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A2 Particle Physics Worksheet PDF MS - Part 2
A2 Particle Physics Worksheet PDF MS - Part 2
(a)
(b)
Mass = 80 MeV/c
19
(C)
charge = +1/3
(c)
Recognition M means 10
Convert eV to J or divide by c
6
19
1
2
eg 4 10 1.6 10 or /910
Answer 7.1 10-30 (kg)
(d)
(i)
(ii)
1
16
Kaon Meson
Omega baryon
K +p
+
(iii)
1
o
=K +K +
+
o
[accept p or p ;do not accept K for K ;signs must be top right]
Kaon plus = u s
Kaon neutral = d s or s d
Max 5
2.
(a)
u d identified (1)
(b)
Conversion of G (1)
Conversion of either eV or divided by c2 (1)
28
2.5 10 (kg) (1)
eg
9
19
16
m = 0.14 10 1.6 10 / 9 10
(c)
QWC
QWC i and iii Spelling of technical terms must be
correct and the answer must be organised in a logical
sequence
Electric fields:
Electric field provides force on the charge/proton (1)
gives energy to /work done / E = qV/ accelerate
protons (1)
Magnetic fields:
Force on moving charge/proton (1)
Produces circular path/centripetal force (1)
labelled diagram showing Dees
with E field indicated across gap OR B field through Dees (1)
E field is reversed/alternates (1)
(d)
Max 1
QWC
QWC i and iii Spelling of technical terms must be
correct and the answer must be organised in a logical
sequence
momentum (1)
Zero / negligible momentum before (1)
To conserve momentum (fragments go in all
directions) (1)
3
[12]
3.
Minimum energy
2
Use of E = mc (1)
31
8 2
= 2 9.11 10 (3 10 ) J
13
= 1.6398 10 J (1)
[Factor 2 omitted: lose second tick]
13
= 1.6398 10 /1.6 10
= 1.02 MeV (1)
19
( 10 ) MeV
3
Max 2
[8]
4.
2
Charge: 3 (1)
Mass: 1.3 GeV/c2 [No unit penalty for omitting GeV/c2] (1)
Reason for length of time to find experimental evidence for top quark
High energy needed (to create it) / needs a big accelerator/other valid reason
3
[11]
5.
Conservation law:
Charge (1) + (+1) (0) + X/by charge conservation (1)
X is neutral (1)
[The justification for both q and q can be done also by tracking individual quarks]
[8]
6.
Isotope of lead:
206
82
Pb
Other particles:
(82)
electrons 1
Explanation:
High energy is needed/high temperature/high speed (1)
Mention of E m OR E = mc2 (1)
Description:
Relates to electron (1)
e.g. charge +1/antiparticle/annihilates with (1)
2
[8]
7.
Conservation laws:
(i)
(ii)
(1)
(1)
4
[4]
8.
Atom is neutral
(1)
(1)
(1)
2
Completion of table:
Quarks
Charge
up
charm
TOP
+2/3
down
strange
BOTT
O
M
-1/3
1
[OR TRUTH & BEAUTY]
[Both needed for 1 mark]
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(1)
(1)
3
[9]
9.
(1)
e e
(
+
m m (
t -t +
ve v e
vm v m
vt v t
0R just v v
(2)
Collision
Particle and antiparticle annihilate/produce a burst of energy/of photons
/of gamma rays (1)
1
[5]
10.
Corrected errors
line 3 Mesons are made from q and antiq (1) (1)
OR leptons are fundamental/not made from smaller etc.
line 4 as line 3 [only one (1) for same correction made twice]
OR quarks, leptons, neutrinos, and others (1)
line 6 Neutron is made from 3 q s (1) (1)
OR meson is made from q and antiq [with restriction as in line 4]
line 10........... energy .... [instead of momentum] (1) (1)
Max 6
[6]
11.
(84)
(85)
Charge carried by lambda particle
Neutral (1)
Deduction
r pion < r proton / straighter / less curved (1)
since r = p / BQ (P pion < P proton) (1)
Scale drawing
2 straight lines lpr > lpi (1)
Orientation of lines (49) joined correct way (1)
Answer 10 1 kg m s1 (1)
Classification of particles
baryon
pion
lambda
meson
(1)
(1)
1
[12]
12.
(i)
(ii)
7
3 Li
(iii)
(1)
Or
Use of 1.66 10
Use of 9.0 10
2.79 10
12
27
16
Use of 1.6 10
2.78 10
12
13
(1)
J (1)
Max 4
[8]
13.
Table
(i)
p a rtic le
(ii)
q u a rk c o n te n t
(iii)
a n tip a r tic le
(iv )
q u a r k c o n te n t
p ro to n
uud
u u d
(2 )
d u
ud
(1 )
ds
sd
(2 )
0
0
Anti K is K [ allow K -bar]
1
1
1
1
[5]
14.
Fundamental particle
A particle which cannot be further divided/which has no parts
inside it/one of the 12 particles of which all matter is made (1)
[Not one which cannot decay to another particle]
Circled fundamental particles in list (2)
Positron and muon
[If more than two circled, 1 for each extra one]
Explanation
Any three from:
Quality of written communication (1)
Mesons are composed of a q and an q (1)
These have charges 2/3 and 1/3 (1)
Shows all possibilities (+1, 0, 1) OR other convincing
arithmetic to show max +1 (1)
Max 3
[6]
15.
Quark composition
Baryon number
1 (1)
10
2
[11]
X is a baryon (1)
L is a baryon (1)
p is a meson (1)
[Allow bbm]
2
[6]
17.
decay equations
(i)
(ii)
p n (1)
+
2
[4]
11
18.
Explanation
Diffraction (1)
Molecular/atomic separation @ 1nm/de Broglie wavelength (1)
Kinetic energy
Use of l = h/mv (1)
2
2
Use of k.e. = 1/2mv OR p /2m (1)
23
k.e. = 9.1-9.2 10 J [no ecf] (1)
3
[5]
19.
Particle X
Positive (1)
Is a baryon (1)
Quark compositions
Proton uud; neutron udd BOTH (1)
4
[7]
12
20.
Explanation
energy gained by electron accelerated through 1 V/W = QV (1)
W = 1.6 10
19
C 1 V = 1.6 10
19
J (1)
Unit of mass
2
E = c m so m = E/c (1)
2
25
19
8 2
/(3 10 ) (1)
kg (1)
Antiparticle
Same mass and opposite charge (1)
[Accept Particle and its antiparticle annihilate ( photons)]
4
[11]
21.
(i)
Decay numbers
1
1p
0
1 b+
(ii)
and 0 n (1)
0
and 0 n (1)
[only penalise once for including meson] [if both baryon correct but
no hadrons 1 mark out of 2 and vice versa]
[6]
13
22.
Conservation laws
Baryon (1)
1 (1)
Q: (1) + (+1) = (0) + (+1) + (X) (1)
B: (0) + (+1) = (0) + (0) + (X) (1)
Quark content
uud (1)
u s (1)
2
[6]
23.
Base units of eV
(i)
Useful energy equation / units shown [e.g. mv , mgh, mc , Fd, not (1)
QV or Pt]
2 2
1 2
Energy released
146 shown or used (1)
m calculation [1.9415, ecf] (1)
2
Multiply by 930 [allow E = mc with mass in kg] (1)
1800 MeV [no ue] (1)
4
[7]
24.
Conserved quantities
Momentum, charge, (mass-)energy, lepton number (1) (1)
2 2 2 1 1
3
3 3
= (+) 1(e) (1)
Charge on X
Positive since pentaquark was positive, neutron neutral [ecf] (1)
[Reasoning needed]
14
Mass of pentaquark
2
1.54 10 1.6 10
= 2.7 10
19
8 2
/(3 10 )
27
kg
[8]
25.
(a)
(b)
n (ddu) (1)
p (duu) (1)
2
[3]
26.
Max 6
[6]
(a)
15
(b)
n (ddu) (1)
p (duu) (1)
2
[3]
27.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
any 5
(c)
number = 5000 10
(d)
(i)
kg / 9.11 10
31
any 2
21
(ii)
12
31
8 2
14
1
[12]
28.
(a)
16
(b)
(i)
(ii)
19
12
(iv)
cc
27
19
(J)/(3 10 (m/s)) =
2
2
[12]
29.
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
baryon (1)
meson (1)
17
(c)
(d)
max 4
30.
Particle classification
Neutron: baryon and hadron (1)
Neutrino: lepton (1)
Muon: lepton (1)
3
[3]
31.
(i)
Conservation laws
First reaction, Q: 0 + 0 1 + 1 (1)
Second reaction B: 1 = 1 + 0 AND Q: 1 = 1 + 0 (1)
Quark charges
Use of sss = 1 to show s = (1)
Hence correct working (from baryons) to show u = and d = (1)
2
[5]
18