Influence of Lightning Flashover Criterion On The Calculated Lightning Withstand Level of 800 KV UHVDC Transmission Lines at High Altitude
Influence of Lightning Flashover Criterion On The Calculated Lightning Withstand Level of 800 KV UHVDC Transmission Lines at High Altitude
185
ABSTRACT
The operation experiences of power transmission lines show the lightning outage is still the
main part of the total outage rate. So it is very important to calculate the lightning
overvoltage across the insulators precisely and evaluate the lightning outage of the
transmission lines correctly. Lightning flashover criterion of the insulator/gap is one of the
most important factors that influence the precise calculation results of the lightning
withstand level of transmission lines. In China, several 800 kV ultra high voltage direct
current (UHVDC) power transmission projects have been set up in recent years, and the
altitude of the regions that the transmission lines across ranges from 0-3650 m. The paper
mainly analyzed the influence of the modelling methods of insulator/gap on the lightning
withstand level of 800 kV UHVDC transmission lines by PSCAD/EMTDC program. The
compared lightning flashover criteria of insulator/gap include the leader propagation model
recommended by CIGRE, the volt/time curve recommended by IEEE and an improved
leader propagation model, which is proposed based on the lightning flashover experiments
of the 800 kV UHVDC line insulators carried out at an altitude of 2100 m. Meanwhile, the
influences of lightning current waveform and insulator structure were also considered and
compared. The simulation results show that the calculated back-flashover lightning
withstand level is much lower when using the improved leader propagation than that using
other flashover criterions in the paper, it is lower under the 2.6/50 s double exponential
lightning current than that under the 2.0/50 s Heidler function lightning current, and it is
higher when using V-string than that using I-string insulator. Besides, the influences of the
lightning current waveform and the insulator structure on the calculation of shielding
failure lightning withstand level are little, but the flashover criterion has obvious influences
on the shielding failure lightning withstand level.
Index Terms - Lightning flashover criterion, lightning withstand level, 800 kV UHVDC,
leader propagation model, high altitude.
INTRODUCTION
DOI 10.1109/TDEI.2014.004537
186
Y. Han et al.: Influence of Lightning Flashover Criterion on the Calculated Lightning withstand Level
(t / 1 ) n
(1)
exp( t / 2 )
(t / 1 ) n 1
where i(t) is the lighting current function, Im is the peak
current, 1 is the rise time constant, 2 is the tail time constant,
n is the concave factor and is the peak correction factor. It is
supposed in the paper that 1 =2.0 s, 2=50 s, n=5 and
=0.898.
In order to facilitate comparison, the hypothetical lightning
current of Heidler function is supposed to start from t=0,
while the double exponential current waveform is supposed to
begin from t=1s, as shown in Figure 2.
i (t )
rT1
ZT1
ZT1
RT2
ZA
ZA
ZA
ZA
ZL2
ZT2
RT3
r T3
ZT3
h3
h2
h1
ZT4
R`B
RB
ZL4
rB
r` B
Cross arm
S
Tower body
Conductor
Vs t 400d
710d
(2)
t 0.75
v(t ) ku(t )(
ZL3
187
u (t )
E0 )
d l
(3)
where v(t) is the velocity of the leader in any time in m/s, u(t)
is the voltage across the insulator/gap in kV, d is the length of
the insulator/gap in m, l is the length of the leader in m, E0 and
k are coefficient recommend by CIGRE obtained by
experiments, as shown in Table 1. When u(t)/(d-l)>E0, the
leader starts and continues, otherwise, the leader stops to
progress.
Table 1. Values of k and E0 recommended by CIGRE.
Configuration
Polarity
k(m2v-2s-1)
E0(kVm-1)
Air gaps, post and long rod
insulators
Cap and pin insulators
0.810-6
600
1.010
-6
670
1.210-6
520
-6
600
1.310
Y. Han et al.: Influence of Lightning Flashover Criterion on the Calculated Lightning withstand Level
v(t ) k (u (t ) El l )(
u (t ) El l
E0 )
d l
(4)
0.5310-6
345
0.6410-6
459
0.7310-6
388
0.7010-6
455
When the residual gap length is less than the height of the
final jump, the final jump will occur. The height of the final
jump hf is supposed to be one third of the gap length in this
model.
All the three kinds of flashover criteria of insulator/gap
above are used in this paper for comparison.
Figure 5. Voltages across the insulator with different stroke lightning current
waveforms with the same 200 kA peak value.
188
Lightning
current shape
Configur
ation
2.6/50s
double
exponential
I-string
The
improved
leader
propagation
model
237
V-string
262
289
349
I-string
274
343
--
V-string
296
343
--
Heidler
function
Volt/time
curve by
IEEE
349
189
Lightning
current shape
Configur
ation
2.6/50s
double
exponential
I-string
The
improved
leader
propagation
model
22
V-string
23
33
25
I-string
21
32
--
V-string
22
32
--
Heidler
function
Volt/timecu
rve
25
190
Y. Han et al.: Influence of Lightning Flashover Criterion on the Calculated Lightning withstand Level
CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We gratefully acknowledge the financial support by the
national high technology research and development program
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