1939 Analysis Proposals Provide Rapid Adequate Mass Transportation La Area
1939 Analysis Proposals Provide Rapid Adequate Mass Transportation La Area
1939 Analysis Proposals Provide Rapid Adequate Mass Transportation La Area
UNIvER'l'JjY
OF CALIF9~~
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Provid
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t1~1v'er81tY!Of ,Oal1forbla
at
Angeles; I
LOB
'-
May 15,
1939 (."
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OF b ONTENTs ..
TABLE
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CHA~'l'ER
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AN ANALtSIS
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HiSTb~I6AL' sm'cHI
AND .PR9P0SAL~
OF MAJOR
.,
t'
TRAFFtC'~URms
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..30
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I STR~T
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Recomm~~datlons. ~ ,. t ~ ~' . I~
Method of, Financing,
Sponsors of Ele. ated Railways a
~bways
Obje~~ion to El vated Railways
rid~~ubways
. I
V.
ANAL~~IS
BUS'AN;D. MOTORWAY.
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Bus ~ro'p08als.
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Motofway.s.'. ..
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MAJOR OBSTACLES
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TO
T~,REALIZATION
dF PROPOSALS
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THE
cURRENt
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SITtrATrO~
~LOS/ANfELEs.'
IN OTlIER CITiES
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The Current
Twans1t
survey
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Growth, of Population
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Dehs'1t,.
ci1iies
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of ~popula.t10n
in the United
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in
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severa-l' important'
States,
Comparative registration
Los Ang~les andi, other
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of,automp,bl,lea.
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cities
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''Tota-J.---Yehicle trafficelJ.tering
a~ le8:v,l~,
busine~trl.ct_jgn
anav.rage
we~k~,!,,,
6:00 A~)(. to 10:00 P.ll.,' .; .,,!!..._, !,. '.
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transit
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c. 'P~r-t.r,';.~t
Kayor John
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'deserves
years
s~cured niriety
aft.r
thousand
thatwll1
dollars
all
from t~
long standing,
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l(oard of ,City Plannina
~p...,th4t Rapid Transit; Pr'oblem:' (lQ,30'),"
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of .. th.eity.,
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loc~ltransportat~on,
illustration:
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Federal, gove~ent
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serve
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'A striking
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attent~lon a~
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local
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h~t~P,P.~t~tt~~, \ ;'
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quest1onstated,
Some eight
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adequate "-.~tl'anq~~,t1~1n./:
,O~lc,i~l
ditrieul ti ~.Lo.
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man~ 'years.
the rapid
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THE 'PROBJiM~'
AN ANALYSIS'8~;
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member
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street
to Teith
aiId
fourteen' ~~t
this, dist~,ce.,
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t:ah',.b..~~..
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car was,l1ke~s.
di stan ee
The t1me
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horaeaoowggyt1>le\rort7-ei&ht7a.re ago..~~~t~~wed.
the street
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traverse
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car rate
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speedot
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,.memor.ndUlll
to tbe-~."d oLa t:,~n1ri& 90"'J~~;~::.~ttj;;:;,.
ot Los Angel ,
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leoaen~d;to an "xtlll1tthat~urt.'!~
eomewhat
higher .peed. ot ,r~.it.~}
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OO1llpa~atlvely1n~equate.
c~~~,~~ll~~~~ol!:T'~
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in a slight
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business district
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8 pi
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Tbe
AutomobileClub ot,I S011th~1'Il
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ot IIOderntechnological ca~acit,.
a recent luney
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street
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seventh'
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of the principal
citiea
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data on fifty
cities .'fhi~
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automobl1:a Ico~stltute't~~
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Loa J.nielea~
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with 'etficient
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f'acill'itiea,
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portation
situation
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is necessary tot.k.
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portation.
The distribution
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population.
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time 170,298_,
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19~Othe cit,.~i.kure\"'s'
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Twelfth ,Census 2!
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Ibid.;
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p . '32,.
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city <ar4:
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has a decidedly 1mpo
rt ant bearing on the !questioD f.?t
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IBCREASEIlf
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Pasadena
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28
- . .$~
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28i
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Glendal~
22
24:
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11
Alhambra
231
86i
It
Hunt1ngton
18
20
It
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Burbank
32
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It
W1lming ton
"5'
,40'
It
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Bell'
25
,,"
..SOl1RCE:
.lutompblle
Survey ~
Park
25
Traftlc
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GRO\'f'l'H .OF
I.
\\ . ::Cenaua Year
I .
1900
102,4,;.9
t
1910
,504
319.U?8.
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1920
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2. 2oe'~'4g2
1930
193'7
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1,327.'6P2
1938
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2,368,~.~2
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5~\~7t15~4
sro~
the ci tY;l1Jll1
ts sho.,..eda subat.ntial
fourteen percent.
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ot ,~~e ~r~~\
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Th,.e_jor
,".
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in tl1e:
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This rapid growth to over one millio,p ~~bi tants ,wasa ~j~'
t
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ot
1. Thirteenth Cenaus !
p. 82.
15
Fifteenth
, p.
61.
censu
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tlnlted Stat.~'POP'!latiO~.,(l~l(j)
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p0!-~.'''~'I~'
l~es!,'!1brup,t"
r,.~.:/or
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for 1~:'''''''~:~~''~~4111'\'
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CO'~,~lt~n..poW.~,t1~D,
ii1~
t~t1(1
Te~."
the nel<t~
:519~
198, 14 aDd in 11120:
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2!PojplatloD,
Dl.trl~~lon
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ot population is a
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of traIU!it difflcultlea;eapeclally
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businesl district.
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busine'ss district
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height,
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population in districts
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Supra, p. 4.
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21
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l~t
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country.
"~
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-residential
'~
;,t
/!~"it;
normal pro~e
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of growth tbereoccura
t \ i.
"
,tbe.di.\tri~tioll:H\'j'"
nditioning
,within a centralized
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Rei~t,~J p~o~i~~'I
Do~d
Baker, !lJlaS,. Transportat10n 'am i.Some'
an
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1. S.-O. E._ IV, p. 3-4 (193l). This .~t1cl. g'-v
adequate account ot th1a.,v,ment
d1.trlct~ : . ,
,
"',',
oft~e.ntra~
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Table III
shOW8th!!
comparison:w1tho~her
figures
table
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that
~\~ficulties
transportation
Angeles.1I
in this
~s
~ovel' a .i4e
of Tratflc
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or Chi,~;'So
Congestion
i
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particu~ar
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of urban, -development" it
each day.
responsibl:~
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pr~-li,.'
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part
area},
Phl.~adelPh1e.
business
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Sources
pattern
had"
in t~wering skyscrap.ra~
respec't.:
,.
.<,
t~~~Ople
.,
:/.:
Lo. ~,l
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population
I~~\"';
~'!~"".j'
I"
i~ appears, lt~t
.
cities~22,Fr"th8
an Ul1Uaoualdis"tribution
its
into
that.
there
,
central
tlow,is
in good,
of...mass .tram I
in popula.tion
"the streets
, ,.,
streets_
a;re used by ~y
'..
thousaItds of resl,d,ntsot.
:,
'
-.
':.
i1umber
ottourists"
.
~i
'.
accounts
~lightly
over ~ m1l110n~r~-inhs:bit~is
~hah" thectt'1~24\
I,
,!
':
"":,
23
l~cat~d
..
.1::
Ai,4
l,ot
'
e or ,~ach"
I'
Bureau of street
Traffic En~in8ering
Report, p: 2 (Febrhary 15, !i938)'.:'
.
2.
,'"
~.' ~~.
,',
,i ,I
!."
~.
22
"
":
',23
,"
I
1
'
.
'
,(R_I T. Dorsey,
Chlet-)',
,i
\ ,
~
.',
~11 1, 1938.
~,
i ;
'\
'\', '
'.[
<\:;~t
, I
1
,
"
i"I:
I '
Density
, Ii,
'I,
..
16,723.3
15),21i1,.Q
i,
11:;'376.4",
,',
.,
.~. !
I 2,747.p
"
12' 726~j1
"
,,,
Ip,224~5.
,'17,794\.7
I
:.
/ ii
:J.~,,()6~,~
9" '
'I
' ,
r,,'
>4" .-:.
:.
~j
,I
'i'
"
'!
t>!'
;. 'I
';0
...
. j.
Tr.ns~~~t~t{ion; , ",
~~
2!. .! '~~Wld.
'~. .
"~'I
l.
,I
;
..I
I
I'
, (,
I
1
Ii.
I
I
'Jt~
;.
'"
'/,1
I
~,
I I
'I
~>/
I
,,
II '\
I
l I
I
I
"
"
.~
\.
! ' '
"
'"
'
outlying centers
I'
:.i"
..r'
!J,",
.:c~"
~-
I'
of'"
"'.
".'
_'\.
,j"
1'1'
I
'.
transported
I'
I'
7"
"
,I
i! "'\
I'"
1~b.~
" . "
'.
..f;
. , '1'
. 'i
[!
.'
ot, ,indl~~ual.'.'
',
,I
;;.,t
._ I .
.ach-aai~"
'.'
,"
COllllllUn1t~,~,~7~.t.S'
I ~
'~r " ~ ~
',',,'
.;.
~r.; ..L,"
...
'"J
'\
thousands.
. \<
.,
....
however, to ahow"tb.at~,th8'
. I .'
t~i
it 18 th1a6
'or,' ,,:,
t It to .
I
I
bI'Kelker,
DeLe.,;., ,
'
":,
..
'.
't': "..
~.>'
.;
II.
'",
...
'28
Intra,Cbapter:
29
:'""935J.
'\,~
0
"i...
-I
-- -
I.
"
"
'i
The regi'fJtration
.[
I'.
' ..
I
county during
the years
I"
result
of this
"
factor~
'30
of' approximately
I . '
'.'
"
,'7
:t~,'';;1
;S
P,
~t-
".
'~.""
'~ "1
'.'
,', "',
,,'
, " :',
By 1918, regiat:rationa,'
which inoreased
.mp~u!se~'
".'j
. .:",
WhiChoc'curred as a direct"
, ,,',
of 107,232,
,,}'/'
.'
v.,,'
.
i.
'~;.'
, '
,'.
of motor vehiqles
13
,~c"
aut~~,
,"J>,',
",:
I'"
",.~
.~~'
':
,',
to 425,:582.1n 1923.agrqw1;h,
fi;e
,amazing deve10pment,continued
the three
depres~ion
was a slight
y~:rs
without
"
in~erruption,
r',
1933 ~en
I ;'
three
ye~s .33
"
If one considers
the streete
there
'
,I
I;'
".
'I
outside
'
,Recent investigations
'
being
,",
,~/
;'
960,
c1t1and/e~unt,.
1.
of thiS, ~re~"l~
/'
.. '
I,
.1'
,wh~ch
",.1';;: '" '
is '~ir'~~ted
,;~\,
'I
'
regi8tr,atlo~
'~
'
"
;:
automobile
-l
' ,
"
' \
31 ,Idem.
32
the, '
,;(}~.~
' :'
30
niumber of av.tom:obilea
and i highwata of t~
,.;
ii,
the ad4itional
34'
traversing
~~~~ '. ,
,.,'
";:"w,;~"
of ,1931, 1932,.!.~
decrease.
savator
[Idem'.
'.
' ':,t
' ".' "
1-"
<f..
I'
'
:',
\r."
1
"
.;",~
:.,/.
,.
"
',\,
'!' \'
"
'\;
'~., . ~ . '
.J .. ,',
I \
!
1,/' /',
,'j!
"
'
1"...
'
J<
,
1be Aut0f'blle
\:,;'
"'!
. . a.2 .
"
2 .8 persona' ~ ; .r
one re,gis tered
e.cll
,vehici1e:to
,
'
,I,
,
L08 Ange1~8:
'.
Chioago:
"
Detroit:
New York:,
"
".
,Ph11ade1pp.la:
Reterr1ns
tor
1
I
.~'. ,.
'
'
1""
'! It
It
"
"
:'
If
'It
If
"
. ;,
,.
11~6
'II
iii
9.0
it
is important
to not,
automo~i1e:regi.t~.t~ons
In 1915, available
'"
'
I'
"
figure
'.
"
,36
I',
t,oa
population,
':
'
hadleaped
.\
l..~
;.
icar8 reg1ste~ed,~or
,I
a\
"
of 200registered'cars
registered
'
there
pOP\:l.lat1an,.
'
'.J
''ibi.
:o",
I' ,
representsa,litt1e
37
since 1924.
I'
\
:.,!
The Clu~, states:,
"Iti.
beli,ieYed t~tii;ta... d~Rai~J,'per
square mile of automobile ual~ lsgr~a~.,r,1 ~1l~t~,~~~~r~7lQ;
the eonge~ted port,iona ot t~ Los ~et,e~
are~, ",tli4n 1.b. '
any:other locality
in the Unlted 3tate.~~Au~0.obile
Qlub
or ~outhern California,
~Flt.
~ p. 10.
I'
,
,
,"
36
'
I'
i'
.... :.
<;,~
,.1
,I
\.
i
'
<,f
, ;
(.i9r':l.
.\
,i
,
,,
.
alightlyh1sJ1er
peraonator
a~a.
".
' :." I
"
,,'
' . ',~.'.
. . 11' \
'J,''
I,
c', :')\
~'
i.
'
I I,. ..
i"!,
"
_.>1
\;
,,:,
~-,t
",I"
p.",
.. '
.:
~~W',:~i'~
.. t
tit t1iai~4~~g~18a
'!!.
' ",
. I
i '."
I'
I"
s~ate.:
i
'j
''',!
ea,ehr.g"1at8r~d V~"t8
'I
i'A
t1~r.
,'l'hisreport
..
'
I'
i
<
'
veh~~~~~l::Jh~:r:,e
c~:;~f: .~~~;:
~t. s~:~'e~~:~ ::':' '.~,"j' .': ..,', ':,,';;~
tt maJ be ,atated that the ~B1'r O~\'l.~t() bile ~terbig.) '''-','
#,he Central Tratfic Di.tric~ 1~ ot ~.rl., .lealllrae&r17'~.,
"",'
twice the n'U1llber
enter1Dg t~ ;:.L09p: jDirtr.ict"'/ in :C~1eqo.';",1 .
Fiitty-a1% per cent ot allp,r.~n.
eqt~~ ~;I,o~!:~.1e.,'"
;!,/'"
central tNt'fic b~pri't'ate ~~.t.o_b~l.~~a~.g.~!l~~_~~"~"'"
"
two per cent in S~ Francls~o.39 .!
! I
'.
\,' \', ,; : ;.~ '"
i'
'i.
~ ,.
":
Table IV !'urthe: 1llustratrs
the ~o,:!,:~ar~.o~.
' t?. ~,. ~~ ,~., "
I
~.~.l
i ,I:,
I,
'.,
~ji ,
t.-,
.j
~\factors
'.
involved.
1\
First
. ,'
.,
andtoremost,
'
I:
of :course, 'ls
"
!.
i'
'
in
.
,;
i:'"
Aii.! aSl1ee\that
I~
ti~'b~~"
t~"
. ~ Il
' . i.;"
'
,'t, .
',I
1.
'.'
ot t~e ~tomo~li.
r
.i
The.signiricance
~ldespread use
\"
"
'
'I
'
. t;
i' "
\,
'
\.
"
':
'
' ,
p. 2.,
'
:'
O""~
.~.'t,.'J"
'I
. \; . ,
\
\
l
~
"
!....
,I ..
,.
,,.I.
TABLEr, IV
Tot~l'Reg1~;t. led;'
I
Jlotor ~.h1cl~.
I,
il
Chicago
Philadelphia:
'485,566
'229,371
1~7'~;..
1,960,961
"
,,'.,1,5~,622'
Loe Angelea
388,946
517,6~~
1,238,048
Boston
113,116
781,188
"
Pittsburgh,669,817
74,58.:
,.
st.
Loui.
","'.896,~7
,168,'176 ,
~:.
WasW-ri.gton
(804,874
325,597,
I..
,
I,
:,486,869
156,686,
.f
I'
':J;
Kanaas OitJ,:
,521,'603
j. ,
;'126,119, ,
. I!
.1'
II,
80~CE:
Los' ~ge1esChamber
ii,
'1
/.
"j,1.
..
,(
'.!
j
"
.
".
'[I
\
I
",
'I
" ~ . ,,:\;'\
',' I
\"
",
I,
.,:,.
248
J:!t'.; ~~'
.(~
t ".
.. !I\"'I>
. ! .
j .
,.,\ ,t'
t i
'~f.:~
" ;,,~..:'~..:,' r,
"
,:to.
,"
,.
,.t.t.
:'.,;~
.'..,
.
J.~ "' . ~)"""h1:ti
,1"\"
" ... ; .1
,.'~
":1'
~
~
I~,
ot ...
i '
:1
.I,'
Climatic
cond1tions,
then,
I.,
act as an indirect
ot cOD.i-
tact.or
!l.
derable
importanc.
affecting
in anJ consideration
tbeproblem
of transport.tion
~.
o~ taein1"luenc
I,
to the increase
~port~t
"i'
ih'Lo8 Angel
j
The other
,/
baj
'.\"
,1.
element wntch
,.j
e6~tribute~
d1r~~tIY
congestion
;n
! Los ~geles,
obtains
is
res1fential
tallies
area which
in singledweil,':'
so exte~i:vel'1.
.
subdivisions
tlvet6
of the
from"the standpoint
ot surtace
of prop.rty:haver~sulted
wide-flung
42
'
area.
42,
in .catter1~
basis,
. 'i
extending
trom .
in all directions
~o' distances ot~o.:
i
:
43
m1les. \'This
situation,
coupled wlth the
!
\ .
,j
; I.;"
41
,.
citJ
twenty-tive
I,
? ~.'1; ":-r
~.
Probl ,'.'l'
;.'
/'
i.
43
J'
.,.
~"
, .'
'
'\
'j
, '\
"~,"0;
~:
'," I
i'
:,
COU~~~
"\
be.en~~h*"~~~::~~
'th.
c.
!~~t than~
clt~,~,
build1n:s of ,treeti
~
,~
1f,.
~~',
",'
Ii
fl'
'-:j.1
fit
'.:.:':'),;~~:-:
has
'.
structed,
has r;.ultM
,
'"
4,11
mobile gowth.
,;:'
in mid.al
\
:.
nl
-1
'!_(;.,~"
..
While pop~stio,ng1io~h
Dkit
,,'
11
,;
con. ,.'
'"
been
'\'
'
,.
"e
'i-'
I,
'1#~
,I,
.uto...
'f
"
.~'
i ,.)i~.\
..
,
"i'
an4deTelo~ptof
,,',
_ ,
.:e'
autOD1Obl1.t~at~Jc
;i~~'
~t~ ' l~J;.~~'~:-.:~'
aig~~.'tI~~ntractor
11<
combinlatlon tpfoster
,;, 'L ,I,!I' ,
../
"',!"
,'.
l(,:'
~o~l1~rfiNting
'
J 'I!
t,'
'"
".1.,
'Yo
Cl~
'
".
";
t
'
J\",
a~tll,te"btn.~'
G'
"
plan of transportation
."
~ I
'
':'
"
Railway a~
.,
lines
'
so, tp.atthey
"
'.
were project~d
"
. ~
.\'.
'
I'
incorporated
'"
, ,','
44
"
'i
'
46
','
'
'
:1It4,1,)1;., ,
I'
'.
J'
"
:,!~,
'
CO~18s1,C:n~,J~\f1~~t.'~):
'~I:';'"
les ot' s't1'tu~t.':\.,. '~'~'v':"
f'.
'"
"
I,
',;Thlrty~,1i ':~~~';"':'~:'t5::!
1The
19V':6
I-
.'
I,
cities
,~..'
:"11kel t,he,spOke.,~,~."a,
(..
rail
., in cona,14.er.J.M,'
.
in LosI~e.le.,
for both'streets
'(j\"
,c.~'
'I,
difficulties
.1
'-1'
,\"~,,,,,-:~
.
II
,LI
t'
\ L
\
'
',:".
' ,,'
,.,'
,,'
",'
'
'."
"C',',
',;L '
e1<t ':::,~'~'~:
.'
N ....
,"',
,~
'\,
'.
',. \",
'
"--
'
''''~i
,
':1:,1''''
'~earl,..
cc:nstrUct1on ot-;.treet.i
"'~
'h!!liw~tsO..n\l~,. "
"
district
;'
in the' e.nt~.l
'i
bUSin.S8
our
"
traffic
46
trict.
or
"
1\
d:fn~,.the.
1~es,~eep~r
,
,
problem which arose at: a later d.,..
the transportatl~n
'.
i -
. -,
I -"'.".,
.~, ;"
'\ '::'.
' '
i~~lu.~oed
.J
ra!'l lines
,_.,
Cong.el!t-t10n
oftraf.fic
',.".
in certain
\ .
""
".
." 4_
of Main street
,
of, the
specificl distrIcts.
I,
in tr,!Ul~p'ort.tl~~~,'
','
11',.
cl~_
t ~..
~.
"':'.'-..:
~'rhl .. ,due',
'.,
'
Elec~rlc Railway.
that:
tl
The use of a "stub end" ,terminal w'ith -incOmingtrack t'rom amaiA '
'i
.,t
!j
;'"
~\ $S
H
,-
tandard SlWgeby the other sys tem, and I the, hampering of .1nter- .
,I
II
'
\\sectional traffic
"
et -.
across 14ainstreet
;\
"
' I
\ 46
\ 47
'
'
I .
! .
!'
ii,
I
i
1
.'
'.
1",
i
I
"
'1,"
I
\,
Paoifie Electric
track layout.i'
,:
..
I.
'I'
jl}
'
"i'l
I.
'\;
p~obi~.' 6.i-tain'
'\:
natural
Topographical' .Fa~tor~
.
1~\'J'
48
'l
" . ",~~
"
,~J
-l'
"':.
__
'..
I,
I'
transportation,
,.
"
",;tt,~1
I"
: '..
still
OutstandIng In,this
.'"
.'
~_
respect as
.J
Hill)'.
~\,
1m~edIJ1l.nt
"tot~e(",ri~1il."D8
!'
I
. /
i~a':! ,...J"
,
handicap to transportatIon
','
I,"
,,'"
'r'
' \
~>'.1",;!.
. "
on the west.
,
business district~
Because
'
<,f
Severaltun~el.a tJouih'
j c~,_j.;
"but
;,.'
tit
I
~'
,',
'
as an important obst"cl~
to i eas7 access
.
area, stillstand8
'
,'Figueroa street
,,
'!
(formerly ~e~
".-i
engineering pro-
be' mention~.:
;
rapid tran8it,,
..
49 '~elaborate
----1I
of jlldgitlgth. '
was:,eqndu~t~, in. ~
S~~ 1fhelr Re~
\.eA,Bconpmic
,
,
..'
A'
1-'
-, 5O~"IDi;;'~;~
~~ti~'rl:tord18CU8s1on o~ pi-oject8"imiC~ haye' '
'tlii1iilm1z'd~these natural barriers.
: ';
'
Ift1"k!!.. -,
:i ~.
., f
.-
I'
,
I,'
,/
',1
.1
'
/1' I '
:: ' ,
"
,',..
,
, " Th.
;'
""
j,
,,1
'
.
,~~l.
I
'L
'I
Riv,eraDd!tbi.V8~~~.,raiir"a'd~!ti.t'
L~. Angel..
topograph,-ieal barri~to
'.
Other' particularly
'...,
aonta Jlonka,hiU.
~rtailed
slDooth
the e~t1.;
~ ,,'.'
,I
",
floWing
'.. I'
to. ,~.U.:~"".r;
and ~
.. ',
,.
notablei pb.J'8i~,'1 1
:t~."ri~rt,p~' '~",',
e "lmOY~llellt't~
\.
"
<
seriously
northwest.
to hinder
'\,
_:. :',:"
r~ ~t"
the
situation,
in turn,'
eoncentra~.s
directions.
I,
','
"
'
an eapectally:Ma#
It h8s ~rSO
'.
'
,.
'''''!'hi. '
.1; ,
orl ~~~ei.8'
~Jil thedeve1lopm:ent
i;
, :\
flow in these
passag~~ , of 'a1.J,IY~hj,~1.e_
;n'~r~.".,~
'
'fnOl'thwe.t'
I"
eity
~!.laOt'~f
wh1~
',"
j tratflo"
'
I.'"
_r~~ulted -1,11 ~
,I
lli'~"'" '.
' "
"
.\
Table V illustrates
_,
resulting
the preponderance
.1
#;-".
.
ot lIolum~
in. tra:tJ'l~ tlow,,}.
1
'i
J
'"
faetor.!
have affected
,.,
eirClltation
i'
of transportatib~
'.
tran~portat~on
,
.
aU.ch,
development, of thjV
in ~e,
problems.
.:
2! Aval1abi,
street
Sp!ce
I,
t"
.
"
"1
The Factor
,
~"
',' ..
Paloe Verd,es Hlll.-' ~~j aeen~ " i
I'
i.
\'
_.
'
-"./.
15:;'
,51 ' ;Automobile Club lot SoUthern \Palltor1U.~, !R.. clt. ,'~.
!i
.,
impo~,taBt'>:,
li"~
!.'\
-.
"
I
I
. ,I
".;".
\ .
.
,.
.1
,
f
.,
.1'\
'._1 i.
: ~.,et1
.1,j
204,:n~
1Ii
..,'1.
127;640'"
300,551
,I.' .... ~,
,'.
il'
1,
':.
SurveI,
".
J1.os Angeles
"1.
','
,Ii ~
.1
.1
I'
I
i
_~.
J
OJ,
-11
i
\
I
I
I
'1,)
\1 r-: _ .
I
I' ..-
.,Ii,j):,
~-, '~~J1
o
factor which has 'contributed conald.'.rabX,..;
to
failure
to uti-liie
traffic
,6
0
t~ 'trba.bter"
t~(
'
,i,
',,-'
i~' "8t,
r,eet s-p.~I~!,;~t.l'l':~le.,:;
;'
'
available
in the do~to.,.
'
'
ot 8tr~it" .~a.
a,<t '
,\,
el
"
\'
"
lis:
able.
This' re8ults
"
','
'
'
utilized
',i
..
"
s,pace"~it:h: i.taken
"
'.ot1$ure.areav.l'l~
>
movin8 transpo'rtation
,I
:t'r~
I~ is, 1&1-$., ~
' ';
ma,deby tth.
~,
Automoblie
Club of Southern California
.~
!
~e
nUmberof ,.lO,~15cars
[:
parked on the',streets.
53
showed,a total
photogr~'
'.
of, the
., :
traffic,
,-
approximatel,. 436,600
,I ~~'r I.
d1sclosed a total
of whioh'.
'fA~tom~bile
space ll~'
'."1
k.~.
CIUbiOf
Southern cali:fornir'
2R,.
ill.,"
p,. 21.
.~
loading
I_ok
br
bies of
units.
The problem
O'f!develoPi~
" _.'
'.
the ma~
<
"
",
on one street
ferent
l .. \
'
"'.
u~e
"1
.t!."
level,
.'
\'
','
'i,
. ,
1.,'
. ':
',~
"~,
gauges'
or' track.,
buses.
of ~arioua
~lassific.t,~on~
!,'
I'
.
,.'
'. '-. '."
~,::'
'i ..
.'
,~
obstruct
"
,I
the: otller.
,,',
J"
/~
' ,
, '!
,car ,se~ic.
Oh result
~:
"
;I
I"".':.
it utilizes
\,j
, ' lI
,
'
f.]
"
'\, "\:.
,I.
i.r!i.~.n':6.;r~.re
II
..
'I
II
1
i'
~~~~.t;'
b.en' ~;Llowed.
to ham~r,
'
.lr10~a1,Y:th';"';r
'",
t~
,t~."
I'
'II
"
~I
I:
I
'.
is made ~.~
'"'l'
~!
l
\
!
I'
.'
t'
,I
,
I"~,
'j
\
! ,i
'
56
by ,uabrping the . t t.
i'
I'~fl
I'~ "
,J
'.
'I''''
~:t~l~~i~~~'
au~~bn~1
'-
. '-,'
street
~Il: ,~OI\g~~ljt~4'cent~r~fi'
.~,.'
.treet
~t~'.,
:1,
ut~;.tije.#.kl,~~:,,>\~:
an obstacle
vice versa.
portation
, '.
aD4"s:'!'~'~"~A'"
.,
or
p.~.~trl.;~,~,!
r"
i',
~
"
is constantly
hindered
as long u:ino
. gregat1ol1of~
I
'
'.,'~'
.
'I,'
11
'
occurs.
"..
I
I
.
I:
I"
in this
city,
,.1,
ing!
of
.;
, of the intangible,
1",'"
'
t1Jne,Il.lJ specific
-II
'.'
'\ '
",
""
data 1.
1"" ,
"
'I
1-
" ,
~''.'
ion ~Ch
"
t.
!,:""
'I'
,-!
',.'
traflfPortation
I
,
11,'
:
"
,~.,
the victimaot
. I
55
'
'result';:"
",
"
I'
,'
'
not available.
",:'
.e~i~~
etrecta
,"
a rather
s,,"te~. "
~ .. Jt
",:
....,
!'
,,'
<
the dollar
'An'est1mat10nof
I ~.',
. of transportation
.
t'Qili
. ,"
~aff'ic
'.
..'
dally
ties
five
wi th 'a delay,of'
'
'00 an estimated
r-
'I,
i
I
"
'I
congestion
result
'1'-"
~"
'.
,,-
'.,
.~:
JIl1nutes by
',;!
.....
',I,
.
;\
in al~ t~ ,
I,
,I.
,.
..,
"
:, ..
,'.
,:
1
,
','
annually
two thirds
- /
'.
"57'
amoun~s to $15,009,000.
.,
.....
".
:11'"
156
8
.
57
.,.
R9.~,~.
"
. ~
ill.;
.'
p. 1.
. .
' .
;
I
',1
'
''''
"
r '\,,'" .
;.
j.,.
',r'f'
""
'
"'c.'
.
,..
r';~.f'
i.
.'~
t
. Econ'~m1cwast,
important
in, acoru"ider~tlo~
01',. the
~rm~i~eftect'~\'t,:~.!.~O'
congestion
,'W
and inadequate
serious
ill
effeot
..
'",
I'
.'
. "
.'
\ ..
'oGthe-r '
tr~portatlon;r.cI11tle..
....,!.}
~fI.':',..,
lo~~ 1n"pe~~qJ;lal!e~t19,1~
~,..~,
..0
I,
--::1'
.'
'.
.'
'J _
,'~
"'I",
..
from transportation
aocidents.
Tb. ~tatement
!.
&,
m.ade~h.tl
1j
500 col11sions
'i.
"f
aside
(.
_;
",'"
'
injuries
I'
'
..,
Whether thIs
":1' 11
_ J, :';,
1a~gel1Wllber
':...
equipment or to traffic
not stated.
but it
,':
stands
as a slgnI,.ficant
runc~ioning
'
'
"
!.
_.
~j .{
1.
f':'
'
,".'
to 34~288 pe,raonaJ
I
II"
congestion
J,
is in part 'responsible
,
'I
fortheae
I,
,
I
"
, ,
high rigure~1.81
I
58 !Id~m.
\59
Ibid p. 2.
\'
i 01\
~~f
I ", .
;.,
'
'J
.' .
sign otia.rrlc1~nt
in Loa Ange1ea~
, I
resulting'
._~
\
1
'or'
congestion
t
transpOrtation
,.
or, a~Ci~~nt,s
\
'0:"
tak.a.a"
and damage'.,,59,
,1
1".~.
fndp.r.ona,~~t.~,
at
"has,' an average
of
.
'II
.
.1
'.
"
of:automobilereglstration
in'the countryi and the h18he.t de."
,
'
.
'62 I " ..
,.
.
ra,te of any.city in the United States.
i Thua one f'111ds1
" . '. I.
I
"
"
'"
.'
Ir~bl.~.'-,
because oftbe
i
r~
[.
problem' ~
.
'I
adequate transportatiop.
;,
I ','.
'
"
poin tl.
than a walk.
in
'
Congestion i.
Accelerated
population
growth in a short
"
time paralleling
period
:
I
responsible.
Ideal
climatic
condition~
residential
distrIcts
have fostere(i
I.
the unreserved,use
of",
b.en'
'1
largely
'.
in busines8
distrlct~
factors
contr~buting
,inadequate
street
this
space,
assorted
ind1scri,m-nate
types,of
traffic,
.
I
.
'
of
\
I
i
of business
in cen-
tralized
areas',
'
i~:
~.
serlru~
effects
problem,'occasionlng!huge
,
.
I
; 62 is,an Franci.co
rail
line
I.
CroS8~ngll.
I
losses
'.
ill significant.
.
rave resulted
,;
I:'
in accidents,
as .ell
re
\
...... ,'~;
:\
as ,large-seal.
~onomle
loss
and waste",
study
"-'j
of these
will
,\
h..e b.en,maC!l',~to'.
otter- aolutioJ?l_
be sketch~"in
"-
1,The l<lIOat.r.-~.cntant
-
'
~.,
-{'; ,,.
I.
j,
f
i
I
;,
I.
I.
:1
\
,
I.
" I
!>o'
r'~
.' '
pas,t twenty-eight
"I
,~ .
t f
;!~
."
problemsot
:. 4'.1
,~.
-:11
"y
':,
.. ~ , .
. '''C'
.
~~s .~~~8Port~t;1~~'"
"
ot tr4fiO.
j'
'.,'
.,.
"',1
"
"
',"',
v~~Ut~l.~
Th.~
lmor-
ledte neceasaryto
'
otl
. .
the matter~
,t ,.
. '~ "~.
l' ..
to solutions.
,[.
'
.~ld
.~
",
'.,
briQgirig to light
the conflicts
of interests:bound
.
ot .~h1. c~Pter
"','.
'i
'
in' their
SU~~1
' .
or ~.s.~terb ~ i~~~~a:~}~~~
relat1onahipsitG, eh
of""
' . ;; .
e-t "~~8~;'''~,or\'",
in
tedlreport1. It laa
to aria.
,
,
'l'
i',
, B~OnJ. Arnold.T1
,'/
wal UDder,ake. t t~
.~e."lonle~tM
wer.cone~ed
'
1r1tb.'h~
It wasthoft
anticipated
when tne
.
P,
.
,;f
1911.
'!'hI Ot,,.
this railway'.
in-'
\
in the city,
in additIon te '
lteoODl1lendatlonltothis .tteot
'ou't11niDs ,
"
t~
.:
,"1
I
)1
.'
,;"
.,:_.
,"'.,'
'"',
~.,'
{.;,'
\'
"
,"
ea'
l'Vtlr:-
etober;
Jrr..
"1~ut'~.:
BOf.I'd: ,Of 811pe."~;a1:lJ&.Eaig~n~.~. or tbe,CCN'i.fJ"~o,- ,
!OIl"CO. He _s an ellllnent authorlt,. of the da1 abd conduct"
ttud~,a ,In .e~.ral Ilarge ~itie. ~ln01~dl~ Chlea~'l,,'1tJ;8bar8h.
~
S'an P1'U:claco. hoh ot the reap~:ffijlbil1't1 tor,'prepari.g"
1he rfJp~rt hated upon IIr. George ':1. 'D~ri. tli.eii~Deali-ot~",
~!P -.p~J.1:tec~lcInstitute, Paaafiena~and meager ot JIr.
~~~df.
o1'tice.,
I
II~"'I:"
, 't:a-:,*pp-.~.lve
.
.
.'
4_
191~. -
Ra11l!~~
~icipal
~.ssenger Stat10na
','Grade .9rQ~~~pg8 ','
:,
'
141~s.treet
, ,.'Immedl.~e Jiel1etfrom
(City
,
Conge~~t,~o~,
"
" . ", ..
This report,wh,ile
general
",
'at
the situat10'n
~ha~ time,
in nature,
,~,
inc,luq*ng,
and vicinity,
carrlediby
presented
'
<;,J.
tbtfact.ot,
..
~':
-':
t~rr1t,qr1ai;gro1Jth
',0t:'the
local1ra1lway.,
ot, ,
c.us~s
transIt,
Is of partleul:&r
81gnl\flcance
bed4lus/e'
/""
of
t10n probleJil.>Sever~l
were carrIed
c.~tJ",',
the trapapor~a-
'
of the stress'
pl~i~
The report
,
,',
,5
effective
;tU8 suggested
plans.
occurred
'.
"
untfl
..'
'
;"
~he 'year
,
l';-'
"
Railroad
I"
...,
of Ca11forn~~ published
'repor'ton;
~t,r1'Putio~:,O~>pO~'PJ.-
a d1agram of rapid
town distri:ct,.",
'.
,,".J'.
congest~on,
. '-', /
><~
Comm1ss1onot
its ~iapprate
,~,r"
"'.....
'."
>
am,.d,!ta1l;ed
"i
, , :..
'\'
"
",'
f,r
~" , ,; l
Richard s,c~e,
t' .
i ~\. 't
~,<. ~ ~ ~ '~, ~
Commission, included in t~ ~.~::~ a ~:~;t~di';U~~:GnR'
"
":,
'
'InvespigatiGD,
,~-
I;
k~
,,1,
,',
"
Los,#6eles.
\t
toritbe
of t~
s~bj.ctot
rapid
tr~lt
'
as a basis,
ot tacilitating
':
transit
I""
1,
lo
i...
't.'
't,"' ~;
j.(
the
-$
'.
.J
of development.
l'
'
The report,
/:
,:,
ii'"
while bringing
the surface
'
~;
"
pl~s
','
,.
-'.
'suggested
ma~a transpor~atlob,Vla
".
for rapid
';
'He con8idf:t~e.dalao
the -ugSes;,- ....
'-.
"
tlon
'1
. -
!.
_y:s.
and int,erurbanrail,
.
'i"
':
aa a whole, -.d.:::'
~,J}
',i
sUbjeet
,..
.
':1,. '
' .'
,i
li..'"
ot tM report
to the nature
'was incidental
to
of rapid
was otaO
tranait,
~,
1mpo~tant stUdies
resUlting.
.:
ot local tran-.~rt.-
Newfacil~tles
at this
con-
. ~;'
".
'
8
t rover!y.
'It
waenatural
beina lnan
that
apt position
the
to be ,cognizant ot'thedeveleping
.,
in mqtor vehlale
,traff.1c,
-'-'
Proble~
"
:.1
rec0$nized
<
tqlly
.1
"i
,',
'.
' ...
'}.
'
RecoDUllenda
ti6n.
of Itsk1ndln
'
tor Reller.
",,/.,~,,:,"/;.,
,;
>4"
'.
I,"
the position.
!'
7JllrOad
C~88i!g
Wi th
,-
"1,
r'
'
_"
treDd
'_
"
<
'
~.;"
'COmmiaslotlOfcai1forn1~.
RjSQtl
R!\1trO~ are,e ~
1Ul, Terminal laYes'tigatioD'
"
")~i4e,_, pp,.'.109-l18.
-
,W~., Chapter
"','
"""
"
of efforts,
ot Senator
,:"
'
t'"
to proVid . ~
and t9ug~t
of t affic
congestionf~m
.",
of i~s clo e relationshlp\9
,"
'
this
'
,I'"
the traffip
'problem,
it
and
was well
'
.,
mers,
detak'l,ed engi~~e'eri~
.~~'
the
..
~./.:" .
J"';
" -r
"
'
"j.i,
'!:
. ~"
".'
.'\0
,.
_. t
'j
assistants~
..~,. i '\
I;~,~
.t)fj.~.
\.""'
",
I ,w,
'~,t'~,
t,'()tal of fort,.,
. '
"
"
'The report
dealt
/~
the rate
..
otpopUla-
om
tion 'growth
los
Angeles.
of
Comparison
, ! .'
,"
of ntine, other
C?itiesfrom
:'
this
'
as were ,population
j;.;
.~'
car and
truck
.
",
.,.
forecasts
".~
registration
..'
.
"'
i ',. .]
','
date .
data witht~{
\..
given,
"
i~,
:'
...
:'i.'~
J.
:t.,,f.~
'.
'.
II
I.'
trend.
The costa
detail .,
,I."
reconpending
,The
lan.,
,,'
0'
J'"
of an ~laborate
Ange~'lesCity', wlthdetalled
the
10'
j"
'into.iiri
rapidly" rising
"Major S:treet"Pian~'
maps arid char~88hO~~
Xet:p.ods or tinanc1~
'i
i'
'..
',,',
:,-,
for. Los
a dJS1gD of
st~pil' n~ce8,atl~~~
I,
ii,
of 8outhernCalitornla,.
" e'les,Tratfle',Problema,
p. f5 (1922).
.
J'
i6ia ~, '-.' ,
",
A: tomob1leClub
i.~.r; ...,
. ,i.
' , 'f
..
t,
,..
!
,
a pe~ix
!'
I,
I'
to transpo,rtation.
II ..
IN 1:,
, " "
!n;:*' '~~l~'
~~tfV'i'tJ'
in bus transportation.
'I
12. ,;The
,-
! ,
'.,
to the' problem\
was
'
~ecure an intimate
being' handlea
cities,
and their
Upon their
;'
general
ob.erv~tion8
in nature,
~,:'
F~A.tor.~rtz/%G
,.urV~1bfd
a transportatton
;
13'
uniflcation
of transportation
'
'This report,
need tor'rapid,trana1t
8yst~m; sep.rat~onot'ltre.t
.'
car traffic
auxiliaries
and feeders;
a comprehensive;
detaIled
for at least
plan
to
"",
station
take aareof
transportation
ThiB report
made by lelker,
la1d
need.
tht;basla,
,De ,Leuw
'yea!.
. ,..'
,'J,
I',
'
,;> .'
V'.de, pp~ 3l.i.41. ". unique feat-ttre of this report. was the?ua; .
ot ,aer1al ph6tography,to rev~al \ the parking altuat.io~ a~ w.ll,
as other lnteres ting. phases of traffic.
I See op1nion~ or IUl,ler
McClintook, st~et
Traffi,c Contrl,
(1925). ,P. 20.' r
z!';',
.,
12 , Infra i Chapter I)l.'
was approved by t:t:LeBoa~d,~" pa~l$.d Qn ;to the,
13 Thlsreport
Lo~ Ang,les "OltYCoUnCilwitllt~~
'.,~ecJo~~nid"t10rL'thait d'e~ailed"
..plms ~o~ rapl,d transit
be u~.rtaken,
at; once .. ' "\
.
. '~\ ":
the" followlng
'"l-.l
traffic;
a cent~al
,.'
t'
fromuDt,or vehicular
p~o;-'
aDd
')~.
lines;
'
pr.Obl'~m. ot'tr~tflc
,,'
4.
..tr~aUr'
"
Chi~f'Erigineer,
return;
"
'commi".10ft.r~'"
thefr
'
,.i'
hac}'d1~p~toh.d
I
upon their
1n other
tra~8portation.
1
1.
'"
I
I
'
~'.'
'.v.nt"~tiJdn8:,
,BOard'kr,P6.bl1e '~tttliltl.~
~.
!
I,'
'
'
There' were!&pbrtaift
.'
'.
~-lb
Proposal.,
place
'1
~l,
f streetl
re1atlve
'
"
!
II
,.
':
\,
i,
became cone.med
-
~~;Le~ ~R'11~.1~;C,G~~1'~~~~
'"
about its
'
a:1.tuation,
plac.
in the local
transportiatlon,"
. ,,'
~,
'.
~o make a s~d'1
for
their
.
written
'
cOD),p&nI.,~~
"
'.'
..,"
"
~ve1,
..
-r ~.
"'.';
f.'A
''''-.
'.',
.. , ,"
;.'" '
me&1l"~tor, th.,'
,
comp~,. to protect
itself
f~om ~licroachmetlt.'by
oth,r
.:.
tl'Rn,sportation,
of
tracedpopulatlon
of automobiles
"i'-I',
with passengers
car.ri.d,by',the
>j1. : .
Finding
this
unfavorable,
congestion
"
'
Of
<.
to.
'/t-,.
,"
t~.~f~
it "str,a.aed".
-,~
"
'i':'
Angelea Railway.
rate'
4..,','"
mQd
~,"
of increa,s'.
wit~t~.
",
of an ,out-o~~tbe"'~\,~Ik~.~.;,.:!
,'
~'.
engineer
,'-
.:/
'
"
'
~,
'.~~:
of p~rking
privileges
'
,It' suggest~
/
'
.'.
the
:"r
:{
idea
of staggering
hours for
,bu;sin
concerns
as an aid to relief
of conge~tio~;
.a'li!
.t!
requiring
all
motor vehicular
. '""
The report
alert
'to atay
.....
'.'~'
car ~racka,;e ,
'I
..
off
."
aho~ed ~t
!
for
traffic
OJ;
their
' 15
gained momentum:e
inter~sta',as'
~IJ
tlle \d~~'
'
'" '
\
~de
~p t9tha~
of the,Citr
study of traffic
~heT~rle,~o~.siO~
J'
prominent
pusiness
.
.'
"",
i,
to institute
Thl(-orgmizat1oill'O!',
known.planning.' engineers,
difficul-
a su~&J
~~,pl~~
","'"
traffic
system, f.or t~
met:Jopolitan
a~ea.
15
, '
"
1,
;.'"'
Tli. rea\itk
,i
,I
,~
'
'."
of threenat#.onal1;r:
'
,
,"
it!
of
&
'~,
''<i.4'~,.i.'I'I'
tn.~r
,I
'-,'
,it
,Joe R. Ong",Traffic
su~e
!2:! the'rLos;,~_e~.es,'RaU~i'._
-::
~o,ra~iOIl
.11~30e
s e a180, paper prrf.~t;edto
)', ,~;, '111i""or,~i~eripsn ~c,ric
~ai1,,"''1 Apsoc~.a'ti(G~1st. _~u~.,
~,~Il '4',~192., by' jGeor e' Baker Andersop., ~ag~r
of " ~,":d ".
~portation',
Los Angeles R81lway corpbrati'oll,
tor,
. p'OlJ'! tlon
of tha t~ompariy
1
!ila'~.r",,:
'm~
"
I.
::'"
,I
investigation
!!.2.!. AnSele.
~t6
The repprt
consestionby
'
Traff1e,8'tre,etPl'rlor,
---,~
,:.
to: e~8t1ng
"
set' forth'in:
str t ~,
road fae'illi;l
already
pre~
'j
CODm1ission
of the' City am Cou.nty ot Loa, ' '
r
Angeles,
the engineers
well-balanced
study,
$'1-
attempted
congestion
legal
'anp administrative
improving streets.
procedure
~n opening,
The nMajor~treet
widening,
and,
thirty-flv.traffic
'!,
19
to make the plan effective.
'
17
18
and Cheney, ll J
i
.s!!.,
I
p.,:'1. ,~,'
J'"
Ibid.,
pp.''i1-19.
The material 011 .cause of traffIc
gest,ion iamore c,?mplete than that in other stUdies.
.;
C0n-
".
~:\2';';); If'} \
\
',':
I'
I'
. 'Tl!e-Fiaera
of;the, ~~""J~or!~.
1& char$eJ
fe~.tl,":":j;1
1a'9~.a.,
J.
pf
I'
progrrss,
'.
!,
-.,;'
"'.,'
such as:
v,hiOl~
and traffic
in for"a~~s
,solut10n8:~
;~.'
The Kelker De ~.
~and in-hand
with proposals
study
which '
ek
free! tr~ffic
pediting
the
planning
, .
of mass transportation
.
,4
go proposals
by other
means.
blem.
2,0
1
into
balance
This report
Angeles Traffic
for
'
Conaequ~ntly,
to bring
cir: -~;t
,.
, I
these
different
approaches
~-,
fol:l.owed suggestions'
'J
to the ~ro-
by the Pub1ic'Utili,/
ties
BOard.
app~oved an appropria,4
~'
~i~~
Transit Plan for the ~iM" iUid
, . ) '.l'hti.8 eng1neer8"1ia
evmd
I
'.
'
toa
up.
'" i
;
\
,
I'
,
'
\.
I I,
'i
"
, I
"
,I>
"11
I'
':.
I.,
startedl
';1~ ~i
~i,
i'
'j
I,
\.,
"
..
for "transportation
..'.'
;:-.\ .""
",-..
"
'.'
or 3,000,000 people.- 22
I
city
.
I
t :
.. r
fJ,..'".~,
'.
0#0'
'.
~~
~~.
'.,
".,
'.
',.'
i ,
""
,,j
entire' metropolitan
di~trict_
1-
,.
.:'
.'
Exlst~ng transportation
facilit1es
'
were investigated'''Iand qomparisons made,-w1th
transportation
I
8yil-
author.
'!'be
then emphasized ~e
.j
'/
tions!stem,
. !
.;
"
";
. .
_.
'
construction was.et
:.
- ;.':
23
'.'
-'.
.
II
!
..L
IC~lIa.r, De ~.
most 1ignitioant
nUilbelof
prope'al
relating
w1deS'~r~ad recODlD:"ndat:onaf~it
Shor~ly,--atter
to' traa~por~a1;1.entor
sarlctlon,
was f'iled,
'. :,"
and to lta
eng~ndered 00na14erabl.
the report
dl.0\1~~1
'
the Jie"Q'lt1
.~fect,
To meat this
vario~
repres'entativea
iI'
regulaf10n
Qrdinances,
featuring
a rapidtranai't:
requirement
a committee consistiBg
was appointed
to cO-Grdlnat.
I.
of a rapid
,,!
Q4
,~
unit
depariinents. 25:~r.
,)
~ere,
1 .
Cit,.+ich
_j.
.
of the propo.ed',.ys~ __
Dl
being prepared
t
I'
ot
'tr,.t'~~o
, Plans ~n detail
however, certain
:'
w,re'defini~ely'oPPo8ed
'!
factions
to the proposal
of. 1{elk,r,
'
~~f
'
in preventins,
:
i
in
also a factor
actionL
-'''~'
'
,',
system.
OWingto i t8 offic,tal
yearl.,
alid d~ate.
the subject
S~ll
way,.w1l,en t,
Les Angel City <~hubrendttredareport
i
1
.- to its f members'as of Japuary 15th" on the. ~estione
of trat.fio
&
, ,i
"
'
Q~l,~:
'Meers
app~int~dl tic the cODlni
ttee wer" from the
~ouncli, ,
stte
Railroad CODmheslon,Lo.Angeles. aDd Paoific Bl.ctJlio
1\&1l1a"8, aoo'the. r,ps Angeles Traffic 90mmi.sion., See "
otric RaIlway Jo~rnalf -The Bewejof "I!ldu8t~, n, V~l.: 66"
N~OI".
Oetober 17'i 1925J. p. 711.
! .
.
'
,
25 1d'.,
!:
24
26
~ ea, Vol 8, o.
,\
"Rap1,dTran8~t-'issue~
tn Lee .
.),
i
t'
~d
me
nspotatatloll.
abl~ to construot
un:t~l ,rlS~lng
"
a: rapi~
tra~elt"eY,~~e.\1bLO~
'
obta1max1Dlt1D1 ef,f1clericy
were oo-ord1nat.~
'-
forthea.
effect
1~ e~n~
~
~d
',1,.
f1m.prOYedt_o ~I,~,
' - !
",..
, '1~
'
for atraat
i .. ,
Ma.i'~~,.:' :..'
,
~f atreata
at"
Spec11flb.,recomm.Dda,t~d,n ~.
, t6'~_.
faoil1t1ies
! '
'"
glst"of
l'i,p, .
4.. .
. t1m1nglof ~raff1e a1gnala, and othar idaa. ;;1 11 "OU~'be -.put I'
h>to 0fara1ion wi th little,
Dlu'inJ the next ~ar
j
additional
t ~~. \
cost,.
"
in~ere8ted
were ~~re~sed,
';
....
;':f
meeti~
l.
~eetlng.
Iii.
Lo~ ~~les
CO$m1
ttee
19fI O) ~.
their
vleW8pon
differ
repreIJertt
there
was severe
tJaneit
i
criticla
to thQ8~
the.'. IlUbj'ect.~(1
of. improve";'
as develeped
and condemnation,
by the Ielker,Der
II
.' ,
.. , '
City C~iub, Bulletin
(Supplemnt),"RePort
of
on Traff1ic and Transportation,
(JalllUll"'J'15,
I'""
"
i'
.. ,
~~
".~'
'"
'
Bofrd~r
crtT Pla~ing Commissioners,
Ralid ~ranalt ~est,ion
(January 21,119
Ba er, pI!ODllne~l~cal e~~8erand
lPrea
Be I'd at City Pl~ing.,Co~ssioner8,
18
be ng respqnslble
.tor these two 'conferen
,
rtunity
.i
28
an op
was entirely.
of rapid
I,
:
i.
Led)by various
~of tbe\ideal
'.
27
The s~J'~coD:";'
the' fitst
.'
28'
".
of, this
of giving
t~expre8s
i,
"The . t~e
papers
I
1'l.
ot
,.
..
and
a r~pid Itransit
que.tion.,
. personr
,~f
'".
jt
i'
1;:
I
Leuw. lan.2\L
"howe the
' '
Thfil ll8+ngwaa
[un
1'orce
to
cprrent ~.. :
i~
!!he ~Op.t~~,PA~: .
progr,~.1
t'l~ei~,~
tile U~~
'
"
. , -1
qplu..l-.!
"-,
. a nee~\:::>in
Los Angeles tor Qsystem that-1'.,~ldl ex~~.~( b~~r1
t; 1~:1'1:/
i
.
i
:
.
\!.
. .'.d
."l i
local land interurban traf'f'lc 1~ the central, bua1D'ea.1(4~s.trldt~..
.
.'
;.
'..
'.
'1
't-0ne s~ecific.r~sult.
of i these two conterence. ,waa.to .,t~.rt ,a
.
I
"':
'movemept "to bl-1ng aboUt a comprehensive up-te-dat.e 'f~~l4.Cl
I
trans~tsurve1
to b.~de
ti ve elitizens'
bo
tione"\
'conmlttee
.:
".
Tratfic
.Aasoei.:
I
1~3-L937
...,........-
.~
\!1
'
Association
of
C:em.1;ftl
PubliC' ~roveinent.,
"
Bus1ne~s District
./
Recent
Proppsala,
I!
I,.
...
\'
'1
tor
of a repre.ent;a-
.!
.
i
t,
"'.'
':
';8 t~~t
30
31
99.
.'
Do ld Baker,ARa~ld
and' Transportat1on,
,I
Transit
Tw:eDtll-.tlrat
.
System ~
Loa Angeles
(N v. 15, 1933T
i
'
Ii'
Th CeI),tral' Busines,s District
AS8oqlSi!ion 1s ,an orgulzati n to toster the linterests
of do~td,wn~buaine.a n " .
a
the membership :contained n~es of ;leading realto~8,
b ke~8, andimerc~ts.
'
I
'/"i":':~,','<~'"
,'i \
,"
"\!
\The
1n v~.w
"r...
I;>'
-tt;
,'l~till!t
latter
'j
,rh~ repor~,'dtd
tleldl
studi.,
ni,t man
I"
a. n , approach
tne+elves
",
alrear1
orlg~nal
.:'
prrb;a.
to,the
~"":iIil
upa.
d~~gr:&DI8
and
'
uterfal
I"
ot ~he ,probl"l1P
to dat ~\ ~
perta,1nedto:
. \ .'p'
,!,'
',/'
t~18 da~.'i\"",'
,"I"<
~,
:S3
gathered_tOg~ther
!
','
~epjldtture
I'
t.~t.~. ~
I,
colle.cted.
so aslto bring
".
'
"
"Pi'
.' I' ,
,,',
,~,
were ~de
, I '~
purpo~e
line
I,' ,
.:
I'
funds :were:not
'
I ,~ , ...
". '
8ys~em.
'of
~~f
;-
,'.,
,t~ ,
,proPOSEJq.
~our-: (,
"
unit
,,,'.:.
Gover~ei'1ttor,
I .
, '
the first
ett~rt8
','
construc~~
~~1
,
-,;
to 8ecure ~8
I
j'"
~ap1d ~ransit
,.,
.;,
ti:le pUblication
'"<,,
,,'<,:,
,Followihg
'.,
in Chrrge ava1le~
'gr .t.
or"by PIjeparlng
~~
&Dd~
obtained.
'-1
','1
i
t
;.,1
.1
a t~:~e~~e ~der
it.,
p. l~ Tbeloan
e National: Ind~'tria
Recove.,.~~et at:
I
""
i'
'. !
a'Il~ft."
Ansel.. ~d'
purpo..
'O'a....:d.: w~ th the
to' c1 y author1t1'es.
~',
Ii'
'.,
/
,~'I,
I
one illu8~rati<?ns
r1ou8 dat~. '
i
~:
its
....
to t~
study relatlv~
llailr.ad
(1933);the .C,lllpmJ..
.
npub11shed
st"l~.,
..
C, '.
."
I"
J.n4~" "tA>
'carri~r~:
local
Railw~y Com~y,
and th~fr
"
\"
'
PV.bltC"!1i,~spo~~~t':'"
th~.pa011'1e'I"~L
Elect~io
,joint
"I,
two r~ll
8atio4
lines':,I~
by
order
was macirto
to compellbet;ter
tran8~ortatlon?requlrements
servlqe
~ext
attempt
'
w!1.th a different
!,
'>J
i,!
!;",
owned~d
<}
operated
apprOach.
motdr'coach
The
a municlpall,--
j,
'''','
diff~~lties
"
,.
~o 801v~ ~he,transportation
transportation
car~lers.
34:
from these
Th."i~V8~:ti-~
could\ be made.
:':; ,.'
.e,,
of th'etwo.,cOJll..
'i
'
Sigril~icant
service.
"
the c ~lzens
'.
apositioi:l~,
of lmp~rtancea~'
, ,i
'
certai~
";
andT~ansportation
was' requested
I,
to _~e~,a"11ur-
'i
or-'
desirability
of a city-wide;';
.'
i
!
"
-,
..
I'
, ,
of 'C~l1f'ornia",.pQrt
on the, Lee.l
n Requirements OfI!08 IiigiIia ,.'
i8 report 'was' eittif8I"T'~a technical,
e8ent;operationlan~
'e.l:P-Rent>to<
justified/in
it. , .~Dlplaint~:
::""
I
,
35
r.,
Chapter' IV.
I,
'f ",~.
\;,
I",
"1t~'-1
'
I,
.'/ ~'le
<pallr-o~ed
, ,,:56.
of Lo
'
on' Apr
the
is bUdy,
I.
1 30, 1935, \ a
of fa ts str~oundlngt
~kln
""
"1S
of
Ie;ti
factorr
I
I
area,
typ~::
,'.
.'
rOPOg~~rhY',
..
Cl1mite,
conclubing~t~rlal
I
., . '.
.,'.
I .,
urne(~rnext'i.t'o"t~e.l
.,'
problem,
"
aIrl.'present
traft
, :38
i.,
~"
.'
'.
, ..
c prO~lem, roll~-
transportatIon
tacl1ttles.
deJlS
with an exhaustIve
I
.'.,
auch"as popula~ion,
The
ls
:su ~ ~ "sy~ti~1ll;\~7<fii
peculiar
e:ht:t:1'
. of ap~lica~,i.~~ .otthea1
the ga~~line
cc~i-efUlf s,tiiay' ~.
" establ~~hment~t'
ei~
;ln;~
'.
Ang11es.
BOa'rd publlshe~
'Dibt~i
r-odRc~'a st
and fPerated
e Mun,.clp~J :8i1aj,
'
..
.. )
, I
......,
Afothei,.:~~up
whoae l1ntl~~t
in attem~tlng
aolutl'ona'aDd:
At th
I
beginning
ffic
of t~
year
19~,:
this
C_~,
,on tor
Chief En81neer~
reliable
',.
atatlati~a
I
pertaip.ing
The
I
8ur"'e,.
' .
. 'I"
'
'.
';'~
(.
~t:
't
-'
~-,.
.
.:.j
"
."
.,
""A,
":t'.l.:
fr
".
'.
of the city
streete
39
hlghwar
carriep
of tr~1fic
This traffic
actiVity
a~
were wrttten
.
"
un1'!~
'
~~
~r~gnli
survey
. \ 40
...-
warw1tne8se~
i~ ~ev,er.~l,
were forthcoming'.
pamphlets
~bli8hed
which
.;
Severa~ papers
lurver
. direc;t;ions
fort, a
to an even: J1oreinten8~ve
Ifr1ng'l935;
},1.
'1'
I
question
I
be.fore
the .public,
.... ,. '
I
while
stremOU8
,
'
effort,s
were being mad~
to secure funds from tn.e." Federal -'Govern."
'.
:. .
, I'
,;
I
ment for anew, pompre~enslve8urvey
of th~ transportation
proi
blem. ~l
. Tpe
stlldles
'
RegiOna~ Plan1ing
CO~~SSion 1nst~tuted
~other~r~-
fie
stated::
'I
'!
h~a
lette~
1
of tran~mi~talto
I
,,;'
f 'Los :'
the Commission
"i
;,
ern!,.
..' ..-;.-
39
Rei ional
Su ve
it~.1
ion..
:;e8~
-----~
le)~oG:il!8t~~x
~
Rfiiti\i0l]'
- - ,- ---I
oi-
lrTt.lllda
~ehl
J~:'
"-Ii."
da ta
~.d
I "
o~. ~ga~.r.(t
~hJw."
the'! avera!ed~1J:Y .Ioa,d o~ i"tr~e ';,. ;Dd t~';:i.
"lit
I
I
'
i
I'
the .C~ty
a~!
\
,,:
. I,
by a ~erlesi ot vt:iuabl
.
.-\
"dla 'x'-Uul.
ta~le8, '-maps~
1'" ~/,"
,'I
of
~.
1',
Bo:~:~~/." hoe
.\ ..
~:~""
TJi;,., ,
data Which~a8;e8.8erlt1a.l
..
jl . , .. ',. .
\,
\.,
; ~et
pUb1i~ed b~ 'th'e!Edsinering
~
'r
of S~thern
sored
\br
II ,!,. i
. '"
.
" "\
with f the p~ob1em1e.J'gely from
j'.,
tra~f~ ,and'
ae~toat'
II
ot
the study
,
.-
the aspect
'. \ '.
as. a conse'.
"
shou1d!deal
,iIiihw~'
significance
recomni,ematlons it '!co~tai~.d. ~3
I'
D~pa'rtment'ot,l't
'I,
the automoblte.
or
'
mota
pro~l_ .thro
The Roads
ad
the cijtyhad:
1..
'
I),
",
{,
.'
<'
','
r es ~a~of
the Reglona~ P ann1PgCommi~&1eD
au erv1sed b th th~8ahd the' orls~l
8~rve,..., The"W. P. k..
,pz. v1ded $31,000, f r 1s.l:>orcos,~8'.: ~ I
.
,
43.
lInfra~
: ,'l',',"((
"
yhapt
'.,t~.
,,~.
\'iJ '
t ,V.
l~i
\./
wn Ull~i.
tile \automobi~e> etC/i,' ,~~ele"r~e
r4on has sh ped it, growth ~o the extent that bUI iDesl,
8oeial1t~o
the area is, to?~1 ~t.llJ
dep.~4!nt upon
t e motor v hiele
or t~ major par.t ot itl itr~sPQrt.tieD;
It' s tre eta
hi
ay eonges tion eal,t1nuel 'tiQ inc~ea8.,
t~e day is
at tar distant when ;the'a~to.mobll.w111
in',
m$ny parts qr the rea ,have lost it. u!sefulnela.-t4"
.
'tork11lg
mentltns
f~m this
the ne~~
natural.
vlewpqlnt
of La~ Angelts
, the 1Vre
IIletr~pol1 tar
probl1~
OUt100k,a~ a basis,
City,
area.
The material
important
factors.
.1
5 Prese~t; transfortatlon
sketer{ed.
,',
was p~otted
accld~nts"
the
was given,
land 1II.a
rf t~area
were \ .
tht populat'!on
I
'
JT~_J?~berlof
-I
G,r0
'
co~tributing.
I
'
I
I
as tar
,
b the~'traffio
of
growtp.
'
I,'
motor, vehielejs,
wasb'r.ought! out,
1mpor~ant ~acto,'
4.
outllnep
haI'lll11 effeoh
heart
'It:
46
as 19~O.
faeili~~e.s
of
the' .ur !
p~~em,
ot
and one
ita
'-
'
,tip
The"
- \
i~
45 ' ~e
~6
QmoJi1e dlUb of iSouth~rn balifornia~
~, - E8~ima~e of~opu~a ~ion at that Pir~Od
\
'
cit.,
'p.9.
+8 ,sm5';<?Oo.
,
perio
,1936
c flow
'
47
of pe. king..
'f'
...\,
e second. part
,I
[.;
Cl b sets
~!'har
1,mP9,,;~t
. \.
,.
.fo1h.
~e7
~Te de~E}toped,~.n..,. ,
atre .~ IYltem,:l.bUlee,
' ,. '. . ..
" ' ,
.'
~he':Auto~~lle
thoroJgh
I
.to~lle
!.
~\.
""',
ca~e~lt7:
ol,arly
,I
~~9:.
compared r~th
that
'9Ua'
,o;fllla ;rl0~ta~~!~~
d street'tars
~re a1
of 'he
e~s1dered.
8 ."
'
.,
\!
.~.
Auto111e
l'
the
\~ :,!
r;.
l,.
since
'I
I.
C1u!:!des1re
prese~ts
public~t7
11
I'
ventJ,.r~ regardlesa
"
study
...
and
ot ita a:cce~tano.
the. series
\'
of three
current proposals'
..'
47
As in
ri~t~r,m+n~.
I.
pp .
<i~-36;
49 . Se~ 'series
f six
~,
Sect on II,
I
"
nfra,
cnfPter
)
."!
V ~:\
.
aily
-.';.,
,. ,\
I,
! .
1. th~jUfdlc!t'~on'of ~'.o11e';f~,*~
;
1s\
I
i,.
Los'
eres.
~1s repbrt,
'J
tor ~hloli'
ii'
'
'.
j
' .
llI'ty ~f,
~,t"at '~~'.,.D'O~'e"f~OM.~a:t~~.':,'
,1
'
..,.
:,:t::::::!:~~l:::'aW:e:e::::~!~~:l;:d~Zl;:,
'.
t~lY
give
~.a.~it:U;re
or
cent~al T::.aJr~cD1~t:ict"t;?~~.t1:~n'
,i
I~ .
'.
' ",
was t~
'11
t,lrst
or'gal\lzat1~n.
;.
1
.' .'
'.
.,"
"
1
wedt
,he inve~t'1gationl tOl1o..
usu~llpa:t~rn ,~.r~.~rse,ntl~
.-
~.
",
-, j
C-,
",'.,
'0
l'~
,.
~~~"
~~~~tratl~B,
aM,;twu.l' .
,I
I
.j
.,'
" "
"'.
"
of:, oba;a'cii~s~o
'
,
.,
...
.'
:;o::re:::-:::e!:::::e~o::::t:::.P:::::::a~::d~::e:n:fU:::;:~::
'ftc1e+tUt1l1la,lon'ofl.treet:.~aee.It thenproee~ to a'
cOnge~t10n due ~o rout~ng ot buses and. atreet9arsi
numbe ot re~?,endatlrns
acco
and proposals
and 1net-
The~e, if accepted, ;;
tra~f1cJlroblemlfor..thenext ,.ear.r
25
52
reau I ot~t~eet
T~~,ttiC En~ineering,"T~~ttiC SurTeI
ntral :Qlstriet,
1 (1~38).'.,'
".j'
p ..
51
2! lli
'i'
<
'
~.
ill., p. 11.
6~ ,.
i
I
There twas nOth1n. 8peCfaC~lar aba:'t the nature
ot:..~
reCO,8mat1ons
utilitarian
.,: Th8Y~i
appearedt,o be' entIrely
~rd
were considered
a logi
al step, forward' until ' such a ,time as the
i
'
Ub11
p
<louldgahl awter
:::
",t the ,P~bl '
"
,~ ,
fI
i./.
".
Ii.
'
Or" '
have comefrOm'~a'
,/
':
Public
the s~tuation
'cated\not'
/0'
'I
!'
I
I
'1 '
I
I
I
'
1 '
I
I
I
I
\
I'
~
'\
,
,-II
1.~~_ 1~"r~~:";
:.
~")
, I, ,
',I
.! '
I
','
\',;'
\
"
~'
,I
,I'
"
'\
problem.
'"
""I,'
'1'I
;1",
I.
I,I ,~
1,-,
'\
~ALYSlSi
"'\
!W't~ERIII
,
ICH
to f~d
tran8~ort~t~on
propo+alS;
'!
a SariSf,
~here ~s
~r
,,_'!~
'.'
,~:
t"
L'
~tl
in4"::~:Ang~~e.~
tf
to~,Y solution
o;t
the p:rObl~Dl
a wtde variety
o~
0":".
natur~.,
There lla ~e be~n' of her. , oA
e , I which haV~,'
I,
,,'
I
I
a~temrted :solutior).s ttQ~
th'. rear,rangiemeits of ~x18;ting
!'
fa~illtie~
of t~anaporfatibn
finan?ial,burde~s,mig~~
the eh'~t~ng
tion
that
!
~heir
pla;vr
'I
the su ject
d~y sit
1,
!
scene.
a natural
'
growth of
I,
their
stion
this
,I
exclus~ve domina-,'
'
investigation
+ervice
of the.f'~c~
as regards
tr~nsportation.
In the light
o',f
Pu lie
J
of the
at'- on~
i
<
utilities
found it
necessary'
,~i
to 106 GDn,Iid. t
no '
the domln~t
I.'
fut in sFite
I
been threaten1d
stdy,~d
Of
!
,
hel.Gcal'ard
"
~:rbita~t,
ma~or;role.
time
be
maintain
measu~es to imp
pre8e~t
very ex1ate~ce,ra
they .re
I';
mean~lor trans~trtatiol.
ci ti'ef,i .,
~reaent
that
that
me~ns of ~ran~por:tation
Electrlcls'~rfac~
~n' order
be avoided;
'
I
\
atrert
f10m
cars
disttict,
~01n!g
r 12 miles
an hour
dtat'ric.t';
this \.so that. ~~e tre1et c~rs ehould not Jave' ~;.hl~e~';',~t~i
1','
of skeed thanlother
...,:.
V~hic~es.l
be .miI1nta1ned.! there
part
~oU14 be cons1derable
"
\'
I.
::'''t
,,'r'
I
conducted'hav'e
'
to sore
extentt
.!
taclihies.
-".,
concetned
a~tho~
.a.,.-
ephasis
".l
;'
i~8eyeral
I,
'I
the~elle~.s.~
~avJ "lso
recommend\at~.ons,.$nd proposals
'.
Icompany. \
.
I'
:1'
tO. \ .
,I,
of Public
Utilities'
'
Commission,
aSl the'
and outside
group~
to the
of t~ese
~oncer ed With'~Cha~i~al
May2l.,;t9
Board
Naftul'e OfjPrOPosalS
The natu~e
-r,C;. 'Angeles
agencies:theqst.ater
"
, I
1.
'
and T ansportayon:T~re
local
' .
or 'elevated
of the probie~
bee~ ~mostlnt1mah1:r'
and ~nve8tl-
major prOposals
been upon!eithersub-surtace
w1thithe.problemthrough
comp4ies
aspect
of,the
TIjle"~8nC,1es f>lch,hav~
time,
"
.Burveya, ,reports,
, ..'
I"
been made'tor
'i
Railr,
hne
'
gatiobe
the
br propo.als.
Sourc~s
about; surfac'e
sourc\es.
~at1ataot~el!i"':"",the
brin~1ng
~~ee~"~~~~
1' patronr
10
Tod,ay, i/'.UCh
roposals
has been,
in the main, ,
.'
\'
\
\'
,I
'
of
(New Series),
xi- t
+0
I
aurfo.o~i~ao111Itl.a.l the DlOd.rnl~~~l
o~ ~~ .":;1'0.0.
maximum~ffiCie~CY Ji~t
I
I'
i
.
I'
equipm~nt. 'It was natural t~at
b. tha~ of th.l~Oal
to' secur~
pO'rtat~on,
I
in the otrer
tton.
as
arisenl
field
iI reas
hasi!
of local.
'
.1~wA"1
car trans-.
"
D1Q S
whenever an
indllviduajl or special ,
,
,I;
should
a b.e~
ofsU;fa~e
I,
.".
"J"
".
.i
.J
the
1n tbe
Opposi tio~
be o~t~ineld'
and d1~f1cult
I '
tro.f1'1Ir.gulatlon.
has frequently'
.'
I..
,'
\.
gro p considered'
that
!!
(_
their
Or
:!
.,':"'.:'
I.,
e f fee t 1v e ~
j!
;.
I,"
,E$.rlI Rdcornm~ndationaMechanical
I
\ Rea ra ements
!
!
E~forts't~
directed
to
the se~ere
I
traffic
i
the
.
1
.'
..,'.
rapidly
'conJestion
. '
inferel!tof
of Main street.
!~UbliC r~flCialS
was. fOC:US~do~t~~s.
area
speCific
offlolal
cars
wlre
~he'Pa' ific
looal
r",
and
'
Elec~ric'Hal
raok_.
cars
in" his.
of -
A1: a mea -
01'\temporal''' relief
he
ausee.tad
I
,
the usr
of San prro
sidere~
thIs
s~reet.lror
solution
. !
was "tessed
He eon-
'j
:'
on .leverat ot~r
.2
Interur.b,an:: cars.
am
aga.in
Lleut-
enant,IJ.L.
,
Butler.
The
lJtte:r
I!
stated
that
there
.tfcouldbe
other
I'
!street.
~ ,,4
OJ
I,
II
,I
~is
proposal
waslwel~ received
'.
to relieve
I
,Stree-c.
of ob~eotio~.and
a franchise
cOIi~tion on Main
,i~ this
'
three,rall
th~t
Ii:
because
Property
1'1
regaref lariglishe~
for
the ~ong~sted.traffiC
However,. acti?n
,
Electrio
i"
by the Pacific
the franchise!,
tine.
when granted,
',,'
rt
s
of the city
be for.,a
of the's treet
r
I
ii',
'
Bl~ J.lrnOldJ,
TheiTran~portatlpn
P,roblem of LaS.,lngel:es,
Inf1ra, cJ\1apte~ tV"fqr dl~cussion pertalnin
to sub-surr.ce
_
reclommeIl1atlo~s
~r. A~O~.
.!
,.
'J
?!
Gee.
lrge Ai De.m.$, "R~pld Transit,"
XXXjIX(M,rch,!1912) ~ p. 363.'
I,
fut~r,
I
~.
'I
Elect1lic
::
,;
\.
Ral1waiJournal,
and
to 1 cal trans~ortatibn.
JaB
the ~ranc~ise
'I'
overjthe
IIuniclr.,l
'i
Electric
the placing
serVice' beginning
'1
of this
"
'line
in 2utryIc(,"diverted'
r
I!
t,
I,
tooper~te
i'"
112 ~rains
i!
for 'relietlng
.
7 "
to a great
extent
the congestion
concuirred in byj'Pther
!
i students
that
cars
angles.
He showed
fifty
In fact~
trJnsportation
he ,believe~
that
the slowing
to
tlie s<t8t~m.8,
I
;
~.
was
I1ne!as
.
"
across
'district
'1
to avpid all
,per cent
dlrectly
This rroposal,
krid
tion
on
!",'
Main ~treet.
;,
ii'
! A second! impor~ant proposal
a str~et
and was
'1,
respqnsible'
I
i. as
tane-e
"Ne"'a
of Electric
Ral~wayai"
xxx~x (19l~) _! p. 365~
'[
rnal,
.
Electt'ic'
_'
"
B Ar oJ.d, ~.
~it., p.
i:
I:
,I
9.\[
- :i
<
~i'
II
...
,Railwa '
, I
\,
and'Transp~~t~ti~~,
O~lnanee,1 iN<:>. 26,
PacifIc !le,ctrle
franohise'. ,:
'j'
,
enant
:' I
J.~.
i "
r,
9f
"
I.
<
1,
th~' Polic.,
, ;'
5rT
"
~'
in ~ report
i
,',II, . k
,'"
Department,
t,'1t "
. j,
J:
0'
I,
In ,l~l5'i':
repo~t
was drafted
the tranapo~ta~1.on
bY!.the chief
engl~ierof
~:
~~d_in
~t was hop~d
was out~~ned.
:
.,",..
iaauef
for
'
an orderto
s tlng
to s
ee1;ablishe~,
'
'.
"
I
~I
'
mfnner.
f
"
I'
Ii'
,I
10
I
"
"
in a ~aiti~factOry
did
,.
stree'Ps,
order
TheP1~.
I'
d:iscon-'
'
"
in the. down-
'
Ten e
I.
~ of the car rou~ing/Plan
town ~istrict.
of r-ubl1c Utilities
i
ajcomple~e
reviai
line
,that\ this
BO
~
rd of ~~,liC ut llti~S
u~l He ot (191 ),
pre
'and' Transbortation,
128-130.
"
Seventh
on tr~ffic
l.
_,
howeve~'l.a'~~ort,
of
Depar ment
outs
Utillt1'ea
in}.
,I
i'
,~
i",.
de curvesiwas
J.'
time l:te+~.
c nditions
il
of c ngea t :on'
5,!,
~treet
and'
.~~,~c~n-' .
gest'i1on.
,
reli1f
l1ri~
to r~rou~~ its
cars
to C~~fOr.mwith
.,powever,I
. I
pl~ri'!of reroutipg
..
byt~e
.The objections'
that~the
I'eroutjtng
..
Assd,ciation,
forth
,
,who ma1ntain:ed
'
'weres~t
'.!
~nd,th~
1'-
postponed.l~
I'.'
, i
thei.
that
'...i
transactions
of
tr~,portation
tion'.j
;':1
Waoo~ered
8ie-~ed themos~
to t+
11
'
Railr~d
locallcotpany
~he plan
tas
el1minated,.~ny
p. I p
The cost
curves
I'
<I
l'
and. pr()~.
of this' pro~~
Pu 11ic U~i1iJies,
.
;
C0Dm18810';-. Co'l'-
dl~ec-
._
exte*sive
corpO,ration,
vide~1 direct
. 'I
reroult:ng
Rai~,ay
in that
coDm1.don ,had
P".59.
esti
eo~ti
l~,C,'
at10rus were'.dlaturbed.1fo:
more
each
ear.l~
--!Ilorta~t
P
turns \ at sevent~
five
fer
cent
I the
'.
am ~1"'Oad~aywere to be 'allowed.
\ In view
plan,
d~ the
progr4a
limportance
was ~laeed
of ed~catlonof
j
Rerouting~
the
.r,
department I conducted
a campaign
opposition.14,
allay
'.
havel continued
to ,take place
tae.
tr '"
with ItttleoPPo8i~f()ft.
in' ef'fect
~he Lbs
Angeles ~al1wa~
publicity
1
,
Twenty-.
The Trafi'1c
thel~adln
i1
'i
"
'
'made ~ny
'
transportktion.'
It
has
reco~~ndations,.
into effect,
Ii!
15
.
but <n1t withou t. fPPOS i t ion; from downtownmer~hants
,Accord"\'
'
o~~
!
I
gations
"
.'
. 1.
Sk1p-stop~
.'
,i
I,,'
I
i
.1
by el~nating
!
I'
one";b8.lf
, .
1:
I~em.
~
~t
15 .M prettymaq, Chi f O~I the Research Departmen~" L~!
~~les
REi lway corpqratio~,
st,ates that the City and the rail c~p y were in favor of e!limlnating the curve at SecorXI and .
Br'adwa~ on 'heir
p" rine, but that oppos~t~on~.~8J so, strbng
fr,m var1ou8g~oup
tha\t the proposal had to be abandon~d.
(prs.onal
in ervie , JulY,25, 1938.)
See also Mr. Dorsey's
.
re art , Reli f 2!. rafflc . Congestion, Feb." 15, 193e;., ,He
,
st tes:
In os
e e~' advertisements
of the new route8
we e publish d" a
foltlers explaining why the recommendations
h& been mad ,plu
man\; newspaper articles
were helprul"
"
1
t'l .. ll' favo~abli attitud by th pub 10.
14
"yn
"
..t
_'
'
repo~ts
a, r~sult
'~,
prope~UJ' ,',
'.
themselve.,
aggrieved,
i, ...
of the national
drive
for 'eoonomy,
as s,treet
the 1. value
traffio-signal,
,ft .
,i
\ In 19l8,las
tha:t,
1nterest~:...:;considered
numercjus prorests
1
an i1;s' l~eai,)
th1s'idea
<,.
This Pl,n
and fled
~b.}:.: ur.d.,
stops
for traffic~
~he Ral1ro~dCo~ss10n
'I
t~
be~n pushed.
~1nce that
t~e
this
method ,has
,\
'\
Traff!C Re~lat1ons
to A1d stpeet Cars
I
;The s~ree,t., car companies, have ,had the cooperation
i
I officials
,
public
"
i in
.ThIsftct
.,
'traffic
..
Isseel
!.
1'1.
. i
(1914.
.....,
18
cars.
'
'
Many of the
.
types of trafftc:
'/
:'.
'(
and Transportation"
FoUrth :Annual
'
artd,Transportation,
Th~. plan
'I
,_,
pp.!84-85.
'service.
-
'
with all
of Pub ic Uti~1ties
Reyrt
street
I;
~~e' de~lt
.,-
I;
~ual
,
'.'
80 as to favor
I'
BoJ~
to provid~ better
parUfUlarlY
conditions
"'recomm~ndatibns
,16
the "attempt
f"
'i
,of
Tenth
re gull tions
,."
Outs taJing
~ongestlj~
he
by aU~OmOblleSso that
floJl o:r:,s~.eat
'.t~
'\UU'
mifht
of Puplic
~e faci~itated.
'tilities
) In thelr,jo,intreport
a9dthe
Railroad
j'
ment,\made spe11flc
0:
the attempt
the Idading
'.'
downtown merchants
plan'ot
45 mi~tes
all
P1rking
I
be~ween f0t"
tion
tion
~~roughPl~Cing
.19
for traffic
T:tms,'the
to 11l0W parki~
.t-
21
'
e~Phasis
I
surface, tran.sport~-
on more stringent
motor ~ehicle
j(
20 bld.,p. 9~.
,
.
!,
I
I
Idrm.
\I
I
\
!
\
for
I'
';
i"
II
of a,ci~y
21
the\irrecommendationa
princiPtes
was modified
I,"
.,
between teniA.
in
no-parking
19
\.
of ped.s trian
the general
as proposed~20
_~ark1ng ot
of commerrlalvehicles
Thi8'adopt~d
regul~tion
Origi1al
ard unloading
Th~ m.aj~~
..
the l'egulatifn
of the reco~endation8
ordlnrce.
res~e~t.,
to elim1tt~
district
turns, by autFmobll.s,
The result
>
p~opo~~ls in this
em~hati8 W9.sp1!a.ced
traffic,
Commission, ,wor~1ng,,1n ,t
clos e: cooperation
left-Jiland
the ~:v'd .
Eleventh
'
"
22
atiou.
aske
that:
IR.connnfnd~t10n8~.
(~) excl~sive
I,
left-hard,
(F)
'.
blbC~;
(4)
turns
or
!of street
. ' ','
i~
me"
tor
vehicles
be
'.
on the street
to a bar'e'
in ,the middle
-,
""-"''''
- .
ef;
~he
1
,buses be p,erm1:tt(!t'(i"'t~
i~ congested
cars be reduced
be allowed to turn
n,o;~axicab~ or sight-seeing
stan4
turns,
for 10ad1ng'~d,
ndi! vehic~es
(3)
:~9+ .....
,i,
areas
adop~ed
an
ordip.ancetn
'
recommeooations,
the (U:ty,'Counel1
seco~d-lane
'..
parking
and jay-walking
I
Pfbhibited,
left
curbed.
hand turns
illegal,
;,
'I
declared.
,.
in ~925 did not
center
much attention
upon expediting
Their, recommendations
".
did stress,
-,;,.
street
cartransport~tion.
;~
turns
could be'elimmated.
,They'
also 'made the proposal that the Los Angeles Ra~l.ay Corporat1on
,
.
",
:
24
,,'
\ '
utili,ze
th6:Brordway runnel.
This proposal was re~liz~d two!
years: later;w.hen
25
the wnne 1.
in April,
1926, str'eet
i
,
'
22 T$ Traffic
Connnls~ion Orig,'~;na,tedin 19l~ ~uring a, conference
o~'representQtives!of
a n~oer of civic groups lntbe
city;
corcerned wi~h traffic
pr~ b~ems, aM w~s authorlzed, by, t~
Bolard of Pub~i? Uti11ties
a~d the Chamber of CODlllerce. '
FOlrInaXlYyeats it ,*as a med4Umthr~gh, whiCh tbel Boax:d
,1 '
Pujblic utili
ies c6uld 'work iin close 'contact wfth 'bus{lness
inJteTes ts .!
I
i
~t;1
23
I
,!
24,\
Ke~k.r,De
I.
..
T'
p~: 4243.
to
I,
i
'1
I
1
.i
I'
c~ntinued
iI'
;,
'r
ir
J"
-".
to f~vor
c~r.
th~re
measpres
. His, ~ecODlllendations
He asked that
portions
oftbe
use of automobiles
.. -
~treet
:!
'.. '
this
~.' .
between
.'
He als0,suggested
,i
districts
interfe;ren~e
'I
and. of "'street
'#.
In Anderson ~s opiniori
meas-4re of reli~r
'
automobiles,
as 'far
s.spossible,
I
I.
'.
The prohibition
or
.
1
.!'
d~rlng hours
i'
be
comm~rcisl vehi~les
prohibition
o~'psrades'll~ithin
I ,.,
alSo! be enforce~.'
i'
Al~ streets:used
i
be main thorouBftaresi
ShOUtd be demanfed
.
P. M.
:',
Of! motor
He aAvocated a frasti~
Los Angeles
remedial
wo-tld be no unnecess.~ry
,"!
the two.
'....
of automo'bile:: t.raffic,-1norder
I"
,
seve
aside
sndihe
recommendEti,{,~a~ ,
or' Transportation,
, stres!sedthe
.;:
.'
the flow or
L
recommended thirteen
the street
auto~
to control
'
on
as ,to free
Rail~ay
of ordinances
units.
,'"
attitude
iears
be s~t
'
_ t::
mobil~:tr8ffic
"
!:'
>
,I
The emphasis
cal r~arrangemen~s
\"
i", t
Corporation
Proposals
'tion's
, '
Lo. ~el~.'RQhlrQ:Y
'!'.
'
-'i,
'
th9roughta~e.
of,
seven A. M. to
shquld
Boulev~,Pd Jltopa
Qf way.
in ~he congesteddlatrict'f,rom
I
every
,'i
'railways
tur~
r '
i'
~' ,
1"
i..
by
a11 automobile.
1, '
up
ofcongeste4
d~15t~1cte lfn6
I!
OIl'
plck-
parti~l~f'
I,
~,,;.1
!
'
em~~sls
~9
was
>,
I.
I
i
'i!'
befo*e
e~gineer
i!
..
j .
:.
--..t'
'1
company had,bee~
<.
Traffic
.'
,sta~ed.
,"
"
"
by a ~r~ffic
'
uta'
was '~1!D to
congestion
~\;
inautoJll~bile
fegits~~~lI',
t~on~ conseque~tly,
"~t is a matter l~r~ely beyond th~ con~rol,
!
",
27
'
of tqe street
r~i1way~.
In that report Mr. Ong devoted'most
i
'
as:
non-parki~~'
sta~er1ng
trac~s
by motorl vehicres.
that .Istreet
carl riders
by rdason
I .
.l
..
He brough~_.out 'c+e~rly,
:tJ,01!ev:eri'
conskieratton
.\
use ot
restricting.'.
28
'.'
they
constitute
by tar
the bulk of
,i
I,'
"
. ,
1,169 .riders
cars,
the automobiles
anfthe
r ,.
-~""rf~ed ~t
,,.,..1 '
1t~reet cars
carrl:ed .,14,325.
He' then
I
I "
!.
I.
rs
Los
~gele~,
27
28
Ihid.,
~an'1
Relief
26
tl;:lat ~conomfcal
b'i~adequate
.chedple.
could be ma1pta1ned,
.I
\Ii
/
II
I!!
.;l.
I
posedjthe
, ,
i,
the p eference
I
.
,I
"c~p1 ~1id.1"sl~U]!~
i
I '.
,f
'."
'1
,!
\
.-
. ,~.
1 .'
,,1 ., '
',I
-\
'.
have;., "
I 'i
'j
bver 1,169
.'au'tomobile riidet-~}9,
I
'";
,"
.i
tion
I
of c~t'y Planning
,I
~o the Boa~
)
.1
gener~l
traffi~
'.
,;l'
...
'
.'.
of
tric
",
~,
..
.r~ilway
although
point
that
t.h~' -elt!tc-
".
~as developing,
'ecilrl.pa(ent:'Qf
'-
it mentioned
industry
It)
".
,~
I:
yth~ :'1
regu~at!on
, ; ~
J',
.1.
..
CODIIl1ss1.onersset,to~th
Mr'. Sachse,
in bringing'
oUt the ,
. -
~egarding.j external
caus esof
t",
I Evenlfwe
had ~he' highest speed equipment at -the pre-sent
, tiine we -would still. be unable to lower our running time' "
ma~erially, i1.nthe congested districts
Under the pre~ent' '
tr~ffic
conditions~
In other words, the limitations
with
re~ard to' speed are to a ~
large extent' beyond' 'tb8 contrpl of the'~transpqrtatipn
agency-.31
, ; ,
I
His proposals.
:
sta.tem~nts
,
.;
~ ".;\
,'.
.~
fpr speeding
' ,
serv,".ce coincided
with previoU8
!
he~aid:
I
! It has b~enun1~ersally
';found tha:t mass transportation
cah be materially
~peeded up .
by means of traffic
.
re~la tion.,:.
Amohg the most obvious and lJ10St
important m,aris of ;e'xpeditlng mass transportatio.!i
in'
,'\d
th~ urban c~ngested areas is a better control of parking
on! Importan~ traff~carteri-es;the
installment 'and' exten::' ';:.
sibn
,of
coordinated
progressive
stop
signals;
the extensio,n
I
'
I
'
!
mad~\by off~cials
'
.'
-;
of,the'companywhen
.
'I
, I
'
I
.
'
J
"29 Ibi~.,
:
30
!
I
p. 16
,I
of Adeiitate Transportation
ere.a ins Such. servIce ,
to
p. 3~
Underscoring
"/!
is the writer's.
t~~YldP Jstem;
the giving of' th rlght~ot-~:t,
~s ~r~s~rtat1on
veh.1cl~ '1n ~re,e~e~ce to the"
vehiicle, particularly
during rus hours; the
pf I'car tr~cks on eertain
stre~.t<s. d:ur~ngpe,rt,f.~n
,thel establishment
of traffic
"1
es. n3'E '
I
';
!
\
.
1
lils"!statem~nt
by the,company erigineer~ red~mmerida~,:l
>,
i
In
j,
tions\',go
fact
khat
~ec~icai
l'~
trolley
advantage
Reco+tru+i~~
iobstable
'
new up-t1-date
equipment.
to;improved
M~~
Sac
did discuss
the
,' incr\!ased
.
transportat11.e
"
"
I..
.);' ..
.~.
-'-[.
vilile
fare
ra
had remalil:ed'"
long: after:
this
depreciation
1n
J
dollalr
materlally~
.-.1
I'
au tomob?il~s
. Thein
-I. .
th~re
'
is
'I
r;'
c~lled
tj..
iscJsidered
,I
r!
I'
!'
also
had
'!
requi~ements,
tion
: i
32
in
'i,
statfpnary
,
!~)
t~ls, s1 tuation~
"
mod rn facilities
,1
~nd r~llair
>
to obtain'
would be lost
;,
\-However, "
this
, --.l
c ul~ prQduce a .1
was recog
finanbial
..'
'The,
obstacles.
industry
every1',resp~ct"
:b,
in'the
el~c~ric
the ,r~il~ay
new e~i~nt
sJilY
of phislc~l
mOde~p, surerio~
unles~
tfe
greater
and, franchise
'
fin~ricial"
~eqU'iremEmtB. ,:P~vl~g
qost
the company
against
.r~Sachse,
'the 'str~et
Ii,
i'
~;i
".
'
Cq:;'s~r~~~
~~;o~:~~rt
I
1
,
burden placed
I!
1
.I
/--f
'
'
Ii.
'
',I,
'
car o.-ners
and
, !
~
;ider~~Fr~chise
tipnaP. burde~.
"
co]Jlecte4
is used, for
i
!
'
d,ollec~ed;
i
I
the. sta,te
cents
out
Tl;lus-, .,it
tax.
,,0
is thrt
...-
up-tor-date
The attltude
as phys ical
transportation
,
of the Los Angeles Railway Corporation
33
equirment.
and rapid
transportat
were demolished,
and that
through
the financial
the re~ction
pOintrd,'out"
or.
I'
burdens
of fixed
o:Vler~
14
head rharges,
,has
0 bs 1j;ac
le8
regul:ation
' Tbi!~j
of dollara,eachyear.
P088.1.b
thrg,ugh,:'5
o~ t~affic
tions! by an off~cial
shows: evidence
cooperation
report
is :~ontlnUlng.
to dlscu~sion
t
as:
ireroutingdf
t
.
ii,
traffic
l.'
flowa,
s.tagg~:ing
.r~gu~a."1I
restri,.ctiollS'
of hfra
lanes,
~
I
dismisS'al,one-,way
1
~l1min4tion
0
of turning
34
~3 ~1ehardSaeJs.,
oL,'elt.,
~. T,. Dorse
~
._~,."
streets,.
movements,
, ~..
,'.,
t:
>it'
I,
offs&tr
am"
t"r
separftlo~
:
'
pass1m. "
" d
, Traffic
I
I
of tYEes of tra~fic.
34
parking
traff\ic
sucll m~tter~
bulk ~f his I
Survey (1938).
p. 3.
I'
f.
':" J,~
---
Reoent Recommendations
'
Ill..
Efforts
of Public
Officials
J:
1\ \
i '
o~ Los ,Angeleity
,i
I~ ":11
.
'
officials
was
,I
the-lab.
ii"
,I
Corpprat~on
a fe~ ye~rs
rovements.
~f~e~ thisofflcial
preaentatl
Ange~es attacked
of t~1s attack
n of Its:posltlon
th
City of Lo8
'
the ,validity
of this
poai
ion~
The result
brought
mate:iallY
'i
i '
in t ~
Within
I.
mass ~ransportation
city.
\'
In 1933 a "Joint
-~
units'
'
Committee ~f Trans~ortatiOri"
~d
been
by the Rai~road-'Commlssion to
35
problems in Los Angeles.
Not. ,satil5-
jj
cons Ider
transportation
"c
'
plans
th~,~oard
ubilitiea,thrOUgh
,:
of Public
for modernization
11
of its
".
offide,
'filed'
__ I
I,
a:.complaint
.;.
,,'
:""
equi~ent,
"
36
Railrof,dConmisslon.
I
"
'.
.I
j'
fdaro!
for
surracetr:ansportatl0n.
grea~ det.il
the
t~ descr[be
37
I
carrier.
ocal
~ ~1;l.trf.rl~J"nl1t
t.
the condition
In part
or! t~
Into
~r ' "
eqUi~ment'
."
the complaint1said:'
i'
;.
The 4efendant
was to be required
'
threi
lmndred",modern street
stan~ards
\the 'other
cars
.,'
cars
'!,
and to r,eb~ild
.
"Such acquisition
. to repder
SUCh;
I'
and :r:ebuilding,df
street
nece sary
re-
bUilJing.
to, modern.
cars.!s
39:
minimum &mOl!uat
,~ of service.
the co t of this
,new
"
of rolling
I:
inve1tment~ rather
"amou~t of pot
'to
less
answjr
!,
.Ii
'
$400,000 a year,
or 'f'~worn cars.
I
thecomplai#
This
woJlq be sufficient
of the allegations
all~geci:t;hat
made b
,'"
'
The
t~e com'pany:
"',
38
39
. I,'
up for
thfn
,I
deni~d a majority
t)1mjs ,set
'.
that
Cit~ of
, o~,~.
J~C8
~.,
t 'ld~,p.
, 9' p$r~
eles v.'The
L08
Angele
7.
aph8, XV, XVI,' XVII.
"
':.i
,Railway CorpQraI
I.;"
I'
.""
"
I.
'I
\.
"
i,
'
~.
progrF
a,
Obsol~te equi~~nt
Bucce~8fu1.
"
'
"
constfuctlon of thirty! (30) new 8treetcars of the type d~signed by the P~eaident's Conference Committee of the American
I
Transtt Association.
ror a loan
I.
, '
I'
"
'42
.'
''
"
As a c9nsequenc
City
as dismiss~d by
The Public
Utilities Board
;'
p. 3.
opesal of '~QS'
'eies Rai1.WI!f3'
Corpo:rrationfor rehab11itat onol its iqU1pm nt, Feb. 14, 1935~ \EXh1bit A~or
D ~81on Wum er27 90, ~e City of Lo~ :Anse1es v. T~
'8 Angeles. l~~a C0rp0Tat1on.! Ca8~ #3915, 3~. Rail
R ad Comm!aslon ot California (March ~, 1935). p. 786.
. .I
..... \
'
xious to rri~
I
",'
t"
-.
~':'j.
/'
r:",E"
ri
structure
"Jo1 t Conferente
it
an
service
Co
i ttee"
I,.
,1
,i
fulfill
the ter~
ther.fore.,
entire
taien
.;
situat10nto
A60~plaint
""
R.ll.'
'I
the re.u1t.'
i,
'<}
",
: ..
-~
J,c..
~o;:,ri:,,!;.qUiPmrnt;-~
,.
adnss,ble
.."
was filed
The
tJi.:h~tter~lco,'';;in . to
<1,
.:
r"
'I
.~, . ,
't~'~:~si"'i
'h'V'
'I"
, ~,~~
I had been'
..
of lits
'1' '...'
such t~,t,
.~~"
",,'-:'
on April
to itvestigate,all
p,ses
of tne defendant's
I'
portttion
quest
operations_\
that
I
local
Included
in this' complaint
direqting
DllJ.ss:~rans~
BI.-Order
'
I:
fiye
thofsand
e purpoae;of
Jr
on all 'phases
.!
orde
that
ma~ing an impartial
..
'i
the local
recommendations' fitting
43
of the case of
14
t'
exha stive
"
transportation
i'
problem,
I'
I:q.eCity against
ihis
l'lpoft
:,the rli1,a:r
lr
"
i
I
I
\
'
'
!:,
'
\
requir~-
companles,~'
orolndum
Com le:inant City of, ~s ~~~es
in
Request ~f Pre iding Commlssion~r f~r Certal~
6 193$) Case Number 4002, The CitY of Los
The' Los' .p~elel
Railway Corpora,tion (Deeision
,.'
in
:,. - ,
was to b~ the
( ay
study and
to :the transportation
of the' complaint',
Responss
Dat.,
Angeles
pending)
jI
!
!
-I
I,
'.
" :,'
)i
'resp
ct,
-the r~port
"}
~:
,p
,
:The mos~i serio S 9,"tuation and1A)nel"1'on ~st
~e.
'.
emedied Ite9 in he ch.araeter,ofi a sl1bs't411tial' ~rt
,j
,
f the Oldlr stre t Cjar equipm.n~J.of.~h. Los ,4n&~~e. ~ , ",,',
ailway.
he min
requir.ment;to
put the co~~n7
'
tn a s t~ te of r~a ppab le o.p.er.ati~~ 'efreciene,. J.,* . t ' , ,
:+east two undred modern, up-to.i.date street
cars _ '.
ft is beli vea t~e. purchase of ~e,w~e(ll11pnent ~S'~~lly :~~
~ustifled
~y oper~t1ng economies and ~orea8ed t~ffic
,nd that tl;le Los<\AIlgeles Railway 9hou:ld exert eve:ry
,ffort
to ~cqui,rel such, new rail equipment at the i '
um
:i:
t4
r~:::t
J,.-histrry,
',offire,
c:i::
is sq~llpenring.
it
ia ii~elY
'.~~s,rd
: :he annats
I
Ithat eventually
if result~satfsfsctOry
~
,'
"
" j
..'1936'
"
0;1 10caltran:~0~tatlon
thecaee
. I
.<
of m~dern stre~t
, I
will; b~.diB-'
I!,',
cars..
in the y~a'rs of
ap~r'ox1ma~elY $1,425~OOOwo~th
Ninety-five
"Presido,n, t'.
of ,the 'so-called
,,',
and placedln
.' '.
~pe;at~o~ .
al1rQad C9nnn.1.SSi~n.
of the,. state ofCaB.forn:i.a,. CaB,eN~ber'
,002, 1fRep~rt on !the Local Public Transportation
Requirelhenta
~f LaiI Ang~lesJ" (December 16, 193p). p., 289.;~
- " . . .
"
\.
1,1
I
I'
i'
' I,
I
',I,
'!
diffictul
ty
II
i,,',rse~telIlPer,
by
'
the .refunding
'I
ties
;was,adjusteq.
the per";,,
COumii8Bi~nr~~~~'fin~;1a'l
'1
'Wi,th
"
t'
"
'
,I
'I
' "
193~,~
' i
I,
operation
of th~new
type c~r,.
beer
.'
resul~s,
the o!ficials!
confe1ence
futur~
.
l11B.
calls'
for
te It,' thirty
anoth~r
",
bompany
, i
46
I
'
1]8
, 'I
more favorable
I
Theattltude
.. i
tow~rd equip-
ffn~cing
real
'
P,rsonal
Intervle
, Mr. J.' R. Prettyman, Directop
s Angeles I Railwa Corporation; see also' Traliillt
N ws, II (A~gust 6, 1938). "p. 256.
'
,
'
or Research,
Journal
'
i.
natfre;that
Ii.
,.
rehabili~atiQn
The lDUDl!tdiate
r
I
Iii,
Pre~id~nt'8
i"
II
'c:ars a y~ar.
Howeverj'such
todaylof
three~year
48
"
Inad~,uate
as poss19le
Ii.
additional
I
!'
';1
i
J
'
!,.
been lowered,
B~cause of I thes~fav~r~bl.
lowere~.
IBcreased
fO,r Los
,
:L
TaYlor\adVl~e
that c~edit for this, expansion 'should
easier tl obta
as a,r~8ult
of the successfUl retund~
of debt maturities
thi~ fall (l938).
,
"
,
,
I
"
'
il.
tJ.ar:r i
portttion
by means
mentlof
such actions
icallrearrang~ents
of t*e units
:)
surface
~~n sti~l
be puslied.
1,
It
~.vorl>_
ver, \
Itoday the.financing
nl!)w-"quipment
program.
I
"
---1
past.
of a~tQmQpil. t~aftl~ln
'I'
'.~4 .
of a large-scale.
-
'
rail!
line
can ~eet
t~s
I"
rema~ns the cornerstop.e
need adequately.
'street
car~servlc,
and ~ntil
ofimtdern
of the l?cal
transportation
system,'
!
I
l
1
\
I
\
i
\
\
I
!
control
tr@~-
.~its
,..:.~
unsolved.
..
\.
i!
i,
Ivi
CHAPTERi
',I
I, ANALYSIS
QF PRo~osAis
! \
, ,
'
.
II
: IBiOn J. Arnold,
i
WH~CH PERTAIN1'T,
AND S~AYS
kn
his
!,
1911 report,
,I
spec~fic
ELEVATE!;D'RJ.IL,AJS
.as
.J'
i,
t~~ ri~lt
to ~k.
to the uae ot
to tJe central"~~s
..
ine+s district.
come of it.1
I
II
,;
'
through :elevaied
report
paid attention
tio~s;.
The firs~
land to which it
\.
: -
reoommenda-
I,
devoted its
heavy interurban,
MaIn ~treet
railways
rapid'
of the interurban
i-
tempoJtll"Yrelief
.~8
service
for
other \ thoroughfares..
across
runninjg north
i
anqsout~.
I
aDd
Main stree,t..
.. I
The Transportation
\.
I'
I
\
Electric
Company.
Prob'lem' or Los Angeles"
1\
I
.
"
"
.~~n1~~i.:
. to .te
the
also
lIlfl,
It
thr0tgh
stre.t
the hi~ls
wes~of
at about.' Four+
that!th1s
west~rn
of, ~
4r;uo;~,,~,r'~fi,;Q~~,1~.*
Hi~l 8tre t, ~
.ou~h of Sixth,
street.,
Furth,ermo;re, i.
II'
W:~8\'PZ;9~O.,d
'..
].:.
I"
paci~ic
E~ectr~c
sUbwJy under
te~inal
the stre~ts
i'
a~qthe~
.' i
I'
the difficulties
~ ~ontinue~
years.
Nev,e'rtheless,
the ~ventJsl
ltowns,'were
L be
~:iS,
heJreco~,ende~~b.e
,
"
ru.nn~
satisfactorily
con~truction
busJ..ness dis~rict,!from
'i
ch:would
nor t1 and
to tlfse
eceive
~ terurban
C[~ities.
~ra~eters
cQnIlect iOJ?8
trans
is mel;ltiol]-~d
"ultimate
I'
:3 I id.,
fro~ the
,I
I
Twelfth street
~here wguldh . ~.
For rutur~
4.
s~lved.
. l~.
i'
!
I
I
h1s tepo~t,'Mr. Arnold ~tressed
~ pot t
I
I
I
,
be :locate
l
.J.
II
I
the
at, the \plaza site.
I
\
pl
This deale
/
/
ti'
'
I,
~'.h,l
theed!Of
,'..
t~
'l~,
t;h'ecoilite,'t~,~
do
~n the'repl'rt,
exp~ssed
. Lr~!
take
care
At , that'
t1m~; i,tJ~""thOu,ght,'
'
loca~ trac~s.
'I
all
'
be
',,~~i,
r:i-o~mlt~"t,iL:~
atterti~n
Ibelng ~ttlized
I
' ,
wa~,~giVen 0 th1s~'atp,ect.
'.-
,I
, I . As . reg~rd8
l,l
general
.!
Ing
Little
proposals,
Of.'either
,tl;le'
a de.talJ!ed or,
It dlie,.diSCu~s, briefly
the II].ethod)of .fip:a~c-, r'
!
..
~. '.
..'
The ge,nerSl t01e of the :report indlcate'd, that municipal
:'
..
OI theci'tyfor
goa~
,!
~ i
rar-teachlng.sfbWaY~l~n.
c~rs.(
nature;.
ownetshiP
city
~y lo~al
,its.
Trfsi~
bords
should be soldl by t~ ..
of the SUbw~Y~i
would re on a lrase bas1s to the '/ac1f1ll. Electric
complny,
, ~ove.
J the 1~te~est
sUfficient,
6con.t~ct10n
to ~
.. '
'andPZ;0v1dea"
the bOOrS'
b~ financed
!
py the Pacific
'.
'only
w~ul? be t
'\
old".2E,.
e1t.,
p. 19t
I
I
.'12.
\,
E,1ve toj"the
bullarng of
.
~
i'oward this
!I,
rise
~lectriy,
:
or money~Th
T~. 1_d1ti.te
:.
co,pany
a long-term
j.
fr~ch1se."
7.'"
. ..1
it
w+a contldered
I'
"I
: ' .
;::\::t:~::1p::ul1:g1:;e1:::
\
.'
II
Conslde~able
!'
..2!.
~
:.'
Rail*oad
'
grad~ crosa ng
.'
Tbe',l!J&U.~".
its
elaborate
and, sclent+fic
surv1yon
~U1d
of a v~rbal Dat;;re
C0unr-ss4:c:m"
i' ":<.
Ral1road
I.
e\~~:~. ~1.
\ Prop~sals
',~f"
elim~nation,the
!or
necessity
aUnion
tran
sachse,
'I'!
battle
At thOugh
it
Thisl particular
I
I .
was in charge of
major attack
. :.
fOr the.
by m~a~
ite
not rebei.vin
,.-'
investigation
just
In,,~~
lO,l}g,!"
of s bways an.d'elevareds
\'
recommrnda~l ns were.:lllB.de
!'
.t!~';,
."
'7'1
t (1913~.
15-120.;'!
';
i
:
9.
Principle Number
i!';,
cars'
at
resent.
Tiile'onlyreco~endation
'
Of
..
\;..
:~-.I'
two ~utlets to the nJrth instad of just the one on Main Street,
and bo allow d-J.;ectJouting of Broadway cars to the~'~brth.10
;
ii,
"
,\
"i
'!
int~~rban
'1
'
He suggested M~1n
'~' .
i'
listing, several1~dyantageaWhiCh
As a first .
steP I he thought the [line from the north should stop at Si~th
r
and tain Streets Wit~ extension south on Main 'street at-a later
.9
10
~ich.ardsacse,
Re art on Railroad.:Grade crossi~' El1Jn~nation
.a~ Passen r an
re E:t' Terminals in Los Anr!e,. 8 for'
C1Ii orn a allroa Connnsslon (1920T:- 'pass . '\
.
11
I,
"
I1
\
I
I
I
i
'date
'
\. '.
E~ectr~c
comina.1n
':~
'.
'
'~
with
I reoo~ended.
tion
ofttiS
latter
J.
'>
!
\
'
".
'Q
i,n "Ord,~r.t~t
of the city
'I
Id be maintaine4 . ;
' "
I'
und~rthe
~ark.
The report
did
ot'favor
diagqnally
t~t
~o alll parts
This! connection
I
. thrmtgh routing
.
southboun
'tracks ,because
the idea
tree~ eleva,tad
th1swould
retard. ,th8
cons~ruction
of the n?rth
sUbw~y was to
II
Mai~ streetsubwaf.
This 1a~ter
.,
qe
the 6utlet
I'
'
the tl,nion
Depot 'locatedI
,
stati~n,
.:
.,
Li tt1e
to r1s~e
I
ra~l-
to
,
the long ?-ra~
'
asked
that
.
I
chang+ng t ~ an elevated
and ~cross
~'ealiZi+g
re 1atfve
.Broo~lyn Avenu~..
fr9m
t:
'
of
out sitruggle
tlr-e
mich
was
the : MainS
reet.
subway
be built
{
within
the .next
five
yearsl.
case
The Pacific
efore
E ,ectrlc
the Railr
Company, in its
ad ~ommission,had
testin10ny on the
acknowledged the
necessity
changes 1n its
j
lines,
12
,12'
js~ch .change~.'
The report
1:t.~.
.
\.
,)
;'
i\
i'
bu,~ th9U~t,~hei
need '
Elec~,rlc
'1_;_
::x:~,::::::0ja~:~:l::e:::
l.
tha~ the Pacl~1c Ele~trlc
.
the1~ station
.....
~:~::e~:::~:l:'
'.
,.!
wou~~ construct
I'
,:' "
~asis.
As regards
: .::t::~::d
i!,
tor
olieration
~o general
d jd pr,edom~pate, howeveri
'trom
and l~ased
fit I anclng',
..'
'
"'1'"
i'
on ~ r~ntal
that
the city
costs
it,
IAt
clause
for
t esale
of transtt
'
,(
!that, time
whic:q called
"'
Los A~ele8
I
wh\Jch'pr ,ohioi
'
l
ed the g~a:ntingof
\
a f anchise
'
for
an
113':'
long~tudl
to rkp'id
d~rectiqn.
ransit!nip
In,lcalling
atten
,the
, :
Ii'
char~er
ame4ded,
'I
se,
expe~itln
1
:'thos'
~hen,
harg',
wIthin
'I
of t 1s remarkrblj
were to become':ef'fective.
in
f const~1tl0rl
devoted to the
the city
limits.
'
,whit.
'
Art1e:l:-~'r"
,
\
,>
\.
"j;I",
..
'
'def~
te attem~t
to solve
:''It
1'-(
,~
rh~
i
blem
be h d,
It was believrd
term nals
and lines
essenttal
that
br complet~dso
l09ation
COU~d
9f 1nterurbant
dist~ibution
Kelke" ~ ~
Report
-1"'"
I
I
'
union ~s.~ng.rq.pot
.I
"
'~he attempt
in
I
I
to bring
rapid
'
I:,
ent ci tle~
were solving
"
heir
return~
their
f
'
how ~ther
"
'
'transports'.
tion problems.
I,
I '
of transporta
tion
in a comprehensive'
plan to beworfed
,I!
",
which
out.
'
This
when completed,
city
or the next
.
!.'
i\
'.j
<
-;,~
'I ~
'''is
Board
ended t
ansit s
subway
rshing
way and
, \:
I
tigat;iori
servedjasa
'
SiJificant
intr
u~tory
step,to
,the
an
'erali
viewpoint lif
real
brogress
Am~ngthe ve.J
~1"1many prtposalS
,I
ttmel to
purpose/of
I
at
~.d
were
~be''made.
'.
~d~
frjm
th~,"
~rowing
'
solving
tr~por.t.,
,ttonldifficulties
i
. tionj stands
studf
'basi~
with its
I.
I.
all-ixrclusive
. ...
la~t1ng
As in the ~91d
I:
.IJU
first
.
and S,chse
years .
reports,
princIples
of a coJprehenSlve
of these
several
was to be the
teconnnendattons
rapid
statel"
this
one laid
system.
The
I'
'i.
Of
tie.", ,'
aC1l1
I'
'
'-a. 7
'
-!
'
cohtin~ed) rad.ia e" from '8+,sh1ng,Squ8.;~~sou~we8,.t; t!~
ineyat-d Junction to supp ythe
west bef"chdistrict;
hat the then exi ting el vated from tp. rear. of;,'the P,"ciflc
lectricstatlonl
,n Main treet be exte ded across the Los
gel,s'Riverand
north t a private r;iht.,o,f-'l!aY;'I,that. the
rack. on Long Be ch BoUliV8rd should b depressed or
.
;tevs.ted a~ far!! uth as ",lausop., Ayenu,e .~he rep,Qri; stated
t
t ~fthe
City uiltth.se
,.lines they should be leased
-t .the operating . ompany In a rent,lt. b,. 1,'. Subways,.ere "
t b,e, 'built onl~ 'In the',c ngested ,distr ~t" ,and, expande,d as
n c~..,~,an. Board of PubIc Utilities
a, d Transportation,
F rteenth Annual ReportI923).
'pp. 4 :-50. I
l~elr 'i ~"Le~w ~&Jco ,,~eJort
on acomp~ehenSi ~e R~~1d
an$~t. Plan; for Ihe city \e.ndcounty of Los A.ngelea (192p,).
1'1
.\
\
I,
\,
'
p.s.
~"
f '
Ql
'\
~j
,,'
rban rap,id tr
'
",.'
I'"~ ,
\ "lIr
l~,
'
';.'I>'.~'i~.
~'
;' ,
j',1
..
loca
I'
in g tting throught
e bUBine:s ~lstrlct.
_,
18
'
The ~lr8t
ga~e
the requirements needed for,
i~
, I
"
I:.
imme iateconstructl,0f!
Theisecond gave'therequirements
for
woul
.ona
1'.,.
!i
'
r
tain a milllimumof two million; four hundred
inhatiitan.~s
'j
lins ,were propos d for lmnedlate
1 at was
known ~sth.
,"
~1J
.,-e
lIoneta'-B!'oad
a . dis tl'ict
rromJ4a.jah~a tier!~A\(~
I
e 64 ~n the nort.
'"
A'8u~a'1~!'~"s'x ~,O~:b.tem~~O'Y4~Q~:~~)J~'!~~i"~~W~'.!~
"
L '.. '.
...
" thes1
points
north
anf' aouth
nort~weat
the
~f
consisted
(1) an \~~e,vated'and
(2)
the
1118,(4)0
ele/vated
A. third
(5)
'
aubway #;'1'
'!
','
at
stru
t,ion at all-imp~rtant
Hollywood Bouhya~.
strret
Ii
anfwith
elevat,~A,ke;Ci)Ii~,"
In this
Une
on .the 'w~at
v~a Third
Whit ierBoulevard.
st
S' '::veet,severth
iThe western
portion
of a subway, [crossing
stleet,
thence
via
an
Co., ~.
to
Il!ld~.
stireet,'a~Cil
to Stanford
way San'
east
'
the busine:s8dis~~tpt
Inoll:elx:t:e'
n:dectfr~
omtllLrqua',rgchmh
eoan,Bt:t~l.
d-.~'st
on the
"
croa8in~s.
be liIlk~q.~ith
.,
Stre~t
'.'
b~twe~n Gl.nd:a'le',;~:b.":
J!
". ',j,:
extend~lng totaiit~I'Sheim
was
~,est through
B+levaro.;~.~.; bonnec.twith:arap1d;t~a,lUIJ~"
line
Los
t~e1
..
"
subway .OIl'P.1~O.,;.
DBet ,and
dlre~tl~~
The 10ute
pur~a~
in a,wester,1y
wfls"1;;O
business
leas t 0$ th.eiRJi1s1-I!l".~~;.$:~:,
"
19"
vated ,a10n;g ;Wh.'-ttie~
C1t.'iP.
di@.~
101.
'1' .'
'~'1\
,.
i'
, In~smuch
aa t eaforem~Pt,4.onetl(
!
.' .. .' :Llf.!.esw,ere'~:~1118lcter.~,
r ..,." ' _"\'
" ..'' 'to
-..1
be reeded
metr PPllfan
I,
addl~lonsl
aa L~a Angela,
pasa~ena
~levated
elev
I 0'
ted
de .
J.p, qt
r extensj.Oil8:~and
.'
I :
A cOnQ8ction ~i
thisf
linen,S
to
Even~ua,l~y" a thre,e-t,~ac~
'
I..;~
t.
alpng Sunset
The elr1na
e paflfiCE1SC~1iC
s t ed ~
rut
tion .of
line: ~arth~r
gradecros~
"
~ngs
likewise
i.
s plans ,n:slevatsd
Fargo
poinla
along
Los Jmgel
line
other
fro
'
om the011v~,Street
~from the}.
l1nes!t~
','
In' these
Ane;Levated
"
was. ~o be .b1il t
: Elevated
would
i'
nort~
r.1e.,' }f.l,:le'fBr,:Qadoy-
Barbara stre~t.
jl
9n~ 9f ;the;,w~r~,f,8,,largest
bec~e
,set
.-Ii
1n the
118th st~eet.
~Fsanta
'I.
rapl~
to be,. buil
'1"
the
junct
ti
third
the junct10ijus.t
e' evated
line
on throu h Glendale
d1rec tly
lines'would
and
an ~)evat~~ railroad
y8, .whil
.t.:'
~ol.llabe
within
..we~,~C?f tth~
Lankb rsb.~
)\
i.
"
constructed'
from Webb...
Street
to
:
i
st~eet.
\
'
':'i.
"/
the
".).'
'
suggested~'
i~jl~
'I
Vana den Avenue, 'thenl e it 'w~~ to operate;bY'~~rf'~ce~in~
I
I.
,:::t::d
A::::e ,::~r;::t::t::e
Owen1mouth.
its
;'
'
comprehens'tver rap'1d'
Boule-
vard line
~o
A::~:~~:~::~:~:~:"
a third
track
' .
in .~h~
r~ilroad,
I
.ittan'a
elevated
'
from' Indiana
to First
Bou~~va~.
A Beverly'Hil11
elevated
It would
cross
I!
would begin
ular
s,tudy.,
a~d,Sawtelle,
'
'lIne
"
','
"
.'
',"
of 'the recoinmendations,made,in
'
"
and a l-'inclusivequality
local
",
where I an elevated
parti
oftfl1s
which'
would afford
.
of
LOB
this
Both
were to be ,furnished
I
'
of the 'c6mpr~~~nsi ve
plan"for,r~pidtr~n:~t.
-rban centers
trans:it
Or
t
'
<'-
'0'.
with a '
transporta1';,
:but it
.: ls ,:I
was
consider~d
,
I
.
inevitable
20
'
.;'
S~bwaYI,ala
grad i cror"inglOn
cent
rs
pid tra1itaurt
I'
popu:atio~
rapid
tra
'all
~1f"r-to'~til~i~.
be. Fployed
in 1tu\~nlSlilingtb,e,.
,i
'l~.
ot
01'rapiid,tranait linla'"tef.
be b 'uinl,nteClosna8nidstet:oOt~
fdorretYd-:t'..:af
ndorty0ri.e-halt"m\11eSO~s1J!?Jr,ya
and
"
..
and ohe";th1x-d ml . ,oi'
I ' . '
track tin....
,,-pres.a,
surface
ot.~~
to the mn~t
I ..
I
one
undred
the
omplete
system ~ounted
~o three
22:
e-tenth
,,',
i ",
~i~es.~
'
'
\.
"~
:: t ~O::d::l::j
:h;e C:::~O:t:::S
::t
Y
:::aI::~
c~st and:pro!>o,
all mathot'of ,f1na~cing t~
gi
Vi:
the
es tirnat'1ona ~ s everatal
restr i ctions
of
or
causes.
for
bways
l'~e
C,oats
fra,
nee.
;l'O~am; In
ani
a::btf
swhich~ight
,area,
1,
,P~' r~~o.mme,dlid-"~es,
elev'ateds,;
and equ~pmeJj~,1,
I.,
.2. .
~ ~
'I
23
vie.,ofth"
.\
In
the
study" deyoted
, ."
1,-\
"I
(~*,~,
~\S':Ma,,:g~t&i~~~~
l?/", _.:'-'
pugs !,~,
...
.\,
-"
in def1n~ te pri
there
"',,,cfil;~j.~~~~h
j"'~,:,;,,,%,jt<:+:~;k.,;_<~_
"
."
c iPleswTr~,.
,r
4ti/'
la~~; dQ~tl
'
lIJ fl~.
~~nefiCi.~I!>~,.~s,1
"i41
are,:f.our,~r~ncl~palj
bene i tte4i in' many w4ys, and t.he bene!! t~' accrue'ln:v~ri!ng'
II'
II'
. '.!:~.
,'r.
'
of
privfte
t a~sportati1n
>
'
.'
(f~,~~,,,,..
t~e
"". " .
1,""
,'v"
:~ele~ ::::::::::E:::h:el::~:::l
f
t~'ir(::e~ie!i;!lt
. '"
thepropolaals.
gr~:te::c:::~~;:::;
T~e conmun1tYl'sl~.hare
c9A,be isaVed.
!,'
Hotever,
Loa Angele
I
wa'~t,l~p1,al~it
,
,!'
waae~!fti;~.~.~;~~*I,"~C~~~~'o.,
and possi.bl
I,
.~
it
adjae.n'~y:''',,-
'
ti..
om.
pari.S~'~".O.ft..h.,
1S..'.,...f...'i
...
g.,....
r.e...
,.."W.. 1"';,t,..; ...,.h;~.. t,..he'......'. .:'..~',n.,.~'...lIlllJ'.....''.......
'o
.'1l'.t:'$
. {'.,,,"; ,
and a .al! ,million w., ~ch:w~s'*;;.~.~:,!~,!
.
propos drapid
traps ~l' liif5e'!k'fi~!;.~,"i!!i
!
n. report illustrates
1 he compre~ens1fe
rt unde~ discussion:.
The ratio ,is!
e 'flgttr~sgi
vert' abcl>ve'lareth(i)S\l)r"OPl'J~tl1,
tion ort~y. .'
!
~.,
~.,
I.'"
"~'~--' 1
I. and .,Y:~II.
Co;, .:.tf
o~.
,
'
I
'-~
'<.In?,*fJ'~
'.v'.'.....'...,.' .." .
,',.
,~,:i~i;','\f,~#'{'fMt,,,"_
<.' ..,.:..
"i."".:.,.'.'. .' ..
23
tUdY devotedmu
definite
-J
81
~~.
certfin
-,
necce~sart
!-_.
_.
tOj 're~11z,,'
ot t;1.nN1oing .
pri1ciP1es
w,r~ laid
dowp. i
'It
.lIas 'a~~t'ed
that
~aPi~, transit
benefitted
degr~es
s~stem is
const
cted.
~ac~'9r
;
I
'I
who,benefi
accrue
in varying
co~ity
~~P.l~'
~A.,e
I'
are,
or icourse,
ot'~he.,.
->
!t ..
"i
the propertc7
FDurth,
i.
the
!
25
Ted.
.\
"
the tnes
who should
bUil~lng
!
by state
of the "proposals.
,:f
iear
the 1inancial
T,~
;
commun1ty;'a B~r~
.!
laws ~ich.:f!ix
.1'
that
."
t~.the
Itm+~~~,
i
H01ever , it
LoiS Angele,.i
wa~
"\
the a,ount
bu:rd~n8 incident,
'.
....
I'
I'
; ."
~'
~.~
.
bid.,
p. 118. 'A~' omparia~.nof~ this f~gui'e;;wf~hl:~he 4;~.ot
pproximatelyfi
and a ~alf millj.oni whicb:~~s e.t1Jn~te~
.
B' the cost of't e propoB~d rap~d tr8JilB~t 11nes in ..tpe., ...
ailrqad. Connnissi n repor~ illustrate~
thecomprehen~lve
ature of the rep rt under discussion.
The ratio is .
10ae to 23-1 . T e figur~s given above are thoBe tor,~:'
mmedlate construction
on~y.
.
nfra,
Chapters
V I am.dV]II"
Co;, .21t.
\
I
;1
ill.,
p~.
123.
"'
I,{
\.
i ties,
,should
bear
ing the
26
,as
The
plac.d
3t
b~. set
,toiwhO'
r~11way l'ines.
Exte'nlive
and r",
e~ommdl',f
,dati~n"
at.
"emp~a81aj
h~ld~r8
main
,"
upon thepropert~
sUbway ~r ileva~ed
enef1 cia,.,..
i .
,I
cont~ibut,
the cost
2~fl
this'
" .'
\.'
~roup wasihe.
ot
"
The car riders 'f were to{,be assesa'ed a rat'e 'of fa eamoUl1t,
ing t
approxinla tely
~rx centr,.
n~ber
It wa~ th~ght
Of: riders.
this
f ~e _~o~ld
the r ceipts
"
over a t~n-year'period
would furnish suff,cient
i,
i,',
i
"
fundsl to' "carry the iQvestmenr~ in street r~ilway 'and: us lines!,
,
tte
the +Pid
~ompany was
p~rpose
on I tf northeast
propett1e'''!
trfnsit
me thirteen
pay
ot extendlngtts
area.
~e
paclifc
L"
'
of ',olla~s
and'ior
Neither
appurte*ances,~
mfll~ons
facllities
and~outheas:h":rstems
in the urbt,
2t'
11n~s.
1~' sr
26
with PFcess.~
add:lot1,ot,
"" t,o i.ts
th1,~0"
Angel~. ~~llwa:r
, II!
0'
COUIJ
27
28
'
EJ cit.,
p. 171.
~re ..
I.
.. "'ii,..~!
'Ii ...
, '
!
,I
COST 0 CONSTR~CTION OF
JROPOSED
WVATED
I
"
A~
"SUJAY
PROGRAM '*OR""LOS
j;
\>..
Moneta-Br
Holly~ood
S~n Fern
Third-Sev
adway-Pa~adena AvenUe
Vineyard}Llne
do Vall~~ Line
nth-Whittier Boulevard
I
Line
$33.043,odo.oo
31,359~.O~(j.OO
!
. 4. 678,010~qo
.1
Feeder'l~nes 0n surface.
4,OO~,OOO.OO
!",'
i
,.
.'+.8,200,QOQ OO
.TotlilCost..
$l20,237,OOo.od
ft
S URCE:
Kelker," e Leuwa*d
..
28,951,OcpO.OO
Cpmpany, survey
.I
!
!
Legal
the
ounty coun~el. 3
i '
;'
I .
~ptn!~~~.
I,'
g"!vesepar,te
w1.th:
0'
written
The7.~">~~
' ~
'I'
1.
,
l'!<
C~ rapid
ransit '~t,ructures 'be iegall~
c~r;,st~cted
within the corporate
limits of Los Angeles?',
'
r'
,
2.
..' "
I '
"
3.
,j"
,
,.
"
BO,th offices
gave an
' i
ffirmatlye
l,
questj1ons,
and pointe
out that'
had
de legal
the co structioh
Charter
"[,,'
33
of such stru'ptures.
!
!
:cit.',
'.-vr.
,
,~ppen<lk.x'A.:.,Mr:
. 'J,e~8 E,.
Edward: Blshop,wa,s'then
id.,
I,
1 ~ ,~
p. 183.
32 I ld.,p. 187.
33
S c~ 2 The City o
r ghts :and powers
b graIl-ted to it
~
shall have
r
th
.~Y
. . . . . . . . . . . . . l' -, . -/.
i -
. . . .. . ,. . ,. t- ~
.',
'
"
'. .
in .
I!'
'While
tura
had
leg,a~i}Z~c,t
,t~e,
I"
'
'
,,'
i',
of rapid Itransitl.
Point n~ar
'.
,WQS
atlli ,lIll,~".7"p)~
,k.
,;
1,
,a.ta
01"
ins tead
,l1ah~ng thi',
stat
that
'
there.wou
mann,er.'
th8,ae1siona
ere all1,O
'
.I~owever,,~~
handtd ,d01fll}?~:ihe'4
the ef~ect
d be a r1sulting
,t
ihatit.~st.br~.
bene,ftt
to the, p'rop~~ty
I:
the
aCknowl~d~ed,the
upreme Court" ha
(continued)
averti-!
3$"
inc,1, dedThV(ei,;tt,hhiinr"dthopei
Istrictaj
was likewise
,to
facti of this
p~;lda
f~r \
.a~~
ah(;wt~~t
"
i;~
t l~n;
intenanc,
an
or below
es/ City
m) of th
CO.,'E'
, Append
with
benefit.
"",
r ' alteration,
unnels ~ subways
entsl on, above ,
&tertLos
Ange
nd slbai vis-Um
elke , De Leuw
he C ty Attorne
'
t......
p1n;ton o.f;Clty
., p:-I.~
"
ttorney,,&s
!O.i
I, ~
-.
of Count
/'
'
34
35
J.C1r,tJ:Mo
"'
,,'
a horiz1ntal
rirt,
,'Supx:eme court
ShOT'
,~~ o4't ~ ,.
',.
the t tha
Ii",
',b8.1~,.1~i~()r,i"8ulna+.rue~
"1, I lij~"
..Jt4 ; ;'S,
" , I '1
~ ,
':' ,I
dopted a eompra~ana1vee~:vate,
deveopme~t
'(%!"~ '"
,<I'
"
.~
Counsel
""
'p.la!7~
;,
The$e opinions
the
eport
es tab!
could not
tl;:~'\.l1
shed tht
i'
'e forestalled
:"1'
;~:.:~~( .
through legal
I,.
The Kelker,
which further
in Lo
bring
to
La.
wile
but
stant
trivef
al
I
it
Angele.
opposition.
The e~gineerS
des ir+ble,
of th
~ffort
by pa1ties
cen':"'
modified
sub...
alsotarose
int~rested,
,
that, th~
as thought
new city
chart1r.
Foll~wing,that
proceedure
imp~rtant
of
inclUding
a d finite
takenTo~ard
next
Bel eral
Transit
remained, to be
construction
program.
I,
For;the
bodies cou:ld be
t~
,37
aettl
t~~~~it .
transit,
e studied
plan
It
~~id
,ThiS opposlt,ion
prjPosals
~he~c~r~ around
~e~a~ing
of many, there
,.('
J.
to keep the
has re~1ned
~roposals
c"
'
De Leuw report
di.cuss~on~d
-,t _~"
obstacles."
years
little
actIon
City, Planning
,
im~rtant
c~mmi~siOl".\'
during
'I
I"
conferince.
thef~r8t
'
.,_.1
were held
part
of19~O.
;
':
~"
\
I
I
can~orence.
ill
naid~rthe
BUt
It''
I;
ng id with rid1
falling
.~ong t io'\
obil~s
j
were conc~rned
ther
a~f.~irS
,. '. r ,'
th:~
.rf~~twla~trtot';f~~:~~l.
.\
r~
>
I
!!!! ~,ROl?Ort,
,I
cars
inlstreet
'
;"'~f..~.'ti.i.t"'7i11;~'
off
.1,
tt::~l:~.i::: ::a:::t;:::i:r:;:::iIIj:;;;:::~;::/
af g
"
',' 1,
at a low
ate
i,
PYlA.
Do~toWIi bUsin
ia
8S
l.retained
..
for
loan
camei~t~
~en'dtcl~e~
and grant
"t,
:ke
of r~p1d trans1.
'\
the iKelk~r,
ppli9ation.
rnjview
~os Ansi1es
a lreliril1nary
The\ study,
9itY~~O}?fd"H~\'\ftj
'f
the fitst
was hurr1e41y
.'
'1
,I
re~ortupo~//t1;le
i
De,Leuw s~u1r,
YCil*
'
pa:r~ ex1st1n~~data.
to have the
.....
"'J!
'.,d
.'
ed i~ large
" ..
'Xt!~:pg:~~~t
I,
was '...
of ifterest
, Th;ts ra.
into
sub-
larg'e:;s~al?".~ne
co~pild,
!n~
nec~,;sary
i~
jWas.h:tp.gto,n, i.t}f'
w.
~
of
lac'ed on the
it
I.
p.owe;v~r, ~k~,'
I"
<
'
'.
developmen~s ,wh;.~~:~~~~.
needs . A.fr~~woi~.k)/pl:~rap~~'i
should, be c,oxjls
truc ted'ja t th1s t ~e
....
...
"f'
as ecpno'~l~w,.c,f~~fdera-;
'.
"
I
i
could be built
up thrfghaddi
':3'9
ances w~rrante,d.
1 '
as', t:bne
tions
I'
was believed
, the~urrace
"
at thea'ft'uation
to tie
"
emly"
lin--es.
'
at that, time.
,SUbwty
,
9.~
f
transit
The firet
,'"
on<the~,'a'ou't,h
Tenth'~treet
,~~l~"
aDd"then., eas"tr'
acro sthe
This line
'would serve\the
Paci ic Electric
to's'
lnorth "!-ndnortheasterly
linea
of the
It
f .
was further
'
propbseq.
that' an elevated
'\,
railway
line"
'j
bee
tended
east
ain 'stre~ts
.'
Electric
Terminal at Sixth
.
"
,j
"
1'1
' :
th' ough t~
As .tItis
line
/'
it would obviate
ying th~ ,~uild1ng
t~eobjec-
of aIielev'ated",lin'e.,"
' ,
"
'
of the :pasadena,routt;WhlCh
at ~enth
and Fl'ueroa
be ~onstructed
streets.:
This
I
i'
A\three-track
was to be
\subway
Q,lstJeet,
Electric
right-of-way
near
,j'
j
raBsit
System for'Loa-Angeles,
8-6Q.\
I'"
I,''
'
"
Harvrd
'Boulevard
and continu
,g ~long."t~:(,,~~h~-~,!;'~~
it
"\
br~
'\'
j'
To connect
to i.l llize
Glendale
the ex1stifg
an
:o!:
.a.
tunnet
to Bever+Y\,Bou,le~ard.
'F;~m:there'
01
point,
Temp e streets
Temp e street
i_
t',
.,',
d,istance
This line
be:yond
would be built
over
San
line
stru
;.,
immeiateconatruct10n
plans
I
the Kelker,
/\
De Leuw report.
started
on a .scheme
as estimated
!;
'78b 1e
VII 'rows
'or
.1'
of r pid transit
40
tl;1rough Bu:rbank.
lfss
thit,
pre-
De Leuw es tte.,
t,
""
wa~ poss1ble
R~cOVeryAct.
as a result
of the passage
I
1
'
t'w111 l.i>~ reme ered t~jt', these proposals w~re o.:t a ,Pcre1'nI.inar nature'
or the ~ole, purpose of securing fund,S for
.)I1'tlC,h ~ore detailed
st1llrl\ybefore actual, cona truction
took
. la1ce.
"
\
.
','
"
'
'
'\
i
I
I
I
the
&Si8,
of t
e .'ergency
was
mpowlred to make:grants
out
he p\rpose
per
of t~s
~f the; total:
of Public
and loans
act.
$37, oo,o~o of
The
oun~Of
top
bl1cbod1e~
w re'not
Said grants
ma
to carry
to exceed thirty
erials.
$lO,700~OOOWOU~d
:epresent't'~
"I
'
'j
;.
I It iwaS anticip$ted
I
il,;',
not b~ SU4fici~nt
mentsl.
of
~Ch
and t e r,main~g
Under, th~terms
that
A~cordingly,
would
pay-
'to~al
e debt
in the debt
sesB~ent district~.
Theke districts
~OUlf be taxed
("
at a
when
'
essment would be r'eqUlre'~:" Paymen1;otj the: principle
a,
thel nin~h
.'
interes
year,'
after
y~ars.
of sharing
'
IN e1th:er
i 41 V, de. ,83-90.
I:
1:
tpe~af.lroad
in the e:xpenaea
II
.i
..
..:
ea to be'qui.lt:',
fie
I',.,
. I
Electric
'.
i'
{
ap~tal
oU~lay, nor,i$
,a.crib~l:'le1
ba~.: Thet.~~h
rially
ibly
a~e' to:
the\,general
over;,'
puqlic.
ift-tereat
for",'
~,
the p~oj.c't
,.
After,the
investigation
.some de'lay
1
1t toy/Ilshington
in sending
tionj for
nctilce
t
came that
there
fund~ av,lil.ble.
..
.':
and it
encesfo'r
t~t
was
..,
joined:-tiljle ranks.of
future
".
. .
other
I"
reports,
as'
refe
.'.
was compiled,
ocp~rred
,;The consequentrfjsult
were nQ ad,ditional
there
",
was compl~ted,
committees
1 .
to investigate.
".
.'
. lone
other
proposal
'.
c~ing
elevated
'
Mr. ~oBeph
. ,
B; 'straussl,
"
nationally
i ~
. I
"
famous en~ineer who w~s Chief
Ii.
:::: :e:ti:':h::::c:jc::S:::':::nc:::::::t:tpnaO:t::-~:::::n
~
elev ted
i'
43
I'
the Airtramj
i
I,
It was'h1;8
Ga;.
tterly
attacked
to pay the caB.t
e, railwaYlcomp,any
areing the' coetin
an Francisco,
1937),
that
this '~od~rn
",
to the
LJ-,
; I
rapid
"!~
transtt
,~~,
the suspended
large
Car travelling
cit;:'i~,:1
~j;;'
below
!\ ';\~J;'~'k~~';'
dual
rails.
mount~d onate,el
along
carrying
,
',',I
t1:).e
to pr~s ent
"littl$
standrrdS."
tures;,
this
coupled
with
S!tUdY
of th~ rapid
to t e time of his
transit>~probl~m.
get the city
as a:~~,"'ytion
recent
!A
i
,~
to
attempted
dealthhe
of their;
of San Fr,anciseo
prOblema, "but/up,
waS'liot successful.
Angei es,
ho ~ver;
...
Mr. strauss,
lap1p'
and operatimg.$xpe,nse'E:ude:.,
tr~n'sit
tJ;l;le:~~"!9!lary
attraotive"overheadt~;two
low initial,costs
acco*ing
the
more in t'erf,re,nce';tban
In Los
"
E'sta~eflrm
in downto~
in the;
Chamber of Commerce.
'
several,meetings
one ~cca8ion
to tie
of 1936,
;}
tQ t.l~
Los .ADgelea
('
portation
Committe~ witJi,the
i
i"
After
the death
c,
this
~,olut~oncs;me
,c
';.
..
I. ':,:,
I,
. !
inl,Ge~~nY',for
\'
I
I.
surrounding
c,
this
,. n~R~r
I :
t
...,.~
.'
"i
r;;
\ .
can
e c~nSidered
rap~d trlnsit
as of small
for
this
city.
importance
the development;ot
\', Sponsors
of Elevated
Railway.s
are
have fosFered
of all,
these
By an~ large~hey
large
They con$ist
I
'
I,
of the do~town
Downtown I~te~ests.".
.'
merchants
and business
.,
.
downtown Ireal
est~Qte firms.
deep interest
in
'etting
naturally
districtlas is po~sible.
a'.
business
pr"Operty \values
Such inc1ntives
are verf
interes
promote
44
beh{nd",their
cjf downtown
desi~,e.
and i~crease
evera 1 organizations
\
Whi1h coordinate
and
one
I
.
,
" :,
,
I
In 1007 Mr. John F., stevena, former p~elaident of the A.S.e.E.
and Chief EF.-gineer <;>fthe \Panama canal!1 spoke with ,ravo~. f,
the 1: ea of the Sus])ended monorail in , letter
to Mr. J ~.
'Colt
f Hitchcock and Tinkler, Railway [contractors, ,Ne ~ork'
City.;
Hei,said in p~rt, "From every ut~itarian
view, ,
Qeli~, e that with t:t;Lepos'sible except,io of the SUbYl
...y, it
is flU: erior to any qtherme.thod of lard ~~anspol't,
nd it
much. ~S8
for!\ cons tructidn and op~a'tio~. th . "the
.
.
subwa
"
I
"
'
i
'costs
. !
I
.
Association"
"
"-,
.~'
concerned
"I"
transit
tf'
~r
force
behind
"Ii'
j~,j,"
1;
l'
1'"
'
int;~ately
(\i..'
1"'
,con-
':
~.\'
'-*', ,~
!was an lmportllnt
'
move in this
of '1933;
which represent
"
SUbW~ysand
-~
tiona
~"
,.
"',
Itiwas
!
T)e Leuw'report ; it
in the latest
'r
'ii1.:"
Trattto','
.'
the Kelker,
'.
"'
to b'rt~
I
:;l;.
ii'\.
cerned
,~
elevated
l:i
established
I'
usually
I,
' ,'I
the business
Business
'1,
District
Association
tion.
Both of these
asso?latio~a,'
interested
in the questiorr
sponsoring
efforts
The former
to bring
of transportation,
rapid
transit
of theconsU:ltlng
engine'~r,
,'Both organizations
Angeles Traffic
'Mr.'nonald
have assis~ed
in
to make his
study.,
in the effort
46
current
survey~
'.
.
,~
:f
One otherlorganlz,ati,o'n
the Junior
"
contain~, a,
Traffic
and activity
relative
Another
incentive
46
group of interests
as the previously
Pres'1deni; (1937),
f.
much co'rieerm
.I
of t~ansportat1on.
Association,
p. 8.
I'
Th~re J.s ~e
,
usually
retain
'.
i13 usually
,J,;u \le~8'!li
.,,are
J' ,
gt<6uP . 1f . .::.
on the
a system
d'}~~
~,
s t~g~l1ng
'retail
ting in th.e:'de~.l~p~~,~~~~;':
d1ffeioeri~e{t~ttti~
a8~t~.'wn' i<~,{'~~~:~f';,i
threshold
of rapid
transit
of speCUlatite
to realize
profits~:a~l~neea.''''J-
"'"
the~e anti~iPa'ted~~~ol':tts'~!
, I
Angeles
representative
.
of th.1s;-factio~'inllhe,
;
~08
'
Association.
- promise
This region
"
for
real
estate
some years
promoters,
ago represente~'iiIuch_
and it
was realized
that
if
rapid
trans it
their
promotional
problems
factor
neede~_to
tion."
47
rapid
transit
feed into
OfS~
Ferna,;do,
.'
express
service
over~ri
.',
'
when consideri!ng
. <"
. "" "'.'-
.:<l'
''',:.'
vate-rlght~of-way.
'
~'"
e,
.
.
,.t;
"
and grade
railways
..
. I'
Th;e third
.'
8P~akl~~h'1930.
Isystem is ~heonl,.
'
The mariage~ofthe
rapid- transit
.1
would be solved,
'
m.a~be: termed
thi8"'~OUp"to
I.
47
.j
"j
I \
'
pseudo-public
demand.
48
'!
possible 'to do, but support from such civic agencies as the
e1 ty Counsel,
~he Board
Commission,
'
This, agency,
I',
by the public.
sponsored
.
amount of $20,OOO'each.
recelyea
,;conBlaerable
'
connected
with civic
orgaplzations
"I
,
48 H.
\,
d t
and thAi Board of Supervlaors to jo~- i...
150
oWl
.L'A
acomp~lehenlJive survey.
,raying .~.n.,e,.
9';.
~''!>
r,i\,~.
..
subways
.
to Los Angeles, with perhaps the moat in~iatent gro~p o~~~l~tlng of thoa,e bus lness men who stand to,,s'J,lffer
ecpn()~c. 10
.
"'-
Up to th+stime,there
"
.
~".
..
,.
Is ittime:tbat
.
"
..
N~t"Urally,
as a consequence' of these various proposals,
.
,
/.'
L08
'"
There
"1
-\
In fact, it may'be
was
,"
!
i
, I
I
Y not \ in
.
fs.vor'of'such
\-.,
this
public
~oo~.r.ted
the problem.
report
bility
or
su~ay.
roads
was a ra~i8t~ng
\,
expansion
.,
_/ 51
proposalf".
.
'
",
'R.ll,
rtUdY'Of the fe i-
::~m,the .t~~,61nt
thatLfB
~I,
'
.1~1
.. *.Y~d.
~L
~
.~r
Ang~les,d,td:Ji~t
of !the",buSiness
With those
'
'
Lqs4.A.Pg"les
~f clty.ilows
for
the
point
reached.
By be
gable
to .doth1s.
the city
thus,
is ~lwaY8 1n a positi~n
I
there
to sUbs'tantiate
this
e copgeation,.and,
subsurfac
traced
trict
'
~s no necess i ty for
to relie
point.
"
transit.
'
'l'he report
dis-
type of city'
which allows
type,
such as NewYorCit,y
Both Oft,hes
"
~atter
types
Or
Pittsburgh.
p~ev~ntthis,f
as asolutlon
eedom of business
Qr
Fac
tleva
to~,J1J:"banland ~Il\).<efgJ'q.n,,,,Ta:t.,~t,,
,~g.~r
.po,rt. Iwa~later or:tr4ryle, 0-
e'. ,;~tru.cn:o~
(!9J,5),.
'es:
Condit,ions 1n the
.or Subsurf.ce '
Editor:
of.,'. the LGB ~ele8
"
became P~e.
~he
It w.s seft~ in answer to
u~... ~e ..,i' f.l tt ...
;{.o ...the Los :,An8e~~.
Ral1w,.y
Co~o~ . ti9n
I,
e lr
."" op-inio~' on '.th e'.....
. --tter
' ,
'
",'
'.;i.~-/
rth
..
r,eqqe. or- \I 1. , e
,
r "...
:'"f:.r'
U--na.gina
~.
,Ill.'~'
'(~~
<.~
I,
1 I+-.
,','
m~~t
I
"I
'
l-.
01 these
4,naltj",
~pularlo~
-,
.,
..
'-""
",:,
. ..
'5~
'
" :.
In' their fund'8.mentalconaiderat ons the City Club
\
'1
53
E.
W.
Be.nnister, ~.
ctt., p. 20.
Mr. C. A.Dykstra, now President of t e University of Wisconsin, was secretary ,?fthe Club at hat time and,"was
a~t vely interested in the subject,of transport'ation.
Int .,Chapter VI.
Los'Angeles, City Club, ,BU'lletin,SUl'P ement (January 30,
=..;;.;.;
192 ), p. 2.,
"
, report
that
to.
1'." Q,l's1'clil'rIl'
~~-lea
the financlngof
possibility
eltherele~~ted
in
congestion
persons
using
linea
Angeles.
LOB
relieve
ta:\ren off
Thu..
I'
8UbW~y.18 a remote
FUrther,' rapidtranatt
I"
the streets
vehicular,
point
Eve~
If-
traffic
does'not'
..
the downtown'~rea.
or
the nwil~r,ot
the; surface
car. ,were
jOUld increase,accordingly,
Therefore"
for local
~urface
the streets,
cars,
cars,
(2) to eliminate
(3) to ~tilize
private
all
grade crossings
to the fullest
,
by using
"
right-or-ways
extent
local
eliminate
Car lines
that
of over $125,~OO,ooo,
,number of peoJle
(4) tore-:
and to
ob~tacleB to transit
services
wherever possible,
tor th~se
the existing
.'
.>
,route
linea
points
on
out
fo,l- an expen~itu're
the
~ro-
areen~~relY
, ' 5'1
' ':
Los Ang~~;ea i
t
~.
out of'll~~,With
"
'"
J"J.
.i ('iJ.;
109
,
I.'.
o~jection
advaqce~,
.
althou~
\ . "
#.
such measur",
(.
1;
V',
or.
>V',o,'ti
'.
rapid
transit
11zatlon
i1 the spring
of argqmenta against
I
thecent'~r
objections
~)
..;.
or
a, 'crys~alroads
,.
The
~
it
",'
particularly,<
,'.
at these
't,.
confer~lnce.-,
year.
....
'
At the first
conference,
electric
'--
statements
companies.
E~ectric,spoke
interests
in any movement'or
this
Corporation,
58
that
except t~at
cer-,
kind .
effect
Jlont.iu.,
sh uld be analysed
Infra,
Chapter VI. Centralization
as an obstacle to achievement.
vs. Decentralization
with
:r4.
,/1,
./
' .
~
great
care . ~~
transit
COI;:8
Qf :Cit!~'i,~~S<~b:6in't~~"'~1a"~
to free
bew
um'of monet1.'thAt1tDi1ght'
tremendous'
better
experience
to"
pavingl~'~d
state't'axe~'
.
~~ 'that
'.
.,..'
::eg:::p:::s:::~s:t:::::c:~es:u::v::s.:p::o:~l~~;~t::::.~:t:~
,
small portion
60
subways.
Th~ viewpoint
'.
approval
of these
'.'
lines
funda~
and :
.
. .
the statement
lines
"','
Then they
..
his, . in general,
'
Cooperat~on .is
encourabement
It
is
was ,t
were set
forth,
ever indic
ted.
the
co.t1ference that
Mr. J. E.
a~bert,
Improvement AsJociations,
de
I :
"Kelker"
propo~als'
method of fin~Cing
through
President
direct
setting
strenuous
of ~h~Affillaled
attac~,
fi~st
and, se'condly,
up special
on the
on the'
assessmentdis-
wer
I '
'I
objec~ion8'
'His o~jections
1.
tricts.
1".
.valu,es
'
\.
/'
8'
It will d.rain th
c Ib -!h: ~i "trl~!tl~Of!'~'~bffll5;~mi~I!~:,,~,'j;,
own~~, w!;lowill
ove
to ...the, , .. burbs'.'~:8
/w111
'
, res~lt
in de~rec
tion Of%pr6 i'!;lrt1'!ivll'6~.!:tC!0ie'~'l1ejlf!
Buslqeas
starid
ies in thelo/"tlylngI.leenflr$
,Mi:tt:i~
business a,ct vi ties will cone en ...
ed area down oinr',:'f;7.'
to
in
trat~
I
of differe~t
~ssociati6n~.
assessment
dia tricts
of streets
into
ponsible
for
!this
thiit
of sub ...
or/the
joker"
interested
the Kelker,
sewers,'
wa~ a "little
by cer~ain
same,po~',er~~
getting
providing
storm drains,
the charter
w~re made!
Mo~eover, that
Chargee
a pro~.ion
by 8;'V"~l'otner'
tnat
g;oups.
De Leu~ report
financed
Py" the
over
backwards
asserted
financ'ial
tos
that
meth~d,
giVes/state
was alsospon~ored
..
.
included
the Pacific
bus ineas
organiza
tiona
,
Eledt
., AlIso, th~y
icRailway
"
and J;'6&!-l
estate
sanction
by Itilis
same group,
! .
to this
whlc~
firms
it
'
Further'
'
62' ~I:~~~
Si~it~~t:~~~i~u:~;~S~~~i~f
N~;~r~eS~:i~~:;
~~::;;_
Dis
m~flt
tr~ cts or Out
f rence onTthe Mas~!Tr
~.
samiih1represented
Mr. Kolts, the Northwe
;i)",
objections
.
"
up
st.
ed that
"
arti.tic;"l~
;'
the
eed ot';rap'idtranslthad
'
"f'
"'1
'/
"I
than i
,~rr:~Sh~_
adequate
'i",
'
"
'we~.
"
l'
eI
been bUli~
("..
more intereste
. holdings
!'/' .
./
~;an~por":~tio'~: ,..
, 'f
Great
iaries
f.~o't that
I,
waycompanf-ea
"
These comp,nie~:would
the trUebenet1e--.
.
r .!:.J.":~
tion
'~
,,-
"
"
"Ji"
,I.
F..:
a year 'through
the
bul1dingof
why should
the cost
of these
primarily
a of 'these
We maintain
t
property o,mers. of a d
railway than there is
a department IStore or,
welfare.
A pUblic car
tl~n for the !purpose 0
thropic purpose. 64"""
In other
frd.,
cOFpanles?,
I
re,~' )ust
.
through~somemajGr
as 'any other
I '
I"
decreased
nt.
,.
I
r~.
ill.,
I
pp. 16-1,7.:
'!,I
I
!,
I
.~ .
'.
'
'
allthestree~
'i
'
, ,
Gr1elyiKol ta
'
pI;iv:~te ;-c,or- .
.
.,
op'ertltin~e~pen8.e~
r
\
~ent district8~
.'.
expenditures
(3) that
>
t~
"
"
'.
The objection
agaf.nst theel
""
..
they bring
in general,
'
vated appe~rs
"
I' '
Legitimate'
t "other
:1mportantaspect
objection.,
of financing
'.
who will
\en~~it.
This subject
studied
a later
chapter.
i "
has been
b~ ref~rred
t.o in,',
S~r
I '
The use of elevated
expedi tlng
masst~ansport'ati
achievements
sUbway'wasi completed
, mile of elevated
+ni.'~5
I'
,and
Station
to San
66
tions
the one-e~ghthr of a
',i , '
Pedro street
represent
the total
thirty
I'
years
of thought
in th1s dire?t1on.
Whatothe future
holds 1n
'j
,65
Infra,
Chapter
VI.,
.;,
1
1', ,-
\e
le'hgth
66 cos", toftbe
',H~ll stre, et, Subway
$4,000,000 for a ,'The
'9:t"i.4,126, feetl of track~e;e and 5,~OI feet of, tunnel..
SUbway 1s 2S! feet wide' ~nd 21~ feet h1gp.
,
I
I
this
respect
such",~jOr
~r
f ir_anclpg,
b
:
the
esolvlng
of .
o~L the
confll1tbetweeJ
advocat,es bfcentrallza~lon
andde~entr~l~'ZapJ
.
i
'
_.
" :
I.
-,
,,--t~'on, and curr~nt trends in! urban trarisp rtatic;"n:
,i;rhapa
I
by
the
time -a pllanforBuc~
.
and aceepted
,
I'
\.
enthusiasm
i
'
.
!,
,I
".
- ',/i
I..~
,',.
l~>
transit
f67"
ma~~"
.
may be,
'. t
'"
"-
A1l~YS~
In the .,deavor
)",,'"
Anael.l.
" ."
'"
l'ff<'"
.~.
~.
stat.s
1I
.'~
keft
fet_rmlned
'
I '
-!,.l
.'
ot ~iS
'
me~4~';
t~,e pu.bllc
numeroua
ob jectlona.
occurred a defin~t'
advancejin,euae
ot the ~e
~,
propos.~
'
lB: -'
ot bus traneportatioJi'
8llt:<'
prob~e ,
started
to grow
ti a
d~cid.dly
bltormisa
tashioll .
'
.,"
j"'
'I
,'" ~
apecirleue80t
1
there ha~
Jit*eI ~.~
The earlyladvent
The spread
".".&c
"i
and first
hall ,~~n ,
definite
~,~.
I!
'result
as hateth~
c1 e)..Op4ad
ot ~. ~
'
jr
'.
toward theuae
rtror~l.
there ,~s
",'
,:'::spon.or~
I
the proilemhaVe
through eral
'
!:'
iransportatirn.
"
solving
the Unit.d
..,.
t~i.~~&
'"
tr.n41n
>-
~'.'.
"0
, I
in Lo.
portation
, I
,r I
it
as a j1tn.t~.
IDdiY1dual ~r1Ye~lot
tn
'\'
.
"
iI
"
I' ,
;I '
t~u~
portation
,J
in Loa -Angele., t~
ba~n a pr~m1nen~one.
L ~ . ~
'I
C",oinCid~nt
with, the rapid :ri.e ott"
'..
'
"
u.e,
.~
:.
~. f
'"
l:"
'
l'
'
'.
.'
the bna
01'
.'
,;
f','
01'
<
solving the pro~l have ke~t' the .ubject betore the public.
through .everal \det_ermlned~tfor,ts.
i,
Ii'
'
'result
I'
a8
01'
"
"
'
baa been,
haye 'i;b;enwaeJlOua
objections.
.b.,
I
I,
therebao
:'
I
The, earlyladvent
1
i
Jit~.I,"BUaea
I'!
01' the",~.
ot bus tr&n8portatloD
It was unrelated to ~~
and first
atartedto
grow ~ , a decidedly
hitorm1ss
.
,
1Jl
prob~e
ta8hioa.
\
.,..
uaeof
,
it as a jitn.l~.
IDdiT1dualdrl.erlof
,
tnea.
'
,I
!
1, '
\ \ ~I
'
I
II
j1tne~ ~e.e
~p l1kt -~.
epr
rr..':~1:\,~~1q
1l'~'~,J~".t~,~!"
tu;n
I
lerious
'I
abu 1 ,which In
I
'
h1b~ter
the \18e
it
bounded' by Firat,
I
2~
"
".'
e,.,~"
.
.1nt~':,Py..~~,~ .~~!*r~c~)zr;
TU, ~oN1~
..'
pro ...
"
':
'.
the ,j1
If '"
I'
cQmpan~eswas aPFJIOYed
by
. I
1.cl,tQ";~J,'
led, to drf'~it~.cregu).,~tloJlt .
'"
ll~latl\~.
u4, bJ."
the street
otf
ot tranaportation
duplication
"
liD. with,
'
Board ot t~
Federal Qoyer.n-
./
Ii
---------------------,--~-~--__rj-i
:3 ' ~ard
4
~,
i
Ibid.,
Annual
'
.121
,
I
I I
I
!
I
~~~lrnOd!!!!.'Prep~.al.
I
'
.:;
oble o~ trau~rt.-',;
a+1
\',
'
adVanced!notle~abl".
"Motor
compan,),tor permttl to
run
'P"itOtl~:~,
ala aDd"t~
a ba
BOJ:l"rOO4.
n.o. down- .
ae"lee'
est8bll~h
fuller
aervloe.
rail
lb.
I'
'I!,
"l
'I
."
tio.
Ii'.
Peoplets)(otorbus
tram the
This application,
"
~.
'
I"
"-,
t
throughout
thel
ent~.
CltJ.[1nCludlll&
I,
sixtym!le.
'
the d~d;~~",
r~tel
oyer
II
traaa-;
Ir.
'.
a guaran~.edtitteen-,.
p~r c.n~ d,t lthe groas
r t'ran-
9,
','
"
,I'
6 "ManyApplicationa to, Serve: H~llJ'1fOod
lDlltriot,
port.tion,
I~' (Feb., 1~:S), p.: .10a. I
_.
ri.e't-.
"8
revenu.1il
, ;.
, '_"
.'
--TraAI'- ,
II, ~
,'"
E.~. Eo ard
the B~ar~ of
:-_
"
iis,
//
""'"
,I
j'
~~:jrri i 1:11.ge ot ae111ng/ttie'.,..t
k .."rr
exc~e.
to;,tiliClt;-.
_at.a.' 'B't1cl.ni~otlgOOd!
I
,{
depos~tad with
..
'he
,
'
clt,..
I.
direct
compet1tlonwith
tM
a jUt!:~e~.tr.et
. '.
I'
to eatabl1.h re~,t1q'a.
equipmeJlt, .Xpre.a..rn.o.,
cSurb 1.oid1Jij;ud.'
,r'ap1dt.~it
at lqw coat.
'!'he s"t.
\.
cOm~,. .aa
rather
thansuppl.ent
existing
'iadeed cClilprebtU18fve1n
1.
",1
..
.',,'
.ir'
"
. I'
'.
,'i~
.", ~
I ;,'
':
routea covering .
1\
the pro~aed
similar
'
JUponlea~~~
Loa ~~lea
I',
Rail.a,
' ~
ot the p"ple' s
I
ot the t11iF
.-.
ear 1~ea8
of thts~ apPl~c~~,~~n~,,.
~e \
"
~,T ---.
. _
)(~,,;bua Com~l.
\-
tne .f1~t1ng.t7~et
~di.t~l7pr.8erted
'J
tO~l
(1~1)"
.
~'a ~.i~s
pp., ~l~lI~,
'.
~ I
'
I '
iotor
au.
~'bi
"1di1iia
tieall,.
.' i
ff",.
~fs
applicat10n cal1,l
i-
'.'
Avenuebetween HollitrUiaterllbet
en 'the
..
buses ae teed.reto
While the
s1'.01-
"
between'busea
and atreet
'.
~
C'ara.
to parallel
itl
the essential
BIla COBlpaDJ
was to
intereata
as ,.et unexploited.
.'
The people'sJ(Qtor~a
"-.
ot
'Com-,
i';,,,,}
0';'::~'\\'-' .
01'
'
r-
California,
we~' "'inl,.
.'.
the sto.ckholder8
10.
fro. NewYork
.
'
_.-
""".
I
I
\l
t.ore8t.~1
"-"
bl'1Dfi.
~\
l..,.*f:.,f~if"'",
"-"_~-",1,,'
~'i4:~:y.*~t;j.~'*1ff?riA
$~
",.;...t
<
w,'
r.ec!AqCha a""'/,,J,l'l..
~:::t~;'~;;;~~~t:;<~~!"
such aftl~n.
F "Il:.
trantp~rtatlonfleld
.:
businc.~
fA~~r~Fat~1\t~~\~;"n:~,
~,~~dlf~,~l,..}
, AngolealJlotor Bu~C~~IlJ.
, tro~ otith
'~~~I
".
li~~;,~~P"n~~1"Pf!..-;i..I,;'_
tPp1j' b~d~~
l'
m:,tr
0111'-. .
!by,p~P9IJ~,,~9\\~~t\!li~'~"",
'.
In ~elr
repo t
\ :
I '
of, JI~~29.
,~~~.
the,. repOBII.ended,
tbat the t~o rallway canran1es 1nat,ft~t!J'~ntltour motor bus 11ne8~ total~nge~ghty-twol
Berve portions
portation
(.')t
serv10es.
ot at least
tltty
m1;1.e.In,l!11g~,!; to
These, ~ew"r+t.8
WOUfdrequire.~fe purcttse,
:".
,,'
'~e MajcAqC)~
concern~ env1sio"~
. ~~..,,.
::::::1:n::::~~~~::
::t.~:..::t:d~~:O:::::~~::::~~t~Ob
InCO,
'
cOIIlpJ..ete
B~.t
I,
\'l';
" "lPl,
,'V'
' \$'
'.~
.J
planned.
18
expel3diture olose to oDem11l10~. ,~,
,.,
'
, \,~',. ,
"
.'
:0-
"
.~,'
I
\
bt
by the comp&nlits.lt.
,
~
I ..
10
II
~:
:: .
1~
'
cover .
coata
'
pa1~1
1
":
by
lio,de~
t'axpayers,althouib
if .u~:
was,no a dirr~-
therefore
was 'attractive
to pri+.te
capital.
If
concerns.
n,.e rail.,
co mpani.a were, or
'1
'
filed by individuals
Kay firat.
the ame~d,1ng
or the
Ii..
",
so as to ~erm1tthe, granting-
Ume franchise
11nes.
~s
ot
'.
a lODs
':'
o~ .~
4is-
~,"
trict.
. 1
;!
I
."
13 Considerable agitatio~
for. publicly owned'blLstransportatlon aystemwaa alao being tp&Q8 at the time, but no speciric propoaals were made. \
'~:>
.1
I
I
.
man,.
s.auk.8"
I
\
'j
\'\,"'
-The\'Prsident
"
jl/li>
:,.
'~
opinion
to their
,..
i:
1:;"
-"
".
,!,
j,
:diSSal)tir
. ':
','".
'istreet
' '
~hAd~.;;"ted~,
p~po:r"tot ~#,."20,,,
'
',;, :.t
:"1
'f;"IY""~h
Ii.
:i.J:".
with".
!t'~il"''''.,
,.-
I'
(c)!
-,
"
!>t.
,
,!
(d)
,The.e statements
with the rail,
1s
linea,
and .tO~d
by
,the railroad
oonp8l11eai~
.
I
their
opposl tion.
'
Two OrganiZa~ion.,
Asaociatlonand
I;'
addltloJl&l.:JiIotO'r
I"
Oom,merc.,.~.o'aup-
issued
~ I.
'.
make good.
The
f~
resolution
pro
Ij'14 Walter R.
!
Railway ....
__--
'
, 1
.;
linea, yre~!l1ng
\that
-'
'J
\
\
15
testing
the
\,:
".
"!
Development L1ngue
.lngeles
ground that
it
PPOIJ_d~
'"
oar companie,.
i These organizations
""" ...~.
totU
j""
t.
'"
'
<',
. "'.+
. ~!
'.
f....
..
1. '\';
""
;;l ' .
~;
.. -~
c01lP&n1i
ea were strong eno
to, .wa7' ~
tide agalDJrt th.
ii'
I'
propoa\ltiona
and both were' de~.ated,!,_ '[The two iftdiV1dua18
j
withdrew thei~
their
lie
-'
,;
.,1<
.'
'ter permits.atter'
'.
TheLoii ~e1es
II
"
~ ~~.,.!"
.otor
at&com"
'"".,
'~"'.
",.
,~'
~~"'
.
.:J.
v )_,
., .f
I,
'I
.~th
granting
street
(', '
pe~sion
oars.
""~
,'"
26, an orherwas'p1~o~d
.,.'
:!
r ,
'."
''-'
to o~e~ate ~.sinconneo-
on.q
"
".J
Ut~11tles
tion
!,."
I'
pany,
"
appliratlons
.'
" '.
~ediate1y
'
, ,I;
o~:~',
would _an
I-
,: :"..,'
..~OAdOO~~~~~"e~rt
looal fa treet
Lo.
it "
,.,.
.'
by'that
to o~erate
over rout
f'
Avenue across
'was 1a1-ge1y ot
.i sUPPlement~ry 'n.ture
011') thejee~toe,
However, it l'OlIDded
'servloe
16
"
exis'tins
rurre!WIg
I heretorore
in mant di~10D8,
l1ilea .
u~~t~-d~te, r t
wtth 'iudequate
'service.,
'I
15
to~ the
"
------
17' U~1~8d
'''Trattic
k'
.. \
and ..
,~
,I
'/',',
n8~rt.tl.0*''',!lect~."
", ,
ila
'
'l!l:
tl,'!!,I
,
"lQ85"
JoUrial,
II ',,"
('" ,g. 1nft)
va , , p
,,"/1'ol1&e.'
~'" 11.' m
1.:...,to
,,_So> ' ;
b. re,'parated wa,l the 11:11,. tro. d'~toLo.
~,
...~.': -vv.f",
, .an401t.e Stre.,t. throur HO~~1'f<)Od
, 0 Laurell~IlP'1~,~
"
--suM.,
1'
.\
"<:
:SOUl.yard. "
,~.
'
I
.
/
17;"
,','
l;l(;llL24:
"
' ,
B,. tocuaiDi
1.
ot tbe co_~t~
the,tattention
u,1?~Il:t~~~ilr~~~.,~r
1
eo-pet! Uon to ,tilll,.xtIUDi!1
by tpre. tenlq
'
The
aolIO,oni; .'\t.t1alh
~t~
J'.1'. prOpo.al.
.
.otiv~t~~
I
were purelt
'
'{
-"
'
"t
"
\.
" ,~
,.",."'\
1>'t.~
;,
,,'
18
;~.
.;.:~
p~-
It waa.larg.17 a period
l'
. ;/.
~.
'-,
...!'
Ii
way companies.
"
, .-
by means ot the.ctorbua.
:!.
was
agala . _d.
,
.
Municipal EUaesPJiOpoaedIt35-1~M
~'.
'tl
pftttt10ns.
operation ot .,tor
bus on ,
certain
downtownatreets,
18
tortbe.u8e'
,
drafting
dealt with the propoaed
'.
r
.
,',
III Novemberotl928
a IIr. Charles A. Palmer of, 1,0."ADsele.
had written to the
asking tor a twen~y-,..ar tran~h1ae
to' oPerate buses throughout the Oit1 otLos Angelaa on a
5-cent tare basll~
'!'her~HN-~.t~a:re(e~~ed to '!,M" "
aoard otPublic Ut111ties, wh1,ohpoiD-,t.dout ,tl-t ~.
J!O&~
,,8.S . l'thOut power to "rant qth.r than a 7earl,. .p.nm ..
,. ~
'that alao th.re was a cer~at~ area down,town in eich bUs,
,
.
't:.
-";":''''.i:-60ted
_-A
that
A
eblilar
request
bad
be.n
~oted
are DO pe..
.- ,~
'"'1: ,
'th
t
the
upon by the people andreje,t'ed in 1923, ere ore,
Board' could!not g,rant the pendt
'-,.01'
.,
"
rate ..organIsatIon,
'I'
,.
"'
or
1fholeheartedlYi lome
its ~e.be~a
2.
being' .emb~raof
"'~~'
of
"
the Obj~ctlon8
'
lAunohed
,~
'wt:e
.J'
Anderson, President
or
..
. '
~.
<'
'
'auppo.rt1ng proposition
'tion to nUlIIbertwo.
26
,-<
e0l181derable space to
'
~.. .
:D.WIlber
one,1was re8o,lute in hia oppoai-
!,
In additio~,
, I
WhO theap
'-
I,S,
_j
","
'
~nd ,t
,;.
,4
, '
two ot
.any
organization.
oPpOSed~
!
Tworather
detaU.d
pin
tbe
01'
,(
ot t~
Cen~ral Bu.~e.s
plfln.
'w
I
,
t/&..tu.,
bl~~m
.~
'
2~"
'4D8
ii,
"
to -.ate aa
conclual1)Il"that the
COll-
, templated orlg1na11nvestm8nt
.."
I,
:.
dol1a1'8 as coa-
I'
ot .l2,286,8go.:Ala01;~
'
r,
estimated a't1pre'
I,.
,,'-
'
S:"
Koreover, t
traffic
t Intolerable
would result
It
'2,883
~p~lon
and congestloRC~
26
<+C:II:
T:::""-r.!~ ,~
&IJ ...~
!j!~Cltl
27
:~,~"'1("""
cpt"lho1
Loa
- .~.,
,.Q
I"
_.~tal.l-
~ ~
"'.
", , '."])
~.,
l'
01'
..'
~l",n:pi.lP'
.. .. e1',
ltil ~ 'a '
, ' a~
e ' . ,tCG~lt~
e rrOD -,t
'~'i,J.1
~
cgt ,I"Err
.
ie . In
"
.....
tar.~oo low.
'
'.
a th01"OU.&h
t sibll1t,.
'il .
CowiCIlitit.,,~
a- 0i1lfl;
!b.eLos AnlelesOit,
,r.
I.
tor
'
'....
',.L
p. 68.'
~'
,',
1v
.<a':
'"
28
<f
needed ~s
~;
they polled
"i'
"I
"
.0.
~ '.
eXPlie
: thq
another
1,
,';
414.
elect10n ot l~~,
~.
1n haVing
of 1937.
, ot the proposal
loe Aa~lea
.'
_t t tall
'~
,
';!
'
:;,
,,
aoo~t
'
ADaelea,
e~~~;op.,!~:~
a~~w.
~~tter8
as_". at
_.,
,t~;
"'7
tbeplaC1q
ot protea t .ere
"
I,:
prop
C01Jfl~~l_ the
.e,~1'"
.~
The~began 1ame41a~~,lJ"to
on the ball~t
10~.Ul
160',010
KUlDfll'Ou:objaF1ona ,re
Traffic
I~O
.opl. ot Loa
i ~8 Ibid.,
:t;P.OJl!1~',
J"
"~
passIm,.,
',:
JI
'>" \.
t
2g , 1&. Baker, ot cour.e", !.e~s~zed
the n.ed in reterence
,0,
!
'1ibe,;ldo,..t-ewn bu1ne~.'jd%a~1!1,t. The 11Ub1io Utllit7 B9ar4
.'/'
report ,avoided this a~pe.l.::
,
'A'~"
''
It'
""~
. [ ~O:<Lo~ b
31
'Co~e"
im~IlO'e
0,_ ~
, ~;ti'gele'CftiCIirk~
'i'
.'
'oJ
\,r,
'...~
'"
'
\.,
"':
'to.
-as tQJlo.sl".,
,.
'
did succeed
~,~t.~l.~~t
Yes:
.0 :
at the lapring
w1th ata~l,.
as .rl~l.
.1
"
106~1~O
Bo:
l50,~ .
LeagUe;,Denrthileaa,
~n~'
,Tbe lII1n1o~pal~
j\.,
"
'~i<~
Yes I
-,' election
it
Propos1t10n
J:
to
.,''1,
&ole :I:'
"til_
. ,1
ag1tate
0;:
app,1'!"ohto,~
29
a IliON tedUlental,
ot transportatl0..
,Ill
~t"'a eI"~U~~~~
~ob'~14!r~~t\.,,~~~~;ai\:'"
j
ii
altea.
'lnls,i"lr1t
ceived ~Cdlpal
',\
i'
I
sai~. 'Z'
,;g&1,,,,,
185.809
aDd. 99
"
the pNsen~,
.,the .ctor
.~.'1"fot'..
there
bus as asolut1o.n
"ti>l~1
The proposal
or
l1l'ith. ele.lI*.lilp'tt!\lltiu
Dre unan1~.
!he p1
(jUlt
, ,
'
\t
The eftort
attempt,1n
tor
profit.
Th1a time ~e
in that
.~
":
1t .
"
~.
pro-
DOt
<"';
>
-.:teriD& ..the",~
bu.11I!,
.
"
aCC\l8ed w1~e~l ot
sponaOfs,although
being political
promoters.
were -.in1l
I
i disgusted
, firmly
1n the theory
,transporta~i~n
'(
ii"
1'aci11tl~s.~~~11.Ved
of DI1Il1cipal,ownership,
atreet
car a. a means
: determined
attempt.or
of
'
. \not
:trange
that
the
'.'
mal18 transport.t1oll.'
.
,
a group-ot~a~ento
proTidug'
rs
'plan
ii'
-J
cause
i'
'
.f
"
It was a .
~ol"'~
,~r~p~~t.~10D,
sources.
"
~t.
and whobe~l.ved
:.
",
bac~,,I~
.
'
"
__
I.
'.
co.~,~1dered111-adVl~~f~:r'~T
,.
.'
I '
\
I:
1'
;.: a::a~:~:::t::na::a~~at:~:r~~~i~~~~~~~:~-:
~,!'1nanc1~l
innatmentib01Y~t~l;expa~~
'*" ~.~~.
I
~ . _:~
I'
!
~1;ruggle1 Thi.
waa ma~ahall.d
.turr~~
<
t. .~J
I...
t~c, ~t,
against
r'"
,'j,
. ....
!I
~",
1.
'1:',
I,t
.~
....
80
I
.
or Le .J,salaa,Jna_.
tratt1c ditticultia.
'.Dd
"
..,
,I
.,.ny
','
'f>
PUbl~~.v:~1a~?
lIo~ona' ,
I:"
~1~~,~:
t,;, ~
'wid. variety' ot
<,
dox na~e.
8lt thi.
uio-
~.D
ot." u .
cont1~ty
+s bl'Ok.J ~ 19M
tbe'
~"':I"
j.
.
Automobi~eClub o~ SOU:hem C~lit,rD1a pib~1ahed 1t'. r.pe' '
j.
.l
"'1(.&4.
time, a propo j
.1.
.'
1&,
I
;h1ghnyaon
1,
'
arid
which autos
33
DetwoJ,'-k, .~
."_
,'toi _,
~r~t.
: '~.-
or
'
;.ta't".
.,~orway.i'
.
' '
, jupper l.yela
,
.. '
I",
"
at
~J l18anaot
'
'whi.ch, "
,j'
"
.treeta.
)~.veral floors
, I',
Th e moto+a,.
'
'~tloor.
JIlOuld be-used.
tor
o,ttice
. : ~.
,.'
~ent .~ ,~'
!
..!
,~
.. \
..
'
ankt:atore
.~,
Ii
r'
buH.d1ngaw~ld p~rlcl.
'
while the r
f,1oo1"'
.~.ce
i
'1'ac
1Dd.~ot
Int_
tbe
bu.,.
1J.va~o1'8'"''git.e ,ace s to
~ .
",
ra-dl
UU td
~
c~prehen.l'"
"o'tor~.e~
'
The plan .s
;portation.
or
".r
lrmoYation ailo~t~lar:l.
..
which , i 1Dd 4, .
ott1o '1a;tb
~ild1ng
trlet
and.to .torea
.....
':~rff!:~i~1.";,
belo ;<R1~t:!,~~.~7:~it-~~"
\he
Ii'
';"'+'
I .
."
,J
,-
',,'.
~w .
.0tOl'~,.
oper,tl0.nwou.t~ be ~~t~~14,
b,
01',1' the;!h1~~~.
I~t
1011' ,vi
diat~1ct.wOu
r~
. [
aep~rat~4
I OJ a
traffic
01'
I"
other reCOJllllendatloJ}l'
call~d tor t~
i
01'
'
curb parking
01'
streets
the cOJlq)~eteeliminat10n
,and the rstabllabDlentmeans 01':
,last
DlUS
01'
"'\'
complete al1JD.in.tioD
'y
i!"
all a~reetcarr
0'1'
a :tro~11tan
t'",naportation
:;"
f ' ~"'
i..
l;
bJ SJ;'ad'ual ~.;~
but
'.1Japt" atatsd~llIld
"
: .
:
!'"
war
IlO
detat~.~,;e
'
i
.
stated !that pe~,~l.
!~ea
: tc>!,' the jao toraa"a, outside otthe /'W' 1n~.. ~j,.t~~.~ ~ld"
:~.2~oOO,<f0 per 'a11e,Whl1~ t~. cort of th~~to~r~i;f~.~
I
:
i'
I 1'1ltell ~uld
.'
net~rk
-I..
"
'
1~
:"!J
the
.',
Nole~ct a1\e,4lse,.~~
.'
.
4QOaJ,~" . S ~. an eo~1IIat ~
be
nece.~a~1a
!ment1oned.
Ar
....
two recoBUIDde,tionaera
i'
~~-~~,~
t;
,and tre$s.
I'"
t'Jl~t'~~.-h'2
~'
'
separate lanes
lue.
b)1'
1 .h~lf or\th1.
"', ' '...,',. ..;~ ~-,
"l!~t
Jaileage. are
I
I
, ! billion.
I'
.,
Ci,
.,/~
"'~,
.~~~:J."""'."~"tl
:',''.,
thi. ~et1nanCi.~
j"
'
'
"
,I
"1
Theae aav~.
"!'
,.in
~ul:_t~~\ilt
"
: and .tartlng
o.t oar.,
the .11m1nafiQa,o.ttbouaaDda,ot'''~9,~.,t.
with their
; .tabilizingot
.t.t-
,'.
'
I
be_,it'
"
"
.'.
t. ~o.t e~itablt
the distribUtion
"~J1I:
.~l!
partie,bene~i
The re'lO.
. ::.:::t::~.:::t~::~:::r.
o:t>::::;:::],':'::~~al.J
,
'
.'
"
',"
.'
\ po~al
: I35
,1
"
36'
w1l~ be .~~.~.
"
r.
:" (';fj"\
{
..,.,,;'
"
"
"~,
,"4 ~'C}
LJ),tI
'
"
Wlt~l~11&01
't;f'tJ%
"
'!l
;:
t .
II"
!
i!
t!.'-~.,'
Mr.'Baat,
,,"o~,Uwa ~,~
'41a" L"'
~Gtthe
I
,
>~"
".
:...;..
'". ~
\,
.*S8"
,.harea
v
. ///
,/v'
<,
i~~h\r,e~~,o\~
e"'.'Jr!".t ".Le
1i~.
,pr-..ll.' tU..r~-o
.",J.'~
bul.
",.'
.! :."
. i
, the,. project
I,
",
OR
, bJ J,950.
>'
.-eL:
>
\i
:)
'
I,
"
t ~~ -,aU}
As reearda the}a4Ji.iDl+tratlonr;
'
thi.
network
it
'\,
',~opoa.d\that
a K,tropolltan
)(ototwa"1'Au,r,~t,. ,be~,.~
~tili1.'." ,
uthor1t"I 14 ba
.
",,\1
"I" ",'
f."
"~. ,"'"
'.,,,1'....
nl1l!lli,
dea for'a
number of,years.
~"
4'"
-'\
Dr.
I
~he
31,!
.'
Ktcl1ntoek,
"
'."P"'-'1JI'-::1:' ", \,
;.
As a-tated pr.vioualy,
iller
,,,I,~'
The\
!
"
r.""
!UP'
i
orgaJll,zatione
~Vi"\
In cpntrast
,
deoeatralt"zatiOll.j
r
I'
,I
l!'
bUS~nes8:and realdenti-1
f1
I.
interests
'
,,38
inhabitants.
"
I
thatbotbl
, natural
'be ,aoit1oEi,eo,trio'
39
position;.' "
',,'
III
,',
. '
,:."
tlteSir' ,.1
'"
..(
)'.
of dollars
Apot~r tJrty
;,
other 'l~rtant
,
the pIa
'r~-
",
':.'
"
.'
,I
i'
':
I;:
,,\
f"
,'.
_'
,_'
'I
nChan'.,~~~.,.
.I
"
I'
'local -traffic ~q
,
outr1ght,
I
to te1'
j ,
wll1iDinea~tOd.~l
,,',,'
t tai~ prios.
..
."
.'
,"
'.
'
',
'
..
...
'.'
tl11Jig.
~Pol"c.
,
,the~e 1
- .
~1'1;'"...
or "fort)'
'
~dm1t, however, ~t
J;a"~dot~pi-Oild1iig.~r.'8~'lligb:
a'1
,
,"
,'"
,_,
,"
8~
.'
....
,.
'
," I
)
the&n8wer.40' ,
1), I ~
mntual17~1.~t~~.h~~::J:h
, "
approval.
i,
proposal, it i. the
";
~..(
-.~
, i
!
I
""'4"
a ateerins,
ooa'+
fUture.
,-
"
be made.
,",
that their
the 'c01llllWli
tl,
~'t,
l~"'~'
k'
-J-
believes
plana will
committe.-at'large:'11l
,!
~!.''. lj;{
"t,.; ',;1
d ' ~,~;~jj';:
1),tJ1!',*
acheme 1s In\1iUne
, , 1
'StulD&~
;
.1
been neglected by tho.~ whO . oild
I'
,4
,.
':'
i'.
Aage+e ,
. j'
In 1923, 19:5~, aad 193'7. opportuJ2j,tle. have b~eD. given the p,ople,
" ~
to decide
I wide baa1..
it
the,.
.'.
8. ,1
.~s:)
'Curr6ntll,
of LOa~ele.
a prOminent
"",:l
ot ~.
'.
,-
looal
,-II'
~.1
.i.,).~'
ot,
trauportat1oll
r
"
"",'-Ii
ors.-nJ.at1on
OD
has
,in:_I.t:ranap()r~at~oD a. _tor
!'~
a c1t,.-::
:
.~ell,
00"011
'
I .
:;:=t-::c::::~~::1zt::onihJ.::::::t:':':r:4'
"'f',-ol,.)l
l
l
. ~
is bound up with th~ motor yehlel., Qd who, Y.rJ: U.~~llt.,
;,
lit.
1.
.~"
,},-
".'
' .!
amp1:r
\ta~~
,:/,
"I".
" :
f
operat1n~ re~enue.
J
.'.
...
.,..teal
'i!i\~~tniifl:"~:'
".'H, tC'i
'.
!'
,'..,
c.r::' 'o~DJ
".
t' '."1...1
"".1-
"'\(
,~'
;,'
~t~UI.
,,'
"
-\f ~
4,',
'~","
groups ~o believe
particular
difficult
needs.
",
\:~
"'1:.
. ~
'l
'S-
'f
"",.,jl;
/.-
,(
'.
','
"1
:rr- ..
to the lo~~~..
I ~
car line..
;+
i '1
!l"~').
I .
i'
tli"
.,~,.
t~~ I
(j
~I
'~t
'Ie
('I ~i
i.l;;t
oi Pli~posk" : .. "1<;t
'
';
j!'
f,.
t~~r
"t~
. "!'
..
,~.
".'
'~.l.a'.r~a<..
fte.~\\ et'toP-tjlll
:
'1;
.
.'
.' ~
~ong iper1.od dt- t1ae,' ~" bay.' b+.n~or: . j'
po~tation'taoilitle8
In the Loa
\..
':'(
'.:
I..
.el~-
t,
po s~b~lit~.a~ot
i,
;P'
"
'
; .
bav' "1',
' ohleY.ent.are
ex1at1ng\local tr~8portat1on
.
are oper,ting
1
:',.
'
.:;'.
'I
'
'.
-~(
. \
Ie ,
'.
the mainjtranspOrtation
',>
.:
:,',
sltt1ia-!,
,.
negliglble;
a~e~ide~.
\',
-,
of thia sltuation,
';~",
~~
,I
II
:.:"
1i,J ".I':.S9.
.., "."~~
z
FinuciD&
!-
!.!. !!!Obat~ol.\
..
whioh ~s
h&elea has't,ced
ot tinancing.
I
..i
-.
...
;
.i
I~r
.~,
tacilitl
',!
",
'"
:~.
.I
'it
ot the.e COltS.
}'
.a
.. :
.IUlU,
variation
plana propo
I:
ii'
~rObl"_haS :"e~ ~t
.'
1ll
ba.
,..-' \:.~r
specul.tlve
..
sufficlent
profits.
wno' re
..
\
the basls ot pro.p,,~;~v~.
to .ttract
.,.t.. ,
.to ~!,~':itf.,;(:.)~
capital.on
I'
'
..
~e:"!i~ed
~
.. {
~; -!
., ~
.
.1
o1',p,rlvate
t1aaneitlg ot moderR<1~.d
.
. .'
As to the difficultie.
railwa,. :trin8portatloll~
.,
.'
o~*.lnl"
.
!.
[
Itha8;.:jlODg_
bee. recogniz~~/.that
ot tbe nation.
.\
.,
I
I
. i . .
. "
I.
;
I
.
'II .
I .
:\
PROPOS!P COSTS
k
~'
~..
KO<1.ra1zat1onot,~~ui~.n~
ot
Loa.ADaele RallWffqorpOr,ation
\'I,!
1',1
. -, I
."
.:
'-
. Subwa,..
and
.Ele"ateds
Pll~.,.l
'I
. I
2.
~k.r
eet1ll8te,
.
1~33
'
!
l'.'
'.
;f92~;2.
KaeAdoo Proposal,
2.
,1937
r935,
,:1
i:-
.:
;1,. -
_'r
..
',
,,'
i .... ';
..:
L
i ...._
.: .' .
....
._
"
.".
"
The addition
tit
cai-I'ti\
I~'
'
~ ~
i. :
1.
.1
. " I :~l
D~;'~.
~lk.l',
.1l88d8,
"
,, ,Ii
,I
.1.
j'
-.
\
(
. '1"'11',
~i
.uthor1t1es
in'.:i l1
'
, ' I
though,
"
reatl,.,
ccurred.
'
'.
ti
,
.
' \
'l.t.:~
,.
when the,. camedid not' rem'ed,.the ai tuat'i~lit' .
~.
flexible
t'~ 'a'n
I
I
I
i'
esult1ng 1ntinanc1al
weaknea~a~on dis'cJrai.d
"
ot electric
the'" field'
'1nYest~r.l't~~.
'
.treet'
ra1lwa,.boM8.
.'
J t.
1d:'lch
,i
Ii.
;.
tan-
!t
1I
. .
Unsoundtilnancial practioes
,ing of cilpltal
Li!ttle~t
structures.
.'1
I.'
thalt aterest
the
~nded d-.bt was
retIred,
"l
.
I~ .
I.,
:'.
'
'
p.,..ents accum.ulated
I'
"
-' ..
De~lationary
Ile~hods'.ere
Tlgorousl,.
.
I
.
1"
~
1;.heirfinancial
this effort
I,
difficulties
I!
thirty per,.,cent
,)
..
~T
~;
. c-;:r 'I
wag~/cU~.. .
,."
'
I'
.1'
" .'.,
en reqne.ted1to ~ernlze
1tj
'I
p.
111.! Lc;."iii;~~.~,'i~!~ii';:7
,"ii'
e i,are se11~
! \
I'
;.-
\.:
their
'4$
, '(.l
. e~1Jl11lent:
,J.I!
lltatemeptli baYelbe~
proportion
made to
ot Ist"t~i'pa.lhg,
~lU,
tb"' .ttecli'tlalii
it
"Ildff~oid."ta.i
'
line ttFnl~ing
~
'
to be unable to provlde'the
As already1reterredto,
excUBeto-torest.l~
,annually.
''
trans-
.~lo.thia
'
been ordered.
'had to be tinanced
6
resulted
"
has
<:
1~.3'
:.
8:
'I
"
still
in ob.Glet~ e~iPment.
"
laapp.r-e~tl,.
I
aailwa,. Corporation
'I"
;.
The Lo.lDg;]l~.,
,
IMk1n.g.Ire.l
. it",~
"
.
....
t~oi':lett
J'
1" 'I
I,'
.,
,'1. .,;
., .',
"
l<";
of'''',
i;J
r. ' I
'!
,.:',
to obe,. tha demands ot public !bod~es. Even this ettort". how er:'
-.
. "
.
,.,!.
Ii','." ",
,,\I>j
~J~:;,-'
11 insufficient
to bring abou~ ad.quat ' transpor'tatio!i'1Jl
,
apparently,
' ..
Los ~eles
ii'
.'
too Angoleo.
d:l~1"y
o.t~d)r8at:r
, l,
t ,:
rI
':'P'l."';i
OU:lar., ,~..
" "".'
.,.
"
:,
.,
<ft'
'I,
.;:
,:\ .
~,
elevated ral1ways.
+'
r.'
-- .
:"
I,.
,..
t~
. ~,
'
) " ..,1
, ollars.
These sums are 1nd-..d c0.1os.al,
And, serYe notic,. t~t.
I
'
~
lauch transportation
taclli ties are:' tremendousl~-costly.
An.
/,f
-','
iff
lcoatflgure
ff
propo~tion,
d,'
!
i!the'Amerlcan,Electr1c Rallay
I
1
I
'1
11
.. '
~ssopiation.
;:
' .'
'
"
.:.
~.
O,Jl
at 18 ,.ear".
,'.
. Blanchard, 2,2,
III
ill, p. 5.!
.I
,'
. .
l~:,...
i
i
i
i
>0
.(
i'
I
!'
t; ~,'
ot ,nte~~1s e.
Th1af\le~;~a~~.fln~,o~
~~~;g:~r~,~\~i
,~1c~
even
~t
hibitivi
"
pl~ce.
~~Ic~~t ba~b~~~)~O .
Philadelphia
~o other c1ties
I'
"
.'
Ing be1~
vi
. i'i
'
'.,
.!
handled~
'i ,
too severe.
r
I
i ~
"
"
Iyatem'hould
be;
-4!f!"
be
great as to di,couragelthe
I
80
i '
'
rIding h~bit.
I'
",r'
"
,principle
I,
1'"
and
the,
"
be eq~ltabl,.
,J
the
,
diatributed
,
'
I'
'I!"
,:
I.!",
I"
'
apportibned
Ii'
this prospective:
'
I.
~e
"K~lker P}~" .
aevent,.-tive
per
'
coa~ as foll~ws:
'
~.
I'
I!
aDd
~
,
12
. ,I
,~ . I"
'mahchird,
13l.1~81'
,D.
",
().!>.. cit., p.
i {!I.
.1
2'".\\ '
ruw Report,~.
!
I
I
~t..
i
I'
I..
\
p. 17'1.
~; it wo~i~
I.'
Thlo plan
.r(~f~f
l'80.gn,tfelt'J'1li'!J.P1~.<R('!4~~
have at various
1108t
Olmers along
The average
ot
'..
taxpayer,
'\P~i~(~."i!MI""
'
to r~'
appO'rtlonments
~ve
,'~. '.
the general
\il',t"t:~:p~4r~~;~,
-.
~.n.ral.l"
!,
...
'
'f~,$~~.~
on~-::~~~}~'t
l)
i;'-"
taxpayer.
'
benefitted
.
,.
..
. The experience.
: -.
!;'i.
)j'
two obatacles
the city
to this
had
seriously
used up its
80
to consider
.'
predftl1mltations
!
.,
borrowing
~nds
;"'j:"'1
ot those local1;tiea
assessment
16
pushed.
it
to h~tp provide
of funds.
, !..
the matter
"
to~
the
cost ot
.
'I
.-
"1
'
the aots!_
lower) iatereat
.,!
.~.~
,.;,
/1
rates
. 'j1"
/"
obt~l~ble
.
/,'
Econom1'C'8
'S!!..R~pi.".
,/
up
which ~t
:1
i
,
ot
Ii
'
16
Govern-
theW.f.A.
the requirements
the
!:<> ..
ll5
Second1,..,.,
. .. 1:
unable
W'8
':.!
~ent established
.
was that
.l'~'
that
di8trictsVwa's[' 80 strenuous
A new source
construction
The tinst
, /i
"\~
/_
~~1~;~t~~~~~*::~~~;;;~~=~:S
'. i"' '
;&1
~,.,
t ~_'Cl111~ilt"8f:AIII"Jl."-~
,,to ./1
boJid8~8
"{5JSi'$'I!;~7l. f'""i_.c;l~4 .:.bf~lk)D4.'."1"l$$,754.!1. t
\,
'tita, .s {~t't;;IUe~~Iitl.
";':~~'.~;~
~~!>,e-'
: g,~>.,~,~,;,~~\~,r
~~I;-:i>:'hf'5:_":s{: ?l';/~T~'
,f
~",
..
'/'
//'
'1(;
. *
""\
-v'
/
'
?
/
.-
'also
toward a solution
Gt .'t~pr0~i"'i
.:,
of her credit,
Itwould
stil~
','
, '
',",'
"
..
"
~f
tures.
that
l
I
l(om past experiencen
thlauQh a~~~Pts,
it lIO~-i<t.'~i.'e.
I
'.
IS'
opp~sition
mtght, arise which.)'.i woulddl,courage' sllco.a,I.>-,
I
ii'
-I
.:
~
From the
standpoint
of . otorwalll!
'-1 .
,
; i
ot expen~e involv.d
-,
the proposal
to b~ild
metropolitan
mileage ,uggeated
i8 considered.
fi~t,
dollars
,
templation,
'of fact,
a mil~,is,
-,
.veri in this
the
,.
if the'oomplete
IFour hun~redml1el;ot
II
for constructIon,
motor-
1;
ind~ed, a colossal
con-
A's a m.tte~,
. I
I
make a practical
approach.
I~: is
. 1
conscious
of the 'need to .
could
be executed
consider
I)
J. r cent
.,
proposal to compo
~etel, revise
and modernize te entire.'
local tran8Po~ation
s1st.
Of.I'Chi;cagocalls for ..expendi.tun ......
_
ot approximate .., $60,000~OOOb 't~e public (exclusive of app;roximately, $00,00,000
b,. prIi'fat~ interests).
Th~8e~p~idttur.~
. will requtre' no levying of! ta s or special< a~8~8~~nt.i~.
. .
SOUPCCjt8
otpubllc.
funds e;v~1la le for the ~proveJl1~nt~ .re~
Feder.land'State
Road tu~8, ,ook Count,. RO~~ ,~d., ~~lC
Workl Admlniatrati6n,Wo~~
p11'grell8 Ad1I1iniatrat,ion, 01 1 .
Tr.a.
~.'tion.. Fu.'.nd'.'..~;COIlP.~8atioP. frim.,.'P'n.lfied,compan.
1,. ,KotO:!!'.
FU 1
and'Vehlcl.'Ta
rums. Ch~cag1 j J(~l([ .K~l:I'a f~~. tyr, .!. .
:(J'_r.i.'~fvejran!portat19n
s stem . aS7)..
.
1i
Intervie. W1th
Chief .l~1181n~erkast of the Automobile Club
:of Southern Californ1a.
1
'
,
,,'
j'.
--
Details
,,'
..:
I z'
<
1.,
~n.rta:
..
..'
'8'O"~.atha'tl,~';We t~.;:ti:ii.ral,"
.\ ~~
'
,',
I
~
,~'r~t."l~.,
, "~
principte
agenc1e~.
In addition.
benefic;iary,
tu,~ai at ,~'laal~a,.~~.u~.
>:,
~
i,
V._~;)~
IIILjq~".co~~,
ho,ev:,~.
,~t}~'
..
~.,,\
,':'
",,!f;f,
,'-
,."..,<f~
the~mQto,r,,
!il,!';";.ll"
iThis particular
:. "';' '. .
Beautiful,
facilities
.t.
the stabilization
oceur.
.'
aS8e~smeJ'ltdist~~cts.
tranap~rtation
'which ~ill
'" "t
at tb.,.,cUt. ""ai!
or-
~_.
, because !
<,'j
'.
m04~rn.pe~Dent,
will,
'.
an~.conYenient
. ""
.. '
l.
",
'. !
'.'.
; b& a p~rmanent answer to this' prOblemof !propert,. valuea . ConseqUently, the adjacent distriet:aDould
of the 'coat.
.<, >II'
,"",.~.
..1-.
stand ,th.elargii!i:J'portlon
!.
to be consld~red as
i~' AutO~b1i.1'>
{l
.. 11
pr;-
jams.
'
'
expensive
;0.0
greater
,It a praotical
,"
.'
tlle tinancl.al
i
'#!
bility
better
can be financed
','
This ls attrIbutable
aside
ont~is
at all,
, ~.
basis.
Il ~-
transit
cast
translt'.
ot'
l
. .J,.
p08sibill~ies
whioh"
ot Buses
co,t
There is a large
contrast
finance
financ.
bus proposals.
to
;p
r.qui~ed
recent
financial
estimate
000 does'not.seem
other
costs
overlylarg.
f~r,rapid
Nevertheles,s,
21
dollars,
21
possibly
twenty-tour
Estimate
syatem.
,!
~t
'I,
IB other word.,
,
, ~-
fPubllc!utllltte.
not
bu ,..~e .ad .a
the clty-o.ed
..,,,.
'
tor a~ltl-w1d.,bD'
ot,Boardo
1b!l:ltI.-1a~' D 1.rabl11tI ~!.
,report on Feaa11, .;::::;:, -:--,,
"
,'8~.
Munic1Ral
with
a1l~lon
"
I'
.
iih t Bo..AiS ".
sl~gan8: nBU.~'.,W i au
~,.
"
In re~tloe
jne ofthelr
,
~tconsidered
transit.
seventeen"
1. a h~,
impossible.
,'s,
. '
\
8II~'~'P. 1'1
I,
'
':
would be' required
fUJ1ds'
mean"';'s't
'l~3
~'
:'
i
I
I
....
"-..
'11'1
~.i's,ale
'
ot:, '.cu~t1:.".
:::::::t~Ul~:t1::e:::::::'~::1~:t:~'1;:tt~::.::tc::n
I
by the city
out of 'general
eXPenditurea--the
I"
\":
"
i\t'~
~"l~~'\i
.~
,,~.
Wh~Chcalled
~o; a,tenpe'r.
periods
of from five
to seven ye~:~. 22
"tn.
cent down'pa~erit,
balance
'
'
'"
The 8ec~rtddlu~'e'ot'ib~M'\'t1.
" ...
i"\J
, low capital
outl~y
was that
I;
fleet
and. error
:_.,
experience
._,
<.,
'
eiperfmeritat10'n
'.the - entire
of buses
coat
:'
, , .
!",
possibility
$1,500,000
in the proposal
to $3,000,000
highly' q~estionable
'
an " outlay,
secure
Nothwithe tanding
'
It'ia
the 8Up'pOr.~!
,'of the citizens.
thi8aJpar~:nt
j
is onl,. a delusion
,~,i':,
,II"
tem, it
..
.
, "
,:
but
a mbdera:tebotid
could probably
,',
to spe.nd an initial
,i
that
such a city-ride
II :
I
!
22 ' In'1tlative'
p:etltion
propdsltl:0n
.
I,
Election,
May 7, 1935.
!"
23
No.1,I
'.
cit.,
'Tt' .2R..~OOO
l
i
i
i
!
1" ~,
",
bUs
wilthout
~h'\'o~~po;;ti~,ta~""h:~:to-
~.
I"
r~~~.Public' U~111tle.~'Bureau
>\',
highly .r"'ataatio
tha" o1t~~~dal~:
:.
of
ser-
24"
rail
1<
street
I'
of NewYork, whOi.
I'ome anl ot
I.
ear:f.oMPanr, .h1eh~h.dee ~
asy.te
IDcial protec~iCl)Jlt'or"the
lines.
sition.
This return
is to be ba~'edon
'.
~ropertiea,
obs'leacence"
~osl~ble .
evaluation ot .x1at-l~
'1\
i.
factor ot-s7ate.
would be glve~i~jorconc~rr
in thil.ev.aluation .
I
As a result
ot, ~his~gre~en~,.
~
~~~hW~lf
. '.
guarantee,lacometo
I'
ais experience
, .too de_nding,
justified.
..then the
clty
i 8hOfld.ent~rlint"
car" cem~,.
,was,
open.competlt1.oa.:
linea.
i<,..
I.
be-'
brought: to~
'
'teI"lU. 2~
:'
'.'
t~ansportatiOIlj~~t.
.
not .xcet~ivtlY
i
I..
-.
I
'"
'~
t:'
'j.
'~
.
'.
.0.:
rt
t
1d
wou. appear
~~
to be
'\
\
,\
r\
. t
'.
II
'.
4.0' \lIa
Transportation Facilitie.,
.
J0Dt' Ba1?-er, . ReadjU8 t...-c(... e aad July 119~8), pp. 6-7, 167-171.
Public Jlanagement, xx "-\
"
,\
'
24
25
\
i
"
"1
I,',
'Z
<.'
t:'r"
:! !
I
-./
the proposal,
.'
l' '
l;'. J
'l:
"
to handle it
0~"~.t~r;;;;2
..
tran.it
. ,t" ~ ~
the communltyisun1ted
'1;
~ '"
l)i<,
'~1
beh1~dthe proposltl~n .
I'
as
obstacle
i8 nea~lJ~"
the financial
el1minated, 1t ls certain
as a basic. conflict
l1and~o.p'. ere
be re,tarbd";as'" lona .
.'
gardt"D.gthe solution
vi~.l
..
'-1'
&
otthet>-ru. '"<
~'he nature
of this disco~
.
'mote their
others.
and' jus.,t
".
&'8
and .pro.
.t~nuoU'8i.7. 'oppue
the Anti~Elevat~d
'~~'h
lS2);liJS
vs. Centraliz~tlon,
~.
and reaehea1ato
'.
~"
,.
>.II'
~'I
*k
::<,:
'
#'
,ow,J
t;;,
t~-t
~-i
.
ua
UWI
nela
'.Lf1.L
,r-r,).
can best be carr~ed on 1n a large citl by meapa ot t~ 'concepI
..:..
. l~,,,,>
tration of business activlt1es in.a centl'al location in tp.e .. .
:
belie-e"
.'
,~~
'"
,:
,;'.~:
'.
this
'-,'.
As tar
,:'l'!.t,
.a poSS~~l.,
'f~\'"
.~,~,,""
,I
;;1~
The out~
or citizens
.'
Rapid tr~lt
zens of all
.
would exist
td this
~
'j'
".
to this diatric~
.
dlatri.et
'~'
.' ., -,.
.'.., .
~
.,;
v~n
~ ~
.
transportation
t'.
'-"Ut' .~
t,,\ ,
etto~ts ~uf~. pe "~f
\,.,.~,(
I'
to
the citi-
could be had.
ot.
Suburban diatricta
+
i
. develbpaent.
downtpwn'dlstriet
'i:'
"(1L'\
.tatement
wa. IlII8de
1:. the
;.1
r,!'~a'
'mo.'~,.ttl~~;Dt
' -"',
..~
One walil
.>'"
",.
t01~14aq.
.,
-'.f:'
in siagle
continued lite,
. 26
transportation
low cost
I'
L,
. '
President stated:
The"very life ot the~commercial ~d ind\l8trial di.'tric1;
of this c1ty i8 ,at stake unless a mode,ot rapid traJUl).t,is
established
It is not torus to .it id1r"by while
the volume 'of business decreases because of t~ pres.nt
Inad~quate .and antiquated mod.ot traD8port.tion.l.~.n
organized b04y, it is our duty to take co~tructlve.~eaaurea
tor the continuance of buaineaa and the creation.ot jobator
the downtowncoDmercial and industrial, Loa ~~1-e,.. '.,
r
JIr. Robert
I -
_0
- Association,
s.
"
I.
'
be.t.1nte~.t.
~>
<
26~~Donald lli.Baker,
Peop1.e,"p.
127
"
2.8
Baker,
".
-What.ill
4.
2R,.,ill., p.
7.'
express
ot centraliza~ion.
cinctly
tbeposltion
To th m, rapid transit
of the
lsa,dlre
necessity.
and their
entire
The need i.
prop~rtyar.
metropolitan
~o
nessdis
an economi
I
0
increa8~
businesses
'.
tric t
.
'-
,-.\,
V'
30
If their
th o~gs must
29
expand an
one.
_
.'
';as.' ,
"
r"
".'
'j'
\' i
'
'i
:,'
".
!t. \
.,
J.,'
~n!Bky +,p.r.
~r"Cthou~arida'~.'
Geogra:tmical lWt~t~ona
. and
'"
oM.'' cago_
be,
cast aside?
.'
tht. 4~ove_
Wl11the
'I
-'I'
'~
t,
.'d
..
~
of
!.
tion.
"
been to
wrote'an article i
Mr. Dyaktra's
Los Angelea,
lict of the.oneahas
In
thesis waa t
is harmfUl, it slows
creates severe social p~blema
Secondly, 1 tbat
,
! '
,
1
i
\
~i
of the buai
'
'
{1"
I
I
I
\
l
"
I .
sines! p8ycholog,,"whl~h
dl~trict.
~ia-ps"Chol~
t ~
'.
I.tional
JIub.1elP!l' Rerle.,'
.' i.~i'e\
r",
d.rivea
from "acentral;zatlon
but
.,:
'1'%,
Ke~
that
vities
the ~atural
sUbt~.nters,
;"~al
movement!
is thwarted by ballyhoo of dow.nto~lntere.t.;~,
I,
the citizens
of a co~nity
life as a result
taus
of artificial
.'
8tinulation~
Jalniclpal
'
-Ascongestion on the
,
by the tider8 in different tranaI
f""
'
streets
increase8,
.
anxiety is felt
.
_.
'I
portatio11l vehicle8.
1ntere~t
this restlessnes8
of the people to demand'~apid tran8it
.
,\1\
citizens acceptthe1dea
a8 the,solution.
1e
~pon
and thes'e
I,
.-.
,.
Busin,ss,ia
itse~
aJI!l
8S
'witneaa
~oto l'th.
Studies made by the' LOs Apgeles City Club p~ove that congestion
is increased by rapid transit;
own cb~e8tion.
to congestion.
conge.tion.
~Rapid t\r&n.itcre'ate.
Th,8 tiJ.t
an
~rtlflC'ial
s~~l~t)"
vicious congest1on.
"
, !
i,1
sunshine,
then
centralization
~at
that
is
to defeat
b~i avoided'
sub.ay
This statement
raptd
tran8i~
'a Dl~lt
)
-th'e
r., able exp're'a I l'on u;pon
representa
o
'
to Loa Anael.~.
'I
Lo8 Angeles
"
"j
on their
study
ot
the Ketkerplan,
Decentrali,zation
"
At a conterence
tiTes
of several
held
connunlty
' In
.1m1I~r oonclu'
'
\,ShOUld.be ~ncou,~~a~edby
and,priva1e
,
automobile.,
s() that
33
,j"
city
in Loa,Angelee
1n 1930, r.p~esenta-
organizations
'
spoke agalnst'eentral1za-
34
J!
tion.
the
~ ~.
I'
Los Angele.
ot
City
thelrreport
~_A
I'~'
"
that
I~
rapldtransit
developments;
would serious,l,.
increase
congestion
best
in speculative
real
estate'
and .ohld
result
at
profiteering
at the expense of
'35
Gordon Wh1.tnall,
Cit'y Planning
CODDl1issioner\ofLoI
'I
Angel~b'tween
'l920a\nd1930,lias
, ,
about! a decentralization
",'
I ''
',
This condi'~
p~oceasrelUi~~\in
\,
'
~~.rlthe
gre.t ~ber
'ot re.ld~ntlal
'andbusin a
1DIil~dia
te dom towndi' tric t
centerS'jb~yon4J:the;
rt;l!i;d.
'
'\
I'
desirable
places.
~hi. tact,
popqlatlo~ 1Doontra.t
x.os
The-transportation
.'
poliey.wh.!ch
a 11mite~ re.tricted
artific1al
Theretore,
process.'
thebulld1ng
SUCh,
an
of elevated 11ne.,
proce.s ot
of'thQ.e not'looat.d
in the central
bu.1nes. district
"i
th1nkathes e at.re.ta,
Mr.' Wh1tnall
'
sp~\lt1ol11r)11ch
"1:
are. more
'. ~y
11m
'k'J"i."
.
I
"'~
",,:, ~ !NH:'~j"
'l
1'.,,-1!
,
,,,,,\ ~ ~~
"
~.
Carl 'be 'JIe:oon.efi1fct
to&.
,ano]tJler
,41.'
centralitM ~
b.d! .~ i.ho~i~ ~
,.' tor
14.a1
" "(t'
:'
.~' '. ,
, J,;x"l
",',
".
llnlt. of .ls
onTeri.lo~
'\
'.,.
.~
11
oy~
t-..} "',
<.
fJ'~."
t-
,'"
_
This CaD
be.t
""
'f;
O(lA-
transportat,ioD
, .' j
1
I
\
defic1t.
up by the taxpayers
~d
_d.
Theae mat be
the business
". ~
~.
;.
>,
'''''[''
.~.
,j}J~_r\(,
'~4'~c;,:~""~
j~'
represent objectively
rapid transit
froa a 80ciological
viewpoint.
1I1Orenearl7
r~'.
from a panoramic
Viewpoint.
"
elusion that the beat interests of the city lie in avoidina the
I,
t'
difficulties
tion.
~~
The Automobile
received
;
.'
".
to spread population
37
i'
"
This partic~lar
downtown
"
tral busineas
distric~
38 "
progress in tranaportationare of
.
modern, adequa.te,and~apid
80,
'"
.
area.
\P:
,,{
facili ties
the efforts
stIll
remain8 unsettled
to find
is being written,
point at least,
pertaining
a solution,
8till
up to this
cities
represent
time.
survey,
As this
paper
from a f~nanclal
investigation
Before doing
the transportation
80,
it is Ineesa8 it
exist.
Chicago'and'San
in the ~Un~tedStates
and activity
lIlaterial'
as well as the
situation
problem lOOlD8large'"
proceed.
form of activity
Franci8co
wherein the
toward a ~olution
is golD8
I '
forWard.
"
Detroit,
si,2,e of population,:
a city
comparable to Les;Angelesin
cities
area and
.I
'~.1
th
~quiPnent
trb~ 12%to
t~ 80
clt~zen8.
iwi
No tBportant
2 \
ot age.
mQ)dern'~sea,
'* '
.'
~,
\,.,.;,
ii,
..
tr&nsportati?n
system.
!
SUcha pm~ul
has'
' ,
Follow1l1g these:stateme~ts,
of prominent tranaportttion
'
>,
the,j~ltYlengag~d the,serv:loes
englneersto
need~ ofChlcQSo.
Novebe::v~:::
plana .ere
detailed,
The recommend.-
~tt;, ..
t,~\':}
'1
II'
~"'r OOJlPpehenei
2 .,C~7-ot1C:QJ.c.&O,
Katpr ~, 1 t ~ ' an .
)
" ve .
gO
T,,~po~tatlon
Sla em ill ~ ~ ~ !Jcr
,~9~~ ' P
1
idle.. . I
I:
~-
"
I.
'>~
I
A CQmprehensiveLocal TraneHi rln~t n, Kelker, and ~. L~~wchIc.lortNov"ber !!fT.
G!. rtto: Plan ~.!!! cttr~,
.T "
'
,
>.
'"
~4.:'
",",
.().~
'
f!.~:."
k'
','
"'i<
('~,\4'\'(
"I'
I' "
I
I
T.
,'\
.,:.,"~
un1f1cat1~n of
tiie
th;;'e ae~:i,:t:;il;:t:'ia,
..
"
~,,"'i~}t
1;'11;,1
Ipor a
"""1,
0n
'''4:43''.11.::
i~~ ,
.f},
:~r~z:~
~~:ec:~:~
~im::~C~UUtr.,Jrt
~:do;O:~r~:tt:~:j~::~tiri~:~t~~~t~~g:~:;:~::l:o
to ator-e surplul b\l'
d\,11'1l;1g", \Ml9kitJ.1pu!,!
.h't't,2P",~"",;},,'
milea of ~ese aupereleyated h1ghwaJI to begin with.
The average Ipe~~ tQ b! 36, mile, per ~ux:, g~uit C!!'l
converaion $28,160,000.
'
'.i
Convert one-third
;l-
I'
}F\
surtace
i~~e:Ui~'1
~~ u~;O Dl~~~e:~~~'t:~:~
0~G,tela~6:~t(~b~ct~
.ystem for 'buses.
:i
I..J
Motor 'Coaches
Surtace lines:
QUring .next 8
years
"\
fii. -,'
'
1072
1~1
'
4'
p"
"'j
U\lN1li
a, modern,:l'Ilp1illmaaatransportation Pl.,/f~r
each type
Chicago.
They iDelade,
al can bei~een,
~d;f.cl11.,
Of
tran8Porta~lon~un~t~
(;,$
,
'"
',:
,161 ~~'
b7
~t t~ total
The -ount
'
,
, ,
!
. ',.,I' !',U 1 <tl:ll ';\11' \1 !t:"~ .!It., ,~ t
outlay is estimated at $160,908, 100,:_~t1rhI.,eh.62,180,OOO'1~'to
-
be furnished
~,
'
<
.~.
I.
',,
~ '"
.~.
.98,728,1,00,fro.prlyate
'
!
''"'~f,.'l,~.,:''~r.. ~.,~:
funds. 01' the latter 1'igure, the ~t
01' cash outlay tamediately
. '!'
.~ '
,;,
',.J~: ,0,
.~.'l' ,
necessary will be something over' 25Jll1llion dolla~j the b~luce
I
\,,"'\
'\
01'
J*"~'
"
nine years.
.("r
the superhighWaysand
01'
.'
-~
outlay 1s to coyer the cost
'
capital
.,
from a variety
\}.,
..
(l) city,
6.
posedly of 68 million
dollars;
of
, : ,"
county, .tate
,
and federal
"4
::.
_.lo
t10nand the Works Progress Adm.lnistr4tionj (4) the Fuel and '
.
Vehicle Taxes_
the private
I,
'.'
I,'
At the present
.. ' ,
I!
v'
I'.,
','
'
prog~....
~tappear.'
that eu~~
.eon-,:
, -I
'
boo;
of thi.
amount, it has
,
'.
h "':thiJ'! "T;action Fund" has not
.
6 It has been ,questioned whet,er 'th~! ears ofraanei.l
.tre8S
been materially depleted during
~,y
to M. or ][elly, thIs .
'whieh Chijago has undergone; A.p~CO
COlDP;'hen.IveTranais not 800
See .'lorK.llt
21 ~
-,g'
,
.portat1en Slet ~
t1Ui CItl 2- .. lica o. p. '.
.
.t~~.
. -
, I:
i'
I',
II
.,
l"
!
"
I .
\;
, ,I
l:,
;:
~.
t.
".-~i
t~7, . ~
Recan~~,.,meabe>:.e
o!:~.
autbori1ek
tqe .~1neer~
subway ~y.teDl.
,Asjthe t.~
t
~I:' i .....
,'it'\
o1J8
It i. be11e:ved1,tbat~.~Ilan
conatrud\t1on.7
~,'
,"
"
'114 '
"
.
'11'b~:,/
WI.&,
'Jl~~~"~
"O.~~~t.:':~~t*.
~~t'~.,~~Jo~~;~~Ji~.:"'4"'M1
.d
,.,:.~+,.
franChise,ot
to. r~neJf.ror,,~~.L
:;t~q.,r\li,L ',i
after
! .,
I;,,,
1ng to later
local traction
,
properti~s
!b1.\tr~~.a
"
There ar~
i'
l"
man,.
.0
t~t
Howeyer, itap-'
'
81~e plan.
1""1
trt'
~-
m:~~~gO
-,
8 Ibid.,
-,
9 ' Ibid.,
Iv
t Jouma!!.!.!!
II (V_,.
,p
. 151.
- ' '21
" 19'138),
,
,
, II
..
.'~j
,
. 1
.sanrnn400. . '."
'O"\';ti~
01;"UI1'11 t~1.o~i'
Aii8ei~o,l,.o'b'e~k:J, ~:
.Fr'ano ileo',
'.:
.'
",.L.Il
'-.
,(-j'.
~Jt~.,',
t'
.:eJ.O'r
'f'
.'
11. $~.
'
'.,
".:(,
.;
-,I
(',
' !,~~'"
,
I '
"ae, an important surrey undertak~n thrOllgD.the
,!
The f~rat
;,
I,
;,"\.-, .
.e
I'.
Clintock ae consulting
engineer,
"',
'
'
:,.
.,
",
11
'
.,'
should
be constructed., I ,Of this total
,
Wouldc'onsi:8t of:
.~l,
cost of these'~~im.1te4way~wou:J.d
o,ometo~,,'26,120,
.
000.
~2~'
29.
Tunnel
The total
'
-\
I;"
''
over a oity-wide
the mileage
number or
~o ,
!'
10 Killer KcClintoc
TrafficSurvell!2.!:
2!. sa. Franc1sCQ (1931), p~aslDi.:
"
..
'
,',
~.
.
high~a,.. motor.ays are used
ways, :~P~~is paper' t;o designateexprea~
, interchangeably thrCllgh1ll1luttion
lof in$,.,>rsectiona,
~g~J'a.,.
with the cpmplete.~,:1;t bUle~ 'r' d"private automobile
ipark1ng, arid all traffiC excep
!
"
I,
<
,-("
, , . I!
,1 '
:I.
";'
11;;tl"
:'cont'r:;;l'lI~ Therepor'
scientltic
Pi~ce ot>w~ik:~'d :~~l"" t,,,J' , '
,
, ~ an lI, .rk a yaluable cont,x-ibutionJto lmowledg~ ot ~e
sit til~'t*I~
~"~iJI~'r:.
ua on n"..Su
Francisco.
'!he reeODD.endatlon;sem~dle~'f;~t~h,Jlr~~r{ 'd\~;;rg. :
1~ a partIcularly
~t~iit~
'
',,-.,,
''C"
an
"M
at this ,time.
,
",(
(..."
street.
ot 1937.
80
that ~uch a
','
rapid transit
facility
12
could
ow~
This
Railway Company.
Mat,or Rossi, in his annual mess.ge, j1nsisted that the aqb~
it
wayand
feeder bus line proposal rejected qythe
i
most etrective
the
~.
systems', and
,
I
vot,rsis
'\
comprehensive tran8it
13
.-
~:t::..1
".
~I
en~ln.ers.
S~rtly
thereafter,
he appointed a citizen'8
cOmm1t~.eot
';'"
i
150
local bUsiness leaders ,to make a six months,' survey ot the
-
'
priblea
~
12,I
,i
~t rapid transit
by means of IUbwa1~.14
In,
,~1
or
th1a
'.
,. ,',."
I:
in Tranl1t\ J~rna1
S., Annua1'.essage
of ~MayorRossi
_ !!!!, ,
II (January 29, 1938), p. 38.,
13 !cl!_.\
>',
14:'~~sltJournal:'Nen,
II
:ror 1t io
roported
that thb
"'~'
that
main consideration
in,.':~:~~~
'\'?';15
tho P.~.A~
of those., interested
i~ t#e transportation
an increase
,'!
'
Ra~lway to sevencerits.
of fare
'
'
Railroad.
't:,
o~the
M8rketStr;et
,II
"
:'~>
},\;i!'{
this
'
~t~
_:
'1'huaI
t~eMun.t~lpal
!
SamuelKahn,Presldent\of
Railwa,..
;;
~ail.a,.,
j,
offered
to
, !
rec~mme'nd'to hi
tockholder8tnat
to 11 for
'i
this
iot~r.
figure
"
.net1'on it.
th~1propo.al
16
This proposali of the local
I
'!.
"',!
19:5f,
~;
All
mas,s
tr,nsportl~tion
on
fr"", tb1a
The
~ed
1nt~ a single
fers
that the
Ra,-lwar.
equipment of :both
the
at al ipecialelec,tlon
iSsUe
are. to be used to ~Durchase
,the 'arketStreet
I
';
balfeeot
it
on SepteDlb~r 27,',
line'
'
Is to be accepted
15 ITranatt
!!.!.!!,
II
<J;uWst
iTb1d 'lkgust
16 '~.
17'
Jop.rnal
<
&;~~~:'~t
~;'.''''''
,1
p1'O-
"
Commission authorized
the line
1:: ;~~~~k~
a101-
I.
.,p.
'1.'
~.,~;.-:
f.ee
transportation.
, DetrOit.
j,'
'
transit
is of parti~lar
interest
tq students
'Furtheri!ere,
of the transporta-
t~
population
of both cities
Detroit
is largely
y~t no motorways.
face transportation,
I,
.idely~.cattered.
railway8; 'it has as
solution
ls:~Peasonably clos.,
to lQcalaUr-
solutioA~.bout
by
81!dered h1gherthan'
cents.
,i
ibDetroit~th.
'
sp~te of lkge
:
.:[:o:::::~::U:::a::::::::~:::r:~~~~:b::~
18Blan~hard,
Ib1d.,
.19',' --i
20
~.
p. 121
ill.,
p. ,120.
dollars.
1 '~l'
\""~"
'.~'
t"i
'1ncr,ea,se in wage rat
. >,t.
21 h."
"
es waa ,~i~e!1
to the amount ot ~68 000
.
~ 'ii'
Fare st1'\1'cture on
'>
111_
at
t employees
,,\
el~teen
pa~d for
i
sPrte
~t
fiscal
year
Taxes
And in
a surp1uII
Hew equipment
of both .urfaci
coaches of the
2 y~ars
25';p~ssenger
and 3 months.
".
23
coaches increased
-f
a sound, financial
pay higher
basis,
The reaaon
behind
ttM city
on )
;
the suce.a~tul
operation
or t~
Detroit
transportation
o~.rahip
aYlt~m 1s attr1buted
to the fact ot'mun1cipa1
"
24
and operation
of all' f.cilit!'es.
'All trolley
11n~
.er~ acqulre.d
_ffitcle~t
s ."fee wti.er'.v.r
;.*'"" '
',IiIL~',,'"
The admintatration
of thllt" .1U1e1~al-!ent.~r!:.Y;;~ba_l(b.'!r.m'--..r
RalrWaya, C11oh1:.~j~~e'.d" 'h-~.J~ ~.
a Departm$nt or street
r-
'"",
.'Ai,
'''',wv,. ~.'_
'001'3
'1'Oronto
of tr.nsp<irtation
&8
eXeaiplit.tllgt(.uco s_
d1fficUlties,
and tina,'success
has, lik8 Detroit' 1!J /been obta 1ned through JIlU'nlelp*li' om.raMp
25
"
, '.
and operation.
/ The c1ty, ~oI'()nto, w1th a poPula't'1on'a1m.o.,t
i
-;;;
to its
.oM J "
,
. .
000,000 1n modernizat1on and .xtenslpns.
.35,
'
"
'
"
The averag.fare
1935 was, six and one-s1xth center th~ 1931 surplU8 was $13,
26
605.
1n
t
thr+
,
tOll' 0.....
Ii,
are uaed.1de17
~eQ1t7
latest-type
bus
"
~~~~:,
aa,,:.v:l,'l.~:au; ~
, n,
.: .
I'
c.'"
of the gr~at
c1tI~8 of." the nat
!
:1
'b-
\..
. 1 ,r' ,1;'
",'B1eenthat two
\
San Francisco
"--~~~"'hIv~
~1".'
,
~
v, cago,
I
,
t~,
t~'
"
<,
I,
Pl'(]~
10D
'.,
.!
P1bl.m~
N~lthe~oft1
,w~
transportation
transp,ortation
.'
idlng .scellent
In ileitlier ot the
i
Ii,
latter
,cities
(~
transit
. <,
" i.
'~
linea.
progress,
,".
',.""
.'i
~.
rapId
'"-i", ,
,'J
J;;.
'
Thetlnanc-
..,
mad, .'
'have"
'.
~.'
mentton.d~ the
I'
.~;
The Current
,!
Aa this
in
29
\,
r~i
t survel"x
.
>,
";,
S1~,~e.thAnn~al Rep~rt,-~.,ci
t;l,
t~
i~e~g '~,,:r,~,.ken
aP'sporta1;io~~'~~"~~"Diad:. u~
to this
time.
to bring abou~
mass transportation
problem.
It~
downtowninterests
n~',
Traffic
All
I \(
-1
~ '
'
,
"1\
j-
Asso~1ation, in dQ~ction
"
,~p~1}6ktF
"
city off1cia1s
31
. ,.;en
~tlthat
a4d~~
engineers who would d1rect the sun.,. ~' In' ,)(a1 ot. ~~t
!
.'
1.ar,
,
appropriate
.
'
'.
'
I',
,!
,',
"I
'
3~!
'\
..
. .
rt.
;l.~oci.-
"
~.
3q
Inte~lew
with'lIr.
31 Loa ,bgeleS
Tr;tt1c
,>
.~o
" .
' .. "~-F,tq."'1
'
,
p.
'
_'_---
D~~ld.~~.rjl(o~t(?,
r;i'~8.}.:,~:
iasoo1at1on,! Annua
LlOrd'A~~,i~7',
'0, ~f1
..~1~~ee~ .t(~9i~~~::.,~.
~.~ t,l'oit
C," t,.,.r.
COUDq11" . ,,..
11._
.~~ 11't~ef, ~~1i,et,up'~1'~e4tP
,.~
a!l'~!{~f=~~lr:~
32' Lett~~
w~'.
~!P~,
'I ".-
_~tMLC)
, ~!M
~,:.'i;, ':' ,
'. ~
.t'I:1'f.",
_,
,~~
::'
',(1,
>
.. "
"
tb se~~e
.e~, ~t ,till
the salary
area.
,49,"'JtoWll ..
f',
,}f?l~
i'!t
. -
.~,
.'
'",
~'J.'
>
",~~i.~,
off1c1als
"
s~x month's
surve,.
ot traftlc'
. '*''''
for
labor
requested--amountlng
cost
3.'1
'
City,
~s
W.t.
A. will
A local
supply
englneerlng
to supervise
',:
',...,
plU8tli~F' $20,000
:
'110
ot
01' He~York
theinveatigation.
i'
t:a,
',lbe
and Mr.'DQnald.Baker,:
working 1n conjunction
sW'voy.
hoard, 'consl'stl~ot
",
and web8t~r,
lic Utilities,
'
8~'
'I
f,
.tor t.Qe ~_
firm otston~
been selected
,r
If
,,'
iThis
~.
contributed
The engineering
~.
and supp~le8 ~s
to $68,284.
.. "',
ana t:ranspprtatlon
t9 ,Q9nd:uC'
author1zat~on
r,
withthe'N"w
~onsulting
enginee~,
1 rk eJ1S1neersmak1ng
0
is
t~
ot ,t~1s transl?,o,':l~t
,.
ii
ji
tae~ i.te!a.~a.:
In addition'toth1.:~~~'iin,~,~
c1t1zen
'I
comm1tte.
...Aaaoola:.,.l,n..
.",.,., "" ( i;,l,.O-"
)he''-
t
I
t th C 1 'rl.._
Mowder, 0
e en"ra. Dal1nesaD1 itrlet
thisi
.'..~,
';
i-" 1. .,\. ~ \,*it'~ti{ ;..~ ~.
'~'
.
I _l
.
comm1ttee are .en who represent
ee~tain ~t1jlng
cOmmQn1tI
,
a.
men.'
effective
The ~ction
B. G.W~n~,
t.
".
or
;.
"
relative
o'p~ration8
The investigation
, .
~6
01',
plan '
.uppl,.1~g data
t'he1rj11nes ~
1e expecte~
to occupy nine or ten
.
i
t4e
rail~ysi.
thI";,;c1tIz.n'~
,.
are cooperating
"4
r~,~
"
contr1butio.na
of t~e local
to the
.Jt; lc!ent
01'
,{
No tinancia~
vey by e1ther
"i ~
" ,
after
\.r.
~l.l_
't,'
I
I
in Aprllor
,.
"f
19~9.
The scope ot the survey '1'a tq>be' very wide .', It
iato
cover traftic
'will
avail
conditions
it.eltOt
~g.ncie8which
all
in theentlre
aetropolitan
,area.
,It
.
-'
!
the dat.a~8'.bled
by all. the various
~
paat
t.wyea::r~.
1.
In bri~t"
2.
Study the developllent,. ~t: \t.rend8 . and t~~.t~81~e~erm1n1ngand contrJ,but1ng ;0 these riding
8.
'!",
'
i ,
to
8 ta
end,
it
la not noaslble'
c~'
're, .~,; ~'~j"'"'!"'~1~"I"
"~'_~
te at this
time .J(r.
Mowd.r
However. ~t l'P~~1.ble
and breadth of t~
The attempt
'
of ~.tional
man1,
proport!on.
tg
~~t~.
.: ';
(Ii \:;,
'
IC~*
'k{"'~f_\~::l.~';;**~.",." '
ate t~~crL~e.~.~.t.rl!.
.',"'"
~'M~~
bririg ;+P.i!.si~;Z~~"
. et~t'll1ton,
to solve tr~8po
#>'","1:'
;.
t~:~U1J,!rlili'
'
'i)!"
"\
tfansortation
38
could afford.
'i'e:,;;."'/
di;~ ,1,.
.~
h,\-
a~,a.
ditt:iC?u+~i'l i!,c;>n~t",
,A
"'~'
t. /--,,;,
t'
'l,'
f;>''l~!i
,~!;;ijSc,
i;
'l.,.
"'!iF),.
,"(f,~_"
includ1n;Lo8 ~~ele~i
e.,
~~r'.~t;.~n.p,tp~.
T\lq;~'lMll'4~
Current adt1vitt
',a. all vetod~".
llrow:,v'r
. 1~ was 8QDl.
t!~nt1h~e.~~
1etl\rl,<~'~o~
,
:.
,I
371
'~.
38
'Mr. M()Wder,~.
I
I
,I
Ti'afri~A.todi~~1J~:Pi.
~..p;
~:~e~..
clt."
'"I."'cd_i'
'c"
""?''''~~Ift,?r
"i'/""
,,;'Ji""'iJ"
'7:
Ie'""
~t.til;l:
~~,~.~
'
,),C"
';'Tl":';'
me
,i11i/'1Jl
'\
,"~!,"i,:'~i' '
~'I
'I
CHJ.PJJER
VIII'
I,
. ,1'r
I.
:~'~$1"
hlJ
fJ! :~';.
,i
CONCLUS~ONS
i
!
I
c'.
transportation
T1rent1~-J
j-
eight years later it was still ~res~nt. Grown more acute, m~~e
:
complex, more dis.iturbingto wider 8~ements of thecitr ,pGpllation, the problem in 1938 remains a imajor'unsol,ved.;
DIlnlcl.pal~
I
difficulty.
huma~ effort ~d money have been exp~~ed
Considerable
i,
"
variety of inter'e,tswho'
'
I
I
,.'
ii"
'
have been set forth and ret little h~s actually been'aocomplished
in prOViding the citizens with modern mass transportation.
The
transportation'needs
'
'
'
"
free- ',
flfwing transportation.
actual ,achievement
I,!
~ht~h~ave'ari.en
i
','
I!
~.,
"
4ompensating:tactora
'
tbi~ field
have naturaliy
claritied
ithe<ptcttt~e
1
pre's! forward
at
'
this
i-
Los Angeles.is
now in a ~O.itron
,
various
st.tea
programa
carried
to .urvey
the ett.ct.
,'\
I'
large
'
'!
":.:
~.
I'
.. 1
ot
out in'qthe~
eltiehicb
'1~ ~''9'\,
"','
of tho.e'
I,~
" :ti?j
l'
';'
.I
,
In Chicago,
spent to rebuild
the elevated
be used as eleva~ed
asked that
rail
mot'orway~.l
facilities
so thatthe~
Th~;iOld routes
,
."
At least,
to be built,
wherever t~~
Some authorities
to increase
congestion
,the experience
of, cit~es
~'"
1 Mayor Ke
l?~:r he ~
2
Lo.
'i,,!
need arises
alr~ady construc-
-h
could'
funds be
!.
OJ
"
Plan for!.
the' ~1t1n
lIolution.
, ",
,;p.
"r
Slllt~
sCirc1e of Transit,
( :
Panie1 L. Turner,
nls Congel.tion"-,
There a Vici latlona1
Mun12ipal Re.i _ ,'
petvelopment
'and .Cit,.
;;;.;,;;;;.
~'(Jtme,
'1921), .PP~,321-326.
'\
,
;'} ..
\
I
__ 1.
'\
:.'\"
I
,
~f oon.tant effortwlthout
"
tnan hereto'fore~'
I
f
I
Even though Los Angeles' 1s l~a mdre advantageous 'po,itlon to make progreas in the field
~inanc iIig of a program i.
I,
~S8
".
tranBportatlon~ the
of paramo t 1Dlportanc..
Th8 .xperience
\..
.~gele8
,
,I
I'
of the problem 10' Los
Since that
of f~ds
I
Because
"
.~
Federal
'!:
Chapter III.
:' '\.1'
J
.\
I
OJ
change 1m natfonaIipolic1,
.,
\'
1") '~'';
I",,;
dur1ng thei'p.s~'
'
, fewye~ra , it
on a grant
is ~o88ible
to as's
that
"
obstacle
in solving
e problem, as it
to achieveinent.
r~pa~ent
accordingly.
to the national
that
the principle
community taxpayers,
ofdtvislon
'-:
and ,thoe e,property
5!'
!
i_I
rights-of-way
will
t~1a.'new
,;) ,
bfcost
._,
gb~ermn~nt,. it, 1a
~ikely
.11~n.te.
"
As regards
-funds c";~'e~:s'e,C;~PM,
amongrldera,
,
"
'ownersad'acentto
'
i If the proportion
be adhered to.
:the'I
of oost
~lloted
to the asse8sment
dietrfct:is
not considered
"I'
~y the property
will
meet eerious
I
it
1. likel,.
eqUitable'
that
Government
resistance.'
Conflict2!
Ii
"
Apparently,
Iriterests
of financta,l'
diff~culties.'
actlonhas
In part
Howev,r, ,there
'I
'still
remains
who strive
-
for different
.
solutions'
.
,.",
to adjuat
the differences
essentlal
problem aa centralization
,5
6
The prlnciple
to the problem.
which exist
of reconciling
Is it 'possible
A Rapid Transit
those intereats
'
established
of 1926.
Cha te'r IV
The past opp;lsition' to special aS8e ''
.
If
the
burden
ot')'co.t
ts has be~n very 8 tr ng. . ,d .,ed' ,
, pl!lc~d on this group 1s too grea~ the ~esi8tance .engen er
ma~,~ake~th~ proposal inetfectiV1
"
!'
i
S
UPi&"
men
~!dl'.tricP
.
,'I
..
!,
j
ot a'd;:":Jtralization solution?
1
Thl
' '.
1 190
e extremel,. lmportant.que. ~ :,
tion :to b
J " ,,'
~J
carried out?
,of co
'
"
se. ~neflt.hould
''''a
'..
solu'tlon b.
'.'
the downtown district if they ar~ [to maintain the!'r ceritral '
I
"
to that area.
I .
ever-increasing
concentration ~f PPpulation ~t
occur within
!,
community.
,."
;.
'
g~up.
,consequ~tlY,'
such a solution.
illengineered
"
'\
The pres~~t.go,4o
Ii
-,lnteres'ta.
"
\""
'
"
0_1
!i
:
ty
ka'~~a,~~t~'S:
th~ld't~~lnr~~.~t:of~~.
"\J{"',1,~
'"
,',i::-
,0'
',the
t"
t~ ,.e~no.~",
r~t.
,.m'~~h~~.;;.~,!~~~~t?,:f
Ill" '
,bl.eepl'1lpG>'t!p~ III be
, "~e;~tbo~t~:.,'
.1~,1-tJU:jol~E4~~~:
on.rWt:i~~,
~t at:~ to
. ~
'..,....
.I ..
provide
adeq~teand
rapid ~88
of the metropolitan
.
of residence
t,~
,i,l\'
al1 ~~9Q.
,In
..
t11a, ~,<"er
__.;;_~lbe
t,bAt,
~pl
modern tran~portatloP'wiltbo'Utj,tJ1.
eV1J.~9~1N1Dl~j
skyscrapers,
'
.nd bUSin_ss,,~~b4.cb,h.~e'tgJiwD"
tUd~s into
t'!' ~.
<c,
tend to distribute
DIU 1ti
18i""
area;
'
:furnished
-'.
,
I'll.
!
t~anaP4f~atlon,to
an eviil considered
to be a _joJ'
cause of congestion.
,
If the ,interests
considered
as a whole are to be
'representatives
past
of the co~it7
there
of the entire
In the
mov~~,nt representa,tive
'ot tQ,e
ci ty as a who).e.
~peeialgroups
ot all
types,
a, 1et
but
made bJ
'
no ~jor
movement ot
this X::presentative
type haa emerg,d" Cona,~d.rii1&the t~entl,
' i
,
~ight year. of past experi~nee, itj.eelU ,logical to 'conclude'
I
..;....
that unt~l
, ;
'. ,per.onal
,
ppo,gI'amlittle
l,
citizens,
'I'
considerations,
good can
are, .111~rto~ge,
-
~e
.'
f8uCC88stul
as' others
T\r,~sportation
, :.., 'ld,
~~" ' a'8~
Jeen . made
'
t;y
mOV8men
t\>develOred a
ibll1 t:w.
espOn8
r....
..,
,t1.,
:'
: '\ .at!1
.','
~\J.~t..
OJ. J. ",
J,!;l ,be as
.etl'<>pol1t~
thi.
tl'\ the
\..
"
,I
'I
'\
"I
l,!kely
.'
Ii,
, j " "
..
.&!l':"enl1,gl1tened'
na:;~~Ch a C:-"'1
\ ' , :'
,'
, ,
'
detaehe(i;trca
J.
accomPl~hed~
,ive
-'.
,.(
.~
,.'
or mass trahsp0rta~lon
comprehensive
viewpoint_
be' c6n.ld:.r.~'d"I"troa-'
~st
\,
,
The Ketropo11tan'
power to survey
'
'.
the .i tuat10n
'"
ot"~1;lie' ,.,
co~ni
ty as a whole -. Whether
or
direct
the carrying
.i
'T
'
'.i
'
for e8ta~1shin:g
interes,ts,
Metropolitan'
of the entire
differences
for adBdhia't.i'lllg
a matter
'.
for fUrth~r"l)on~
.it~1n
Atithor1:'t~ seekl~
the financial
to promote the
reconcile
limits
personal
'.'
the needed
commani~J. support.
.I
Of'~
other' c1ties
!.
of ,the
nation,'
.
it 1s b'elieved
advisable
~oritrolled
.'
by the\.Metropol1tan
<
prom1nent'16'ca:le~lneer
;i'ti.tl'l-
'.
.. z? "t' t:.. :./~
:f',_(:
'fabl1l tl'ea;
the elefated;
and, perhaps,
~
-.111
;1'
"
"eed to
;;,1,
b1
P"ov1d
_e_d
_
' _Ho_"_V_e_r_,_i_t_.
_":'"'
'~-r',}t,
ade'quate .,..tell.
I'",
Whole
~;,{~"",",
,an
the .uperwat,
As
probabl11 ty utl11ie'all:
'.'
111
mod.rn1Zed surracecar,
C~1\t'
..
constdere,d,_
'out b'J
.;
i.
pointed
be'thoroughly
deflnft.i'
A.rea~ Also:,that~he
.
own~dand '
";'
(Sep' teab.l',
\
, i,
!;
,I
seem8 likely
car ~,
the
-:'
of
ceed.
in.
1--"
mas, transportation
imUat
ot the
,.\:1~O~Obl
e '.21/
"
~'
'
'I,
ha~~{,.
.uc-
t~;
tr~.~-'
jor 1nnuen~.in
direct~
:.,
',!
'
It is po lble
their" aaatelf
,.
experle.c ,'
i
~;J;,.
~
I
I
"
'BIBLIOGRApHY
'.'
Bibliographical
Stat.in.f~
a lot
"\.'
or material
,Quit .
.
;
inh "isw ,anil. .rro. : ' 'I> .
,
was obtain.d
.tUgiti:ve mate~ials
'Iglaktl~~:
~c018
li~t.'
f'
'j
~ ,
. i
,,11
I.
~leipal
A .
I, '
, ii,
l'
I.
9S8~ T6r:~:
Board of ~ity
____
'.
.'t
,,'
'~""
&
on
U
,
"">
fa
i! '
'.
I'
____
., Annual Report.
.Los ~eles,
1936.
.6 pp.~
; ci~
!!~
ttos!Angele
+se1es 'Bonds oUtll't'ancB.ng' ~
, 1938. 1 p.
'
.
,-:'
City Controller,
Ci
~
30, 1938.
~"
or ~ ~ie1ns~a~ement
&
1~
. '
s.
'~.P.~
'
'
.I
~'.
or.~MIlJI,': C"p~citl'
~_le~'i 1~~
J.
,,',:
.., !,! !o
LoS"i
'
Offieial
Publications
of other\ c1t1es.
ch1C,ago.Jl;:y:O{ Kel1~r'rlan
tatlOD'
7S em.
cago, ~.
"
\
Colum1s
ion, ~Re rt ot ;ga,t Bal. 'I
surveI Oak aD: , 1~6:--!~ pp.
,<
'
i,
If
,
II
1~
B.
Official
Pub~10.,t~on.,oount7
IIi
..
'".
,.,)
...
<'
l:l: f ~'
, ':~
,'.
i'
~ ,
ri\'"
i'
l'
."
. C. , Offic1al .Pub11~at1ohs,;st~te
':l
--
.\',
:312
pp.
',
, ,
\
1:
I:
1;
';.
ortatlon ;Requ1re~ent.,ot,;,1..
. pp.
.,
c........
.
,
1.1
'l!~
,"l,'
'
,.t.'~
1,
"
,I .,
'\
I!
I:
I!
\ !
LEGAL
M
- ,
,
irCUJIEnlS
'
I!
., i '
II.
A.
-....
~ -' ~
"
"
""'.1
'I,
i!l.~
,
Charter et
Legl.eletlve' ,
, Proposition
No. I., Clt J;iE1ec~lon.'TGR
Crain.nce
ReatrictInsU
0
ltn.'~b':'~'~l'
Ma,. . 7'
193!
- ..:"-, \. . II" ".----.
C?'~
. I
....
.
~
-, . .
\i'
".
No. II. .CitE E1eJtlon:
, ' , Proposition
Municipally
Own.d~sSia,~em..
B.
<
'!-'.
"
'"." ~ pp.
1"-,
:(,
_.a, ".
.. >.
',W
I"
""
.'
"i
T~'Iatabtiah'
" \
Loa \Ange1es-;-Ma,.7, 1935.
Case.
.'
'
~\,y\
' '.
Loa
:
J(emorandWll'
; .".
" , R.R.C.of'Callt.:
CaaeNo. 39161: The City of Loa
Angeles V.The Los Angele& ~ailny
cprporation.D,eo1810Il"
27290. llarch~ 6,1935.
8 pp. m1meo~raphed.
,
III.
SURVEYS AND\STUDIES
,
".
Automobile
Traffic
,I(I
i
I
I,
Baker, Cbnald
'\'
lG
g7
Los ~elea:
95'
_--"._"
PP.'
'"
'.~i
Bus System
central
in
the Cit1
~!
BuaI'iie8'i":iiens' Iisoc
. (~
,t!
. 'il
..
I ~i
-.....
'" '.,I
IV.
,,/
NEWSPAP
I,
i'"i;~.'
P~1'~5-:.~7;,'I!!?'.~f~~~!~:
a1 J~193~J Mar 6, 1;37~
ptember
~eles
,Municipal League
Bulletin..
Loa
:'
;F.
5~, li~8j{1 ,
:'/ .. :
.",
'
BOOKS
\ - ';.
'
'0
'p'..
~
~'.
iYork) ';"lgI3~1937.
Blanchard,
Paul,
Sci~ncel, XI.
~" ~ololopedi~'
"MunlcipalTransl
pp. ~19-l2~.
.
2.....,
t, ~h..
,._
...~~.~,~:
,.'
...
McClintock,
'ml
;'
C~t;16""
': "
-,'
pp.,
,.,..
'!o.
.....
'::.
;,:'1
, ,.-!
, J
~
;) ..,,~.
Bauer,
John,
nsportation
July 1938.
'
' "
,"
'\
,?~\"
'~~:2!
i:~,"
'"f
,i
Faclli tie.,n
June and
'
,',<,
,~"I"\
:.'
"
'-.~ibbins,
J.R.,
The Gro~i~ Tr.al').~~rt P~ble
the laIS,.ll'
'
Rail or Rubber or BOth?-, Nat1o,na1 Mun1c'lp.i:lleVi.W:, mIl
517-522, August, 1929.
"
---'
,
,
Brinkerhoff,
Transit
or
",'
H. K.~ "PoB~1b111tiebt!
Elevatea ;i~~R.CO~~Z.d,.
Journal" LXXIX, 3~1-3 2;, September 1935.
,.
~le~tric
I,
~aiW,a; ;ournal,
'
"
'.
".
dlbbon,Thomas
I
,~California
E.,
"Introduction
'progressive ,We
Electric
..
r
.
Rai1!!l
'-;<
jl
"
(~
."
":".'
//
,/
1,
;~" ,\,
L},.1i,l
19Q
,
"
"
"Extensive, Tr~tf!cs~rV.y
Planned tr",',
'.
,,'V;"
Railway Journal
'LUl!'" 481 !.o.~:r11'~~~.~~ ".' !l'e.tr1e
--_
... ,"
'0"
,
-~ov~
.rch-l' 4'.
',,'
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19t:.i \~
XXXIV,
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"News of ~ndust17,
Electric
October 17, 192~.
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Moving
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,Washington,
1931. ,45 pp.
Hopkins" R. F., A Summ,arI 2.f. tlie E olution of Urban .!!! Su~urban Pa8senier Transportmon,
s Angeles" Dec\~~ber
1938. 6 pp.' Dilmeogr_phed. '
Angeles
40 'pp.
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