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Vivah The Hindu Wedding
Vivah The Hindu Wedding
Dedication
Forward
About the Author
Preface
Acknowledgements
Introduction
Dedication
To my beloved mother
Bhanudevi (Devi) Singh
Who brought me into this world, and reared me
with Love and thought me the values of leading
a pure and noble life.
To my dear wife
Jayanthee Devi (Jay) Singh
For her humility and care in standing on my side
in trial and tribulation.
To my dear children
Maneshree and Avishkar Singh
For being sincere, dedicated and loving children
To the future generations
That will marry and maintain their vows
according to the principals of our great heritage
that has stood the test of time.
Forward
Preface
Acknowledgements
Introduction
anya Daan
Dwar Pooja
The bridegroom is given a very prestigious welcome by
his father in law at the entrance of the venue. Dwar or
entrance, Pooja or prayer, is conducted by the revered
Punditji.
It is a purificatory ceremony and
simultaneously offerings are made to Sri Ganesh and
the 33 000 000 devi and devatas to be present in the
ceremony and give their blessings to the occasion. The
groom is treated with great love and respect. An asan or
seat is offered to him, his feet are washed, his forehead
Parchan
The brides mother with seven married ladies together
with other ladies of the family welcome the groom
ceremoniously. He is considered to be the epithet of
Lord Vishnu himself. He is beckoned to come and be
united to Maha Lakshmi.
In the Ramayan it is stated :
Ehi bhanti jani baraat awat
Bajahe bahu baajahi
Rani suhsini boli parichani
Hetu mangal saajahi
TRANSLATION
When it was known that the marriage procession was
approaching, all sorts of music began to play. She
summoned married woman whose husbands were
alive and prepared with their help auspicious materials
for the ceremony of waving lights round the
bridegroom.
Now that the duty of men is over the female members
of the family take over to welcome him and tease him
by singing appropriate mangal geet and parchawan
songs
The mother of the bride waves kindled lights around the
groom and restrains her tears of joy in reflecting upon
Tag-paat
The bride grooms eldest brother welcomes the bride to
his family and offers her the assurance that she will
always be protected and well provided for and that she
will not lack anything in her marriage. He calls upon all
the devas to be with him in making this commitment on
behalf of his family. While sacred mantras are chanted
by the Punditji the jetbhai offers her well decorated
and beautifully wrapped gifts consisting of cosmetics,
jewellery, sandals, clothing, mitaai, a token of money
and sandals. The sandal is not offered to the haris or the
alter but handed over to the brides attendant. A red
sutra or sacred thread that is blessed by the Punditji is
placed around the brides neck. This is known as Tagpaat. The bride is then led back into the dressing room
known as the Kohbar. In this way the Kanya Nirikshan or
Vastra Samarpan Vidhi is concluded.
Varpujan
Kanya Daan
The Kanya Daan is the most touching ceremony in the
entire vivah sanskaar. It is when the pride is given away
to the groom ceremoniously.
In the Ramayana Sri Tulsidas Maharaj says :
they will respect their parents and carry out their Pitr
Rin or ancestral debts and thirdly that the bride and
groom will pay their debts to society by caring for the
sick and needy.
The parents offer a gift to the bridegroom and to the
Punditji in the form of dakshina for having so graciously
conducted this most auspicious act of Kanya Daan. The
Punditji offers his blessing to the parents and the bridal
couple and Shanti pancakam mantra are chanted :
Om sam no mitrah / sam varunah /
Sam no bhavatv aryama / sam no indro
brhaspatih /
Sam no visnur urukramah / namo brahmane
Namas te vayo / tvam eva pratyaksam
brahmasi /
Tvam eva pratyaksam brahma vadisyami /
Rtam vadisyami / satyam vadisyami / tan
mam avatu /
Tad vaktaram avatu / avatu mam / avatu
vaktaram /
Om shantih shantih shantih //
Om sam no mitrah / sam varunah /
Sam no bavatv aryama / sam no indro
brhaspatih /
Sam no vishnur urukramah / namo brahmane /
Namas te vayo / tvam eva pratyaksam
brahmasi /
Tvam eve pratyaksam brahmavadisam / rtam
avadisam /
Gaat Bandhan
Now that the bride has been gifted to the groom and
the latter has accepted to take her into his life and to
fulfil all responsibilities in offering her love and care, the
Agni Stapana
The sacred fire known as Pundarikaksha which is
another form of Bhagvan Sri Vishnu or the Laukik Agni
which is the folk fire of the families presiding diety, is
kindled and lit from the lamp that is placed on the
mangal kalash that is in front of them. Here prayers are
offered to Luxmi Narayana to appear and be witnesses
to the vows that will be taken.
Homa
Many offerings known as Homa are made to the blazing
fire. The principal ones being Rastrabhrit, Jaya,
Abhyatan and Laja homa.
The rastrabhrit, jaya and abhyatan homas encompass
prayers for victory and protection and focus on the Lord
to remove any hostile forces known and unknown to
the bridegroom.
Bhawar
The circumambulation of the sacred fire.
An offering of Lawa is made by the bride who has her
hands in the cupped hands of the groom. The lawa is
put into their hands by the brides brother who takes it
from the suph or winnowing basket. The couple led by
the bride then take graceful and measured steps around
the fire. This procedure is repeated three times as the
invited guests keep their eyes on this wonderful event.
Shila Rohan
After each circumambulation the bride places her right
foot on a stone and vows to be as steadfast as the stone
in her marriage. To stand on the side of her husband in
trial and tribulation and not to be the cause of any
unhappiness in his life. This is known as Shila Rohan or
Asma Rohan.
Mantra :
Om imam asmanam aroha
Asmeva tvam sthira bhava
Dvisantam apavadhasva
Saptapadi
This is the rite when the couple take the seven steps on
the sacred kusa grass. The word saptapadi is a
compound word derived from two words, sapta
meaning seven and pada meaning steps.
Yavat saptapadi nasty
Tavat saptapadi kumarika
TRANSLATION
Until the bride has performed the saptapadi she is still
considered unmarried.
The first Step - Om ekam ese visnus tva nayantu - For
food we pray to Anapurna the Goddess of Food.
The second Step Om dve urje visnus tva nayatu - For
strength we pray to Mother Durga
The third Step Om trini vratay visnus tva nayatu - For
wealth we pray to Mother Lakshmi
SINDUR DAAN
MANGAL SUTRA
EXCHANGE OF RINGS
This is a western tradition and has crept into the Hindu
marriage over the times. No mention is made of the
exchange of rings in any of our scriptures nor in any of
the books on the 16 sanskaars. Nowadays the Pundit
would chant the swasti vachan mantra of blessing and
bless the rings.
ASHIRVAD
The revered Punditji invites the parents and the
assembled guests to bless the couple. The wedded
couple would then prostrate before the Brahaman who
conducted the wedding ceremony and then proceed to
take the blessings of their parents.
SHANTI PAAT
home of her husband with whom she will spend the rest
of her life.