Issues and Concerns in Nursing
Issues and Concerns in Nursing
NURSING EDUCATION
LEGAL BASIS: Phil. Nsg. Act of 2002 – RA 9173
ARTICLE 5: SECTION 5: NURSING EDUCATION PROGRAM
Shall provide sound general and professional foundation for the practice of nursing
The learning experience shall adhere strictly to the specific requirements embodied in the prescribed curriculum as
promulgated by the commission on higher education policies and standards of nursing education.
CHED MEMO ORDER #30: UPDATED POLICIES AND STANDARDS FOR NURSING EDUCATION
In accordance with pertinent provisions of RA 7722
RA 7722 = “HIGHER EDUCATION ACT OF 1994”
PURPOSE: Rationalizing Nursing Education in the country with the end in view of meeting the health needs of people thru
quality health services and keeping it relevant and apace with the demands of GLOBAL COMPETETIVENESS.
• They came up with the policy in order for us to provide quality health services:
ARTICLE I: AUTHORIZATION
SEC 1: School of nursing must have a written recommendation from BON PRC, NSAC (National Student Affiliation
Committee) DOH
Screening prior to approval from CHED.
SEC 2: Nursing Programs must be authorized by CHED
completion of cases
SEC 3: Rules and regulations must be duly recognized and authorized by the government to operate the programs
WHAT IS TO BE A NURSE:
1. Involving oneself in pressing problems of the country
Social responsibility
e.g. go-abroad – share your knowledge
2. It means listening, understanding and communicating with others even if we have different styles, beliefs and
custom/ culture
Do not go against the belief of your client.
3) ART V CURRICULUM
SEC 1. The BSN curriculum maybe amended or revised provided it meet the minimum requirement of CHED
• The BSN curriculum is community oriented curriculum
• It aims to prepare Nurses for entry level positions in any health care settings in the country
e.g. hospital, clinics, health centers, homes and community
OBJECTIVE:
To produce professional nurses who demonstrate the following behaviors:
1. Possess caring behavior (compassionate, competent and committed)
2. Practice LEGAL, ETHICO-MORAL, SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES
• LEGAL – practice within context of profession
• ETHICO-MORAL – e.g. “making money out of the sick”
• SOCIAL – promotion, prevention, rehab of the community
3. Demonstrate critical and creative thinking
• sound judgment / open mindedness / maturity
4. Practice SKA for alleviation of suffering, assisting clients to face death with dignity and in peace
7) CURRICULUM
Art VI
4) INSTRUCTIONAL STANDARDS
Institution must maintain high standard of instruction
Must utilize appropriate and updated syllabi and updated instructional methods, strategies that contribute to sound
nursing education.
3) LIBRARY
LIBRARY HOLDINGS
1. 3,000 books
- books, journals, references
- up to date relevant books, serials, pamphlets, documents and non-book materials
- must be adequate to the curriculum, instructional, research, and recreational needs
- up to date electronic resources
2. The availability of CD-ROMS and on line data base
3. Core periodicals collection of current and relevant titles (local and foreign)
4. Filipiniana collection – 5% of the books
- Philippine nursing books of Filipino authors
5. A regular weeding program shall be undertaken to keep the collection relevant and up to date
4) LABORATORY
- general education
- nutrition
- anatomy and physiology
5) SKILLS LABORATORY
must have adequate space with adequate instruments and equipments simulating a hospital setting, community,
home and health centers and lying in.
demonstration room where there is one bed to eight students at one given time.
supplies and equipment for every level.
ARTICLE X
9] ADMISSION CRITERIA / SELECTION / RETENTION OF STUDENTS
composite score
SEC 1: High school grade – must belong to upper 40% of the graduating class – certified by the principal.
SEC 2: The school must have a well defined admission, promotion and retention policies published and made known to
students
SEC 3: Admission Quota – must consider the capability of the school to provide the following
a. qualified faculty
b. teaching/ learning resources – books, skills lab, classrooms, manpower
c. resources of the base hospital
clientele
staffing
facility . dialysis, x-ray, beds / rooms
number of student affiliates
SEC 4: Grounds for dying admission/ re-admission:
1. academic deficiencies
2. violation of school policies
3. closure of prog/ school
4. uses/ health reasons
5. failure to meet financial obligation to school
GOAL: Enhance care by standardizing nursing practices and policies across the region – CHN bag technique EPI
allows for decentralized, collaborative decision making, and give the nursing profession the right and responsibility
to participate in decision that affect the provision of clinical care, themselves and their profession.
e.g. : PNA per chapter have their own guidelines
DEPENDENT – means the nurse is self employed and provides professional nursing services to clients and their families
• Some INP services to clients and the clinics near a hospital
e.g. Psychiatric nursing specialist
• Most of them are community – based
• These nurses reach out and offer their services rather than expect clients to seek their help.
Evidence-based Nursing Practice solves problems encountered by nurses by carrying out 4 STEPS:
1. Clearly identify the issue or problem based on accurate analysis of current nursing knowledge and practice.
2. Search the literature for relevant research.
3. Evaluate the research evidence using established criteria regarding scientific merit.
4. Choose interventions and justify the selection with the most valid evidence.
V. ENTREPRENEUR
- An individual who assumes total responsibility and risk for discovering or creating unique opportunities to use
personal talents, skills and energy and who employs a strategic planning process to transfer that opportunity into a
marketable service or product.
- Is someone who creates a unique twist on a product or service in the successfully exploit that opportunity namely –
the money, people and organization.
Example:
- The one who made the athletic shoes
- The one who develop starbucks coffee
NURSE ENTERPRENEUR
- A proprietor of business that offers nursing services of a direct care, educational, research, administrative or
consultative in nature.
Ex. Nurse – owned nursing homes and consultancy agencies.
NURSE ENTREPRENEURS
- A salaried nurse who develops, promotes and delivers an innovative health/ nursing programme on project within a
given health setting.
ex. dx led rehabilitation unit, emergency service, clinic or telephone consultation service.
ADVANTAGES OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP
1. Freedom to focus on personal interests
2. Flexible time management – you are your own boss
3. Quality of practice
4. New opportunities for service requests – anytime clients can request your services.
5. Multiple sources of reimbursements
6. Enhanced problem solving skills and self-esteem.
- Provides endless challenges and opportunities for learning
BARRIES:
1. Higher cost of malpractice insurance Inability to obtain hospital privileges for some
2. Skepticism of physicians about the independent role of nurses
3. Statutory limitations – scope is limited
4. Start up costs for the practice
5. Hiring, training and retraining competent, enthusiastic personnel
VIII. GLOBALIZATION
- The emergence of a global society in which economic, political, environmental, and cultural events in one part of the
world quickly come to have significance for people in other parts of the world.
- The widening, intensifying, speeding up, and growing impact of world-wide interconnectedness.
- Is the result of advances in communication, transportation and information technologies.
POSITIVE EFFECTS:
Sharing of basic knowledge
Technology
Investments
Resources
Ethical values
NEGATIVE EFFECT
Rapid spread of disease
Illicit drugs
Crime
Terrorism
Uncontrolled migration
Unemployment
Government allowed the lease of large agricultural lands by foreigners
Selling of publicity owned facilities
CHALLENGES:
Reforms may have to be introduced in education in order to meet the new demands posed by globalization.
Curriculum use of computer.
Undertake various means to develop and improve professional standards to make them at PAR with international
standard.
• Globalization requires nurses to adopt a global spirit and try to find a common bond among people to lessen the
impact of cultural differences.
TRANSCULTURAL NURSING
- A humanistic and scientific area of the formal study and practice in nursing which is focused upon differences and
similarities among cultures with respect to human care, health, and illness based upon the people’s cultural specific
or culturally congruent nursing care to people.
- To deliver culturally sensitive care, the nurse must remember that each individual is unique and a product of past
experiences, beliefs and values that have been learned and passed down from one generation to another.
4 Major Challenges for Health Providers and Cultural Competency in Health Care:
1. Recognizing clinical differences among people of different ethnic and racial groups.
2. Communication – this deals with everything from the need for interpreters to nuances of words in various languages.
3. Ethnics – respect for the belief systems of others and the effects of those beliefs on well being are critically
important to competent care.
4. Trust
TERMINOLOGIES:
1. CULTURE – refers to the norms and practices of a particular group that are learned, shared and guide thinking,
decisions, and actions.
2. CULTURAL VALUES – the individual’s desirable or preferred way of acting or knowing something that is
sustained over a period of time and which governs actions and decisions.
3. CULTURAL DIVERSE NURSING CARE – an optimal mode of health care delivery refers to the variability of
nursing approaches needed to provide culturally appropriate care that incorporates individual’s cultural values,
beliefs, and practices including sensitivity to the environment from which the individual comes and to which the
individual may ultimately return.
4. ETHNOCENTRISM – the perception that one’s own way is best when viewing the world.
5. ETHNIC – relates to group identification, large groups of people classified according to common traits or customs.
6. RACE – any of the different varieties of humans assumed by some people to exist, based on the discrete typological
model of human variation.
7. ETHNOGRAPHY – is the study of culture.
CULTURAL COMPETENCE
- The process through which the nurse provides care that is appropriate to the client’s cultural context.
- Means to really listen to the patient, to find out and learn about the patient’s beliefs of health and illness.
CULTURAL DIVERSITY
- Difference among people that result from ethnic, racial and cultural variables, where people interact with people
with different culture from their own, engaging in cultural diversity.
CULTURE – the structure of knowledge, beliefs, behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, habits, customs, languages, symbols,
rituals, ceremonies, and practices that are unique to particular group of peoples.
CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURS:
1. Culture is learned and taught
2. Culture is transmitted from one generation to another
3. Culture is shared
4. Culture is social in nature