Mexican History
Mexican History
Mexican History
This article is about the country in North America. For fteenth largest nominal GDP and the eleventh largest
other uses, see Mexico (disambiguation).
GDP by purchasing power parity. The economy of Mexico is strongly linked to those of its North American
(NAFTA) partners, especially the
i
Mexico ( /mksko/; Spanish: Mxico [mexiko]), of- Free Trade Agreement
United States.[25][26] Mexico ranks sixth in the world and
cially the United Mexican States (Spanish: Estados
by number of UNESCO World HerUnidos Mexicanos, listen ),[9][10][11][12] is a federal re- rst in the Americas[27][28][29]
with 32,
and in 2010 was the tenth
itage
Sites
public in North America. It is bordered on the north
most
visited
country
in
the
world
with 22.5 million inby the United States; on the south and west by the Pa[30]
ternational
arrivals
per
year.
According
to Goldman
cic Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and
Sachs,
by
2050
Mexico
could
become
the
worlds fth
the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mex[31]
largest
economy.
PricewaterhouseCoopers
(PwC) es[13]
ico.
Covering almost two million square kilometres
timated
in
January
2013
that
by
2050
Mexico
could
[12]
(over 760,000 sq mi), Mexico is the fth largest coun[32]
be
the
worlds
seventh
largest
economy.
Mexico
has
try in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest inmembership
in
prominent
institutions
such
as
the
UN,
the
dependent nation in the world. With an estimated popuWTO,
the
G20
and
the
Uniting
for
Consensus.
[14]
lation of over 120 million, it is the eleventh most populous and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in
the world and the second most populous country in Latin
America. Mexico is a federation comprising thirty-one
states and a Federal District, its capital and largest city.
1 Etymology
HISTORY
2.2
HISTORY
2.3
The resulting hodgepodge of culture was a pluriethnic State that relied on the "repartimiento", a system
of peasant Republic of Indians labor that carried out
any necessary work. Thus, the existing feudal system
of pre-Hispanic Mesoamerican culture was replaced by
the encomienda feudal-style system of Spain, probably
adapted to the pre-Hispanic tradition. This in turn was nally replaced by a debt-based inscription of labor that led
to widespread revitalization movements and prompted
the revolution that ended colonial New Spain.
gions in what is now the United States until the end of the
16th century (Santa Fe, 1598).
Evolution of the Race. During the three centuries of colonial rule, less than 700,000 Spaniards, most of them men,
settled in Mexico. The settlers intermarried with indigenous women, fathering the mixed race (mestizo) descendents who today constitute the majority of Mexicos population.
From an economic point of view, New Spain was administered principally for the benet of the Empire and
its military and defensive eorts (Mexico provided more
than half of the Empires taxes and supported the administration of all North and Central America). Competition with Spain was discouraged to the extent that activities like cultivation of grapes and olives, introduced by
Cortez himself, was banned out of fear that these crops
would compete with Spain's.
2.3.2
Colonial law with Spanish roots but original native features were introduced, creating a hierarchy between local
jurisdiction (the Cabildos) and the Crown's, whereby upper administrative oces were closed to the natives, even
those of pure Spanish blood. Administration was based
on the racial separation of the population among Republics of Spaniards, Indians and Mestizos, autonomous
and directly dependent on the king himself.
In order to protect Mexico from the attacks of English, French and Dutch pirates, as well as the Crowns
revenue, only two ports were open to foreign trade
Veracruz on the Atlantic and Acapulco on the Pacic.
The pirates attacked, plundered and ravaged several cities
like Campeche (1557), Veracruz (1568) and Alvarado
(1667).
Education was encouraged by the Crown from the very
beginning, and Mexico boasts the rst primary school
(Texcoco, 1523), rst university (1551) and the rst
printing house (1524) of the Americas. Indigenous languages were studied mainly by the religious orders during
the rst centuries, and became ocial languages in the
so-called Republic of Indians, only to be outlawed and
ignored after independence by the prevailing Spanishspeaking creoles.
Mexico produced important cultural achievements during
the colonial period, like the literature of Sor Juana Ins
de la Cruz and Ruiz de Alarcn, as well as cathedrals,
civil monuments, forts and colonial cities such as Puebla,
Mexico City, Quertaro, Zacatecas and others, today part
of Unescos World Heritage.
The syncretism between indigenous and Spanish cultures
in New Spain gave birth to many of todays Mexican
cultural traits like tequila (rst distilled in the 16th cenDuring this period, Mexico was part of the much larger tury), mariachi (18th), jarabe (17th), charros (17th) and
Viceroyalty of New Spain, which included Cuba, Puerto Mexican cuisine a mixture of European and indigenous
Rico, Central America as far south as Costa Rica, Florida, ingredients and techniques.
the southwestern United States and the Philippines. Spain
during the 16th century focused its energies on areas with
dense populations that had produced Pre-Columbian civ- 2.3.3 Independence from Spain (1821)
ilizations, since these areas could provide the settlers with
a disciplined labor force and a population to catechize.
Main article: Mexican War of Independence
Portrait of Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz, oil on canvas, 1772.
Territories populated by nomadic peoples were harder to On September 16, 1810, a loyalist revolt against the
conquer, and though the Spanish did explore a good part ruling Junta was declared by priest Miguel Hidalgo y Cosof North America, seeking the fabled "El Dorado", they tilla, in the small town of Dolores, Guanajuato.[64] The
made no concerted eort to settle the northern desert re- rst insurgent group was formed by Hidalgo, the Span-
HISTORY
2.4
2.4.1
Agustn de Iturbide immediately proclaimed himself emperor of the First Mexican Empire. A revolt against him
in 1823 established the United Mexican States. In 1824, a President Benito Jurez
Republican Constitution was drafted and Guadalupe Victoria became the rst president of the newly born country.
In 1829 president Guerrero abolished slavery.[65] The rst economic instability, which led to the Pastry War in 1836,
decades of the post-independence period were marked by and a constant strife between liberales, supporters of a
2.5
Francisco I. Madero with Emiliano Zapata, in Cuernavaca during the Mexican Revolution.
2.5
HISTORY
tion and presidents Francisco I. Madero (1913), Venus- Salinas de Gortari the presidency and leading to massive
tiano Carranza (1920), lvaro Obregn (1928), and for- protests in Mexico City.[79]
mer revolutionary leaders Emiliano Zapata (1919) and
Pancho Villa (1923) all were assassinated during this period.
2.5.1
Electoral reforms and high oil prices followed the administration of Luis Echeverra,[77][78] mismanagement of
these revenues led to ination and exacerbated the 1982
Crisis. That year, oil prices plunged, interest rates soared,
and the government defaulted on its debt. President
Miguel de la Madrid resorted to currency devaluations
which in turn sparked ination.
In the 1980s the rst cracks emerged in PRIs monopolistic position. In Baja California, Ernesto Ruo Appel was
elected as governor. In 1988, alleged electoral fraud prevented the leftist candidate Cuauhtmoc Crdenas from
winning the national presidential elections, giving Carlos
3.1
Climate
Geography
9
Jurez to the Pacic Ocean. On its south, Mexico shares
an 871 km (541 mi) border with Guatemala and a 251
km (156 mi) border with Belize.
temperate and tropical zones. Land north of the twentyfourth parallel experiences cooler temperatures during
the winter months. South of the twenty-fourth parallel, temperatures are fairly constant year round and vary
solely as a function of elevation. This gives Mexico one
of the worlds most diverse weather systems.
Areas south of the 24th parallel with elevations up to
1,000 m (3,281 ft) (the southern parts of both coastal
plains as well as the Yucatn Peninsula), have a yearly median temperature between 24 to 28 C (75.2 to 82.4 F).
Temperatures here remain high throughout the year, with
only a 5 C (9 F) dierence between winter and summer median temperatures. Both Mexican coasts, except
for the south coast of the Bay of Campeche and northern
10
4.2
4.1
Politics
11
Government
12
4.5
Military
13
4.5 Military
Main article: Mexican Armed Forces
The Mexican Armed Forces have two branches:
After the War of Independence, the relations of Mexico were focused primarily on the United States, its
northern neighbor, largest trading partner,[137] and the
most powerful actor in hemispheric and world aairs.[138]
Mexico supported the Cuban government since its establishment in the early 1960s,[139] the Sandinista revolution
in Nicaragua during the late 1970s,[140] and leftist revolutionary groups in El Salvador during the 1980s.[141] Mexico has the capabilities to manufacture nuclear
Felipe Caldern's administration put a greater emphasis weapons, but abandoned this possibility with the Treaty
on relations with Latin America and the Caribbean.[142] of Tlatelolco in 1968 and pledged to only use its nuclear
14
5 ECONOMY
Gulf of
Mexico
Pacic
Ocean
Central
America
United States
Federal
District
AG
Baja
California
Baja
California
Sur
Campeche
Chiapas
Chihuahua
Coahuila
Colima
Durango
Guanajuato
Guerrero
HD
Jalisco
EM
Michoacn
MO
Nayarit
Nuevo
Len
Oaxaca
PB
QU
Quintana
Roo
SLP
Sinaloa
Sonora
Tabasco
Tamaulipas
TL
Veracruz
Yucatn
Zacatecas
4.6
Administrative divisions
5 Economy
Main article: Economy of Mexico
Mexico has the 15th largest nominal GDP and the 11th
largest by purchasing power parity. GDP annual average
growth for the period of 19952002 was 5.1%.[78] Mexicos Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in purchasing power
parity (PPP) was estimated at US $2.2602 trillion in
2015, and $1.3673 trillion in nominal exchange rates.[159]
Mexicos GDP in PPP per capita was US $18,714.05.
The World Bank reported in 2009 that the countrys
15
From the late 1990s onwards, the majority of the population has been part of the growing middle class.[164] But
from 2004 to 2008 the portion of the population who received less than half of the median income has risen from
17% to 21% and the absolute levels of poverty rose from
2006 to 2010, with a rise in persons living in extreme
or moderate poverty rising from 35 to 46% (52 million
persons).[110][165] This is also reected by the fact that infant mortality in Mexico is three times higher than the
average among OECD nations, and the literacy levels are
in the median range of OECD nations. Nevertheless, according to Goldman Sachs, by 2050 Mexico will have the
5th largest economy in the world.[166]
A proportional representation of Mexicos exports.
The electronics industry of Mexico has grown enormously within the last decade. Mexico has the sixth
largest electronics industry in the world after China,
United States, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. Mexico is the second largest exporter of electronics to the
United States where it exported $71.4 billion worth of
electronics in 2011.[170] The Mexican electronics industry is dominated by the manufacture and OEM design
of televisions, displays, computers, mobile phones, circuit boards, semiconductors, electronic appliances, communications equipment and LCD modules. The Mex-
16
ican electronics industry grew 20% between 2010 and
2011, up from its constant growth rate of 17% between
2003 and 2009.[170] Currently electronics represent 30%
of Mexicos exports.[170]
Mexico produces the most automobiles of any North
American nation.[171] The industry produces technologically complex components and engages in some research
and development activities.[172] The Big Three (General
Motors, Ford and Chrysler) have been operating in Mexico since the 1930s, while Volkswagen and Nissan built
their plants in the 1960s.[173] In Puebla alone, 70 industrial part-makers cluster around Volkswagen.[172] In the
2010s expansion of the sector was surging. In 2014 alone,
more than $10 billion in investment was committed. Kia
Motors in August 2014 announced plans for a $1 billion factory in Nuevo Len. At the time Mercedes-Benz
and Nissan were already building a $1.4 billion plant near
Puebla, while BMW was planning a $1-billion assembly
plant in San Luis Potos. Additionally, Audi began building a $1.3 billion factory near Puebla in 2013.[174]
5 ECONOMY
per capita is low compared to other Latin American countries, at 40 percent; however, 82% of Mexicans over the
age of 14 own a mobile phone. Mobile telephony has the
advantage of reaching all areas at a lower cost, and the
total number of mobile lines is almost two times that of
landlines, with an estimation of 63 million lines.[184] The
telecommunication industry is regulated by the government through Cofetel (Comisin Federal de Telecomunicaciones).
Pemex, the public company in charge of exploration, extraction, transportation and marketing of crude oil and
natural gas, as well as the rening and distribution of
Major players in the broadcasting industry are Televisa, petroleum products and petrochemicals, is one of the
the largest Spanish media company in the Spanish- largest companies in the world by revenue, making US
speaking world,[183] and TV Azteca.
$86 billion in sales a year.[188][189][190] Mexico is the
sixth-largest oil producer in the world, with 3.7 million
barrels per day.[191] In 1980 oil exports accounted for
61.6% of total exports; by 2000 it was only 7.3%.[172]
5.1 Communications
The largest hydro plant in Mexico is the 2,400 MW
Manuel Moreno Torres Dam in Chicoasn, Chiapas, in
the Grijalva River. This is the worlds fourth most pro[192]
The telecommunications industry is mostly dominated by ductive hydroelectric plant.
Telmex (Telfonos de Mxico), privatized in 1990. By Mexico is the country with the worlds third largest so2006, Telmex had expanded its operations to Colom- lar potential.[193] The countrys gross solar potential is
bia, Peru, Chile, Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay and the estimated at 5kWh/m2 daily, which corresponds to 50
United States. Other players in the domestic industry are times national electricity generation.[194] Currently, there
Axtel and Maxcom. Because of Mexican orography, pro- is over 1 million square meters of solar thermal panels[195]
viding a landline telephone service at remote mountain- installed in Mexico, while in 2005, there were 115,000
ous areas is expensive, and the penetration of line-phones square meters of solar PV (photo-voltaic). It is expected
Main article: Telecommunications in Mexico
5.4
Tourism
17
that in 2012 there will be 1,8 million square meters of In 1995, the Mexican chemist Mario J. Molina shared
the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Paul J. Crutzen and F.
installed solar thermal panels.[195]
Sherwood Rowland for their work in atmospheric chemThe project named SEGH-CFE 1, located in Puerto Libistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomertad, Sonora, Northwest of Mexico, will have capacity
position of ozone.[202] Molina, an alumnus of UNAM,
of 46.8 MW from an array of 187,200 solar panels when
became the rst Mexican citizen to win the Nobel Prize
complete in 2013.[196] All of the electricity will be sold
in science.[203]
directly to the CFE and absorbed into the utilitys transmission system for distribution throughout their existing In recent years, the largest scientic project being develnetwork. At an installed capacity of 46.8 MWp, when oped in Mexico was the construction of the Large Milcomplete in 2013, the project will be the rst utility scale limeter Telescope (Gran Telescopio Milimtrico, GMT),
project of its kind in Mexico and the largest solar project the worlds largest and most sensitive single-aperture telescope in its frequency range.[204] It was designed to obof any kind in Latin America.
serve regions of space obscured by stellar dust.
5.3
5.4 Tourism
Main article: Tourism in Mexico
Mexico has been traditionally among the most visited
countries in the world according to the World Tourism
Organization and it is the most visited country in the
Americas, after the United States. The most notable
attractions are the Meso-American ruins, cultural festivals, colonial cities, nature reserves and the beach resorts.
The nations temperate climate and unique culture a
fusion of the European and the Meso-American make
Mexico an attractive destination. The peak tourism seasons in the country are during December and the midSummer, with brief surges during the week before Easter
and Spring break, when many of the beach resort sites become popular destinations for college students from the
18
5 ECONOMY
the beaches have become crowded and the shores are now
home to many multi-story hotels and vendors. Acapulco
is home to renowned cli divers: trained divers who leap
from the side of a vertical cli into the surf below.
At the southern tip of the Baja California peninsula is
the resort town of Cabo San Lucas, a town noted for its
beaches and marlin shing.[208] Further north along the
Sea of Corts is the Baha de La Concepcin, another
beach town known for its sports shing. Closer to the
United States border is the weekend draw of San Felipe,
Baja California.
The Chapultepec Castle is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Mexico
5.5 Transportation
United States.
Baluarte Bridge is the longest cable-stayed bridge in Latin America, the highest cable-stayed bridge in the world and the highest
bridge in the Americas.
6.1
Mestizo
Cancn.[216]
19
nous language,[227] and a person with a very low percentage of indigenous genetic heritage would be considered
fully indigenous either by speaking an indigenous language or by identifying with a particular indigenous cultural heritage.[228][229][230]
population of 112,336,538, making it the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world.[222] Between
2005 and 2010, the Mexican population grew at an average of 1.70% per year, up from 1.16% per year between
2000 and 2005.
Mexico is ethnically diverse; the various indigenous peoples and European immigrants are united under a single
national identity.[223] The core part of Mexican national
identity is formed on the basis of a synthesis of European
culture with Indigenous cultures in a process known as
mestizaje, alluding to the mixed biological origins of the
majority of Mexicans.[223][224] Mexican politicians and
reformers such as Jos Vasconcelos and Manuel Gamio
were instrumental in building a Mexican national identity 6.1
on the concept of mestizaje.[225]
Since the mestizo identity promoted by the government
is more of a cultural identity than a biological one it has
achieved a strong inuence in the country, with a good
number of biologically white people identifying with it,
leading to being considered mestizos in Mexicos demographic investigations and censuses due the ethnic criteria having its base on cultural traits rather than biological ones.[226] A similar situation occurs regarding the distinctions between indigenous peoples and mestizos: while
the term mestizo is sometimes used in English with the
meaning of a person with mixed indigenous and European blood, this usage does not conform to the Mexican
social reality where a person of pure indigenous genetic
heritage would be considered Mestizo either by rejecting his indigenous culture or by not speaking an indige-
Mestizo
20
6 DEMOGRAPHICS
late 19th century those Maya who did not join the rebellion were classied as mestizos.[247] In Chiapas the word
Ladino is used instead of mestizo.[248]
6.3
21
to the usage of the narrow denition of the term for census purposes as statistical genocide.[252][253]
The majority of the indigenous population is concentrated in the central and southern states. These states are
generally the least developed, and the majority of the indigenous population live in rural areas. Some indigenous
communities have a degree of autonomy under the legislation of usos y costumbres, which allows them to regulate some internal issues under customary law.
According to the CDI, the states with the greatest proportion of indigenous residents are:[254] Yucatn, at 59%,
Quintana Roo 39% and Campeche 27%, chiey Maya;
Oaxaca with 48% of the population, the most numerous
groups being the Mixtec and Zapotec peoples; Chiapas
at 28%, the majority being Tzeltal and Tzotzil Maya;
Hidalgo 24%, the majority being Otomi; Puebla 19%,
and Guerrero 17%, mostly Nahua people and the states
of San Luis Potos and Veracruz both home to a population that is 15% indigenous, mostly from the Totonac,
Nahua and Teenek (Huastec) groups.[255]
Girls from Zapopan, in the state of Jalisco. fair-skinned Mexicans are colloquially known as 'geros (fem. geras)
Genetic studies in Mexico show a varying degree of Euro- Mexicos northern regions have the greatest European
22
6 DEMOGRAPHICS
population and admixture. In the northwest, the majority of the relatively small indigenous communities remain
isolated from the rest of the population, and as for the
northeast, the indigenous population was eliminated by
early European and Mestizo settlers, becoming the region
with the highest proportion of whites during the Spanish
colonial period. However, recent immigrants from southern Mexico have been changing, to some degree, its demographic trends.[262] According to the last racial census Mexico took, which was in 1921,[220] there were no
states in Mexico that had a majority white population,
and in virtually every state in the north Mestizos were
the largest population group.[220] The only state where
whites outnumbered Mestizos was Sonora, in which
whites composed 41.85% of the population, and Mestizos 40.38%.[220]
6.4
Population genetics
6.5 Languages
Main article: Languages of Mexico
The country has the largest Spanish-speaking popula-
A 2012 study published by the Journal of Human Genetics found the ancestry of the Mexican mestizo population to be predominately European (65%), followed by
Native American (31%) and African (4%). The European ancestry was prevalent in the north and west (66.7
95%) and Native American ancestry increased in the center and southeast (3750%), the African ancestry was
low and relatively homogeneous (08.8%).[259] The states
that participated in this study were Aguascalientes, ChiA map showing the distribution of speakers of Mexicos main inapas, Chihuahua, Durango, Guerrero, Jalisco, Oaxaca,
digenous languages
Sinaloa, Veracruz and Yucatan.[263]
The largest amount of chromosomes found were identied as belonging to the haplogroups from Western Europe, East Europe and Euroasia, Siberia and the Americas and Northern Europe with relatively smaller traces of
haplogroups from Central Asia, South-east Asia, Southcentral Asia, Western Asia, The Caucasus, North Africa,
Near East, East Asia, North-east Asia, South-west Asia
and The Middle East.[264]
Mexico is home to a large number of indigenous languages, spoken by some 5.4% of the population 1.2% of
the population are monolingual speakers of an indigenous
language.[268] The indigenous languages with most speakers are Nahuatl, spoken by approximately 1.45 million
people,[269] Yukatek Maya spoken by some 750,000 peoA study by the National Institute of Genomic Medicine, ple and the Mixtec[270] and Zapotec languages[271] each
Mexico reported that Mestizo Mexicans are 58.96% spoken by more than 400,000 people.
6.8
Women
23
Guadalupe, the patron saint of Mexico, is celebrated on
December 12 and is regarded by many Mexicans as the
most important religious holiday of their country.[278]
6.6
Urban areas
6.8 Women
Further information: Women in Mexico
6.7
Religion
Until the twentieth century, Mexico was an overwhelmingly rural country, with rural womens status dened
within the context of the family and local community.
With urbanization beginning in the sixteenth century, following the Spanish conquest of the Aztec empire, cities
have provided economic and social opportunities not possible within rural villages. Roman Catholicism in Mexico
has shaped societal attitudes about womens social role,
emphasizing the role of women as nurturers of the family,
with the Virgin Mary as a model. Marianismo has been an
ideal, with womens role as being within the family under
the authority of men. In the twentieth century, Mexican
women made great strides toward towards a more equal
legal and social status. In 1953 women in Mexico were
granted the vote in national elections.
Mexican women face discrimination and at times harassment from the machismo population. Although women
in Mexico are making big advancements they are faced
with the traditional expectations of being the head of
the household. Researcher Margarita Valds noted that
while there are few inequalities enforced by law or policy
in Mexico, there are gender inequalities perpetuated by
social structures and Mexican cultural expectations that
limit the capabilities of Mexican women.[284]
As of 2014, Mexico has the 16th highest rate of homicides committed against women in the world.[285] The
prevalence of domestic violence against women in Mexican marital relationships varies at between 30 and 60
percent of relationships.[286] According to a 1997 study,
domestic abuse in Mexican culture is embedded in gender and marital relations fostered in Mexican womens
24
7 CULTURE
dependence on their spouses for subsistence and for self- 7.1 Literature
esteem, sustained by ideologies of romantic love, by family structure and residential arrangements.[287]
Main articles: Mexican literature and Mesoamerican
literature
Mexican literature has its antecedents in the literatures
of the indigenous settlements of Mesoamerica. The most
7 Culture
well known prehispanic poet is Nezahualcoyotl. Modern Mexican literature was inuenced by the concepts of
Main article: Culture of Mexico
the Spanish colonialization of Mesoamerica. Outstanding
Mexican culture reects the complexity of the countrys colonial writers and poets include Juan Ruiz de Alarcn
and Juana Ins de la Cruz.
Other writers include Alfonso Reyes, Jos Joaqun Fernndez de Lizardi, Ignacio Manuel Altamirano, Carlos
Fuentes, Octavio Paz (Nobel Laureate), Renato Leduc,
Carlos Monsivis, Elena Poniatowska, Mariano Azuela
(Los de abajo) and Juan Rulfo (Pedro Pramo).
Bruno Traven wrote Canasta de cuentos mexicanos
(Mexican tales basket), El tesoro de la Sierra Madre
(Treasure of the Sierra Madre).
Mesoamerican architecture is mostly noted for its pyramids which are the largest such structures outside of Ancient Egypt. Spanish Colonial architecture is marked by
the contrast between the simple, solid construction de-
7.5
Music
25
manded by the new environment and the Baroque orna- 7.5 Music
mentation exported from Spain. Mexico, as the center
of New Spain has some of the most renowned buildings
Main article: Music of Mexico
built in this style.
Mexican society enjoys a vast array of music genres,
7.3
Cinema
7.4
Media
26
7.6
7 CULTURE
Cuisine
7.7 Sports
Main article: Sport in Mexico
Mexico City hosted the XIX Olympic Games in 1968,
27
all large cities have bullrings. Plaza Mxico in Mexico City, is the largest bullring in the world, which seats
55,000 people. Professional wrestling (or Lucha libre in
Spanish) is a major crowd draw with national promotions
such as AAA, LLL, CMLL and others.
Mexico is an international power in professional boxing (at the amateur level, several Olympic boxing medals
have also been won by Mexico). Vicente Saldivar, Rubn
Olivares, Salvador Snchez, Julio Csar Chvez, Ricardo
Lopez and Erik Morales are but a few Mexican ghters
who have been ranked among the best of all time.[299]
Notable Mexican athletes include golfer Lorena Ochoa,
who was ranked rst in the LPGA world rankings prior to
her retirement,[300] Ana Guevara, former world champion The National Autonomous University of Mexico.
of the 400 metres (1,300 ft) and Olympic subchampion in
Athens 2004, and Fernando Platas, a numerous Olympic
Mexico at the 24th place in the world rank according to
medal winning diver.
UNESCO.[307]
Health
Education
10 See also
Index of Mexico-related articles
Outline of Mexico
Visa policy of Mexico
Mexico Wikipedia book
11 References
[1] Catlogo de las lenguas indgenas nacionales: Variantes
lingsticas de Mxico con sus autodenominaciones y referencias geoestadsticas. Inali.gob.mx. Retrieved July
18, 2014.
[2] Political Constitution of the United Mexican States, title
2, article 40 (PDF). MX Q: SCJN. Archived from the
original (PDF) on May 11, 2011. Retrieved August 14,
2010.
[3] Rafaela Castro (2000). Chicano Folklore: A Guide to
the Folktales, Traditions, Rituals and Religious Practices
of Mexican Americans. Oxford University Press. p. 83.
ISBN 978-0-19-514639-4.
[4] International Programs-Country Rankings. Retrieved
May 23, 2015.
28
11
REFERENCES
[36] Nombre del Estado de Mxico (in Spanish). Government of the State of Mexico. Archived from the original
on April 27, 2007. Retrieved October 3, 2007.
[37] Real Academia Espaola Diccionario de la lengua espaola Diccionario panhispnico de dudas Aviso
actualizacin enlaces. buscon.rae.es.
[38] El cambio de la denominacin de Estados Unidos Mexicanos por la de Mxico en la Constitucin Federal.
ierd.prd.org.mx. Archived from the original on November 1, 2008. Retrieved November 4, 2009.
29
[45] Carmack, Robert; et al. (1996). The legacy of Mesoamerica: history and culture of a Native American civilization.
New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
[47] Sampson, Georey; Writing Systems: A Linguistic Introduction, Hutchinson (London), 1985.
[48] Cowgill, George (1997). State and Society at Teotihuacan, Mexico (PDF online reproduction). Annual Review
of Anthropology (Palo Alto, CA: Annual Reviews Inc) 26
(1): pp.129161. doi:10.1146/annurev.anthro.26.1.129.
ISSN 0084-6570. OCLC 202300854.
[49] Miguel Leon Portilla (2000). Aztecas, disquisiciones sobre un gentilicio. Estudios de la cultura nahuatl. p. 6.
[50] Berdan, et al. (1996), Aztec Imperial Strategies. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC
[51] Coe, Michael D.; Rex Koontz (2002). Mexico: from the
Olmecs to the Aztecs (5th edition, revised and enlarged
ed.). London and New York: Thames & Hudson. ISBN
0-500-28346-X. OCLC 50131575.
[52] The Enigma of Aztec Sacrice. Natural History. Retrieved December 16, 2011.
[53] Weaver, Muriel Porter (1993). The Aztecs, Maya, and
Their Predecessors: Archaeology of Mesoamerica (3rd
ed.). San Diego, CA: Academic Press. ISBN 0-12739065-0. OCLC 25832740.
[54] Diaz, B., 1963, The Conquest of New Spain, London:
Penguin Books, ISBN 0140441239
[55] Hassig, Ross (2006). Mexico and the Spanish Conquest
(2nd ed.). Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN
978-0-8061-3793-3. OCLC 64594483.
[56] True Peters, Stephanie (2004). Smallpox in the New
World. Marshall Cavendish. ISBN 978-0-7614-1637-1.
[66] McCarthy, Robert J. (Spring 2011). Executive Authority, Adaptive Treaty Interpretation, And The International
Boundary And Water Commission, US Mexico. University of Denver Water Law Review (197).
[67] Nicholas A. Robins; Adam Jones (2009). Genocides by
the Oppressed: Subaltern Genocide in Theory and Practice.
Indiana University Press. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-253-220776. Retrieved July 17, 2013.
[68] Reed, Nelson A. (2001). The Caste War of Yucatn. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-4001-2. Retrieved July 17, 2013.
[69] Chandler, Gary; Prado, Liza (2007). Moon Cancun and
Cozumel: Including the Riviera Maya. Avalon Travel. p.
272. ISBN 1-56691-780-8.
[70] Harris, Charles H. III; Sadler, Louis R. (2009). The Secret
War in El Paso: Mexican Revolutionary Intrigue, 1906
1920. Albuquerque, New Mexico: University of New
Mexico Press. pp. 117; 213. ISBN 978-0-8263-4652-0.
[71] The Mexican Revolution. Public Broadcasting Service.
November 20, 1910. Retrieved July 17, 2013.
[72] Robert McCaa. Missing millions: the human cost of the
Mexican Revolution. University of Minnesota Population Center. Retrieved July 17, 2013.
[73] The Mexican Miracle: 19401968. World History from
1500. Emayzine. Archived from the original on April 3,
2007. Retrieved September 30, 2007.
[57] Flight, Colette (February 17, 2011). Smallpox: Eradicating the Scourge. BBC News | History. Retrieved December 30, 2011.
[58] Koplow, David A. (2003). Smallpox: The Fight to Eradicate a Global Scourge. University of California Press. p.
270. ISBN 978-0-520-23732-2.
[76] Kennedy, Duncan (July 19, 2008). Mexicos long forgotten dirty war. BBC News. Retrieved July 17, 2013.
[60] Sherman, Irwin W. (2006). The power of plagues. American Society for Microbiology. p. 431. ISBN 1-55581356-9.
30
11
REFERENCES
[96] Third Title, First Chapter, About Electoral systems, Article 11-1 (PDF). Cdigo Federal de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales (Federal Code of Electoral Institutions
and Procedures) (in Spanish). Congress of the Union of
the United Mexican States. August 15, 1990. Retrieved
October 3, 2007.
[97] Fourth Title, Second Chapter, About coalitions, Article
59-1 (PDF). Cdigo Federal de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales (Federal Code of Electoral Institutions
and Procedures) (in Spanish). Congress of the Union of
the United Mexican States. August 15, 1990. Retrieved
October 3, 2007.
[98] Articles 80 to 93. Political Constitution of the United
Mexican States. Congress of the Union of the United Mexican States. Archived from the original on November 13,
2006. Retrieved October 3, 2007.
[99] Articles 90 to 107. Political Constitution of the United
Mexican States. Congress of the Union of the United Mexican States. Archived from the original on November 13,
2006. Retrieved October 3, 2007.
[100] Miembros Titulares. ODCA. July 14, 2008. Archived
from the original on July 14, 2008. Retrieved July 17,
2013.
31
[111] Homicidios dolosos 19972010 (PDF) (in Spanish). In- [129] Ministry of Foreign Aairs (March 7, 2007). El Presistituto Ciudadano de Estudios Sobre la Inseguridad, A.C.
dente Felipe Caldern Hinojosa en la Ceremonia de EnArchived from the original (PDF) on October 7, 2011.
trega de la Secretara Pro Tmpore del Grupo de Ro (in
Retrieved April 2, 2011.
Spanish). Gobierno Federal. Archived from the original
on August 23, 2009. Retrieved April 6, 2009.
[112] Global Study on Homicide (PDF). United Nations Of[130] United Nations (2008). Regular Budget Payments of
ce on Drugs and Crime. Retrieved July 17, 2013.
Largest Payers. Global Policy. Retrieved April 4, 2009.
[113] Mexico Boosts Force in War with Drug Gang. Cb[131] Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Developsnews.com. July 17, 2009. Retrieved August 8, 2011.
ment (May 18, 1994). Members. OECD ocial website. Retrieved April 6, 2009.
[114] Mexico elections: failure of drugs war leaves nation at
the crossroads. The Guardian. June 23, 2012.
[132] Chile joins the OECDs Economic Club. BBC News.
January 12, 2010. Retrieved April 23, 2010.
[115] 100,000 foot soldiers in Mexican cartels. Washingtontimes.com. March 3, 2009. Retrieved May 7, 2012.
32
11
REFERENCES
[146] The 5.56 X 45 mm: 2006. Thegunzone.com. Retrieved [165] CONEVAL Informe 2011 (PDF). Retrieved March 31,
August 8, 2011.
2012.
[147] Hydra Technologies Surprises UAV Industry with [166] Goldman Sachs Paper No.153 Relevant Emerging Markets (PDF). Retrieved May 30, 2010.
Mexican-Made System, Earns Coveted Award at AUVSIs Unmanned Systems North America 2007 Show in
[167] Income inequality. Society at a Glance 2011: Social IndiD.C. .prnewswire.com. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
cators (OECD). April 12, 2011. ISBN 9789264098527.
Retrieved March 16, 2013.
[148] Mexican navy 2006 activities ocial report. Semar.gob.mx. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
http://www.conasami.gob.mx/nvos_sal_2014.html
Mexican Consumer Electronics Industry Second Largest
Supplier of Electronics to the U.S MEXICO CITY, Oct.
6, 2011 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/". Prnewswire.com.
October 6, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2014.
nucleares.
[171] Mexico tops U.S., Canadian car makers. Upi.com. December 11, 2008. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
[152] Mexico to slash weapons-grade uranium. UPI.com. Re[172] Gere, G; Martnez, M (September 30, 2004). Mexicos
trieved March 9, 2011.
Economic Transformation under NAFTA. In Crandall,
R; Paz, G; Roett, R. Mexicos Democracy at Work: Polit[153] Russia and US sign plutonium pact. BBC News. April
ical and Economic Dynamics. Lynne Reiner Publishers.
13, 2010.
ISBN 1-58826-300-2.
[154] Gustavo Iruegas (April 27, 2007). Adis a la neutralidad (in Spanish). La Jornada. Retrieved April 4, 2009. [173] Hufbauer, G.C.; Schott, J.J . (October 2005). Chapter
6, The Automotive Sector (PDF). NAFTA Revisited:
Achievements and Challenges. Washington, D.C.: Insti[155] Ricardo Gmez & Andrea Merlos (April 20, 2007).
tute for International Economics. pp. 178. ISBN 0Diputados, en Favor de Derogar Neutralidad en Guer88132-334-9.
ras (in Spanish). El Universal. Retrieved April 4, 2009.
[156] Article 116. Political Constitution of the United Mexi- [174] Automaker Kia plans $1 bn assembly plant in Mexico.
Mexico News.Net. August 28, 2014. Retrieved August 28,
can States. Congress of the Union of the United Mexican
2014.
States. Archived from the original on November 13, 2006.
Retrieved October 7, 2007.
[175] DINA Camiones Company. History. Retrieved April
15, 2009.
[157] Article 112. Political Constitution of the United Mexican States. Congress of the Union of the United Mexican [176] Jeremy Korzeniewski. London 2008: Mastretta MXT
States. Archived from the original on November 13, 2006.
will be Mexicos rst homegrown car. Retrieved July 30,
Retrieved October 7, 2007.
2008.
[158] Article 115. Political Constitution of the United Mexi- [177] Koreas Balance of Payments (PDF). Retrieved March
can States. Congress of the Union of the United Mexican
9, 2011.
States. Archived from the original on November 13, 2006.
[178] Major Foreign Holders Of Treasury Securities. U.S.
Retrieved October 7, 2007.
Department of the Treasury. Retrieved July 17, 2013.
[159] Mexico. International Monetary Fund. IMF.
[179] Thompson, Adam (June 20, 2006). Mexico, Economics:
The US casts a long shadow. Financial Times.
[160] Total GNI Atlas Method 2009, World Bank (PDF). Retrieved December 27, 2010.
[180] Workers Remittances to Mexico Business Frontier, Issue 1, 2004 FRB Dallas. Dallasfed.org. July 10, 2003.
[161] GNI per capita 2009, Atlas method and PPP, World
Archived from the original on June 25, 2004. Retrieved
Bank (PDF). Retrieved December 27, 2010.
May 30, 2010.
[162] Reporte ECLAC (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved Febru- [181] Free Preview of Members-Only Content. Stratfor. Auary 16, 2007.
gust 30, 2007. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
[163] Hufbauer, G.C.; Schott, J.J . (October 2005), Chapter 1, [182] Slowdown hits Mexico remittances. BBC News. January
Overview (PDF), NAFTA Revisited: Achievements and
27, 2009. Retrieved May 6, 2009.
Challenges, Washington, DC: Institute for International
[183] Televisa Brings 2006 FIFA World Cup to Mexico in
Economics, pp. 178, ISBN 0-88132-334-9
HD With Snell & Wilcox Kahuna SD/HD Production
[164] Mexico, World Banks Country Brief. Retrieved FebruSwitcher. Snellwilcox.com. Archived from the original
ary 19, 2007.
on December 14, 2007. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
33
[184] Communications. CIA Factbook. Retrieved July 17, [206] SECTUR (2006). Turismo de internacin 20012005,
2013.
Visitantes internacionales hacia Mxico (in Spanish).
Secretara de Turismo (SECTUR). Archived from the
[185] Satmex. Linking the Americas. Wayback.archive.org.
original on June 10, 2008. Retrieved July 26, 2008. pp. 5
September 15, 2009. Archived from the original on
[207] Blanke, Jennifer; Chiesa, Thea (2011). The Travel
September 15, 2009. Retrieved July 17, 2013.
& Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 Beyond the
[186] Source: Arianespace (February 14, 2002). Mexican OpDownturn (PDF). World Economic Forum, Geneva,
erator Satmex Has Chosen Arianespace to Launch Its New
Switzerland. Retrieved May 18, 2013.
Satmex 6 Satellite. Spaceref.com. Retrieved August 8,
[208] Cabo Fishing Information Sport Fishing in Los Cabos.
2011.
icabo.com. Retrieved April 23, 2014.
[187] Infrastructure, Power and Communications, Mexic.
[209] Mexico Infrastructure, power and Communications.
Encyclopedia of the Nations. Retrieved July 17, 2013.
National Economies Encyclopedia. Retrieved January 13,
2007.
[188] Amrica Economia. Top 500 Companies in Latin America. Archived from the original (Requires subscription)
[210] CIA World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved December 20,
on September 29, 2007. Retrieved February 16, 2007.
2010.
[189] Fortune Global 500 2010: 64. Pemex. Fortune Maga- [211]
zine. Retrieved July 26, 2010.
[212]
[190] FT Non-Public 150 the full list. December 14, 2006.
Retrieved July 26, 2010.
[213]
[191] Energy Information Administration. Top World Oil Net
Exporters and Producers. Archived from the original on
February 16, 2007. Retrieved February 16, 2007.
[192] EIA. Eia.doe.gov. Archived from the original on March [214] Project for a Mexico City Guadalajara High Speed
Line. Rail transport engineering, public transport engi9, 2006. Retrieved October 30, 2010.
neering. Systra. Retrieved October 30, 2010.
[193] Sener & GTZ 2006
[215] Slim to invest in Santa Cruz. The Americas Intelligence
Wire. January 21, 2005.
[194] Perspectiva Del Mercado De La Energa Renovable En
Mxico (PDF). Retrieved October 30, 2010.
[216] Mexico Real Estate In Yucatan to Benet from New Bullet Train. Articlealley.com. August 25, 2010. Retrieved
[195] SENER 2009b
October 30, 2010.
[196] Sonora Energy Group Hermosillo
[217] Acerca del AICM. Posicionamiento del Aeropuerto Internacional de la Ciudad de Mxico (AICM) con los
[197] Coerver, Pasztor & Bungton (2004), p. 161
50 aeropuertos ms importantes del mundo. AICM.
Archived from the original on May 31, 2008. Retrieved
[198] Summereld, Devine & Levi (1998), p. 285
May 30, 2010.
[199] Summereld, Devine & Levi (1998), p. 286
[218] Acerca del AICM, Pasajeros. Aicm.com.mx. Archived
from the original on May 31, 2008. Retrieved May 30,
[200] Forest & Altbach (2006), p. 882
2010.
[201] Fortes & Lomnitz (1990), p. 18
[219] The World Factbook. cia.gov.
[202] The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995. Nobelprize.org.
[220] John P. Schmal, SomosPrimos.com. somosprimos.com.
Nobel Foundation. Retrieved January 2, 2009.
[221] Censo de Poblacin y Vivienda 2010. Inegi.org.mx.
[203] Thomson, Elizabeth A. (October 18, 1995). Molina wins
Retrieved May 20, 2011.
Nobel Prize for ozone work. Massachusetts Institute of
Technology. Retrieved January 2, 2009.
[222] Spanish Language History.
Today Translations.
Archived from the original on April 17, 2005. Retrieved
[204] Unravelling unidentied -ray sources with the large milOctober 1, 2007.
limeter telescope, Alberto Carramiana and the LMTGTM collaboration, in The Multi-Messenger Approach [223] Wimmer, Andreas, 2002. Nationalist exclusion and ethto High-Energy Gamma-Ray Sources, Josep M. Paredes,
nic conict: shadows of modernity, Cambridge University
Olaf Reimer, and Diego F. Torres, eds., Springer NetherPress page 115
lands, 2007. ISBN 978-1-4020-6117-2.
[224] Hall Steckel, Richard; R. Haines, Michael (2000). A pop[205] UNWTO Archive | World Tourism Organization
ulation history of North America. Cambridge University
UNWTO (PDF). Unwto.org. Retrieved March 9, 2011.
Press. p. 621. ISBN 0-521-49666-7.
34
11
REFERENCES
[225] Knight, Alan. 1990. Racism, Revolution and indi- [237] Langley, William (July 8, 2007). The biggest enchilada.
genismo: Mexico 19101940. Chapter 4 in The Idea
The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved August 8, 2011.
of Race in Latin America, 18701940. Richard Graham
[238] Mexico to deport Cubans bound for U.S. MSNBC. Oc(ed.) pp. 7885)
tober 20, 2008. Retrieved July 17, 2013.
[226] Composicin tnica de las Tres reas Culturales del
Continente Americano al Comienzo del Siglo XXI [239] Rodriguez, Olga R. (April 13, 2008). Central America
migrant ow to US slows. USA Today. Retrieved August
(PDF). Academic investigation (in Spanish). university of
8, 2011.
the State of Mexico. 2005. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
[227] Bartolom, Miguel Alberto (1996). Pluralismo cultural [240] Activists blast Mexicos immigration law. USA Today.
May 25, 2010.
y redenicion del estado en Mxico. in Coloquio sobre derechos indgenas (PDF). Oaxaca: IOC. p. 2. En
Immigration
Card
Shows
Mexicos
primer lugar cabe destacar que en Mxico la pertenencia [241] Digital
Progressive Views on Immigration NAM.
racial no es un indicador relevante ni suciente para denoNews.newamericamedia.org.
Retrieved May 30,
tar una adscripcin tnica especca. [...] Por lo tanto es
2010.
relativamente factible realizar el llamado trnsito tnico,
es decir que un indgena puede llegar a incorporarse al sec[242] Mexican Immigration to the US: The Latest Estimates.
tor mestizo a travs de la renuncia a su cultura tradicional
Migrationinformation.org. Retrieved August 8, 2011.
y si sus condiciones materiales se lo permiten.
[243]
[228] Knight, Alan (September 1, 2010). The Idea of Race in
Latin America, 18701940. In Richard Graham. The
Idea of Race in Latin America: 18701940. University of
Texas Press. p. 73. ISBN 978-0-292-78888-6. Retrieved
July 17, 2013.
[244]
35
[251] http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/
1471-2148-11-293.pdf For mtDNA variation, some
studies have measured Native American, European and
African contributions to Mexican and Mexican American
populations, revealing 85 to 90% of mtDNA lineages are
of Native American origin, with the remainder having
European (57%) or African ancestry (35%). Thus
the observed frequency of Native American mtDNA in
Mexican/Mexican Americans is higher than was expected
on the basis of autosomal estimates of Native American
admixture for these populations i.e. ~ 3046%. The
dierence is indicative of directional mating involving
preferentially immigrant men and Native American
women. This type of genetic asymmetry has been
observed in other populations, including Brazilian
individuals of African ancestry, as the analysis of sex
specic and autosomal markers has revealed evidence
for substantial European admixture that was mediated
mostly through men. In our 384 completely sequenced
Mexican American mitochondrial genomes, 12 (3.1%)
are of African ancestry belonging to haplogroups
L0a1a3, L2a1, L3b, L3d and U6a7; 52 (13.6%) belong
to European haplogroups HV, JT, U1, U4, U5; and K
and the majority (320, 83.3%) are of Native American
ancestry.
[252]
[253]
[254]
[255]
[256]
[257]
[258]
[259]
[260]
36
11
REFERENCES
[274] The Mennonite Old Colony Vision: Under siege in Mex- [291] 2016 Binational Olympics. San Diego Metropolitan.
ico and the Canadian Connection (PDF). Archived from
December 2003. Archived from the original on Septemthe original (PDF) on February 5, 2007. Retrieved May
ber 30, 2007. Retrieved October 7, 2007.
30, 2007.
[292] About CONCACAF. The Confederation of North,
[275] Censo de Poblacin y Vivienda 2010 Cuestionario
Central American and Caribbean Association Football
bsico. INEGI. Retrieved March 4, 2011.
(CONCACAF). Archived from the original on October
6, 2007. Retrieved October 7, 2007.
[276] The Largest Catholic Communities. Adherents.com.
Retrieved November 10, 2007.
[293] Introduction.
Federacion Mexicana de Futbol.
Archived from the original on April 1, 2008.
[277] Church attendance. Study of worldwide rates of religiosity. University of Michigan. 1997. Archived from [294] Mexico List of Final Tables. Rec.Sports.Soccer
the original on September 1, 2006. Retrieved January 3,
Statistics Foundation.
2007.
[295] Mexico List of Champions. Rec.Sports.Soccer Statis[278] Our Lady of Guadalupe. Catholic Online. Retrieved
tics Foundation.
October 24, 2011.
[296] CNNSI.com 2002 World Cup World Cup Hall of
[279] Mexico, Country prole. The Church of Jesus Christ
Fame: Antonio Carbajal Wednesday May 08, 2002
of the Latter-Days Saints Newsroom. Archived from the
10:46 PM. Sportsillustrated.cnn.com. May 8, 2002. Reoriginal on August 25, 2010. Retrieved March 4, 2011.
trieved July 28, 2012.
[280] Ludlow, Daniel H. (1994). Encyclopedia of Mormonism. [297] Hugo Snchez don trofeos pichichi y mejor jugador
pp. 4:1527. ISBN 0-87579-924-8.
CONCACAF al Real Madrid (in Spanish). Terra.com.
January 14, 2008. Retrieved July 17, 2013.
[281] Primack, Karen (1998). Jews in places you never thought
of. KTAV Publishing House, Inc. p. 305. ISBN 978-0- [298] FIBA Mexico to host 2015 FIBA Americas Champi88125-608-6.
onship. FIBA. Retrieved October 12, 2014.
[282] International Religious Freedom Report 2009. US De- [299] All-Time Greatest Boxers. Sports.espn.go.com. Repartment of State. Retrieved July 13, 2010.
trieved July 17, 2013.
[283] Mayans in Mexicos Chiapas Region Convert to Islam. [300] LPGA Rolex Womens World Golf Rankings (PDF).
Wwrn.org. February 18, 2005. Retrieved October 30,
October 1, 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on
2010.
October 25, 2007. Retrieved October 7, 2007.
[284] Valds, Margarita M. (1995). Nussbaum M. e Glover J., [301] Mexico Health Care and Social Security. Countrysed. Inequality in capabilities between men and women in
tudies.us. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
Mexico. pp. 426433.
[302] Health Care in Mexico. Expatforum.com. Retrieved
[285] Femicide and Impunity in Mexico: A context of strucMay 30, 2010.
tural and generalized violence (PDF). Retrieved March
12, 2014.
[303] Health Care Issues Mexico. Kwintessential.co.uk. Retrieved November 4, 2009.
[286] Health Prole: Mexico. United States Agency for International Development (June 2008). Accessed September [304] Sistema Nacional de Informacin en Salud Infraestruc7, 2008. This article incorporates text from this source,
tura. Sinais.salud.gob.mx. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
which is in the public domain.
[305] INEGI literacy report 14, 2005. Inegi.gob.mx. Re[287] Finkler, Kaja (1997). Gender, domestic violence and
trieved August 8, 2011.
sickness in Mexico.. Social Science & Medicine 45 (8):
[306] INEGI literacy report 15+, 2005. Inegi.gob.mx. Re11471160. doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(97)00023-3.
trieved August 8, 2011.
[288] Vasconcelos, Jos (1997). La Raza Csmica (The Cosmic
Race). Didier T. Jan (translator). The Johns Hopkins [307] Mexico: Youth Literacy Rate. Global Virtual University. Archived from the original on July 19, 2010. ReUniversity Press. p. 160. ISBN 0-8018-5655-8.
trieved October 2, 2007.
[289] Rockefeller Controversy. Diego Rivera Prints. Re[308] The Times Higher Awards 2009. The Times Higher Edtrieved October 2, 2007.
ucation Supplement. Archived from the original on Octo[290] Televisa Brings 2006 FIFA World Cup to Mexico in
ber 25, 2009.
HD With Snell & Wilcox Kahuna SD/HD Production
Switcher. Press release. Snell & Wilcox. June 27, 2006. [309] Recruiters scoreboard Highlights (PDF). The Wall
Archived from the original on August 11, 2006. Retrieved
Street Journal/Harris Interactive survey of corporate reSeptember 30, 2007.
cruiters on business schools. Retrieved October 4, 2007.
37
Navarrete Linares, Federico (2008). Los pueblos indgenas de Mxico (PDF online facsimile). Pueblos Indgenas del Mxico Contemporneo series (in Spanish). Mxico, D.F.:
Comisin Nacional para el Desarrollo de los
Pueblos Indgenas. ISBN 978-970-753-157-4.
OCLC 319215886.
Satish Kumar*, Claire Bellis, Mark Zlojutro,
Phillip E Melton, John Blangero and Joanne E
Curran (2011). Large scale mitochondrial sequencing in Mexican Americans suggests a reappraisal of Native American origins (PDF).
12
Bibliography
13 External links
The Presidency of Mexico
Mexico Tourism Ocial Website | VisitMexico
Mexico entry at The World Factbook
Mexico from UCB Libraries GovPubs
Mexico at DMOZ
Mexico from the BBC News
Mexico at Encyclopdia Britannica
Wikimedia Atlas of Mexico
Mexico travel guide from Wikivoyage
Key Development Forecasts for Mexico from
International Futures
Mexico by World Painters.
38
14
14
14.1
Mexico Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico?oldid=678972631 Contributors: Derek Ross, Brion VIBBER, Mav, The Anome,
Koyaanis Qatsi, Jeronimo, Malcolm Farmer, -- April, Mark Ryan, Ed Poor, Jagged, Andre Engels, Scipius, Youssefsan, Danny, Fcueto,
Christian List, PierreAbbat, SJK, SimonP, Ben-Zin~enwiki, Drbug, Ellmist, Zoe, Jaknouse, Montrealais, Olivier, Leandrod, Jose Icaza,
AntonioMartin, Edward, Infrogmation, Michael Hardy, TMC, Fred Bauder, DopeshJustin, Liftarn, Mic, Ixfd64, Sannse, Shoaler, Delirium, Georey~enwiki, Moelarry, Ee79, Gaz~enwiki, Looxix~enwiki, Ahoerstemeier, Stan Shebs, TUF-KAT, Notheruser, Angela, Andrewa, DropDeadGorgias, , Poor Yorick, Andres, Jiang, Evercat, TonyClarke, Cherkash, John K, Mxn, BRG, Mulad, Feedmecereal, Emperorbma, Crissov, Timwi, Nohat, Andrevan, RickK, Daniel Quinlan, Fuzheado, Andrewman327, WhisperToMe, Wik,
Roadmr, Haukurth, Markhurd, Vancouverguy, Tpbradbury, Maximus Rex, Wenteng, Megafonico~enwiki, Furrykef, Grendelkhan, Morwen, Humors, Nv8200pa, Dogface, Joy, Fvw, AaronSw, Raul654, AnonMoos, Bcorr, Johnleemk, Flockmeal, Finlay McWalter, Pollinator, UninvitedCompany, Francs2000, Hjr, JorgeGG, She Who Must Be Obeyed, Flosch, Kulkuri, Denelson83, Jni, Fito, Chuunen Baka,
Bearcat, Branddobbe, Nufy8, Robbot, Vardion, Palnu, Astronautics~enwiki, ChrisO~enwiki, Moriori, RedWolf, Moncrief, Nyh, Altenmann, Yelyos, Romanm, Naddy, Modulatum, Mayooranathan, Postdlf, Blanka~enwiki, Hemanshu, SchmuckyTheCat, KellyCoinGuy,
Meelar, Gidonb, Diderot, Jondel, Hadal, Saforrest, Lupo, Ruiz~enwiki, Cyrius, Nanahuatzin, Davidcannon, Alan Liefting, Craig Butz,
Mikezeta, Centrx, Giftlite, Dbenbenn, Christopher Parham, MPF, Phil5329, Harp, Andrewphelps, Nichalp, Fudoreaper, Cobaltbluetony,
Tom harrison, Lupin, HangingCurve, IRelayer, Zigger, Average Earthman, Everyking, No Guru, Curps, Alison, Varlaam, Wolfe, Cantus, Rick Block, Niteowlneils, Leonard G., Abracadabra~enwiki, H-2-O, Gilgamesh~enwiki, Guanaco, Iota, Mboverload, Siroxo, Node
ue, Allstar86, Solipsist, Gzornenplatz, Avala, Chameleon, Bobblewik, Wiki Wikardo, Golbez, Btphelps, Gadum, Geni, Mike R, Knutux,
Jpkoester1, Quadell, Antandrus, Beland, Aisling73, Kaldari, PDH, Jossi, Rdsmith4, Mzajac, DragonySixtyseven, 7fex5q2ek, Secfan, AlAndalus, Kevin B12, Icairns, Sam Hocevar, Allissonn, Atemperman, JereyN, Aaron Einstein, Asbestos, Creidieki, Neutrality, Joyous!,
Oknazevad, Jcw69, Wyllium, Paradoxian, Syvanen, Kevyn, Demiurge, Zondor, Adashiel, Avatar, Grunt, Agurza, Mike Rosoft, D6, Dbaron,
Freakofnurture, Wfaulk, DanielCD, RedWordSmith, EugeneZelenko, Madewokherd, Diagonalsh, Discospinster, Rich Farmbrough, Agnistus, Guanabot, Themusicking, Supercoop, Jaedza, Vsmith, Smyth, Jordancpeterson, Aris Katsaris, Ericamick, Jillant, Eric Shalov, Ivan
Bajlo, Xezbeth, Mjpieters, Samboy, Pavel Vozenilek, Paul August, Bo Lindbergh, SpookyMulder, WegianWarrior, SamEV, Bender235,
ESkog, FrankCostanza, Mashford, Danakil, Brian0918, CanisRufus, Zscout370, Sfahey, El C, Szyslak, Zenohockey, Bletch, Kwamikagami, Phil [email protected], Mwanner, QuartierLatin1968, Irrtinal, Aude, Shanes, Juppiter, Art LaPella, RoyBoy, Cacophony,
Bookofjude, Jpgordon, Dannown, CDN99, Guettarda, Bastique, Bobo192, Valentino, Iamunknown, Func, Ludger1961, Walkiped, BrokenSegue, Dpaajones, Foobaz, Captain Blood~enwiki, Pokrajac, Giraedata, Jerryseinfeld, Cheung1303, TheProject, Darwinek, PeterisP,
WikiLeon, B0at, Mixcoatl, Sam Korn, Ral315, Solid Reign, Supersexyspacemonkey, Mdd, Ranveig, Vizcarra, Jumbuck, Danski14, Bob
rulz, Alansohn, JYolkowski, Mo0, Elpincha, Walter Grlitz, Buaidh, Halsteadk, Mr Adequate, Andrewpmk, Ronline, AzaToth, Yamla,
Lectonar, Calton, MarkGallagher, SlimVirgin, Lightdarkness, Kel-nage, Walkerma, Stromboli2, Gareld226, Dark Shikari, Jvano~enwiki,
Cdc, CJ, Doug Quaid, Mrholybrain, Malo, Bart133, Marianocecowski, Abstrakt, BanyanTree, ReyBrujo, Garzo, Leoadec, Dtcdthingy,
Evil Monkey, RJII, Harej, Jon Cates, CloudNine, Egg, Ndufva, IMeowbot, Hseldon10, Sagitario, Kusma, Versageek, Alai, Redvers, Netkinetic, Nightstallion, Johntex, Blaxthos, HenryLi, Kitch, Yurivict, Dan100, Michaelm, Kardrak, Balderai, Squiquifox, TShilo12, Mahanga,
Dienstag, Marianika~enwiki, Gwk, Andem, Nickolas1492, Stemonitis, Novacatz, Weyes, Philthecow, Angr, Velho, Boothy443, Kelly
Martin, Firsfron, Mel Etitis, OwenX, Woohookitty, Psau, TigerShark, Asav, Myleslong, Jacobolus, Qaddosh, WadeSimMiser, Chochopk,
Je3000, Pixeltoo, Amishellb, Tabletop, Kelisi, Schzmo, Trevor Andersen, Mnts, Al E., Dah31, Bbatsell, Terence, Steinbach, Akira625,
GregorB, Zzyzx11, Wayward, Toussaint, Deepstratagem, Xiong Chiamiov, Essjay, Shanedidona, Palica, Paxsimius, Thirty-seven, Mandarax, Perturbedsolace, SqueakBox, Hihellowhatsup, Angrtre, Lmbrjk, Graham87, Stromcarlson, Magister Mathematicae, Descendall,
Cuchullain, BD2412, Chun-hian, Kbdank71, FreplySpang, Fromage~enwiki, RxS, Athelwulf, Sebastiankessel, Electionworld, Phillipedison1891, Canderson7, Jeralonso, Jorunn, Sjakkalle, Rjwilmsi, Mayumashu, Koavf, Astropithicus, Valentinejoesmith, Gryndor, Wikibofh, Jibco, Vary, Ikh, Bill37212, PinchasC, Carbonite, JHMM13, Tangotango, Harro5, Feydey, MZMcBride, Tawker, Pabix, SpNeo,
Funnyhat, UriBudnik, Martin-C, Juan Marquez, CQJ, Durin, Brighterorange, The wub, TheGWO, Ttwaring, GregAsche, Sango123, SanGatiche, Yamamoto Ichiro, Sheldrake, Bash, Rolandog, Titoxd, FlaBot, Cacafuego95, SchuminWeb, RobertG, Ground Zero, CalJW, Musical Linguist, Doc glasgow, Crazycomputers, Psychoticfreshman, Nivix, Chanting Fox, CarolGray, AJR, RobPetrone, JIMBO WALES,
Rune.welsh, Flowerparty, Pathoschild, RexNL, Gurch, AlexCovarrubias, Otets, Redwolf24, Wars, Jimbo D. Wales, RobyWayne, Threner,
KFP, OrbitOne, Abgarp, EronMain, McDogm, Cannywizard, Gurubrahma, Cpcheung, Broken Segue, JonathanFreed, Idaltu, Toi, Victor12, Butros, CJLL Wright, Chobot, Jersey Devil, Sherool, Can-mex, Evilphoenix, Mhking, 334a, Bgwhite, Cactus.man, Digitalme,
Gwernol, E Pluribus Anthony, Dnadan, Joseph11h, Flcelloguy, Peter Grey, The Rambling Man, YurikBot, Wavelength, TexasAndroid,
Spacepotato, RobotE, Sceptre, Blightsoot, Hairy Dude, Jimp, Mnewmanqc, RussBot, Tetzcatlipoca, Jehoy, Crazytales, Kauner, Fabartus, Red Slash, Jumbo Snails, Anonymous editor, Conscious, Splash, Codehead, Pigman, Vladislaus Draculea, Fabricationary, Stephenb,
Chamdarae, Lord Voldemort, C777, Gaius Cornelius, CambridgeBayWeather, Aquiles, RadioKirk, Gram123, EngineerScotty, MosheA,
PaulGarner, Shanel, NawlinWiki, Nahallac Silverwinds, Shreshth91, Fizan, Dysmorodrepanis~enwiki, Wiki alf, BigCow, Bachrach44,
Msikma, BGManofID, Aeusoes1, Betus~enwiki, Ptcamn, Deskana, Jaxl, Johann Wolfgang, Rjensen, Ashwinr, Howcheng, Robchurch,
Adrian Malacoda, Rson-W, Lexicon, Hzenilc, Retired username, Renata3, Gunmetal, Anetode, CaliforniaAliBaba, Boadrummer, Mjchonoles, PhilipC, Rockero, Misza13, Nick C, Petufo, Tony1, Bucketsofg, Syrthiss, Aaron Schulz, Lockesdonkey, BOT-Superzerocool,
Idkman, Tegarden, DeadEyeArrow, Moreau36, Psy guy, Bota47, Wheelybrook, Qrfqr, Private Butcher, MacMog, Trainra, Woling,
DomenicDenicola, Maunus, Martinwilke1980, Aozeba, Threeonezero, Nlu, David Underdown, Niebieskipolak, Wknight94, Ms2ger, JennaHaze, Ak13, Searchme, Jkelly, Kmusser, FF2010, Mike Serfas, Twelvethirteen, Sharris0512, Deville, Zzuuzz, Uberlemur, Bayerischermann, Barryob, Nikkimaria, Theda, Jwissick, Aburda, Assyria 90, Fang Aili, Pedron, Toddgee, Bualob07, Esprit15d, BorgQueen, BlackVelvet, GraemeL, Rlove, Joysofpi, JoanneB, Alias Flood, Fredcipriano, Smurrayinchester, Andyluciano~enwiki, Scoutersig, Kevin, Emc2,
JLaTondre, Jaranda, Chris93, Whouk, Che829, Stuhacking, Kungfuadam, Ief, RG2, Some guy, Siegfried Waldgrave, GrinBot~enwiki, Asterion, Roke, Madhu4125, Je Silvers, Amberrock, Flamma, DVD R W, Theroachman, Brentt, Nodoubt9203,
robot, Sardanaphalus,
Sassisch, Amalthea, SmackBot, Lavintzin, Amcbride, YellowMonkey, Rotarypot, Beatdown, HWSager, Ragusan, Thierry Caro, Jamott,
Smitz, David Kernow, Bobet, Benjaminb, Dovo, Reedy, GOMEC005, Tarret, GrandfatherJoe, Rmcdou1, KnowledgeOfSelf, Goodfoundation23, David.Mestel, Pgk, Dropmeo, Darkstar1st, Rrius, Holon67, WilyD, Jacek Kendysz, Davewild, Clpo13, 2 Dope, Milesnfowler,
Nickst, Busterblew, Grey Shadow, EncycloPetey, Renesis, Eskimbot, Beardoc, Lagringa, Mdd4696, CullenGift, ColdFusion~enwiki, Frymaster, Arniep, The Ronin, Wakuran, Aivazovsky, Hbackman, TheFourthWay, Nscheey, Runner Bean, MelancholieBot, ADominus,
Bryan Nguyen, Sebesta, Commander Keane bot, Xaosux, Yamaguchi , Peter Isotalo, Sloman, Gilliam, Ohnoitsjamie, Hmains, Betacommand, Polaron, Darknshadow, Cs-wolves, ERcheck, Hraefen, Dangel, Qtoktok, Wigren, Jake Larsen, Chris the speller, Master Jay,
14.1
Text
39
Ciacchi, Keegan, JonRidinger, LinguistAtLarge, SlimJim, Gspbeetle, Rochester Maa, Dumbledores Soul, Persian Poet Gal, Ian13, Nbez,
Atomsprengja, Delfeye, Chris5977, SB Johnny, Mamsaac, HartzR, Supadupa, MalafayaBot, Kemet, A1437053, BrendelSignature, Moshe
Constantine Hassan Al-Silverburg, Marsonline, JoeBlogsDord, Akanemoto, Bazonka, Haydentomas, TreyHollandIsBack, Ikiroid, Nbarth,
JONJONAUG, Robth, Kbailey1, TomYates, Zak.l, DHN-bot~enwiki, Colonies Chris, Terraguy, El Chompiras, Tarikash, VirtualSteve,
Zachorious, Dr. Dan, Craiglen, Ramas Arrow, Pcstico, Zsinj, Derekt75, Can't sleep, clown will eat me, Jahiegel, Jorvik, HoodedMan,
Njl, Alphathon, Zleitzen, Atropos, OrphanBot, Afdsfdsafdsa, Nixeagle, OOODDD, MJCdetroit, Tipplerunkus Gonga, Avb, Mimmo46,
JonHarder, Folksong, EOZyo, Triphook, TheKMan, Australia boy, TonySt, Tim Sailor, Wes!, Rsm99833, Andy120290, Backspace, Zvar,
Bolivian Unicyclist, Edivorce, Jjjsixsix, NombreAqui, SundarBot, Madman2001, JSmith9579, Rarelibra, Russvoloch, Mike Moresi, Steven
X, Dharmabum420, Pepsidrinka, Omaaar, HATERS, YankeeDoodle14, Krich, Salsassin, Nitharsank, PrometheusX303, Dejo~enwiki,
Cybercobra, Khukri, Nakon, IFeito, Caniago, TedE, Jiddisch~enwiki, RJN, Biohazard930, MrPMonday, John wesley, TGC55, RandomP, Salt Yeung, Anoriega, Das Baz, EdGl, BryanG, 918577, Wizardman, Maelnuneb, Aaker, Ericl, Ctreddy, Where, Nmpenguin,
Rodrigogomespaixao, DDima, Vina-iwbot~enwiki, Ck lostsword, Qiaozhi007, Alcuin, Pilotguy, Kukini, Skinnyweed, Ricky@36, TXLonghorn, Wilt, DCB4W, Ohconfucius, Will Beback, Namr., The undertow, SashatoBot, MichaelGasser, Lambiam, Esrever, Nishkid64,
Xdamr, Rory096, Bcasterline, Kimholder, Xuxo, Harryboyles, El Ojo, Luiseargote, Valfontis, Dbtfz, Luigi-ish, Kingsh, Kuru, Khazar,
John, The idiot, AmiDaniel, Lapaz, Nateirma, Flughafen73~enwiki, DivineIntervention, NewTestLeper79, Xornok, Benesch, Shadowlynk,
Kickthat, Chodorkovskiy, ReZips, Minna Sora no Shita, Avllr, Mgiganteus1, Green Giant, Goodnightmush, Vanished user 56po34it12ke,
Bilby, Deviathan~enwiki, Ckatz, FreshBulletTime, Rodulfo, Gordonov, Shangrilaista, Vanished user 4tjekfmwirjmkedfkj45, Noah Salzman, EddieVanZant, Rfernand, Rglovejoy, Ferhengvan, AxG, Stizz, Nissi Kim, Yaddar, Mets501, Cerealito, CharlesMartel, Geologyguy,
Funnybunny, AdultSwim, Sarkie, Tcjoe1985, O process, Whomp, Ryulong, Karnak22, Onetwo1, Peter Horn, Andrwsc, Jcchat66, MTSbot~enwiki, Ollebha~enwiki, Jose77, Hermosillo, Lancini87, MJVmusic, Sifaka, Doug Johnson, Supaman89, KJS77, Norm mit, Noctifer, WhyWhat, Casg, Levineps, Seqsea, Iridescent, Vamos01~enwiki, V6g3h7, WGee, Missionary, Joseph Solis in Australia, JoeBot,
Tmangray, Sinaloa, ArchonMeld, Mrdthree, Hyperborean, Admiral06, Twas Now, WikiBrown, Cbrown1023, Schizmatic, Amakuru, Billgunyon, Spongefan, Kazzells, Civil Engineer III, Az1568, D'lin, BrOnXbOmBr21, Rayoight278, Eluchil404, MrBoo, Crae, Radiant
chains, Thricecube, FairuseBot, Tawkerbot2, Dlohcierekim, Mario Gonzlez-Romn, Slashs snakepit, Galati, Conn, Kit, CalebNoble,
Ozakee, Jpxt2000, Stifynsemons, Chimie chonga, Anubis-SG, Wolfdog, Adelius, CmdrObot, Leonoel, Nomiksan, Aatorress, Unionhawk, Silversink, Scohoust, BeenAroundAWhile, Mexxxicano, Picaroon, Josemaniaco, Thelmito, Virgule82, GHe, Green caterpillar, Carlosr chill, Pseudo-Richard, Zippery, ShelfSkewed, Arrabbikum, MarsRover, WeggeBot, Shizane, Avillia, Zinjixmaggir, Ken Gallager,
Pro bug catcher, Polimon14, Fordmadoxfraud, Jmackinn, TalkAbout, The Enslaver, Demented235, TJDay, FilipeS, Phatom87, Wakeyjamie, Fluence, Avrillover4ever, Maxramirez, Reywas92, Steel, Registered user 92, Aristophanes68, Achangeisasgoodasa, Blessthishouse,
Gogo Dodo, Robert talan, Travelbird, Khatru2, Ericfassbender, Hebrides, JFreeman, Ctatkinson, Llort, Icemanofbarcelona101, Adolphus79, Kmowery, KnightMove, Silental, Damifb, Tkynerd, Acs4b, Inuyasha717, Dancter, Fernandorodrig, Lymanchandler, B, Kiske,
Tawkerbot4, JoSePh, Odiseo79, DumbBOT, FateClub, Optimist on the run, Pauljeersonks, Kozuch, After Midnight, Jhowcs~enwiki,
Mr666~enwiki, Heathniederee, Omicronpersei8, Skanker101, RedWolfX, Rbanzai, Hdtopo, Mamalujo, Akleinenberg, EvocativeIntrigue,
CieloEstrellado, Thijs!bot, Daa89563, Barticus88, Mr Crunchy, Biruitorul, MarkBuckles, Wikid77, SchutteGod, Uyuy, Tommybtennis,
Frank the 3rd, Daniel, Brainboy109, Ucanlookitup, TyrionX, 23prootie, Lussier, Mexicansky, Michaelbme, F J, Justiceinmexico, AMCDawes, Establishment~enwiki, Gamer007, CynicalMe, Headbomb, Marek69, West Brom 4ever, John254, Uv411, Esemono, Lavakille,
Chriscastillo, Eduardorpmx, Box420, Wildthing61476, TXiKi, Raulsaenz, Supergreat, Keelm, Inner Earth, Mnemeson, Dmws, Jstoddard,
Sturm55, CharlotteWebb, Therequiembellishere, Cooljuno411, Andy Rosenthal, Danigoni, Vaquero.mty, Dawnseeker2000, Trade4me,
LS1010, Hempfel, Mayhew18, RoboServien, AlefZet, Escarbot, Alfonsomedina1, Cruzian, Oreo Priest, Porqin, KrakatoaKatie, Moror,
AntiVandalBot, RobotG, Jguad1, Majorly, Kaasje, Lukebetts, Luna Santin, Lothar76, Dr. H. Wilkins, Smi2le, Guinsberg, Wikirocks666,
Fru1tbat, Pspcast, 17Drew, Lusemer, Juan Anselm, Neurasthenic, Mountolive, TimVickers, Jason12345, Gilbertogm, Daltonjames, Kesegich, Nacho Librarian, PhJ, Danger, Farosdaughter, Malcolm, Abominacin, Credema, Wing Nut, A.M.962, KRSplat, Gdo01, Neoplatonic, Alphachimpbot, Alan Smithee 87, Lex Bouvier, Jimeree, Ithinkhelikesit, Bona Fides, The bleep, VicMedEsq, Junior81, Kraft.,
Sluzzelin, JAnDbot, Jorgenoob, Abeljr75, Section8pidgeon, Bellini.raf~enwiki, Deective, Husond, GSTQ, T-850 Robotic Assistant, Aille,
Cali567, Felipe Menegaz, Barek, Rtercero~enwiki, Mike D 26, MER-C, Kedi the tramp, The Transhumanist, Ldalcaraz, Jcamtzf, Tohru
Honda13, Supertheman, Artichoke man, XxXSoToXxX, Hello32020, InniteHunter, Sophie means wisdom, Home Dog, Natureguy1980,
B cubed, Gavia immer, Hapmt, Jprtech, Azteca12d, Noimnotokay, Anthonyd3ca, Simon Burchell, SDX, Aure001, Paulscott, LittleOldMe, .anacondabot, SiobhanHansa, A Little Bit of Liberace, Cameron Green, Meeples, MTY07, Magioladitis, Dragonfury, Ramirez72,
WolfmanSF, Fitnr, Pedro, Grigri, Pzone, Nikyjim, Bongwarrior, Kolindigo, VoABot II, VKing, Irish scott, Detective 26, AuburnPilot,
Planeta~enwiki, Websterwebfoot, Steve907, Appraiser, Witaszekpa, Atlantan, ScottLati, Hmiramontes, Lekoohleaar, , Ling.Nut,
WakkoW, Rivertorch, Ecksemmess, NorthernChaosGod, Nyttend, Kevinmon, CraigBarry, Wikiwhat?, Myliebe, Ccarroll, Wikimike01,
Mario2224, Alexmadon, Mexico123, Utezduyar~enwiki, Jlrankin, BatteryIncluded, Jcmenal, Dirac66, VictorLaszlo, Trevgreg, TexasTides,
Chivista~enwiki, Beagel, Cpbaherwani, Robielder1, Gyojin, Abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz7, Pete Wall, Hoppey, EstebanF, Glen, JaGa,
Nameweb, KenThomas, TheRanger, Jbngr, Holdthecup, Kayau, Mschier, 310Latino, Cocytus, Sandyclaws1, Acatic 80, DancingPenguin,
Oinkysmith, Guycagle, Hdt83, Aldera, Asdfdf45, Mermaid from the Baltic Sea, Milki, Chfbupers, Healkids, Eljavisotelo, ARC Gritt,
TakeEmDown, Badonkadonk51891, Paco paco5, Miguel miguel, JimmyStick, Azalea pomp, Jb101, Rvmboy, MaraNeo127, R'n'B, CommonsDelinker, ASDFGH, AlexiusHoratius, Kortiz, Lilac Soul, Gernz, Artaxiad, AlphaEta, J.delanoy, NambuGoto, Arxarts, Aiseo~enwiki,
JamesR, Alex10540, Numbo3, Zibernetika, Aldoman, Pablojosehernando, All-Bran, Themusicguy, VitaleBaby, Class of 07, Itzcuauhtli,
Bal3d, Guilherme Paula, LedRush, Cal Poly Pomona Engineer, WarthogDemon, Merlot70, Usrstgov, Josisb, Acalamari, GUPTARULESALL, Apachegila, Katalaveno, DarkFalls, Mappase, Starnestommy, Dskluz, Raveonpraghga, Skier Dude, JJ THE NERD, Bewareofdog,
Unclehans, Bradjl2009, Shendar, Lil Kizzle, Saxxtreme, Richard D. LeCour, Mayan.resorts, Pablo818, Demoname5, Anietor, Brian
Pearson, Flatterworld, Student7, Smithr690, Arsony, Miskwito, Konegistiger, Blah0401, KylieTastic, Kidlittle, Lrdjimmy9, Corriebertus,
Msnolanisawesome, 5441156tyler, Austinsexybeast, The Great Joseph, Jjhcap99, SOy OSKuRiToHeh, XxJayZ894xX, Isaac.dt, 2eet2eet,
Treisijs, GreenHydrogen27, Ramerix, Diegou, Joaqun Martnez Rosado, Gtg204y, Heronick, Bonadea, T3hedge, RVJ, MartinBotIII,
Mediacenterentertainment, Skitwikipedia, Andy Marchbanks, Homo logos, Shikyo3, Bully25, Dcloues, Idioma-bot, Highelds, Nobane,
Xnuala, Albertogaona, GodofWiki, Chaos forge5, Jmcdon10, Vranak, Hammersoft, VolkovBot, Diegoaac, CWii, ABF, Racjsingamac53,
SWBJACMK, Mrsmith93309, Kelapstick, Famcrespo, Je G., Butwhatdoiknow, Vrac, AlnoktaBOT, Surebuddywhat00, DaRaeMan, Bellow, Nascar fan mx, Philip Trueman, Rkt2312, Mkcmkc, Rhaluska, Zarcusian, TXiKiBoT, JorgeAranda, Dawidbernard, Dedicated to learn,
Jdcaust, Alabasterclam, Cena313, Corticopia, Knock-kneed, Fcb981, Ann Stouter, Jmklooster, Quizimodo, James Baraldi, Jr., Hnikolaus,
Qxz, VicenteGomez, Una Smith, Seraphim, Dendodge, Devilzadvokat, JhsBot, Loginblarg, Rob 5000x1, C.Kent87, DyceBot, Supertask,
Cleopatra selene, Linkjge, ^demonBot2, Raymondwinn, Bentley4, Wikiperuvian, Lego.knex dude, Malpasan, Seamus48485353, Tedpaul, Miteymite27, Darrman (usurped), CHorner2819, TheHorus, StarIV, Sodicadl, Uannis~enwiki, Fatchick69, InternetHero, Homicidal
King, Squidute, Synthebot, Scitim, N1ck854, Jaguarlaser, Enviroboy, Jacker28, Prayspot, Johndoe890, Steele09, K.d.stauer, Jellery,
40
14
Schnellundleicht, Wavehunter, MaCRoEco, Gamsbart, AlleborgoBot, Symane, Lovellhm, Computerlogin12, Yak99, Masterofpsi, Blupper92, Shaer444, Caligrl101, Pinoyboy1986, Demmy, Redishag, Jyomogida, Hi27, BobJr10, The Red Hat of Pat Ferrick, RtaMldta,
Robertmansd, Dismssd, Ohsnss, Dissimulation, SieBot, Dragon Lost In Mexico, Zlnetworks, Artchibras, Cmister6911, Esmexico~enwiki,
WereSpielChequers, Pownage55, Chokolate, Skidbladnir, BotMultichill, ToePeu.bot, Hertz1888, Hanzon, Jerahad, Edgeweb, Bluewiser,
Gerakibot, Aomd, Jbmurray, Dryfee, JT72, CagedKiller360, Saph777, Aeolopluton, ArchDeth, JCIV, Adelina and Hannah, Ashen is my
hero, Tigersmith12345, Onichivi, Purplepickle10, HkCaGu, The Evil Spartan, LibStar, JD554, Arbor to SJ, Ventur, LaHaine, Edoggy,
Jilplo Haggins, Wombatcat, Screamo pablito kudaii, Oxymoron83, H0ttamale2, Mattl2001, Targeman, Totonaco, JaneBlain, Lightmouse,
RW Marloe, AlexHOUSE, Kakashi-Kiba, Int21h, Mk32, Sanya3, Zwei Acacia, Onopearls, Bob Marly and the Seven Cats, Witeboi92,
Maelgwnbot, Correogsk, LonelyMarble, Thelmadatter, Spevw, Chirppie, Tesi1700, Realm of Shadows, Pgovenom, Hmhowarth, Chriistiian06, SilverBull, Baney60, 12va34, Asocall, Lord Opeth, Quoth nevermore~enwiki, Jimmy Slade, Miyokan, DTGHYUKLPOQWMNB,
Txnomad, Amazonien, TFCforever, Pzarate, ImageRemovalBot, Cubbies2007, Vivo78, Mr. Granger, D cushman, Huxley49, JCRB,
Martarius, ClueBot, Dreist, MonkeyMensch, Srishti1984, Selecciones de la Vida, Ultimatefrisbee92, PipepBot, JimmyX, Kevjumba, Kotniski, The Thing That Should Not Be, Eric Wester, MetroPlayer, Skeatsbeats6, Plcmat, MWatson15, Homan 056k, Plastikspork, EoGuy,
DEW 7, Pzurita, Nnemo, Woje, Wanderer57, Devinn, Jarocho9, Victoria99, Brigadierr General, Cserpell, Artyom, Der Golem, Mild
Bill Hiccup, Killacowz, Newstormer, IFCM, QneB, TBustah, Doseiai2, Pure 360x, Leodmacleod, Luisztdt, Gojeda, Crazypersonbb, Alcantara07~enwiki, DXhommie, House1090, Dameno Oirolos, Nautae1, Bardin, Puchiko, Auntof6, IMOW, Lotuscockatoo, Homan05,
Wutizevrybudylookingat?, NuclearVacuum, Coasilve, Hugowannahoogie, Sirius85, DragonBot, Dr. B. R. Lang, Excirial, Editor1123, CohesionBot, Biagofty, Alexbot, Iambenthejew, SamChambers, Ioannes Tzimiskes, Timsdad, LeviHB, Prozaker, Atick22, Mfa fariz, Ronaldmolina20, Americania, Chris Iz Cali, Hugo cantu, Jrsightes, Sun Creator, Sabegi, NuclearWarfare, Jotterbot, Jandrews23jandrews23, Doubleodd, RAYSHAHEEN, Corinmom, Connormom, Tnxman307, RobertoMiguel, Eustress, Lunalis, SoxBot, MJDTed, Rabindra Baral,
Dekisugi, Jakekim18, Malejotm, Mickey gfss2007, SchreiberBike, Yeyo187, Cocoliras, Justinscott3.5, Mexicumbia, Chrono1084, John
Paul Parks, Nathan360, Xantheif src, Thingg, Notthe600, Project FMF, Halgin, Samantha555, Carlson288, Versus22, Chimino, Kevinduron93, Sumaterana, Jesusmariajalisco, NJGW, Ce Ilhuicamina, SoxBot III, Etienne95, Beckford14, Duhhitsminerva, JamieTerrell,
Sunquanliangxiuhao, DumZiBoT, Sarahchristine88, Kevmcnal, XLinkBot, Tarlneustaedter, Marco1327, Cerian, Stickee, Dthomsen8,
Petrmyska, Little Mountain 5, Rreagan007, WikHead, Marrovi, Rozenlime, Mifter, Mhsb, Crlittle1, Laisadaza, Moisesencyclopedia, Pyrespecter, Evhs00, Brandonbb13, Good Olfactory, Monkeynator03, Gggh, Franz weber, Torben123, MatthewVanitas, Bonazzi, Jhendin, Gcstackmoney, Bookbrad, Proofreader77, Paper Luigi, Rdrgz93, Lemonman Fiddlercrab Meringue, Jv62, Edd07, DOI bot, Jojhutton, Szil66,
Esteban Zissou, Opus88888, M.nelson, Vc101, EjsBot, SpellingBot, Amanana, Farandulacriolla~enwiki, AaronBagelyIsCool, Alexlykke,
Kman543210, Zarcadia, Leszek Jaczuk, Monkeybarn, Soyossif, Tomjr3700, Sorendayton, WikiUserPedia, Gage123, Jmko22, Gizziiusa, Download, CarsracBot, Rocopter666, Michaelwuzthere, Chzz, Debresser, Favonian, ChenzwBot, Norhog, LinkFA-Bot, Nicmeynic,
JordanXhardcore, ArtSPQR, Arey051012, Numbo3-bot, The Reader who Writes, MonsieurBip, Flappychappy, Tide rolls, HelperBlase,
Abjiklam, Jarble, Marenach, Sevillano1, Cchow2, Contributor777, ARUenergy, Josefveg17, The Mummy, Ibama~enwiki, Luckas-bot,
Yobot, Legobot II, Amirobot, Gilberto lopez, The Earwig, Yzx, Lenno0x22, 12george1, Danielg77017, Ayrton Prost, Potapt, Sam 3010,
Hampton7c, 8ung3st, Againme, ICarly0246, Bility,
, AnomieBOT, Puertorico1, Joshweiser, Popezilla, Dector~enwiki, Kristen Eriksen, Veertlte, Rubinbot, Dingobird, Dabackgammonator, Billybillos, Lenpey, AdjustShift, Chuckiesdad, Nononsenseplease, LlywelynII,
Kingpin13, L3lackEyedAngels, Plumber, Ulric1313, MasqueIV, Strogano, Bosonic dressing, Bluerasberry, Materialscientist, Citation
bot, Trky0401, Mister Alcohol, ArthurBot, B. Fairbairn, Quebec99, LilHelpa, Apjohns54, MauritsBot, Xqbot, Cabrasucker, Xianman,
Injust, SraQJN, Eric Yurken, Renaissancee, Beast5293, Totoro33, Brthomps, Tucayo, Jmundo, Mmeismyteacher, Gurney601, Br77rino,
Ocelotl10293, Almabot, Zarzu, Shane045, Bigfan555, Mikeangelt, J04n, GrouchoBot, Nayvik, Oliwn, Cogrady11, Frankie0607, Daftpunker88, BubbleDude22, Anotherclown, Mark Schierbecker, RibotBOT, Khana042, Drinkbrisk, Waldemar15, Spesh531, Djjpineda,
Nicklepuppy, Gabsvillalobos, Vyperx1, Theartisticnerd, GhalyBot, Moxy, MerlLinkBot, Hb353, Pacianita, Hiersgarr, NibletAndScibletShow, Eugene-elgato, WebCiteBOT, Wolfpeaceful, Erik9, SD5,
, Gerardo enrique silva reyna, Fikusfail, Tktru, Nuiop729,
Hugetim, Ricraider, Chris-Gonzales, FrescoBot, Rohkmann, LucienBOT, Illustria, Kjpoconnor, Tobby72, Flaminius, Kikesexy, Lothar
von Richthofen, Jean.artegui, Thayts, Adam9389, ReneVenegas95, Addicted04, Yann98, Asdfghjkl123456789asdfghjkl;, E2w, A Werewolf, Greatace1, Bambuway, BenzolBot, Ladril, Cantuart, Scandza, OgreBot, Citation bot 1, DigbyDalton, Carmen Luzon, Symplectic
Map, Pinethicket, I dream of horses, Lukosio, HRoestBot, Russdude7, Blake24, Jonesey95, Cubby300, Rahlgd, Mutinus, Wikitanvir,
Zabadinho, Jim Fitzgerald, Mr. Sanchez 13, Sellersw, Schweinsteiger54321, Full-date unlinking bot, Pristino, Bodrugan, Green australia,
Ultimate Destiny, 24 biggest fan, Elekhh, Lightlowemon, FoxBot, Mercy11, Trappist the monk, Pablo7z, Plain87dice, NortyNort, RoadTrain, Dinamik-bot, Qazmlp1029, GreenUpGreenOut, Adoniwy, Scarab12, TheBridgekeeper, Hadynkihm, Felipito1.966, WCCasey, Diannaa, Justito, Fastilysock, Underlying lk, IRISZOOM, Nascar1996, Tbhotch, JaumeR, MABailey, Fry1989, HISTA, Thiago CA Leal,
SpeakoniaMaster, Stephreef, Bmathews96, Hpav7, RjwilmsiBot, Mario 181193, Generalboss3, IANVS, Ripchip Bot, Jimtaip, Ccrazymann, CalicoCatLover, Der Knstler, The Universe Is Cool, Drama123, EmausBot, John of Reading, WikitanvirBot, Distal24, Dewritech,
Sumsum2010, Faolin42, Blizzardstep0, Arcadio Buenaluna, GoingBatty, Mesgul82, Bull Market, Passionless, The Mysterious El Willstro,
Oman66, Yattum, Yoho951, DerlingSalazar, Kkm010, ZroBot, Checkingfax, Illegitimate Barrister, Lesswealth, Iaki Salazar, Yoki11,
Iwanttoeditthissh, Space25689, Userofsite1, Harbingerdawn, Fernirm, OneInAMillion96, H3llBot, Out90, Michaelenandry, SporkBot,
AbandonedIndie, DLS Texas, Highvale, Spacealex, Rassnik, Mongoloth, Aafacqk, Gsarwa, Quite vivid blur, Freakycookies, AlexR.L.,
ElockidAlternate, BernardaAlba, Ifellinlove, Hazard-Bot, ChuispastonBot, GermanJoe, ClamDip, Penelope37, Foxxygrandpa, Ace of
Raves, Alex gnpi, Yclept:Berr, Victoire Chalupy, ClueBot NG, Michaelmas1957, Jacksoncw, Msanjelpie, 1pelonr1, Bulldog73, Jorge
2701, Movses-bot, Erbaluce70, Turn685, Frietjes, Hazhk, Djodjo666, S gauge, U.Steele, Rezabot, AritaMoonlight81, Mozzyepic24, Cyrrk,
Pvt.Billinghurst, Heywhatsup98, Yearlingxxx, Robw345, Trentp124, Whywatsup, Patty.Gee'.Lobos, North Atlanticist Usonian, Hnefossvgslol, Mightymights, Helpful Pixie Bot, Tholme, Mark Marathon, WNYY98, Technical 13, REJS H, Ephert, BG19bot, Ymblanter, Success123$, Urbanuntil 1, Montana30, Northamerica1000, ComputerJA, Tolea93, MongolWiki, Eulgence108, HIDECCHI001, Tjl1128,
Atterion, Midnight Green, Compfreak7, Carry12q, Cadiomals, FoxCE, Yerevantsi, Wikih101, CitationCleanerBot, Ernio48, Ubiquinoid,
MisterMorton, Scuppers1, Kfcdesuland, Isacdaavid, Arno-nl, Peru Serv, Kusagami142, Shredder2012, Urjyurf, Gerardolagunes, BattyBot, Factsearch, LogicalCreator, Highlocal, Profe DB, ViewLakeShore, Ling.Nut3, Nguyn Quc Vit, Khazar2, IceBrotherhood, Enemyusuar, Fantom261092, Kodosbs, Delotrooladoo, Dexbot, ImFromCuliacan, Xochiztli, Alburzador, Br'er Rabbit, Hmainsbot1, Jonny
Nixon, Ssbbplayer, Hto9950, Movidix, SFK2, Giggette, Eldunayz, Spanish Philippines, Raj Singh, MarsBarLover, Faisal 1918, Mvmtrejo,
PC-XT, Seqqis, ChomanBaby, Kude90, CsDix, Lemnaminor, FamAD123, AndSalx95, Redd Foxx 1991, Inglok, Lfdder, Subbupedia95,
Aboutstyes, EvergreenFir, Dwscomet, Dustin V. S., Uriel323909, Hartsols, Pi3.124, MJ Soquerata, TexasMadeAzteka, Wikiuser13, TacticalMouse, IM-yb, Pointe Drive, Shearyer, B575, Bronx Discount Liquor, Kelinoftkn, Knuwtraps, Kind Tennis Fan, AbelM7, Useskamy,
Cristell24, N0n3up, Azertopius, Fv1209, Ikleshuko, Barjimoa, Kn1467, Fastcarcrazy7, Uricarrillo, Mistrout, Tikesyule, WikiWinters, OnTheMountainTop, Savvyjack23, Monkbot, Filedelinkerbot, TheBoulderite, Ryopus, Kimaleec, Oglesruins, Sf1000, Liberivore, Trackteur,
Monopoly31121993, StradBot, Johnsc1234, Ditttti, Razesuds, Starebube, Aergas, Bammie73, Reranian, Cig344, Unocha.visual, Madere,
14.2
Images
41
Julietdeltalima, TexanAzteca, Alakzi, SandKitty256, Tepehuan, MoreTomorrow, Aldiazmo, SantiagoFrancoRamos, Ivan Perez Garcia 8,
KasparBot, Mr.Bob.298, TheRealSingapore, HipHopVisionary, Supersnack, Robert92107, Joshwond, Jdude5 and Anonymous: 1749
14.2
Images
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/
Public domain Contributors: my personal archive
42
14
File:Gulf_Offshore_Platform.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Gulf_Offshore_Platform.jpg License: CC BY 2.0 Contributors: Flickr.com - image description page Original artist: Chad Teer from Coquitlam, France
File:Himno_Nacional_Mexicano_instrumental.ogg Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Himno_
Nacional_Mexicano_instrumental.ogg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Jarabe_Mixteco.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Jarabe_Mixteco.jpg License: CC BY-SA 2.0
Contributors: grupo Centotl - Mixteca 4 Original artist: Oaxaca Profundo
File:Location_North_America.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Location_North_America.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Bosonic dressing
File:Loudspeaker.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg License: Public domain Contributors: New version of Image:Loudspeaker.png, by AzaToth and compressed by Hautala Original artist: Nethac DIU, waves corrected by
Zoid
File:MEX_orthographic.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/MEX_orthographic.svg License: CC BYSA 3.0 Contributors: Own work with Natural Earth Data Original artist: Addicted04
File:Madero_en_Cuernavaca.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Madero_en_Cuernavaca.jpg License:
Public domain Contributors: Transferred from es.wikipedia to Commons. Original artist: The original uploader was Ruiz at Spanish
Wikipedia
File:Map_of_the_languages_of_Mexico.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Map_of_the_languages_
of_Mexico.png License: CC0 Contributors: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mapa_de_lenguas_de_M%C3%A9xico_%2B_100_
000.png Original artist: The original uploader was User:Yavidaxiu
File:MariachiFestivalSanJuanLagos.jpg
Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/
MariachiFestivalSanJuanLagos.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: AlejandroLinaresGarcia
File:Marina-Panther-Unitasgold2009.jpg
Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/
Marina-Panther-Unitasgold2009.jpg License:
Public domain Contributors:
http://www.southcom.mil/AppsSC/images/uploads/
0III0I1241205996.jpg Original artist: Mass Communication Specialist Seaman Patrick Grieco
File:Meebox_electronics.PNG Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Meebox_electronics.PNG License: CC0
Contributors: Own work Original artist: Foxxygrandpa
File:Mestizo.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Mestizo.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: http:
//www.emory.edu/COLLEGE/CULPEPER/BAKEWELL/period.html Original artist: ?
File:Mexican_Girls.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Mexican_Girls.jpg License: Public domain
Contributors: Own work by uploader/self-made Original artist: MisterC87
File:Mexico{}s_Territorial_Evolution.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Mexico%27s_Territorial_
Evolution.png License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Hpav7
File:Mexico-demography.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Mexico-demography.png License: CC
BY 2.0 Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Mexico_GDP_per_capita_2012.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Mexico_GDP_per_capita_
2012.png License: CC BY-SA 4.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Cig344
File:Mexico_UNOCHA.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Mexico_UNOCHA.png License: CC BY
3.0 Contributors: Based on OCHA map, however the logo was removed to be able to include in article. Original artist: UN Oce for the
Coordination of Humanitarian Aairs (OCHA) (Original) SantiagoFrancoRamos (Edited)
File:Mexico_relief_location_map.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Mexico_relief_location_map.jpg
License: CC BY 3.0 Contributors: Own work, using map data from administrative map by NordNordWest. The relief was created from
SRTM-30 relief data Original artist: Carport
File:Mighty_carved_stone_eagle.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Mighty_carved_stone_eagle.jpg
License: CC BY-SA 2.0 Contributors: originally posted to Flickr as Mighty Eagle Original artist: Tobias Boyd
File:Murales_Rivera_-_Markt_in_Tlatelolco_3.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Murales_Rivera_
-_Markt_in_Tlatelolco_3.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Wolfgang Sauber
File:Nafta.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Nafta.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: George
Bush Presidential Library and Museum full size image Original artist: Unknown
File:PRD_Party_(Mexico).svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/PRD_Party_%28Mexico%29.svg License: Public domain Contributors: This vector image was created with Inkscape. Original artist: PuebloUnited
File:PRI_Party_(Mexico).svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/PRI_Party_%28Mexico%29.svg License:
Public domain Contributors: This vector image was created with Inkscape. Original artist: PuebloUnited
File:Palacio_de_las_Bellas_Artes_(Mexico_City).jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Palacio_de_
las_Bellas_Artes_%28Mexico_City%29.jpg License: CC BY 2.5 Contributors: Self-photographed Original artist: Alex Covarrubias
File:Pico_Orizaba1.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Pico_Orizaba1.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0
Contributors: M. Klber Fotograe Original artist: Mg-k
File:Polanco_Skyline_Mexico_City_DF.jpg Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Polanco_Skyline_
Mexico_City_DF.jpg License: CC BY 2.0 Contributors: http://www.flickr.com/photos/rutlo/5446310652/sizes/l/in/faves-83466550@
N06/ Original artist: rutlo
File:Porfirio_Diaz_in_uniform.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Porfirio_Diaz_in_uniform.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: Source: Mexico: Its Ancient and Modern Civilisation Original artist: Charles Reginald
File:President_Barack_Obama_with_Stephen_Harper_and_Felipe_Caldern.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/
commons/5/51/President_Barack_Obama_with_Stephen_Harper_and_Felipe_Calder%C3%B3n.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: http://www.whitehouse.gov/assets/images/Mexico3_blog.jpg Original artist: Pete Souza, White House photographer
14.3
Content license
43
14.3
Content license