3 Artificialliftsystems
3 Artificialliftsystems
3 Artificialliftsystems
By
Matthew Amao
Lecture Outline
Artificial Lift Systems
Introduction
AL systems are the technologies used to augment fluid
production from the reservoir. These fall into several
categories depending on the operating principle, design and
energy source. Production rate from wells may need to be
augmented principally for two reasons;
Inadequate reservoir drive and energy to produce fluid from the
reservoir
Non-economic production rate from reservoirs natural energy
drive
When economic
production rates cannot
be achieved by natural
drive and energy of the
reservoir.
Liquid Loading
When the hydrostatic
gradient of the liquid
column prevents gas
from coming into the
well in low rate gas
and condensate
reservoirs.
Preservoir < Phydrostatic
Most wells will Need Artificial Lift Sometimes in their Productive Life
Monday, September 30, 2013
Examples;
Reciprocating pumps- piston, plunger
Rotary pumps Progressive cavity
pumps (PCP)
Dynamic
Pumps
Centrifugal
Rotodynamic
Electric
Submersible
Pump
Axial
Rotary
Positive
Progressive Cavity
Pump (PCP)
Displacement
Reciprocating
Plunger Lift
(Reciprocating Progressive Cavity Pump)
LUBRICATOR
ELECTRONIC
CONTROLLER
FLOW TEE
W/O-RING
BLEED
BYPASS
VALVE
MOTORIZED
VALVE
VALVE
CATCHER
W/ARRIVAL
SENSOR
EXTERNAL
CABLE
PLUNGER
BUMPER SPRING
TUBING STOP
Stationary elastomer
Shape of cavity
between stator and
rotor for moving fluid
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Hydraulic Pump
(Dynamic Pump)
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Environmental
Constraints
Operational
Constraints
Economics
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Operational Constraints
Operating Problems such as solids, formation fines. Some ALS are more tolerant of solids
than others.
Automation: Will the system be automated once installed e.g. Intelligent Wells and Smart
fields
Operating Personnel: Is there capable manpower to run and operate the ALS
Available Power Source: This will limit the type of engine that the ALS system can have.
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Economics
CAPEX (Capital Expense)- This is the initial acquisition and
installation cost of the ALS. Centralized or standalone system.
OPEX (Operating Expense) This is the cost that would be incurred
in the daily running of the ALS. Costs here include, fuel, servicing,
replacements parts etc. Its best to choose a system with low OPEX.
Personnel Training Costs
Repair and Replacement Costs
Economy of scale: Number of wells in the field with same system
may give better project economics..
Reliability
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References
James F. Lea and Henry V. Nicken, Selection of Artificial Lift,
SPE 52157
Heriot Watt University, Production Technology Course Notes
Wikepeadia, www.wikipedia.org
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By
Matthew Amao
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