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    This document provides an example of using the MVA method to calculate short circuit currents in a power system. It includes: 1. Calculating the equivalent MVAs of generators, transformers, motors, and other equipment based on their ratings. 2. Combining the equivalent MVAs at each bus to determine the upstream and downstream fault current contributions. 3. Checking the calculations by verifying the upstream and downstream fault current sums are equal at each bus. 4. Extending the method to calculate single phase faults by considering positive, negative, and zero sequence impedances.

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    This document provides an example of using the MVA method to calculate short circuit currents in a power system. It includes: 1. Calculating the equivalent MVAs of generators, transformers, motors, and other equipment based on their ratings. 2. Combining the equivalent MVAs at each bus to determine the upstream and downstream fault current contributions. 3. Checking the calculations by verifying the upstream and downstream fault current sums are equal at each bus. 4. Extending the method to calculate single phase faults by considering positive, negative, and zero sequence impedances.

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    583 views7 pages

    MVA Method Short Circuit Calculation

    Uploaded by

    dskymaximus
    This document provides an example of using the MVA method to calculate short circuit currents in a power system. It includes: 1. Calculating the equivalent MVAs of generators, transformers, motors, and other equipment based on their ratings. 2. Combining the equivalent MVAs at each bus to determine the upstream and downstream fault current contributions. 3. Checking the calculations by verifying the upstream and downstream fault current sums are equal at each bus. 4. Extending the method to calculate single phase faults by considering positive, negative, and zero sequence impedances.

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    of 7

    MVA Method Short Circuit Calculation

    A Short Circuit Study is an important tool in determining the ratings of electrical equipment to be installed in a project. It is also used as a basis in setting protection
    devices. Computer software simplifies this process however, in cases where it is not available, alternative methods should be used. The per-unit and ohmic method are very
    tedious manual calculation. These hand calculations are very prone to errors due to so many conversion required. In per unit, base conversion is a normal part of the
    calculation method while in ohmic method, complex entities conversion.The easy way to do hand calculation is theMVA method.
    In this example, we shall be presenting a short circuit study of a power system. Motors are are already lumped with ratings 37kW and below assigned an impedance value of
    25% while larger motors are 17%. A 4MVA generator is also included into the system to augment the utility.

    Figure 1
    Utility: 33KV, 250 MVAsc
    Transformer 1: 10 MVA, 33/11KV, 9% Z
    11KV Bus
    Generator: 3MVA, X"d = 0.113

    Transformer 2: 5 MVA, 11/6.6KV, 7% Z


    Motor 1: 5MVA (Lumped), 17% Z
    6.6KV Bus
    Transformer 3: 2 MVA, 6.6KV/400V, 6% Z
    Motor 3: 6.8 MVA (Lumped), 17% Z
    400V Bus
    Motor 4: 300 KVA (Lumped), 17% Z
    Motor 5: 596 KVA (Lumped), 25% Z

    MVA Method Short Circuit Calculation


    In
    1.
    2.
    3.

    the event of a short circuit, the sources of short circuit current are
    Utility
    Generators
    Motors

    Static loads such as heaters and lighting do not contribute to short circuit.
    The "Equivalent MVA" are:
    Transformers and Motors

    Generators

    Cables and Reactors

    MVA Method Short Circuit Calculation


    In Figure 1, I have calculated the Equivalent MVAs of each equipment, writing it below the ratings.

    Figure 2
    Utility: MVAsc = 250MVA
    Transformer 1: MVAsc = 10 / 0.09 = 111.11 MVA
    11KV Bus
    Generator: MVAsc = 4 / 0.113 = 35.4 MVA
    Transnformer 2: MVAsc = 5 / 0.07 = 71.43 MVA
    Motor 1: MVAsc = 5 / 0.17 = 29.41 MVA
    6.6KV Bus
    Transformer 3: MVAsc = 2 / 0.06 = 33.33 MVA
    Motor 3: MVAsc = 6.8 / 0.17 = 40 MVA
    400V Bus
    Motor 4: MVAsc = 0.3 / 0.17 = 1.76 MVA
    Motor 5: MVAsc = 0.596 / 0.25 = 2.38 MVA

    MVA Method Short Circuit Calculation

    Figure 3
    Upstream Contribution
    Starting from the utility, combine MVAs writing each one above the arrows.
    At Transformer 1:
    MVAsc @ 33KV = 250 MVA
    MVAsc @ 11KV = 1/ (1 / 250 + 1 /111.11) = 76.87 MVA
    At Transformer 2:
    MVAsc @ 11KV = 76.87 + 35.4 + 29.41 = 141.68 MVA
    MVAsc @ 6.6KV = 1/ (1 / 141.68 + 1 / 71.43) = 47.49 MVA
    At Transformer 3:
    MVAsc @ 6.6KV = 47.49 + 40 = 87.49 MVA
    MVAsc @ 400V = 1/ (1 / 87.49 + 1 / 33.33) = 24.14 MVA
    At 400V Motors
    Motor 3: MVAsc = 24.14 x 1.76 / ( 1.76 + 2.38 ) = 10.26 MVA
    Motor 4: MVAsc = 24.14 x 2.38 / ( 1.76 + 2.38 ) = 13.88 MVA
    Downstream Contribution
    Starting from the bottom (400V Bus), I combined MVAs writing each one below the arrows. In this bus, the motor contribution to short circuit is the sum of the MVAs of the
    lumped motors Motor 3 and Motor 4.
    At Transformer 3:
    MVAsc @ 400V = 1.76 + 2.38 = 4.14 MVA
    MVAsc @ 6.6KV = 1/ (1 / 4.14 + 1 / 33.33) = 3.68 MVA
    At Transformer 2:
    MVAsc @ 6.6KV = 3.68 + 40 = 43.68 MVA
    MVAsc @ 11KV = 1/ (1 / 43.68 + 1 / 71.43) = 27.11 MVA
    At Transformer 1:
    MVAsc @ 11KV = 27.11 + 29.41 + 35.4 = 91.92 MVA
    Note: Two downstream plus the generator contribution.
    MVAsc @ 33KV = 1/ (1 / 91.92 + 1 /111.11) = 50.3 MVA
    To determine the Faults Current at any bus on the power system, add the MVA values above and below the arrows. The sum should be the same on any branch.
    Example:
    11 KV Bus:
    From Transformer 1: MVAsc = 76.87 + 91.92 = 168.79 MVA
    From Generator : MVAsc = 35.4 + 133.39 = 168.79 MVA
    From Transformer 2: MVAsc = 141.68 + 27.11 = 168.79MVA
    From Motor 1: MVAsc = 139.38 + 29.41 = 168.79 MVA
    This is a check that we have done the correct calculation.
    Ifault @ 11KV = 168.79 / (1.732 x 11) = 8.86 kA

    MVA Method Short Circuit Calculation


    All we have done above are three phase faults, you may ask, how about single phase faults?
    For single phase to earth faults, positive sequence, negative sequence and zero sequence impedance need to be calculated.
    If = 3 (I1 + I2 + I0)
    Examining the circuit in Figure 1, at the 400V Bus, on Transformer 3 contributes to the zero sequence current.
    For transformers, the negative sequence and zero sequence impedance are equal to the positive sequence impedance.
    Z1 = Z2 = Z0 or
    MVA1 = MVA2 = MVA0
    At the 400V Bus
    1 / MVAsc =1/3 (1 / MVAsc1 + 1 / MVAsc2 + 1 / MVAsc0)
    1 / MVAsc = 1/3 (1 / 28.28 + 1 / 28.28 + 1 / 33.33 )
    MVAsc =3 x 9.93 = 29.79 MVA
    If = 29.79 / (1.732 x 0.4) = 43 kA
    At 6.6KV Bus
    1 / MVAsc = 1/3 (1 / MVAsc1 + 1 / MVAsc2 + 1 / MVAsc0)
    1 / MVAsc = 1/3 (1 / 91.17 + 1 / 91.17 + 1 / 71.43)
    MVAsc = 3 x 27.83 = 83.49 MVA
    If = 83.49 / (1.732 x 6.6) = 7.26 kA
    Conclusion:
    This example illustrates that using the MVA Method of Short Circuit Calculation, it will be very easy to calculate the fault current at any node within a power system.

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