Formation Evaluation: Dr. Arfan Ali Heriot-Watt Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Edinburgh, UK Arfan - Ali@pet - Hw.ac - Uk
Formation Evaluation: Dr. Arfan Ali Heriot-Watt Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Edinburgh, UK Arfan - Ali@pet - Hw.ac - Uk
Exams
Two exams each counting 50% towards the
final mark
Section A Exam Closed Book (2 hours + 15
minutes reading time)
Short essay type questions, calculations,
exercises
Section B Exam Open Book (2 hours + 15
minutes reading time)
Interpretation of a downhole log section
Log
Runs
Presentations
Typical
downhole
wireline multifunction tool
Standard log
presentation
formats
Presentation
of SP and GR
log headings
Example of
actual header
and portion of
real log (N. Sea)
Saturation
Permeability
Darcys Law
Capillary pressure
Fluid properties
Water salinity, formation temperature
Basic definitions
Porosity
the capacity of the rock to contain fluids
Saturation
the relative amounts of these fluids in the pore
space
Permeability
the ability of the fluids to flow through the rock
Column stacking
Porosity = 47.6 %
Close packing
Porosity = 25.9 %
3. Summary of Procedures
Used in Interpretation
Correlate and depth match logs
Interpret lithology
Identify the reservoir intervals from logs
(permeable and non-permeable zones)
Divide formations into water and
hydrocarbon bearing zones
Divide hydrocarbon zones into oil or gas
Determine porosity in zones of interest
Determine the saturation
Log
Interpretation
Flowchart Porosity in
Simple
Systems
42
Borehole (BH)
Mudcake (MC)
Flushed zone (FZ)
Transition zone (TZ)
Rm Rmc Rxo
BH MC FZ
Fresh mud
FZ
TZ
Rtr
Rt
TZ
UZ
UZ
Salty mud
FZ
R
TZ
UZ
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