1 Discuss The Organizational Arrangements For The HMIS in India

ASSIGNMENT DRIVE FALL 2015
SUBJECT CODE &NAME : MH0053 Hospital & Healthcare Information

Management
1 Discuss the organizational arrangements for the HMIS in India.
1.
Central level
At the central level there are four major agencies dealing with the HMIS.
1.
CENTRAL BUREAU OF HEALTH INTELLIGENCE (CBHI)

Central Bureau of Health Intelligence (CBHI) is the health intelligence wing of the
Directorate General Of Health Services. At the national level it is the main
organization which deals with the collection, compilation, analysis and
dissemination of the information on the health conditions in the country covering
various aspects of health including the health status, health resources etc.
2 Explain the categories of Information system in hospital. Add a note on

functional areas of Hospital Information System
There are three general categories of information system available in hospitals:
clinical or medical information system, information system to support administrative
operation and management planning and control systems (to consider as an
administrative information system) and ancillary (support service) technical
information system taken together, these three categories of information systems
provide all element of information required for the development of total information
system.
Clinical or Medical Information System
Clinical or medical information system are designed primarily to support

direct patient care activities in the hospital specific application range from
direct computerized monitoring of the vital functions of critically ill patient
in intensive care to records retrieval system to designed to aid the medical
audit process in the hospital to insure that quality standards are being
maintained.
Example: information relating to patient treated in the OPD, Age and service
classification, investigations laboratory, radiological and others, diagnostic
classification of cases, patient treated in the emergency service, patient treated as
inpatients, service wide classification of disease and operation, investigationlaboratory, radiological and others, deliveries, deaths (mortality), infections cases
and so on
Administrative information system
These are designed to assist in the non-patient care activities of the

hospital. Example includes, financial information systems, personnel and
payroll systems, purchasing and inventory control systems, bed census and
control and numerous others, and also designed to deal with strategic
policy matters that transcend daily administrative activities. They are
designed to range long range planning, evaluation of hospital performance,
and analysis of impact programs offered to the community. Example
includes information relating to administrative activities:
Personnel (medical, nursing, ancillary and other recruitment, transfers,

promotions and termination and so on)
Expenditure (drug, diet, equipment, furniture, building, personnel,

linen, transport, maintenance, communication and so on.)
Purchase and supplies, income and other information
Ancillary (support service) Technical Information System
Ancillary technical information systems are designed to deal with the

information which is neither clinical nor administrative. They are designed
to support clinical and administrative field. However, ancillary technical
information system includes engineering, civil, mechanical, electrical,
maintenance, computer design and application. Information related to
patient care and administration but overall improvement of hospital
functions, and technical consultations rendered.
Example: Information relating to construction of hospital buildings,
electrification, water supplies, drainage, central heating and air
conditioning, fire extinguisher, maintenance of building, equipment,
computer installation and application, legal advice and consultant advice
relating to above work and so on.
3 Define E-health. Discuss the advantages and challenges in E-health.

Answer
E-health is abbreviated from Electronic-health. E-health basically means use of
electronic communication and information technology in the health sector wherein
digital form of data is stored and retrieved electronically-for various purposes like
clinical, educational and administrative, both in local areas as well as at a distance.
The word E-health comprises of telehealth, telemedicine, m-health and other health
IT components, which are covered in detail in the subsequent sections. In cases
where speed is vital in delivering healthcare services, E-health can be used.
Suppose a natural disaster has struck some location, E-health can be used to save
many lives. Internet and video conferencing is a familiar concept to most of us. Ehealth provides healthcare using these concepts. Therefore, healthcare services can
be provided electronically to areas where natural calamities have struck. E-health
has been adopted worldwide. It has made considerable amount of progress in India
as well.
Definition of E-health
E-health is defined as the use of communication and information technology in the
field of medicine. Transfer of medical records or other related data takes place
through electronic processes. It also enables two professionals at different
geographical locations to interact with each other.
E-health is a relatively new term introduced in medical science. The concept of Ehealth is supported by electronic and communication technology. The term covers a
wide range of medical and healthcare services like telemedicine and m-health.
Some say that E-health is interchangeable with healthcare informatics and is a sub
set of health informatics. Few others use it in the narrow sense as using Internet in
healthcare practice. E-health covers more than just Internet and medicine.
Introduction to E-health
E-health is the utilisation of emerging interactive technologies to facilitate health
improvement and health care services. The technologies include Compact Disc Read
Only Memory (CD-ROM), Digital Video Disc Read Only Memory (DVD-ROM),
Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), Internet, interactive television, kiosks and so on.
E-health uses the growing technology to upgrade the quality, safety and efficiency
of healthcare. While adopting E-health a consumer must keep three things in mind:
personal health record, electronic health record and ensure safe sharing of these
records between the doctors and patients.
E-health provides many advantages in the field of healthcare services. They are:
Significant information from your health history is readily available to your
doctor, without having to spend time looking through a paper chart and possibly
missing something important.
Your doctor can receive important awareness based on your specific history,
such as whether a new medication will have side effects, or if you require other
medications.
The health record will be transferred on time if you choose a different clinic
site other than the clinic which you normally visit.
The healthcare solutions provided by e-health are low cost.
Patients who are bedridden or disabled can have access to healthcare
services through e-health.
Patients are comfortable talking about the healthcare issues to their friends
and relatives. This is not the case with mental health issues. Patients are
comfortable discussing the mental health concerns through E-health.
Clinics are able to electronically and securely send your relevant health
information to another doctor you have to consult. This saves you from having to
unnecessarily repeated tests and procedures and implies you do not have to fill out
health history forms everywhere you go.
Challenges in E-health
E-health is a rapidly growing technology. However, it faces certain challenges as the
population is widespread. Most of the population in India is spread across villages
and hilly terrains. Delivering E-health services to these areas could prove a
challenge. Let us look into some of the challenges faced by E-health in India.
India is highly populated country spread over a wide area. There are 600,000
villages in India and about 27,000 villages have no road or rail facilities, 51,000
villages are deprived of power connections. Few villages are yet to get a
simple analogue telephone. Telecom facilities do not exist. At this rate, providing Ehealth would definitely prove a challenging task.
Nowadays, highly advanced communication systems are available. To utilise these
resources, a minimum level of education is expected. India has a large population
of over one billion out of which approximately 400 million are illiterates. In rural
areas the literacy rate is very less. Providing access to E-health to illiterates is a
challenging task.
The number of healthcare centres across our country is not satisfactory. As per
census done in the year 2001, we require another 21,983 Sub-centres, 4436 PHCs
and 3332 CHCs approximately to provide better healthcare facilities across villages
and other states. Only about a quarter of the population in villages have access to
healthcare services.
Approximately 40% of the rural population sell their assets to meet their medical
expenses. There are about 15 official languages in India. The culture differs from
state-to-state in our country. It is a challenge to impart knowledge to the people in
such cases. The developer of E-health modules must keep in mind the difference in
culture while developing the modules.
The other challenges are:

Coping with the rapid advancement in technology
Determining the quality and effects of E-health applications.
Investigating the research approaches for E-health programs.
Developing the credible information sources on research tools and findings.
Protecting the records of patients is vital. Health information should not be

revealed to unauthorised person. By doing so, the information could be tampered
with or put to wrong use which could risk the life of the patient.
4 Explain the process of audit. Add a note on types of audit.
A Explaining the steps in the audit process
Types of audit
6
4
10
5 Describe the components of quality assurance in health care.
A Mentioning the various components of quality
assurance in healthcare
Explanation of the components of quality
assurance in healthcare
2
8
10
6 Discuss the threats to healthcare information.
A Mentioning the various categories of threat
Explanation of various categories of threat

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ASSIGNMENT DRIVE FALL 2015

SUBJECT CODE &NAME : MH0053 Hospital & Healthcare Information

CENTRAL BUREAU OF HEALTH INTELLIGENCE (CBHI)

2 Explain the categories of Information system in hospital. Add a note on

Clinical or Medical Information System

Clinical or medical information system are designed primarily to support

Administrative information system

These are designed to assist in the non-patient care activities of the

Personnel (medical, nursing, ancillary and other recruitment, transfers,

Expenditure (drug, diet, equipment, furniture, building, personnel,

Purchase and supplies, income and other information

Ancillary (support service) Technical Information System

Ancillary technical information systems are designed to deal with the

3 Define E-health. Discuss the advantages and challenges in E-health.

The other challenges are:

Determining the quality and effects of E-health applications.

Investigating the research approaches for E-health programs.

Developing the credible information sources on research tools and findings.

Protecting the records of patients is vital. Health information should not be

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