4.3 Office H3

10-82
FIG.
Dormitory
10-57.
E S LIGHTING HANDBOOK
dormitory room lighted for study hour.
Rooms
Except in special schools (as in military schools, perhaps) there should be

few differences between the lighting goals for dormitories and those for
similar rooms in the home (bedrooms and living rooms).
(See pages 10-36
and 10-42.) Most of the differences are associated with lack of decoration,
uniformity, ease of cleaning, and similar factors few of which deal directly
with the quantity and finality of illumination.
(See Fig. 10-57.)
Military
dormitories may tend more toward general illumination from ceiling
fixtures rather than localized illumination from portable lamps.
Under
such conditions, general-office lighting standards should be followed. (See
page 10-52.)
The lighting of dormitory rooms should satisfy two dissimilar requirements
1. Contribute to a comfortable and attractive relaxation atmosphere.
Provide the 30-footcandle classroom illumination level recommended

study purposes.
Portable lamps at each desk and lounge chair maj^ be adequate if they
distribute enough light throughout a room to bring brightness ratios within
the classroom limits.
2.
for
COMMERCIAL AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS

Almost any structure except a residence might fall into the category,
"commercial and public buildings," but the term usually is construed by
illuminating engineers to mean theaters, banks, libraries, and museums,
and the public portions of office buildings, hotels, churches, concert halls,
hospitals, and similar large areas of high turnover and intermittent oc-
Modern
co-ordinated with the architectural

in other structures.
The characteristic public-occupancy areas of such buildings include lobbies, auditoriums, w ork and service areas, corridors, stairways, and so forth.
cupancy.
theme
lighting design
in public buildings
r
is
more often than
INTERIOR LIGHTING
10-83
Office Buildings
The lobby
of an office building usually is at street level.

The simplest
a wide hallway giving access to the elevators or stair wells. More
elaborate lobbies may be used as an exhibit hall by groups occupying the
building.
Many have shops located along the sides. (See Fig. 10-58.)
From a visual standpoint, decorative lighting that produces 10 footcandles in a lobby usually may be considered sufficient for safe passage of
pedestrians, provided there is auxiliary lighting at directory boards, and
directional signs, and adjacent to the elevators and stair wells as a safety
measure. However, since most office buildings have their maximum traffic
in the daytime, 5 footcandles may be found insufficient to provide satis-
type
is
FIG.
10-58. Illumination in public-building lobbies.
10-84
LIGHTING HANDBOOK
factory visual adaptation as the visitor steps into the lobby from outof-doors (from an illumination level approaching 10,000 footcandles in
This necessity for adaptation combined with the adand brighter surroundings has led many,
building designers to provide higher levels of illumination (20 footcandles)
In hallways and corridors of ordinary ceiling height (less than 30 feet)
luminaires should be spaced not more than 20 feet apart. No branch
corridor should be without a luminaire. A luminaire located at a main
corridor junction will serve two branches not more than 10 feet deep.
For
safety in such locations, at least two lamps should be used in each luminaire.
No entrance to an elevator or a stair well should be more than 10 feet
from a luminaire. The recommended average illumination level for
direct sunlight).
vertising value of higher levels
elevators,
and
stair wells,
is
10 footcandles, assuming high-reflectance sur-
The lumieaire and layout should provide such a uniform level that
the maximum value at any place in the room is not greater than three times
the minimum.
faces.
Theaters
Theater-lighting design begins outdoors with the combination decorative
facade with display cases which identifies the entrance. Part of this entrance is the marquee. Sources in the marquee often provide a high illumination level around the box office. This level is reduced along the
traffic lane into the threater so that the theatergoer's eyes may become
adapted gradually to the lower levels inside.
Theater lobbies are passageways between the street and the foyer. An
illumination level of 20 footcandles is desirable in lobbies.
The walls and
ceilings should have a high brightness (up to 50 f ootlamberts)
At signs
announcing current or coming attractions 20 to 40 footcandles should be
provided by local lighting for accent. The luminaires may be ceilingmounted spotlights, or lamps and reflectors attached to the signboard.
Foyers are areas where traffic is distributed into the auditorium. An
illumination level of 10 footcandles is recommended.
This is sufficient
for recognition of acquaintances, for safe movement, and to arouse interest
in the decoration, and yet permits quick adaptation to the lower auditorium level. In larger theaters, a lounge or promenade may separate
the lobby and the foyer. The illumination level in such an area should
fall between those of the lobby and the foyer.
In the auditorium proper, three rules should be observed: (1) brightnesses should be low; (2) sources should be placed out of the normal field
of view from any seat in the house; (3) in motion-picture theaters the
light should be so controlled that a minimum falls upon the screen.
(See
Fig. 10-59.)
Stray light reduces contrasts in the screen image. Brightness
up to 10 footlamberts may be used between the acts. Luminaires should
be located as far outside the field of view as practicable. See also Sec.
tion 14.
To relieve brightness contrasts between the screen and its immediate

surround and thus contribute to eye comfort, a low brightness of approxi-

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10-82

dormitory room lighted for study hour.

Except in special schools (as in military schools, perhaps) there should be

Provide the 30-footcandle classroom illumination level recommended

COMMERCIAL AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS

co-ordinated with the architectural

more often than

of an office building usually is at street level.

10-58. Illumination in public-building lobbies.

vertising value of higher levels

10 footcandles, assuming high-reflectance sur-

To relieve brightness contrasts between the screen and its immediate

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