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How to use few, a few, little and a little correctly

Form
(a) few + plural countable noun
(a) little + uncountable noun

Meaning
1.

We use a few and a little to mean a small quantity or a small number.

I have a few friends (a small number)

I have a little money (a small amount)

2.

We use few and little to mean "not enough", or to give the small quantity/number a negative meaning.

I have few friends. (a small number, and I wish I had more)

I have little money. (a small amount, and I wish I had more)

3.

Few and little without "a" are quite formal. In spoken English it is more common to say only a few / little
or not much / many.

Few people came to the meeting - more formal

Only a few people came to the meeting - less formal

Not many people came to the meeting - less formal

4.

If we use a few or a little before a pronoun or determiner, we use of.

A few of them went to the cinema.

He only kept a little of his money with him.

Few / a few
A few is more than few.
few + plural countable noun
few = almost none

few people, few books, few letters

A few is a positive idea.

Fortunately, our financial situation is good: we


still have a few good customers.

Few is a negative idea.


We can also use very few.

I'm very sad: I have few good friends.


I'm very sad: I have very few good friends.
(Both these sentences mean I don't have many
good friends - I would like to have more.)

Few has irregular comparative and superlative


forms.

few - fewer - the fewest


a few - more - the most

Little / a little
A little is more than little.
little + uncountable noun
little = nearly none, nearly nothing

little time, little food, little money

a little + uncountable noun


a little = some but not much

a little time, a little food, a little money

Little is a negative idea.


We can also use very little.

I can't help you. I speak little English.


I can't help you. I speak very little English.
(Both these sentences mean My English is bad
- I would like to know English better.)

Little has irregular comparative and superlative little - less - the least
forms.
a little - more - the most

A little is a positive idea.

Compare:
I can help you: I speak a little English.
I'm sorry I can't help you: I speak very little
English.

a lot of/lots of
These phrases are mainly used in informal English. Lots of sounds a bit more informal than a lot of.
Both forms are used in singular and in plural sentences.
It is not the phrase a lot of or lots of which determines singular or plural, but the subject of the sentence
(here water and computers).
singular
A lot of water is wasted.
Lots of water is wasted.
A lot of computers are needed at schools.
plural
Lots of computers are needed at schools.

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