Ferry Terminal Design Considerations & Principles
Ferry Terminal Design Considerations & Principles
Each terminal forms part of the ferry network and part of a community. The
guidelines provide a balance between the need for the terminal to be a readily
identifiable part of a passenger transport network and a local community.
The planning and design of large, full interchange terminal facilities may be
proposed on a unique design concept, and should utilize the physical and
topographic conditions to maximize the terminals operational, functional and
construction effectiveness.
The transportation functions and operational requirements of a terminal are
the highest priority consideration in terminal design. However, terminal design
and precinct planning should also incorporate urban design principles including:
Good visibility along corridors leading to the terminal should be provided. The
architectural concept for the new ferry terminals should reflect their context and
become recognizable and accepted by users within the local and wider
catchment areas as their transit terminal.
The developed concept should consider the heritage value and history of the
site and the surrounding environment as well as possess positive social attributes
and serve to enhance the identity of the public transport system to the
community. Linking into existing pedestrian and vehicle networks to provide fast
and easy access into and out of the terminal is vital for the terminal to function
efficiently.
1.2
The
Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) shall continue to spearhead the promotion of
safety, security of transportation, and protection through governance of the
marine ecosystem of the Pasig River and its tributaries in order to sustain a
viable, efficient, and dependable transportation system as an effective
instrument for national development.
The DOTC, MMDA, and PRRC, shall be governed by their respective roles
and responsibilities as embodied in the Memorandum of Agreement for the
Establishment and Operation of the Pasig River Ferry Service.
Ferry terminals should be designed in context with the surrounding urban and
natural environment to minimize impact while designing to a level appropriate to
the scale and nature of the network.
Materials should be considered carefully and preference for renewable and
sustainable resources selected where appropriate, with consideration also made
to their durability, and maintainability. Key considerations are:
2.2
a. Principles
Crime prevention through environmental design is one important strategy
to achieve this. It aims to provide a safe and secure environment within the
ferry network through the implementation of crime prevention through
environmental design. The design of the ferry terminals and access within the
network and the surrounding environs and the arrangement of streets, parks
and other outdoor spaces can influence the opportunity for crime and the
level of fear of crime.
b. Strategies
c. Implementation
Ferry terminal environs due to their nature are susceptible to issues of
crime and should be designed with consideration to:
Natural surveillance see and be seen people are usually less
likely to commit crime if they are (or think they may be) being
watched. Conversely people are likely to feel safer if they think
someone is looking out for them.
Ensuring there are clear sightlines along routes avoiding sudden
corners or blind bends along pedestrian or cyclist routes; planting
does not grow to obscure the view or provide hiding places for
offenders.
Providing good standards of lighting providing consistently placed,
high quality lighting which will not conflict with planting or create
areas of shadow.
Ensuring there is plenty of activity designing pedestrian/cycling
routes to ensure that they will be well used to prevent them
becoming isolated and unsafe.
Avoiding potential entrapment situations clear signage can be
used to warn people of potential entrapment spots.
Keeping up good appearance regular maintenance of buildings
and garden area along with the removal of graffiti and litter all help
to make people feel more comfortable in outdoor spaces.
2.3
Scope Enhancement
The standards have been reviewed in terms of their cost implications and
are considered appropriate in terms of the Regions anticipated expenditure
levels on ferry terminals. The standards set in this chapter also reflect the
operational requirements of the ferry network and the functional
requirements of terminals to meet the needs of users. Where another party,
for example, a private developer seeks to vary from the standards adopted in
this chapter, this can be considered at the discretion of Pasig River Ferry
System. Design exceptions must be agreed to and signed-off by the relevant
engineer.
The standards should not be varied to reduce scale, quality or construction
standards or to affect any stated priorities, however, enhancements may be
considered. In such cases, the standards in this chapter should be adhered to
as far as practicable and be used as a minimum provision. In the adoption of
alternative materials and designs, proposals should be guided by the
demands of the environment and principles outlined in this chapter.
2.4
Holistic Design
a. Future proofing
As the design of a remodeled or new terminal evolves, due care must be
taken to not preclude further enhancements, changes in patronage or
services. The design must meet the service levels specified to some future
date that should make provision for increases in services and an increase in
the level of amenities provided.
b. Constructability
All elements of the proposed design may be subject to a review of their
ease of construction within a live ferry network and urban environment. The
design should allow for offsite fabrication and precast elements that will
minimize the onsite activities
c. Cost effective
The principle that solutions should be cost effective in capital terms and
minimize ongoing operational costs applies to all aspects of terminal design.
3.1
Access for pedestrians should be safe, well lit and convenient for use in
particular by children and passengers with physical disabilities.
Access to terminals and ferries for disabled people should be provided in
accordance with the National Building Code. Consultation should be made
with representatives of organizations such as the National Council on
Disability Affairs (NCDA).
Access paths connecting to the street and to bus stops and car parks should
also meet universal accessibility criteria. Paths should be wide enough for
two-way streams of passengers to pass allowing also for wheelchairs and
cycles.
Ferry terminals will have common features or themes that identify them as
part of the Pasig River Ferry Network but, where possible, will also have a
connection to local identity and heritage - subject to cost and design
practicality.
Where there are heritage issues, consultation must be undertaken with the
relevant stakeholders e.g. National Historical Commission of the Philippines
(NHCP) and any relevant local preservation groups. Infrastructure such as
shelters and seating may be designed to integrate with the heritage character
of the terminal where it exists and will remain.
3.2
Integration
Buses are given priority of access with set down areas located as close as
possible to the terminal entry linked by covered access ways.
3.3
Walking and cycle facilities are planned around the terminal entry with
convenient access paths as part of the approach.
Park & Ride is generally the furthest from the terminal. Ideally, walking
distance between the car park and the terminal should be reduced where
the distance between the terminal entry and the embarkation point is
longer than 80 meters.
Provision will be made to allow installation of equipment for integrated
ticketing, if immediately, at a later stage.
Provision should be made for secure cycle storage or cycle lockers at all
terminals.
Functionality
Ferry terminals occupy a valued waterfront location and the local community
often sees them as a neighborhood recreation facility. Where feasible, design can
allow for community use for passive recreation but should not facilitate
swimming and diving (safety concerns) or fishing (safety, cleanliness, access
concerns). Design must take into account local sea and weather conditions and
the vessels to be used and provide what is needed to minimize chances for
damage to the wharf structure or to the ferry vessel and to avoid the possibility
of injury to crew or passengers.
In general, MMDA will provide a basic, functional ferry terminal in accordance
with these guidelines. If a private developer wishes to have a more highly
specified terminal, DOTC will expect the extra elements to be funded by the other
party and that an ongoing maintenance contribution will be made.
Design must consider whole of life costs, and provide for easy
maintenance, replacement and repair. Cleaning considerations include
graffiti-proof surfaces where feasible and reduced opportunities for
vandalism e.g. no access to hydraulic ramps except for boarding/alighting.
Access should be available for use by emergency vehicles, delivery and
rubbish removal vehicles. This should generally be kept separate from
pedestrian access.
Commercial uses appropriate to the ferry transport primary business may
be accommodated provided this is without disrupting the movement of
passengers, supply vehicles or ferries and at no additional cost to MMDA.
Terminals will be designed to minimize chances for vessel damage, to
allow for easy movement in and out of berths, with all necessary aids in
place. To some extent, the profile of the vessels to be used will determine
what is provided. A standard terminal design should be developed for a
range of vessel profiles to ensure that operators are aware what can be
accommodated.
It is preferred that terminal design is standardized in terms of materials,
fittings and fixtures to reduce overall costs and ensure supplies can readily
3.4
be made available (e.g. for repairs). This may take some time to achieve
as upgrades and renewals are carried out.
Amenity Principles
Ferry terminals are functional infrastructures that must provide for the safety
and comfort of passengers. The main role of a terminal is to provide for the
effective and efficient movement of people to and from the terminal and ferries
and to provide safety and shelter during waiting periods. Given the water edge
locations, terminals are often exposed to strong winds and inclement weather.
Amenity at ferry terminals should be functionally focused, driven from the
perspective of the user.
New terminal designs and precinct planning must incorporate user amenity
features including:
3.5
Safety
Safety has two distinct aspects.
1.
2.
1.2
Functionality
This means designing for the appropriate provision of parking, drop off areas,
bus facilities, ferry berths and pedestrian facilities sized to meet the expected
demands.
1.3
Operationality
This relates to ensuring that the design does not inhibit the ability of the
ferries to run on time by affecting turn-around, waiting and loading / off-loading
times.
1.4
Maintainability
The overall appearance of Pasig River ferry terminals should be bright, clean,
efficient and consistent with a modern public transport system.
3.1
Vessel
Specifications
Vessel plans/design which
shall be pre-approved by
MARINA, to include
compliance with the
applicable provisions of MC
65, 65A, and 89. Vessels
must also comply with the
following operating
standards:
3.2
3.3
Traffic Management
All vessels transiting the Pasig River shall not exceed the maximum speed of
twelve (12) knots and will observe caution during meeting, overtaking situations
and when passing through areas where other vessels are docked. If necessary,
they shall slow down to a safe speed under these circumstances to avoid damage
to property caused by wave action or vessel wash.
When navigating during nighttime, all tankers loaded with petroleum products
shall show a blinking red light on top of the bridge with 360degree visibility at a
range of three (3) nautical miles in addition to those prescribe by the Rules of the
Road.
3.4
Berthing
3.5
Security
All ships/vessels, ports and other facilities along the Pasig River may be
subjected to random security inspection by the PCG. The use of cameras and
binoculars is prohibited while passing the Restricted Area.
Amenities
4.2
Common Elements
4.3
Canopy structures
Seating units
Trash bins
Cycle racks
Help Points
Signage and Information Panels
Wharf edge handrails
Passenger Information Display (PID) units
Acceptable Finishes for Marine Environments
Corrosion Protection & Paint Systems
Metalwork (stainless steel, aluminum or corrosion-protected mild steel)
Shelter
Seating
Trash Bins
Trash bins are to be provided. Bins are generally stainless steel frames and
liners.
4.6
Cycling
4.7
Terminals should be well lit after dark up to the last trip with after hours
lighting adequate for CCTV operations and to deter vandalism. Lighting should
cover the passenger waiting area and access points, avoiding shadows and glare,
and should cover areas containing any equipment, features or walls that may be
the subject of acts of vandalism.
Lighting design should minimize overspill onto adjacent residential properties
and prevent lighting pollution (i.e. downwards beam only), however it should also
provide a safe transition into the surrounding area. While meeting safety
requirements, lighting should also be as energy efficient as possible.
Specific power requirements may be required for vending machines, ATMs,
public phones, sullage/waste pump-out facilities and shore-power to vessels.
Where required, these requirements must be specified in the design for individual
terminals.
4.8
Terminals shall be fitted with color CCTV cameras with low light capability and
associated control/transmission equipment that permits the remote control and
real time recording of images. Coverage should provide for passenger waiting
areas, access and egress points, help point, rubbish bins.
Design should also consider where integration opportunities exist to provide
for CCTV coverage of precinct areas including bus stops, car parks, kiss-and-ride
and Park-&-Ride areas immediately adjacent to the terminal. The monitoring
activity should be linked to a rapid response security patrol. There should be an
emergency help point with CCTV coverage, where waiting passengers can call for
assistance.
At terminals where ferries are berthed overnight, provision must be made for
security cover for vessels to prevent vandalism, interference and graffiti. A safe
environment shall be provided for any crew or passengers leaving terminals late
at night after the last trip.
Help-points shall be provided and located in visually prominent and accessible
positions. Particular consideration should be given to the access route
passengers will take after dark. Signs indicating the location of the help points
should be clearly displayed. Clearly visible and signed CCTV should be provided
at the help points, as part of the overall video monitoring system.
4.9
4.10
Commercial Opportunities
The aim is to provide appropriate levels of amenity for customers using the
infrastructure. Commercial opportunities should be identified through
consideration of customer segmentation using the facilities in the first place. It
should be kept in mind that the right commercial opportunity with the right
design - as part of an attractive facility and ambience - can and should be used
to attract new customers to the ferry terminal.
Retail outlets (all forms including kiosks, cafes, dry-cleaning pick up and
drop off, flowers, shoe repair, key cutting and shops)
Travel agents, real estate agents
Vending machines, photo booths
ATMs
Public telephones
Wi-Fi hotspot and mobile device charging points
Advertising and promotional opportunities
Temporary exhibition spaces
Any other commercial opportunity
C. DESIGN APPROACHES
1. Biomimicry
Biomimicry (from bios, meaning life, and mimesis, meaning to imitate) is a
new discipline that studies nature's best ideas and then imitates these designs
and processes to solve human problems. Studying a leaf to invent a better solar
cell is an example. The core idea is that nature has already solved many of the
problems we are grappling with. Animals, plants, and microbes are the
consummate engineers. They have found what works, what is appropriate, and
most important, what lasts here on Earth.
Like the viceroy butterfly imitating the monarch, we humans are imitating the
best adapted organisms in our habitat. We are learning, for instance, how to
harness energy like a leaf, grow food like a prairie, build ceramics like an
abalone, self-medicate like a chimp, create color like a peacock, compute like a
cell, and run a business like a hickory forest.
The conscious emulation of life's genius is a survival strategy for the human
race, a path to a sustainable future. The more our world functions like the natural
world, the more likely we are to endure on this home that is ours, but not ours
alone.
Bionic car inspired by the box fish and tree growth patterns
Within each of these levels, a further five possible dimensions to the mimicry
exist. The design may be biomimetic for example in terms of what it looks like
(form), what it is made out of (material), how it is made (construction), how it
works (process) or what it is able to do (function).
Sources:
www.prrc.gov.ph
http://www.coastguard.gov.ph/index.php/memorandums/memorandum-circulars/129memorandum-circular-no-05-07-pasig-river-safety-security-and-the-governance-of-itsecosystem
http://mmda.gov.ph/news.html#may232014
http://dotc.gov.ph/index.php?
option=com_k2&view=item&layout=item&id=264&Itemid=153
http://dotc.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=686&Itemid=133
http://dotc.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=456&Itemid=152
http://ppp.gov.ph/?p=7649
http://www.biomimicryinstitute.org/about-us/what-is-biomimicry.html