CH 24 Thermal Questions - KEY PDF
CH 24 Thermal Questions - KEY PDF
CH 24 Thermal Questions - KEY PDF
1. What is the meaning of the Greek words from which we get the word thermodynamics?
Heat and movement
2. Is the study of thermodynamics concerned primarily with microscopic or microscopic processes?
Macroscopic
3. What is the lowest possible temperature on the Celsius scale? On the Kelvin scale? -273.15 C, 0 K
4. What is the temperature of melting ice in Kelvin? Or boiling water? 273 K; 373 K
5. How does the law of the conservation of energy relate to the first law of thermodynamics?
The first law of thermodynamics is the law of conservation of energy applied to thermal systems
6. What happens to the internal energy of a system when work is done on it? What happens to its temperature?
Increases; increased
7. What is the relationship between heat added to a system heat added to a system and the internal energy and
external work done by the system? Amount of heat added = increases in internal energy + work done
8. If work is done adiabatically on a system, will the internal energy of the system increase or decrease? If
work is done by a system, will the internal energy of the system increase or decrease?
Increase; decrease
9. What condition is necessary for a process to be adiabatic?
No heat enters or leaves while the process occurs
10. What happens to the temperature of the air when it is adiabatically compressed? When it adiabatically
expands? Increases; decreases
11. What generally happens to the temperature of rising air?
Decreases, if adiabatic
12. What generally happens to the temperature of sinking air?
Increases if adiabatic
13. How does the second law of thermodynamics relate to the direction of heat flow?
It defines the direction of heat flow from hot to cold
14. What three processes occur in every heat engine?
Energy absorption, conversion of some energy to work, expulsion of the rest
15. What is thermal pollution?
Unwanted exhaust
16. If all friction could be removed form a heat engine, would it be 100% efficient? Explain.
No, efficiency depends on input and output temperatures
17. What is the ideal efficiency of a heat engine that operates with its hot reservoir at 500 k and its sink at 300
K?
0.4 or 40%
18. Why are heat engines intentionally run at high operating temperatures?
To increase efficiency
19. Give at least two examples to distinguish between organized energy and disorganized energy.
Electricity converting to heat, car braking to a stop
20. How much of the electrical energy transformed by a common light bulb becomes heat energy?
100%
21. With respect or orderly and disorderly states, what do natural systems tend to do? Can a disorderly state
ever transform to an orderly state? Explain.
Become disordered; yes, but only with work input
22. What is the physicists term for a measure of messiness?
Entropy
23. Under what condition can entropy decrease in a system? Only with work or other organized energy input
24. What is the relationship between the second law of thermodynamics and entropy?
Entropy increases in natural systems
25. Distinguish between the first and second laws of thermodynamics in terms of whether or not exceptions
occur.
The first law has no exceptions, the second law may have some exceptions
29. In a heat engine driven by ocean temperature differences, the heat source (water near the surface) is at 293
K and the heat sink (deeper water) is at 283 K. Calculate the ideal efficiency of the engine.
IE = (Thot Tcold) / Thot (293 K 283 K) / (293 K) = 0.034