Recommended Fits
Recommended Fits
ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
NAME
INTRODUCTION TO
RECOMMENDED FITS
Advantages , fields of usage and examples
No
86
I.TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.Introduction .1
2.Selection of fit....1
3.Recommended fits ..2
3.1.Simple Definition
..2
4.Conclusion..7
5.References..8
1. Introduction
It is necessary that the dimensions, shape and mutual position of
surfaces of individual parts of mechanical engineering products are kept
within a certain accuracy to achieve their correct and reliable functioning.
Routine production processes do not allow maintenance (or
measurement) of the given geometrical properties with absolute accuracy.
As mentioned above, it is principally impossible to produce machine
parts with absolute dimensional accuracy. In fact, it is not necessary or
useful. It is quite sufficient that the actual dimension of the part is found
between two limit dimensions and a permissible deviation is kept with
production to ensure correct functioning of engineering products. The
required level of accuracy of production of the given part is then given by
the dimensional tolerance which is prescribed in the drawing. The
production accuracy is prescribed with regards to the functionality of the
product and to the economy of production as well.
A coupling of two parts creates a fit whose functional character is
determined by differences of their dimensions before their coupling.
Fit is defined as a degree of tightness or looseness between two mating
parts to perform definite function when they are assembled together.
A fit may result either in a movable joint or a fixed joint. For example,
a shaft running in a bearing can move in relation to it and thus forms a
movable joint, whereas, a pulley mounted on the shaft forms a fixed joint.
2. Selection of fit
This paragraph can be used to choose a recommended fit. When
designing the fit itself, it is recommended to follow several principles:
-Design a fit in a hole basis system or in a shaft basis system.
-Use hole tolerances greater or equal to the shaft tolerance.
-Tolerances of the hole and shaft should not differ by more than two
grades.
.1.
3.Recommended fits
3.1.Simple Definition
We can define the recommended fits as the most useful fit during some
operation, or as the fit which will provide the required function with
maximum optimization for every single step of production.
.2.
.3.
3.3.Preferred fits
The standard ANSI B4.1 divides the series of preferred fits into three
basic groups according to the type and field of use.
-Running or sliding fits [RC]
This includes fits with guaranteed clearances which are specified for
movable couplings of those parts which have to run or slide one against
the other.
-Locational fits [LC, LT, LN]
This includes clearance or interference fits specified for precise
locational positioning of coupled parts. The coupled parts must be fixed
mechanically to prevent one moving against the other during assembly.
Depending on the locational positioning of tolerance zones of the coupled
parts, 3 types of these fits may be distinguished: Clearance fits [LC],
interference fits [LN] and transition fits [LT].
-Force or shrink fits [FN]
This includes guaranteed interference fits specified for fixed (nondemountable) couplings of parts.
Each of these groups is marked using a literal abbreviation, which
together with a numerical specification of the class of fit unambiguously
defines the selected fit.
.4.
4.Conclusion
Briefly, We can conclude that it is principally impossible to produce
machine parts with absolute dimensional accuracy. It is quite sufficient
that the actual dimension of the part is found between two limit
dimensions and a permissible deviation is kept with production to ensure
correct functioning of engineering products. Fit is defined as a degree of
tightness or looseness between two mating parts to perform definite
function when they are assembled together. The recommended fitis the fit
which will provide the required function with maximum optimization for
every single step of production. The recommended fits cannot be taken as
a fixed fits for these requirements. Three basic groups of preferred fits
according to the type and field of use are exciting. Running or sliding
fits [RC] this includes fits with guaranteed clearances which are specified
for movable couplings of those parts which have to run or slide one
against the other. Locational fits [LC, LT, LN] This includes clearance or
interference fits specified for precise locational positioning of coupled
parts. The coupled parts must be fixed mechanically to prevent one
moving against the other during assembly. Force or shrink fits [FN]
This includes guaranteed interference fits specified for fixed (nondemountable) couplings of parts.
Last and not least, Recommended fits are very useful means to get the
required information for producing any product which depends mainly on
coupling just like ball bearings, with the provided and available data it is
easy to start producing some product corresponding to this data without
needing to start from the point of designating the fundamental deviations
and so on.
.7.
5.References
-ISO standard hand book limits, fits and surface properties, 2nd edition
- ANSI B4.1 -American National Standards Institute: ANSI
- ANSI B4.2 -American National Standards Institute: ANSI
.8.