4 mol Fe
1 mol Fe2O3
________________
f. What mass of oxygen is needed to react with 12.7 g of iron?
12.7 g Fe x
1 mol Fe
x
3 mol O2
x
32.0 g O2
55.8 g Fe
4 mol Fe
1 mol O2
= 5.46 g O2
________________
g. What mass of iron (III) oxide will be formed if 10.0 L of oxygen at STP react with excess iron?
10 L O2 x
1 mol O2
x
2 mol Fe2O3
x
159.6 g Fe2O3 = 47.5 g Fe2O3
22.4 L O2
3 mol O2
1 mol Fe2O3
________________
2. Barium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid to form barium chloride and water. Write a balanced
equation for the reaction below. What type is it?
______Ba(OH)2 + 2 HCl BaCl2 + 2 H2O____________________________
a. What type of reaction is this? double replacement
b. What mass of barium chloride will form if 14.0 g of barium hydroxide reacts with excess hydrochloric
acid?
14 g Ba(OH)2 x
1 mol Ba(OH)2
171.3 g Ba(OH)2
1 mol BaCl2 x
1 mol Ba(OH)2
208.3 g BaCl2
1 mol BaCl2
= 17.0 g BaCl2
________________
c. How many grams of hydrochloric acid are needed to react with 15.0 g of barium hydroxide?
15 g Ba(OH)2 x
1 mol Ba(OH)2
171.3 g Ba(OH)2
2 mol HCl
x
1 mol Ba(OH)2
36.5 g HCl
1 mol HCl
= 6.39 g HCl
________________
d. What mass of barium chloride will form if 5.98 g of hydrochloric acid react with excess barium
hydroxide?
5.98 g HCl x
1 mol HCl
36.5 g HCl
1 mol BaCl2
2 mol HCl
208.3 g BaCl2
1 mol BaCl2
= 17.1 g BaCl2
________________
e. How many molecules of water are formed by the reaction of 10.8 g of barium hydroxide with excess
hydrochloric acid?
10.8 g Ba(OH)2 x
1 mol Ba(OH)2
171.3 g Ba(OH)2
= 7.6 x 1022
molecules H2O
________________
actual yield
theoretical yield
x 100%
1 mol C3H8
22.4 L C3H8
3 mol CO2
1 mol C3H8
22.4 L CO2
1 mol CO2
= 60.0 L CO2
The reaction only produces 48.0 L of carbon dioxide. What is the percent yield?
(48 60) x 100% = 80%
What is the percent error?
___________________
___________________
2. Sodium chlorate decomposes to produce sodium chloride and oxygen. Write and balance the reaction.
Then determine the mass of sodium chloride that should form if 150 g of sodium chlorate decomposes.
Reaction:
2 NaClO3 2 NaCl + 3 O2
150 g NaClO3 x
1 mol NaClO3
106.5 g NaClO3
____________________
x 2 mol NaCl x
2 mol NaClO3
58.5 g NaCl
1 mol NaCl
= 82.4 g NaCl
The reaction above is carried out in the lab, and 55 g of sodium chloride is collected.
What is the percent yield?
(55 82.4) x 100% = 66.7%
____________________
Determine the percent error.
(100 66.7) = 33.3%
____________________
2 mol Al2O3
4 mol Al
= 2 mol Al2O3
2 mol Al2O3
3 mol O2
1 mol Al
27.0 g Al
2 mol Al2O3
4 mol Al
102 g Al2O3
1 mol Al2O3
= 37.8 g Al2O3
1 mol O2
22.4 L O2
2 mol Al2O3
3 mol O2
102 g Al2O3
1 mol Al2O3
= 45.5 g Al2O3
20.15 g KI x
1 mol F2
38.0 g F2
1 mol KI
166.0 g KI
2 mol KF
1 mol F2
2 mol KF
2 mol KI
58.1 g KF
1 mol KF
= 38.5 g KF
58.1 g KF
1 mol KF
= 7.05 g KF
1 mol C3H8
44 g C3H8
3 mol CO2
1 mol C3H8
44 g CO2
1 mol CO2
= 150 g CO2
c. Find the expected yield of carbon dioxide if oxygen is the limiting reactant:
40 L O2 x
1 mol O2
22.4 L O2
3 mol CO2
5 mol O2
44 g CO2
1 mol CO2
= 47.1 g CO2
e. Use the limiting reactant to determine how much of the excess reactant does react.
40 L O2 x
1 mol O2
22.4 L O2
1 mol C3H8
5 mol O2
44 g C3H8
1 mol C3H8
= 15.7 g C3H8
f. Subtract the amount that reacts from the amount you started with to find the mass of propane gas
remaining.
50 15.7 = 34.3 g C3H8 remains
1 mol CuI2
1 mol Cu
317.3g CuI2
1 mol CuI2
= 174.9 g CuI2
c. Find the expected yield of copper (II) iodide if silver iodide is the limiting reactant:
90.0 g AgI x 1 mol AgI x
234.8g
1 mol CuI2
2 mol AgI
317.3g CuI2
1 mol CuI2
= 60.8 g CuI2
e. Use the limiting reactant to determine how much of the excess reactant does react.
90.0 g AgI x 1 mol AgI x
234.8g
1 mol Cu
2 mol AgI
63.5 g Cu
1 mol Cu
= 12.2 g Cu reacted
f. Subtract the amount that reacts from the amount you started with to find the mass remaining.
35.0g Cu 12.2g Cu = 22.8 g Cu remains
10
Make the following mole conversions. Show ALL work for credit!
1.
2.
1 mol O2
22.4 L O2
1 mol CO2
44 g CO2
= 0.107 mol O2
22.4 L CO2
1 mol CO2
= 4.15 L CO2
6.
= 99.6 g LiCl
5.
42.4 g LiCl
1 mol LiCl
4.
3.
1 mol Ba(NO3)2
261.3 g Ba(NO3)2
1 mol NI3
x
6.02 x 1023 molecules NI3
394.7 g
1 mol NI3
327.2 g Pb(CO3)2
1 mol Pb(CO3)2
11
= 13.9 g Pb(CO3)2
= 146.9 g NI3
N2 + 3 H2 2 NH3
How many moles of hydrogen are needed to completely react with two moles of
nitrogen?
2 mol N2 x
2.
3 mol H2
1 mol N2
2 KClO3 2 KCl + 3 O2
How many moles of oxygen are produced by the decomposition of six moles of
potassium chlorate?
6 mol KClO3 x
3.
3 mol O2
2 mol KClO3
= 9 mol O2
Zn + 2 HCl ZnCl2 + H2
How many moles of hydrogen are produced from the reaction of three moles of zinc with
an excess of hydrochloric acid?
3 mol Zn x 1 mol H2
1 mol Zn
4.
= 6 mol H2
= 3 mol H2
5.
5 mol O2
1 mol C3H8
= 20 mol O2
Write and balance the reaction for mixing solutions of potassium phosphate and
magnesium nitrate.
K3PO4 + Al(NO3)3 3 KNO3 + AlPO4_________________________________
How many moles of potassium nitrate are produced when 2 moles of potassium
phosphate react?
2 mol K3PO4 x
3 mol KNO3
1 mol K3PO4
= 6 mol KNO3
12
13
Al2O3
CO2
12 + (2 x 16) = 44 g/mol
b. What mass of aluminum carbonate is needed to form 2.5 moles of carbon dioxide?
2.5 mol CO2 x
1 mol Al2(CO3)3
3 mol CO2
234 g Al2(CO3)3
1 mol Al2(CO3)3
= 195 g Al2(CO3)3
c. What mass of aluminum oxide will form if 2.2 moles of carbon dioxide form?
2.2 mol CO2 x
1 mol Al2O3
3 mol CO2
x 102 g Al2O3
1 mol Al2O3
= 74.8 g Al2O3
d. What mass of aluminum carbonate must decompose in order to form 2.2 moles of aluminum oxide?
2.2 mol Al2O3 x 1 mol Al2(CO3)3
1 mol Al2O3
234 g Al2(CO3)3
1 mol Al2(CO3)3
= 514.8 g Al2O3
e. What volume of carbon dioxide will form if 5.0 moles of aluminum carbonate decompose at STP?
5 mol Al2(CO3)3 x
3 mol CO2
x 22.4 L CO2
1 mol Al2(CO3)3 1 mol CO2
14
= 336 L CO2
2 KClO3 2 KCl + 3 O2
How many grams of potassium chloride are produced when 25 g of potassium chlorate
decomposes?
25 g KClO3 x
2.
= 15.2 g KCl
1 mol N2
28 g N2
3 mol H2
1 mol N2
2 g H2
1 mol H2
= 12.9 g H2
N2 + 3 H2 2 NH3
How many grams of ammonia are produced if 60.0 g of nitrogen react with excess hydrogen?
60 g N2 x
4.
74.6 g KCl
1 mol KCl
N2 + 3 H2 2 NH3
How many grams of hydrogen are necessary to react with 60.0 g of nitrogen?
60 g N2 x
3.
1 mol N2
28 g N2
2 mol NH3
1 mol N2
x 17 g NH3
1 mol NH3
= 72.9 g NH3
5.
2 mol AgCl
2 mol AgNO3
143.4 g AgCl
1 mol AgCl
= 4.2 g NH3
1 mol H2
22.4 L H2
1 mol Zn
1 mol H2
65.4 g Zn
1 mol Zn
15
= 5.84 g Zn
N2 + 3 H2 2 NH3
What volume of NH3 at STP is produced if 25.0 g of N2 is reacted with an excess of H2?
25 g N2 x
2.
1 mol N2
28 g N2
1 mol KClO3
122.6 g KClO3
3 mol O2
x
2 mol KClO3
22.4 L O2
1 mol O2
= 1.37 L O2
1 mol KClO3
122.6 g KClO3
2 mol KCl x
2 mol KClO3
74.6 g KCl
1 mol KCl
= 3.04 g KCl
Zn + 2 HCl ZnCl2 + H2
What volume of hydrogen at STP is produced when 2.5 g of zinc react with an excess of
hydrochloric acid?
2.5 g Zn x
5.
2 KClO3 2 KCl + 3 O2
If 5.0 g of KClO3 is decomposed, how many grams of KCl are produced?
5 g KClO3 x
4.
2 mol NH3
1 mol N2
2 KClO3 2 KCl + 3 O2
If 5.0 g of KClO3 is decomposed, what volume of O2 is produced at STP?
5 g KClO3 x
3.
1 mol Zn
65.4 g Zn
1 mol H2
1 mol Zn
22.4 L H2
1 mol H2
= 0.56 L H2
6.
1 mol Na2SO4
142.1 g Na2SO4
2 mol H2O
x
1 mol Na2SO4
1 mol AlCl3
133.5 g AlCl3
3 mol Cl2
2 mol AlCl3
16
1 mol FeCl3
x
162.3 g FeCl3
3 mol CaCl2
2 mol FeCl3
111.1 g CaCl2
1 mol CaCl2
= 5.13 g CaCl2
1 mol FeCl3
x
162.3 g FeCl3
3 mol Ca
2 mol FeCl3
40.1 g Ca
1 mol Ca
2. Write the reaction for the combustion of methane (CH4) in oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water.
CH4 + 2 O2 CO2 + 2 H2O
a. What mass of carbon dioxide is produced by the reaction of 120.0 g of methane with 180.0 g of oxygen?
120 g CH4 x
1 mol CH4
16.0 g CH4
180 g O2 x
1 mol O2
32.0 g O2
1 mol CO2
1 mol CH4
x
1 mol CO2
2 mol O2
44.0 g CO2
1 mol CO2
= 330 g CO2
44.0 g CO2
1 mol CO2
= 123.75 g CO2
1 mol O2
32.0 g O2
1 mol CH4
2 mol O2
17
16.0 g CH4
= 45 g CH4 reacts
1 mol CH4
So 120 45 = 75 g CH4 remains