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Chapter 1 - Introduction To Cells
Chapter 1 - Introduction To Cells
BOI206
Lecture 1
Introduction to the Study of Cell
Course:
Type:
Compulsory
Total Units:
No. of Lectures: 42
Lecturers:
Course outline
1. An introduction to biochemistry
2. Organisation of cell
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
4. Enzymology
Enzyme as biological catalyst, Enzyme kinetics, Enzyme inhibitions, Enzyme regulation,
Allosteric enzymes.
Objectives:
Course evaluation:
Test/Quiz/Assignment/Practical: 50%
Final Exam: 50%
Laboratory Practical:
30%
Test/Quiz/Assignment:
20%
Tests:
Come to class!!!!!!
Principles of
Biochemistry
4th Edition
Biochemistry
5th Edition
Biochemistry
Chemistry of living organisms.
The study of biology at the molecular level.
tissue
ecosystem
community
Cell: smallest
living unit
population
organelle
multicellular
organism
organ system
molecule
organ
subatomic particle
atom
Eukarya
(eukaryotes)
Structure of virus:
nucleic acid with a protein envelope
T4 Bacteriophage:
infects prokaryotes
Used by
scientists to
introduce
foreign genetic
material into
bacterial cells:
genetic
engineering/
recombinant
technology
Adenovirus (cold)
Nuclear membrane
Mitochondrion
Golgi apparatus/body
Cytosol
Plastid
Endoplasmic reticulum
(smooth &
rough/granulated)
Chloroplast
Centriole
Nuclear plasma
Centrosome
Nucleolus
Ribosome
Chromatin
Liposome
Cell wall
Vacuole
PROKARYOTE
Bacterial cell
Bacterial spore
lophotrichous
amphitrichous
peritrichous
Locomotor organelles
Eukaryotic cell
May have flagella or cilia. Flagella and cilia are organelles
involved in locomotion and in eukaryotic cells consist of a
distinct arrangement of sliding microtubules surrounded by
a membrane. The microtubule arrangement is referred to
as a 2X9+2 arrangement.
Prokaryotic cell
Flagella
composition: A bacterial flagellum has 3 basic parts: a filament, a hook, and a
basal body.
Transmission Electron
Micrograph of Escherichia coli
O157:H7
Plant Cell
Mitochondria
Lysosome
Nucleus
Nuclear body
Eukaryotic cell
a. Bounded by a nuclear membrane having pores connecting
it with the endoplasmic reticulum
b. Contains one or more paired, linear chromosomes
composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) associated with
histone proteins
c. Nucleolus present.
d. Nuclear body is called a nucleus
Prokaryotic cell
a. Not bounded by a nuclear membrane
b. Usually contains one circular chromosome composed of
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) associated with histone-like
proteins.
c. No nucleolus.
d. Nuclear body is called a nucleoid
Chromosome
Cell division
Eukaryotic cell
a. By mitosis
b. Sex cells in diploid organisms are produced through
meiosis
Prokaryotic cell
a. Usually by binary fission. No mitosis.
b. Organisms are haploid. No meiosis needed.
Nucleic acid
Endoplasmic reticulum
(smooth & rough)
EM
Golgi apparatus
Plasma membrane
Prokaryotic cell
a. Cytoplasmic membrane; is a fluid phospholipid bilayer
without carbohydrates and usually lacking sterols . Many
bacteria do contain sterol-like molecules called hopanoids.
b. Incapable of endocytosis and exocytosis.
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