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Astm D 4052-96 Standard Test Method For Density and Relative Density of Liquids by Digital Density Meter PDF
Astm D 4052-96 Standard Test Method For Density and Relative Density of Liquids by Digital Density Meter PDF
Designation: 365/84(86)
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density
or relative density of petroleum distillates and viscous oils that
can be handled in a normal fashion as liquids at test temperatures between 15 and 35C. Its application is restricted to
liquids with vapor pressures below 600 mm Hg (80 kPa) and
viscosities below about 15 000 cSt (mm2/s) at the temperature
of test.
1.2 This test method should not be applied to samples so
dark in color that the absence of air bubbles in the sample cell
cannot be established with certainty. For the determination of
density in crude oil samples use Test Method D 5002.
1.3 The accepted units of measure for density are grams per
millilitre or kilograms per cubic metre.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
statements, see 7.4, 7.5, and 9.1.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water2
D 1250 Guide for Petroleum Measurement Tables3
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products4
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.04.0D on Physical and Chemical Methods.
Current edition approved Apr. 10, 1996. Published June 1996. Originally
published as D 4052 81. Last previous edition D 4052 95.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Digital Density AnalyzerA digital analyzer consisting
of a U-shaped, oscillating sample tube and a system for
electronic excitation, frequency counting, and display. The
Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 4052 96 (2002)e1
8.2 Laboratory SampleUse only representative samples
obtained as specified in Practices D 4057 or D 4177 for this test
method.
8.3 Test SpecimenA portion or volume of sample obtained
from the laboratory sample and delivered to the density
analyzer sample tube. The test specimen is obtained as follows:
8.3.1 Mix the sample if required to homogenize. The mixing
may be accomplished as described in Practice D 4177 (Section
11) or Test Method D 4377 (A.1). Mixing at room temperature
in an open container can result in the loss of volatile material,
so mixing in closed, pressurized containers or at sub-ambient
temperatures is recommended.
8.3.2 Draw the test specimen from a properly mixed laboratory sample using an appropriate syringe. Alternatively, if the
proper density analyzer attachments and connecting tubes are
used then the test specimen can be delivered directly to the
analyzers sample tube from the mixing container.
9. Preparation of Apparatus
9.1 Set up the density analyzer and constant temperature
bath following the manufacturers instructions. Adjust the bath
or internal temperature control so that the desired test temperature is established and maintained in the sample compartment
of the analyzer. Calibrate the instrument at the same temperature at which the density of the sample is to be measured.
(WarningPrecise setting and control of the test temperature
in the sample tube is extremely important. An error of 0.1C
can result in a change in density of one in the fourth decimal.)
5
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmaceutical Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
MD.
6
Suitable solvent naphthas are marketed under various designations such as
Petroleum Ether, Ligroine, or Precipitation Naphtha.
D 4052 96 (2002)e1
major adjustment is required. Chromic acid solution is the most
effective cleaning agent; however, surfactant cleaning fluids
have also been used successfully.
10.3.1 Flush and dry the sample tube as described in 10.2.1
and allow the display to reach a steady reading. If the display
does not exhibit the correct density for air at the temperature of
test, repeat the cleaning procedure or adjust the value of
constant B commencing with the last decimal place until the
correct density is displayed.
10.3.2 If adjustment to constant B was necessary in 10.3.1
then continue the recalibration by introducing redistilled,
freshly boiled and cooled reagent water into the sample tube as
described in 10.2.3 and allow the display to reach a steady
reading. If the instrument has been calibrated to display the
density, adjust the reading to the correct value for water at the
test temperature (Table 1) by changing the value of constant A,
commencing with the last decimal place. If the instrument has
been calibrated to display the relative density, adjust the
reading to the value 1.0000.
(1)
where:
T = temperature, K, and
P = barometric pressure, torr.
10.2.5 Determine the density of water at the temperature of
test by reference to Table 1.
10.2.6 Using the observed T-values and the reference values
for water and air, calculate the values of the Constants A and B
using the following equations:
A 5 [Tw2 Ta2#/[dw da#
(2)
B 5 Ta2 ~A 3 da!
(3)
Density,
g/mL
Temperature,
C
Density,
g/mL
Temperature,
C
Density,
g/mL
0.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
15.56
16.0
17.0
18.0
19.0
20.0
0.999840
0.999964
0.999972
0.999964
0.999699
0.999099
0.999012
0.998943
0.998774
0.998595
0.998404
0.998203
21.0
22.0
23.0
24.0
25.0
26.0
27.0
28.0
29.0
30.0
35.0
37.78
0.997991
0.997769
0.997537
0.997295
0.997043
0.996782
0.996511
0.996231
0.995943
0.995645
0.994029
0.993042
40.0
45.0
50.0
55.0
60.0
65.0
70.0
75.0
80.0
85.0
90.0
100
0.992212
0.990208
0.988030
0.985688
0.983191
0.980546
0.977759
0.974837
0.971785
0.968606
0.965305
0.958345
(4)
(5)
where:
Tw = observed period of oscillation for cell containing
water,
Ta = observed period of oscillation for cell containing air,
dw = density of water at test temperature, and
da = density of air at test temperature.
11. Procedure
11.1 Introduce a small amount (about 0.7 mL) of sample
into the clean, dry sample tube of the instrument using a
suitable syringe.
D 4052 96 (2002)e1
13. Report
13.1 In reporting density, give the test temperature and the
units (for example: density at 20C = 0.8765 g/mL or 876.5
kg/m3).
13.2 In reporting relative density, give both the test temperature and the reference temperature, but no units (for
example: relative density, 20/20C = 0.xxxx).
13.3 Report the final result to the fourth decimal place.
NOTE 2If the sample is too dark in color to determine the absence of
bubbles with certainty, the density cannot be measured within the stated
precision limits of Section 14.
Range
0.680.97 g/mL
12. Calculation
12.1 Calculating Density AnalyzersThe recorded value is
the final result, expressed either as density in g/mL, kg/m3 or as
relative density. Note that kg/m3 = 1000 3 g/mL.
12.2 Noncalculating Density AnalyzersUsing the observed T-value for the sample and the T-value for water and
appropriate instrument constants determined in 10.4.3, calculate the density or relative density using Eq 6 and Eq 7. Carry
out all calculations to six significant figures and round the final
results to four.
For density:
density, g/mL ~kg/dm3! at t 5 dw 1 K1~Ts2 Tw2!
Range
0.680.97 g/mL
Reproducibility
0.0005
14.2 BiasAfter suggestions of its existence from literature8, a study has been performed which has confirmed the
presence of a bias between known density values for reference
materials and from values determined according to this test
method on the same reference materials. The matrix for this
bias study comprised 15 participants, each analyzing four
reference oils with certified density values, established by the
Netherlands Meet Instituut (NMI), by pyknometry, covering
densities in the range of 747 to 927 kg/m3 at 20C, with
viscosities between 1 and 5 000 mPa.s (also at 20C). This
study is documented in ASTM Research Report RR-D02-1387.
Method users should, therefore, be aware that results obtained
by this test method can be biased by as much as 0.6 kg/m3
(0.0006 g/mL).
(6)
Repeatability
0.0001
(7)
where:
Tw = observed period of oscillation for cell containing
water,
Ts = observed period of oscillation for cell containing
sample,
dw = density of water at test temperature,
K1 = instrument constant for density,
K2 = instrument constant for relative density, and
t
= temperature of test, C.
12.3 If it is necessary to convert a result obtained using the
density meter to a density or relative density at another
temperature, Guide D 1250 can be used only if the glass
expansion factor has been excluded.
15. Keywords
15.1 density; digital density analyzer; petroleum distillates;
petroleum products; relative density
7
Statistical data is available as a research report from ASTM International
Headquarters. Request RR:D02-1387.
8
Fitzgerald, H. and D., An Assessment of Laboratory Density Meters,
Petroleum Review, November 1992, pp. 544549.
D 4052 96 (2002)e1
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