Perception and Coordination
Perception and Coordination
THALAMUS
Interpretation of sensation
5. GEOGRAPHY OF THE BRAIN
HYPOTHALAMUS
Temperature control
Water metabolism
Control of hormonal secretion
Heart rate
Peristalsis
Appetite control
Thirst center
Sleep-wake cycle
6.
CRANIAL NERVES conducts special senses (smell, visual, hearing). It also
generalized sense impulses (pain, pressure, touch, vibration, temperature, deep
muscle sense) voluntary muscle, control or somatic muscle impulses, involuntary
control, or visceral effector messages to glands and involuntary muscles.
7. CRANIAL NERVES
I. Olfactory -smell
II. Optic -vision
III. Oculomotor - -contraction of most eye muscle
IV. Trochlear - -movement of the eye
V. Trigeminal -great sensory nerve of head and face
VI. Abducens - -supplies one eyeball muscle
8. CRANIAL NERVES
VII. Facial - - motor sensory(muscles) for facial expression
VIII. Accoustic - hearing
17.
ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY-(EEG)
a recording of the electrical activity of the brain to physiologically assess cerebral
activity; useful for diagnosing seizure disorders; used as screening procedure for
coma; also serve as an indicator for brain death. May also be used to assess sleep
disorders, metabolic disorders and encephalitis.
18.
Nursing Implications:
Explain to client that procedure is painless and there is no danger of electrical
shock.
Determine from physician if any medication should be withheld before the test,
especially tranquilizers and sedatives.
Frequently, coffee, tea, cola, and other stimulants are prohibited before
examination.
Clients hair should be clean before the examination: after exam, assist client to
wash electrode paste out of hair.
19.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
- Cell nuclei have magnetic properties; the MRI machine records the signals from the
cells in a manner that provides information to evaluate soft tissue structures
(tumors, blood vessels)
20.
Nursing Implications:
Procedure will take approximately 1 hour.
All metal objects should be removed from the client.
The client will be placed in a long magnetic tunnel for the procedure.
Poor candidates for MRI include the following:
Clients with pacemakers
Clients with implanted insulin pumps
Pregnant clients
Obese clients
Any client who requires life support equipment
21.
COMPUTERIZED AXIAL TOMOGRAPHY SCAN (CAT) Computer-assisted x-ray examination of thin cross-sections of the brain to identify
hemorrhage, tumor, edema, infarctions, and hydrocephalus. Machine is large donut
shaped tube with table through the middle.
22.
Nursing Implications:
Explain appearance of scanner to client and explain importance of remaining
absolutely still during the procedure.
Remove all objects from clients hair; clients only receives fluid for 4-6 hours before
the test.
Dye will be injected via venipuncture; assess for iodine allergy and advise the client
that he/she may experience a flushing or warm sensation when the dye is injected.
Contrast dye may discolor urine for about 24 hours.
23.
LUMBAR PUNCTUREA needle is inserted into the lumbar area at the L4-L5 level; spinal fluid is
withdrawn, and spinal fluid pressure is measured; contraindicated in presence of
increased ICP. Normal spinal fluid values; opening pressure, 60-150 mm water;
specific gravity 1.007; pH 7.35; clear fluid; protein concentration,15-45 mg/dl;
glucose concentration 45-75 mg/dl; no microorganism present.
24.
Nursing Implication:
Before the test
have client empty the bladder.
Explain position (lateral recumbent with knees flexed)
Advised physician if there is a change in neurological status of the client before the
test; increased ICP is a contraindication to lumbar puncture.